• Bacteria have been shown to regulate moisture content in soil through the secretion of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), a polymeric substance whose properties vary with bacterial species and environmental conditions. (aiche.org)
  • The mechanism whereby EPS promotes increased moisture content may include (i) water being held within the swelling polymer matrix during wet conditions and remaining hydrated during dry soil conditions, (ii) promotion of soil particle aggregation which increases the capillary forces on water in small intra-particle soil pores, and (iii) altered soil surface properties, including soil water repellency. (aiche.org)
  • Furthermore, microstructure geometry was found to control the spatial distribution of moisture within soil micromodels. (aiche.org)
  • Future studies should focus on the effects that different chemical constituents found in bacterial secretions may have on moisture retention using this emulated soil micromodel approach. (aiche.org)
  • Simulating AOGCM Soil Moisture Using an Off-Line Thornthwaite Potential Evapotranspiration-Based Land Surface Scheme. (ametsoc.org)
  • Soil moisture: A residual problem underlying AGCMs. (ametsoc.org)
  • Analysis of the relationship between bare soil evaporation and soil moisture simulated by 13 land surface schemes for a simple non-vegetated site. (ametsoc.org)
  • Climate Prediction Center global monthly soil moisture data set at 0.5° resolution for 1948 to present. (ametsoc.org)
  • Root zone soil moisture (0-1m) is an important variable for hydrological and weather forecast models. (confex.com)
  • Its prediction accuracy depends on a good initialization of soil moisture because it regulates the energy and mass balance exchange between land surface and atmosphere. (confex.com)
  • Observations from recent (or near future) soil moisture missions (e.g. (confex.com)
  • SMOS/SMAP) have been (or will be) used in innovative studies to provide high spatial (i.e. 40 km) and temporal resolution (i.e. 3-days) soil moisture estimates from brightness temperature observations. (confex.com)
  • However, these missions are only sensitive to near-surface soil moisture (0 5 cm). (confex.com)
  • In this work we have investigated the potential for using TWS and brightness temperature observations to improve root zone soil moisture. (confex.com)
  • The ensemble-based assimilation scheme is used to disaggregate the GRACE observations in space and time (from observation to model resolution scales), and also to vertically decompose the observations into individual land surface moisture components (i.e.: groundwater, surface and root zone soil moisture). (confex.com)
  • Model estimates with and without observations assimilation are compared against independent measurements of groundwater and soil moisture over the Continental U.S. Results suggest that the joint assimilation of GRACE and SMPOS data has the potential to improve soil moisture estimates. (confex.com)
  • Remotely sensed data offers new ways to study how hydrologic variables such as precipitation, surface soil moisture (SSM), and pore-water pressure within a landslide behave and respond to changes in each other. (pdx.edu)
  • A geostatistical approach to map near-surface soil moisture through hyperspatial resolution thermal inertia. (crossref.org)
  • More significantly, moreover, variation in soil gas composition due to seasonal, or even daily, temperature and/or moisture change can influence the rate of soil respiration. (wikipedia.org)
  • Soil moisture and precipitation analysis to identify prolonged drought. (google.com)
  • Learn how to visualize and analyze SMAP soil moisture data. (google.com)
  • Important parameters that characterize the ecological properties of soils are: usable field-moisture capacity, aertion, cation exchange capacity, pH values, effective rooting depth, and summer moisture level. (berlin.de)
  • Usable field-moisture capacity is a measure for the amount of water in soil available to plants. (berlin.de)
  • Built a hierarchy of machine-learning models of varying complexity to examine the relative importance of global air temperatures, daily indices of synoptic meteorology & time-averaged soil moisture (SM) to correct characterization of the variability of equivalent potential temperature (θE). (energy.gov)
  • Surface soil/sediment - and any vegetation on it - could be removed to create a new bare surface for plants to colonize. (conservationevidence.com)
  • We found no studies that evaluated the effects, on vegetation, of removing surface soil/sediment to restore or create brackish/saline swamps. (conservationevidence.com)
  • For soils from different climate regions, different parent material and different vegetation forms, a large range of bASi content in soils (0.1 to ~ 6%) was found 22 . (nature.com)
  • Determine the influence of topographic features on soil productivity, land protection and native vegetation. (uidaho.edu)
  • Wildfire reduces the spatial variability of soil erodibility associated with unburned watersheds by eliminating the complex effects of vegetation in protecting soils and by reducing the range of cohesion associated with different types of unburned soils. (usgs.gov)
  • These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. (lu.se)
