• The Mucin 1 (MUC1) gene encodes a membrane bound glycosylated phosphoprotein, belonging to the family of mucins which are heavily glycosylated proteins. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Mucin 1 (Muc1) exhibits protective action by binding to pathogens and is also associated with cell signaling capacity. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • This disease, previously referred to as MCKD type 1, is due to a mutation in the variable-number tandem repeat region of the MUC1 (Mucin 1) gene. (medscape.com)
  • Cancer antigen 27-29 (or CA 27-29) is an epitope of a large transmembrane mucin glycoprotein named MUC1 that is expressed on the cell surfaces of most glandular epithelia. (medscape.com)
  • A large family of GalNAc-Ts initiate mucin type O-glycosylation transferring α-GalNAc from a UDP-GalNAc donor to the hydroxyl groups of Ser and Thr residues of peptides and proteins, thereby defining sites of O-glycosylation. (araid.es)
  • Mucins are highly glycosylated proteins that serve a variety of roles in organisms from lubrication to cell-signaling to defense 7 . (nature.com)
  • Mucins are the proteins that make up mucus, which help lubricate surfaces. (allaboutvision.com)
  • The interaction of LF with microbial surfaces-OMPs of Gram-negative bacteria in particular-has led to other antimicrobial mechanisms, such as the inhibition of microbial attachment to sub-epithelial matrix proteins and detachment of bacteria from mucosal surfaces. (ift.org)
  • Additionally, there is concomitant production of mucins, immunoglobulins (secretory IgA and IgG), secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and β-defensins, and other antimicrobial proteins, which all together provide a formidable first line of defense against infection. (frontiersin.org)
  • But before it even gets to the cell surface, the virus must navigate the tall, dense forest of sugar-coated proteins on the cell surface known as the glycocalyx. (phys.org)
  • New research from Stanford reveals how a class of particularly bushy proteins in this forest, called mucins, could hinder the flu's progression. (phys.org)
  • On the other hand, the treatment of enamel surface with human saliva presents differences in this process, as it contains proteins such as mucin, which is deposited on the surface and may hamper the remineralization process 15 . (bvsalud.org)
  • BACKGROUND: JL1, a CD43 epitope and mucin family cell surface glycoprotein, is expressed on leukemic cells. (koreamed.org)
  • CA 27-29 represents a sequence of mucins on the extracellular region of this glycoprotein. (medscape.com)
  • Embedded in these epithelial cells are a very important cell type called mucin-producing cells that are vital for keeping the epithelial surface moisturized and healthy, and they secrete mucin to protect the surface of the airways. (medindia.net)
  • The columnar epithelium is composed of a single layer of tall columnar cells that secrete mucin, which helps in the lubrication of the cervix and the vagina. (iarc.fr)
  • Mucins, heavily glycosylated glycoproteins, are synthesized by mucosal surfaces and play an important role in healthy and malignant states. (ima.org.il)
  • Mucin is large group of glycoproteins consisting of a linear polypeptide backbone with alternating naked and densely glycosylated regions. (mit.edu)
  • In animals, they are abundant on mucosa surfaces as terminal carbohydrates of mucin glycoproteins. (tudelft.nl)
  • Mucin 21, cell surface associated is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MUC21 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we focus on the salivary mucin-7 gene ( MUC7 ) to study the evolution and functional impact of subexonic repeats. (nature.com)
  • These repeats can be particularly well studied in this gene because the repeats are relatively short and few in number compared to other mucins. (nature.com)
  • New study has discovered the role of IL-9 gene super-enhancers in the overproduction of mucin. (medindia.net)
  • Chemical inhibitors were used to stop this assembly of IL-9 gene super-enhancers to prevent the production of IL-9, which in turn reduces mucin production in asthma patients. (medindia.net)
  • We identified a significant induction of epithelial alarmin (thymic stromal lymphopoietin-TSLP)-dependent interleukin-13 pathway after co-exposure, associated with increased mucin and interferon gene expression. (cdc.gov)
  • In many epithelia, this protein is attached to the apical surface by a transmembrane domain. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • [ 1 ] This protein, also known as polymorphic epithelial mucin or epithelial membrane antigen, has a large extracellular region, a transmembrane sequence, and a cytosolic domain. (medscape.com)