  • In agricultural soils, bASi pools declined to values of ~1% or lower) due to yearly crop harvest, decreasing water holding capacity of the soils. (nature.com)
  • In summary, drought stress of plants (due to low soil water availability) is a main issue for terrestrial ecosystem performance and global agricultural yield. (nature.com)
  • Mollisols are among some of the most important and productive agricultural soils in the world and are extensively used for this purpose. (uidaho.edu)
  • The purpose of the Soil and Land Career Development Event is to teach participants to recognize soil factors and assess soil characteristics that affect agricultural production practices and suitability for selecting a home site. (uidaho.edu)
  • The pH values of agricultural soils are higher because of fertilizers and liming. (berlin.de)
  • Despite the locally high fire intensity (N15.000kWm-1 in some places), soil physical changeswere not observed: topsoil bulk density, organic matter, porosity and saturated conductivity did not significantly change, likely because soil temperatures stayedlow with the 0.5 cm depth not exceeding 32.5 °C. Soil surface characteristics did change: Manning's n and randomroughness both decreased, increasing the risk and erosivity of overland flow. (wur.nl)
  • 2002). Stripping topsoil can have counter-intuitive effects, such as increasing ammonium concentrations because nitrifying bacteria, which break down ammonia, are removed with the soil (Dorland 2004). (conservationevidence.com)
  • A soil profile is exposed to allow participants to examine soil depth, topsoil depth and soil structure. (uidaho.edu)
  • Other white nails may be used in the flagged area for topsoil present or depth of soil. (uidaho.edu)
  • The greater humus and clay contents in the topsoil give luvisols (para-brown soils) a distinctively greater nutrient supply than podzoluvisols (leached soils). (berlin.de)
  • These external inputs may include organic fertilizers, manure, plant residues, topsoil, or natural input processes such as erosion of a sloping soil and sediment-rich carbon deposition on a soil located on a lower landscape position or in a waterway. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The soil atmosphere's variable composition and constant motion can be attributed to chemical processes such as diffusion, decomposition, and, in some regions of the world, thawing, among other processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Under thin soil or exposed bedrock water tends to run off, reducing the chance of the decomposition of bedrock. (wikipedia.org)
  • This bASi returns back to the soil by littler fall and litter decomposition. (nature.com)
  • A landscaping contractor wants to change the texture of a silt loam soil to meet the specifications for a loam. (proprofs.com)
  • To change the texture of a silt loam soil to meet the specifications for a loam, adding sand to the soil and mixing it well would be the most likely solution. (proprofs.com)
  • While many scientists have investigated the adsorption of divalent metals, such as lead and copper, onto bacterial surfaces found in soils and sediments, a knowledge gap currently exists in understanding how trivalent lanthanides impact these dynamic subsurface transport processes. (escholarship.org)
  • Accounting for post-tillage changes in soil structure and related hydraulic properties could greatly improve model predictions of hydrological and transport processes. (slu.se)
  • Unlike the atmosphere, moreover, soil gas composition is less stagnant due to the various chemical and biological processes taking place in the soil. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both processes hydrate the soil and increase nutrient availability leading to an increase in microbial activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, for processes such as soil thawing and rewetting, for example, large sudden changes in soil respiration can cause increased flux of soil gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, which are greenhouse gases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Earth Surface Processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • C. The changes in critical shear stress with temperature were found to be essentially independent of soil type and suggest that erosion processes in burned watersheds can be modeled more simply than erosion processes in unburned watersheds. (usgs.gov)
  • GOSSYM, a mechanistic, process-level cotton crop simulation model, has a two-dimensional (2D) gridded soil model called Rhizos that simulates the below-ground processes daily. (nature.com)
  • This report discusses improvements made to the GOSSYM model for soil, photosynthesis, and transpiration processes. (nature.com)
  • GOSSYM's predictions of below-ground processes using Rhizos are improved by replacing it with 2DSOIL, a mechanistic 2D finite element soil process model. (nature.com)
  • Modified GOSSYM improved the simulation of soil, photosynthesis, and transpiration processes, thereby improving the predictive ability of cotton crop growth and development. (nature.com)
  • The main purpose of our research is to contribute with fundamental knowledge about the complex processes that take place at naturally occurring interfaces in soil and water, thereby contributing to the basic understanding of our environment. (lu.se)
  • NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander scraped the icy soil of the "Wonderland" area on June 26, confirming that subsurface soil and icy soil can be sampled at a single trench. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • The implementation of the IFMS has reduced the forest canopy cover, disturbed the surface soil, changed the soil hydraulic properties, and increased direct runoff and soil erosion. (mdpi.com)
  • Previous studies reported on the significant increase in erosion after this fire, and discussed the role of reduced canopy interception and changed soil water repellency dynamics. (wur.nl)
  • Our objective was to assess whether fire-induced changes in soil physical properties and soil surface characteristics may have played an additional role in the increase in runoff and erosion observed after the fire. (wur.nl)
  • Results indicate that soil physical changes unlikely contributed to the increase in post-fire erosion observed in the catchment and that a highintensity winter burn does not necessarily lead to severe soil changes. (wur.nl)
  • To predict and to model erosion on a landscape scale requires knowledge of the critical shear stress for the initiation of motion of soil particles. (usgs.gov)
  • No-till systems on sloping and eroding sites retain more soil organic carbon in the surface from 0 to 15 centimeters when compared to moldboard as a result of less disturbance and less soil erosion and transport of soil organic carbon-rich sediment off the plots. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Soil Erosion and Conservation, 3rdedition. (lu.se)
  • The presence of small amounts of EPS have been shown to significantly increase water retention in the rhizosphere soil compared with nearby bulk soil that is lacking EPS. (aiche.org)
  • Here we employed emulated soil micromodels with systematically controlled EPS effects such as soil structure and surface properties to better elucidate the mechanism for EPS-mediated water retention in the rhizosphere. (aiche.org)
  • Soil/sediment removal can also make a site wetter, by bringing the surface closer to the water table, increasing the frequency/duration of tidal flooding, or increasing the water depth in an already flooded site. (conservationevidence.com)
  • The "Global Gridded Surfaces of Selected Soil Characteristics (IGBP-DIS)" data set contains 7 data surfaces: soil-carbon density, total nitrogen density, field capacity, wilting point, profile available water capacity, thermal capacity, and bulk density. (ornl.gov)
  • It can generate maps and output data sets for a range of original and derived soil parameters, such as carbon and nitrogen density, thermal conductivity, and water-holding capacity, for any part of the world at user-selected depth ranges. (ornl.gov)
  • Influence of the realistic description of soil water-holding capacity of the global water cycle in a GCM. (ametsoc.org)
  • Global distribution of plant-extractable water capacity of soil. (ametsoc.org)
  • Future African water resources: Interactions between soil degradation and global warming. (ametsoc.org)
  • The new approach to the solution of the problem concerning the soil purification from oil using surplus activated sludge as a biopreparation-destructor produced during biological water treatment is offered. (iwaponline.com)
  • The problem of surface waste water treatment is mostly defined by the quality of soil that contacts with such water ( Ksenofontov 2010 , 2011 ). (iwaponline.com)
  • Concentration of oil and oil refining products in surface waste water that gets in contact with oil-contaminated soil. (iwaponline.com)
  • Such microorganisms-destructors can be used for different biotechnologies of liquidation toxic substances and purification of contaminated soil and water. (iwaponline.com)
  • To improve the surface water quality of the 2,493 ha (6,160 ac) Coulee Baton watershed in Louisiana, a collaborative nonpoint source pollution control study was initiated in 2004. (jswconline.org)
  • Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. (jswconline.org)
  • Message Body (Your Name) thought you would like to see the Journal of Soil and Water Conservation web site. (jswconline.org)
  • This dissertation demonstrates the power of surface complexation and reactive transport modeling to allow for future engineering designs that can improve the efficacy of rare earth element bio-extraction and separation from geothermal fluid and mining leachate feedstocks.Bacterial surfaces can also play an important role in soils, surface water, and subsurface geologic systems, where the cell surface-based ligands can adsorb various metals. (escholarship.org)
  • In this numerical modeling study, both methods were compared to determine how soil texture, environmental conditions (water content, temperature), and CH 4 leak rates into the soil profile influenced in-soil CH 4 concentration and surface CH 4 flux rates. (ucpress.edu)
  • Nitrogen is a key corn fertilizer, and keeping it from escaping fields and making its way into ground and surface water is a major challenge in places like southeastern Minnesota. (landstewardshipproject.org)