  • A transmembrane mucin that is found in a broad variety of epithelial tissue. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, the immobilization of LF to mucosal surfaces containing sulfated glycans such as heparan sulfate or its closely related analogs, including galactose-rich polysaccharide (a water-soluble fraction from agar) and carrageenans, were found to enhance the antimicrobial spectrum of LF multi-fold. (ift.org)
  • The salivary scavenger and agglutinin (SALSA), also known as gp340 and dmbt1, is an antimicrobial and inflammation-regulating molecule located at the mucosal surfaces. (researchgate.net)
  • molecule located at the mucosal surfaces. (researchgate.net)
  • Any aberrations in the mucin secretion of GCs can disturb the ocular environment. (bmj.com)
  • Thus, CF epithelia cultures showed elevated Na+ transport, drastic hyperabsorption of surface liquid, and absence of cAMP-induced Cl- secretion as compared with non-CF cultures. (unige.ch)
  • They were also characterized by thick apical secretion that hampered the movement of cell surface debris by cilia. (unige.ch)
  • Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface associated with reduced tear secretion, increased osmolarity of the tears and inflammation that may lead to ocular surface damage. (springer.com)
  • Changes in mucin synthesis, expression, and secretion may be a primary event or may be secondary to inflammation and carcinogenesis. (ima.org.il)
  • This bacteria releases gasses, causing the foamy surface associated with these spots. (allaboutvision.com)
  • Activated lactoferrin (ALF) is a new form of a naturally occurring protein from milk that acts as a powerful deterrent to pathogenic bacteria that may be present on a meat surface. (ift.org)
  • In nature, the mucin acts as a defensive layer to protect snails' feet from environmental hazards such as rough surfaces, bacteria and UV rays. (today.com)
  • B ) Binding of probiotic bacteria to the epithelial surface can cause steric hindrance and block the virus's attachment to the host cell receptor. (news-medical.net)
  • C ) Probiotic bacteria releases antimicrobial substances (such as bacteriocins, biosurfactants, lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, organic acids) and intestinal mucins from mucosal cells, which can effectively inhibit virus proliferation. (news-medical.net)
  • Plaque is, at first, a soft, thin film of bacteria, mucin, dead epithelial cells, and food debris that develops on the tooth surface within about 24 hours after the tooth is cleaned. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The surface characteristics of various materials, as well as their chemical and organic origin, when suspended in water, can influence colonization by bacteria [5]. (who.int)
  • CONCLUSIONS: We show for the first time that MUC13 plays a critical role in antimicrobial defense against pathogenic S Tm at the intestinal mucosal surface by both acting as a releasable decoy limiting bacterial invasion and reducing pathogen-induced cell death. (bvsalud.org)
  • 11-13 These conjunctival microcysts were similar to the hyaline bodies in morphology and probably contained aqueous humour instead of highly hydrophilic gel-forming mucins. (bmj.com)
  • This further results in decreased inflammation as measured by reduced MMP-9 levels in the tear fluid and decreased ocular surface damage as measured by corneal and conjunctival staining during the supplementation. (springer.com)
  • Relative contraindications to lr-CLAL include significant conjunctival inflammation and scarring, significantly decreased mucin, aqueous tear deficiency, and ocular surface keratinization. (aao.org)
  • However, lr-CLAL has also shown potential to stabilize the ocular surface in these cases by providing limbal and conjunctival stem cells where prior KLAL has failed [7] . (aao.org)
  • The conjunctiva is a translucent mucous menbrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and extends to the limbus on the surface of the globe. (bmj.com)
  • It plays a critical role in keeping the integrity of the ocular surface, serving as the source of the tear mucous layer 1 and assisting the immunity system. (bmj.com)
  • Mucin is a mucous-like substance that is produced by cells in the conjunctiva and outer surface of the eye. (1800getlens.com)
  • The researchers hope that their method and findings will help in tackling other viruses that infect individuals through places like the lungs and respiratory tracts, which have mucin-rich mucous coatings. (phys.org)
  • One of the key features of asthma is an overproduction of a highly sticky protein secreted by the mucous membranes of airways in the lungs, called mucin, which leads to plugging up the small airways and stopping air from traveling in and out of them. (medindia.net)
  • Expression of certain mucin genes in the small bowel mucosa of CD patients is increased and may serve as a diagnostic tool and assist in surveillance programs. (ima.org.il)
  • To evaluate the effect of multipurpose contact lens care solutions (MPSs) on membrane-associated mucins (Muc 1 & 16) expressions in the cornea using SV40 transformed Human corneal epithelial Cells (HCET) and Rat cornea tissue sections. (arvojournals.org)
  • Cornea sections and lysates were prepared from the eyes of the treated rats and used for the immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis of membrane-associated mucins expressions. (arvojournals.org)
  • Western blot results showed that MPSs containing boric acid down-regulate membrane-associated mucins in the cornea while MPSs without boric acid had no effect on membrane-associated mucins. (arvojournals.org)
  • It can cause mild to severe discomfort and damage to the tissues of the surface of the eye-the cornea and conjunctiva. (1800getlens.com)
  • Your doctor will measure how long it takes for dark spots to appear on your cornea, indicating that the tear film has broken up and the surface ofyour eye has become dry at those spots. (1800getlens.com)
  • Mucin helps protect and wet the surface of the cornea. (imedix.com)
  • We have examined surface-functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) within mucin/mucus matrices to gain a better understanding of the mechanical and chemical interactions, as these systems are model nanoparticle-based therapeutics. (confex.com)
  • In addition, we have examined the bulk rheological effects for synthetic mucus solutions-based on pig gastric mucin (PGM) and different stabilizers-in response to GC-Au nanoparticle addition at different concentrations. (confex.com)
  • The fluid consists of mucus with muciphages (macrophages with engulfed mucin), as demonstrated by mucicarmine staining, and other inflammatory cells. (medscape.com)
  • Cell surface receptors containing an immunoglobin domain. (embl.de)
  • Second, mucins often contain a specific sugar, called sialic acid, that could tether the virus to a cell and help position it to bind to receptors on the cell surface . (phys.org)
  • Characterization of surface markers on extracellular vesicles isolated from lymphatic exudate from patients with breast cancer. (gu.se)
  • Tear film parameters, ocular surface characteristics, symptomology and cytology markers were assessed at baseline and day 28. (nih.gov)
  • Considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration and recently approved by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture for use on fresh beef, ALF can be sprayed onto carcasses to help prevent bacterial contamination during processing or can be applied to a subprimal or finished beef surface prior to final packaging to inhibit bacterial growth and extend shelf life. (ift.org)
  • The researchers wanted to deconvolute the ways that the length of mucins, their density on the surface, and the amount of sialic acid could each help or inhibit membrane binding and fusion. (phys.org)
  • Membrane-tethered mucin-like polypeptides sterically inhibit binding and slow fusion kinetics of influenza A virus, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2020). (phys.org)
  • Specifically, glycol-chitosan (GC) surface moieties were added to the Au NPs using a one-pot synthesis method where glycol-chitosan acts as both a stabilizer and a reducing agent. (confex.com)
  • After confirming the successful synthesis of GC-Au nanoparticles, mucin aliquots were added to the GC-Au nanoparticle solution. (confex.com)
  • MUC7 provides an opportunity to assess the broader implications of subexonic repeat variation within the context of the functional evolution of the mucin functional group and primate salivary adaptation. (nature.com)
  • The LCD supplement showed significant improvements in the production, stability and quality of tears by reducing ocular surface damage and tear inflammation and can be used as an adjuvant to artificial tears in subjects with DES. (springer.com)
  • Mucin 1 lies on the tubular cell apical surface and has a role in signal transduction pathways. (medscape.com)
  • Mechanistically, we found that S Tm binds to MUC13 through its giant SiiE adhesin and that MUC13 acts as a pathogen-binding decoy shed from the epithelial cell surface after pathogen engagement, limiting bacterial invasion. (bvsalud.org)
  • Direct immunofluorescence microscopy performed on epithelial biopsy specimen obtained from a patient with pemphigus vulgaris detects immunoglobulin G deposits at the epithelial cell surfaces. (medscape.com)
  • There cannot be a history of long-term contact lens wear or significant ocular surface disease, including prior surgery or trauma [10] . (aao.org)
  • Goblet cells are responsible for secreting mucins onto the surface of the eye. (allaboutvision.com)
  • This is due to the loss of goblet cells and mucin. (allaboutvision.com)
  • First, when cells are infected with viruses, they often begin making a lot more mucins. (phys.org)
  • Combined with previous research, this finding supports a theory that cells make more mucins in response to infection to make a thicker barrier that impedes the flu virus during binding and fusion. (phys.org)
  • Central to their findings was the identification of T helper cells that communicate with mucin-producing cells in the lungs through a small protein called interleukin 9 (IL-9). (medindia.net)
  • Transcorneal but not transpalpebral electrical stimulation disrupts mucin homeostasis of the ocular surface. (harvard.edu)
  • Dry eye disease (DED), also known as dry eye syndrome (DES), keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), and keratitis sicca, is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface due to a loss of homeostasis of the tear film. (medscape.com)
  • By varying pH, complexation time, concentration, and temperature, the stability of the mucin-chitosan Au nanoparticle complexes was evaluated. (confex.com)
  • Multipurpose solutions' composition should be clinically controlled because Mucins play a very important role in the ocular surface integrity maintenance and the tear film stability. (arvojournals.org)
  • However, only the dedicated eyelid cleanser proved effective in reducing ocular surface inflammation, and was the preferred therapy. (nih.gov)
  • It is also associated with inflammation that often leads to ocular surface damage. (springer.com)
  • Mucin provides a protective barrier toward pathogens and lubricates the epithelial surface. (mit.edu)
  • [ 1 , 2 ] Dry eye disease is a common form of ocular surface disease (OSD) and may overlap with other causes of OSD, such as limbal steam cell insufficiency and ocular graft-versus-host disease. (medscape.com)
  • The ocular surface is an integrated anatomical unit consisting of 7 key interactive and interdependent components: the tear film, the lacrimal and accessory lacrimal apparatus, the nasolacrimal drainage system, the eyelids, the bulbar and tarsal conjunctiva, cranial nerve V, and cranial nerve VII. (medscape.com)
  • Mucin expression was significantly increased in small bowel mucosa of CD patients than in normal small bowel mucosa (odds ratio [OR] 7.974, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] (1.599-39.763), P = 0.011] (random-effect model). (ima.org.il)
  • However, CF respiratory epithelia did not show increased production of mucins or IL-8. (unige.ch)
  • The cyst wall also has free mucin in the connective tissue stroma. (medscape.com)
  • Special stains, mucicarmine and Alcian blue, are useful in identifying mucin that is free in the tissue or in the foamy macrophages. (medscape.com)
  • Since microabrasion provides both erosive and abrasive challenges by an acid, and abrasive and mechanical application, it is expected that the enamel surface will undergo mineral loss due to demineralization, in which saliva and its components have a role in maintaining the integrity of the tissue 8-10 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Apart from being an acidic medium containing an assortment of antimicrobial molecules including antibodies (IgA and IgG), mucins, β-defensins, secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), surfactant protein etc. (frontiersin.org)
  • To assess current knowledge of mucin expression in the small bowel of celiac disease (CD) patients and to determine possible associations between mucin profile and gluten-free diet. (ima.org.il)
  • 2009. Genomic organization and expression profile of the mucin-associated surface protein (masp) family of the human pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi. . (umd.edu)
  • Diagnosis is based on inspection, probing of the enamel surface with a fine metal instrument, and dental x-rays. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, little is known about the effects of the microabrasive systems used on enamel surface, such as roughness and microhardness 6-7 and its behavior in the oral environment in contact with saliva. (bvsalud.org)
  • The in situ models are more accessible than the in vivo studies and are considered reliable as they allow the control of some clinical variables 8 , e.g. in relation to the standardization of the enamel surface to be treated with microabrasion and exposed to the oral environment. (bvsalud.org)
  • The use of artificial saliva in studies about demineralization creates an optimum environment for the mineral recovery of enamel surface, since it contains only mineral ions in its composition 14 . (bvsalud.org)
  • This further implicates the cell surface mucin family in mucosal defense from bacterial infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • Secreted by the liver, bile is composed largely of bile salts, bile pigments and small amounts of organic materials such as cholesterol, lecithin, fatty acid and mucin. (cdc.gov)
  • In the study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on May 26, chemistry graduate students and co-lead authors Bette Webster and Corleone Delaveris made synthetic versions of wild mucins and anchored them to lab-made membranes. (phys.org)
  • Morphological characteristics of these hybrid systems were examined using TEM, and net-surface charge effects of the nanoparticle interacting with mucin was characterized by z-potential measurements. (confex.com)
  • Production of mucin is normally tightly controlled, but too much of it can be damaging," he said. (medindia.net)
  • This, in turn, leads to massive production of mucin in the airways, eventually clogging them up. (medindia.net)
  • BACKGROUND & AIMS: MUC13 cell surface mucin is highly expressed on the mucosal surface throughout the intestine, yet its role against bacterial infection is unknown. (bvsalud.org)
  • The microabrasion technique is a treatment to achieve dental esthetics in cases of superficial tooth stains and enamel decalcification and defects, improving color and surface texture of the tooth 1-2 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Membrane-associated mucins are one of the major components of the ocular surface that play a vital role in the maintenance of the ocular surface integrity. (arvojournals.org)
  • 14 As the strongest antigen presenting cell (APCs), DCs play an important role in the immunity of the ocular surface. (bmj.com)
  • Mucin-4 may play a role in regulating cellular adhesion and in cell surface signaling from the ERBB-2 RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE. (bvsalud.org)
  • It also contains a chemical that is similar to mucin found in the eye. (imedix.com)
  • They found that increasing the density of mucins on the surface inhibited two major steps of influenza A infection. (phys.org)
  • They found that a dense coat of mucins hindered binding and slowed down fusion. (phys.org)
  • Once they've been cleaned, the snails are transferred onto mesh holders with large containers underneath that carefully collect mucin as it's secreted. (today.com)
  • Using CDR shuffling, residues important for the assembly of mucin-1 specific paratopes were defined by random recombination of the complementarity determining regions derived from a set of mucin-1 specific clones, previously selected from an antibody fragment library. (lu.se)
  • GalNAc-T isozyme surface charge governs charge substrate preferences to modulate mucin type O-glycosylation. (araid.es)
  • Eleven human and one bird GalNAc-Ts were initially characterized revealing a range of preferences for net positive, net negative, or for unique combinations of flanking N- and/or C-terminal charge, correlating to each isozyme's different electrostatic surface potential. (araid.es)
  • This work provides foundational information on interactions between surface-functionalized nanoparticles and biopolymers, which is important in developing next-generation biomedical therapeutics and theranostics. (confex.com)
  • One study estimated that there are an average of 17000 viral copies per sputum sample collected during a typical cough, which could be deposited on the surfaces of foods or food packaging (Yu, 2020). (food.gov.uk)
  • We conducted a laboratory-based study artificially contaminating infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus onto the surfaces of foods and food packaging. (food.gov.uk)
  • Aim: This study evaluated saliva effects on enamel morphology surface after microabrasion technique. (bvsalud.org)