  • The spaces between the solid soil particles, if they do not contain water, are filled with air. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gases fill soil pores in the soil structure as water drains or is removed from a soil pore by evaporation or root absorption. (wikipedia.org)
  • This aeration network becomes blocked when water enters soil pores. (wikipedia.org)
  • Not only are both soil air and soil water very dynamic parts of soil, but both are often inversely related. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite this spatial- and temporal-dependent fluctuation, soil gases typically boast greater concentrations of carbon dioxide and water vapor in comparison to the atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
  • The effects of prolonged exposure to dry surface soil on the capacity of roots to take up water and phosphorus were examined in mycorrhizal sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) seedlings grown in pots with upper and lower portions separated hydraulically. (psu.edu)
  • Soil water depletion was monitored using time-domain reflectrometry. (psu.edu)
  • Similar to the first experiment, localized drought had no effect on P uptake and soil water depletion in citrus roots compared to continuously irrigated plants. (psu.edu)
  • Thus, citrus roots exposed to extended periods of dry soil apparently maintain or very quickly recover P and water uptake capacity. (psu.edu)
  • The high flux of soil and rock-derived nutrients leading to algal blooms could have caused oxygen depletion in the shallow surface water. (atlas.jp)
  • Expansion of the oxygen minimum zone could have induced deep-surface water anoxia. (atlas.jp)
  • The low oxygen surface water accompanied by the shortage of bioessential elements and massive soil, mud, and nutrient intrusion in the oceans contributed to the main extinction. (atlas.jp)
  • The reduction of weathering rate with thickening of soil is related to the exponential decrease of temperature amplitude with increasing depth below the soil surface, and also the exponential decrease in average water penetration (for freely-drained soils). (wikipedia.org)
  • The capacity of soils to hold water is a highly important factor controlling drought stress intensity for plants. (nature.com)
  • Here, we assessed the contribution of bASi to water holding capacity (WHC) of soil. (nature.com)
  • Our results suggest that soil management should be modified to increase bASi content, enhancing available water in soils and potentially decreasing drought stress for plants in terrestrial ecosystems. (nature.com)
  • During longer drought periods the soil water storage decreases to values at which water is no longer available for plants, leading to severe drought stress and wilting 7 . (nature.com)
  • A key function controlling the plant available water content in soils is the water retention curve (WRC), which describes the capacity of soils to hold water at different water potentials 8 . (nature.com)
  • However, a comprehensive picture of the effect of ASi content on water holding capacity of soils is still missing. (nature.com)
  • The soil ASi content was suggestd to be positively related to the soil water holding capacity of soils and with this the amount of plant available water. (nature.com)
  • However, no study has analyzed the interdependency between soil ASi content and soil water holding capacity, yet. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the importance of soil ASi contents for water holding capacity and water supply to plants. (nature.com)
  • Subsurface tile drainage is used to lower a seasonal water table and reduce the amount of time the upper root zone is saturated, thereby facilitating the use of these soils for crop production. (uidaho.edu)
  • These soils have formed in loamy and sandy alluvium and have a water table at or near the surface for much of the year. (uidaho.edu)
  • Because of the high water table, most of these soils remain in native grasses and are used for hay production and grazing. (uidaho.edu)
  • Permeability is slow, and water ponds on the surface after heavy rains and snow melt. (uidaho.edu)
  • Define and understand soil and water conservation practices. (uidaho.edu)
  • The officials set climatic conditions, soil test information and other factors such as flooding and water table information that are not obvious. (uidaho.edu)
  • Water to moisten soil will be provided as needed. (uidaho.edu)
  • This is slowly moving seepage water and retained water in the coarse and medium pores of soil. (berlin.de)
  • Soil water in the fine pores (dead water) is subject to high water tension and cannot be taken up by plants. (berlin.de)
  • The amount of water stored in the soil is determined by pore volume, pore size distribution, grain size composition, and humus levels. (berlin.de)
  • Other factors are grain size composition, structure, and the water content of the soil. (berlin.de)
  • Effective cation exchange capacity, air and water conditions, biological activity, and redox properties, etc. are important factors for an evaluation of nutrient levels actually available in the soil. (berlin.de)
  • Effective rooting depth is the depth in the soil where plants can draw water. (berlin.de)
  • Are those heavy soils really suddenly waterlogged, or is it just surface water sitting on top of a compacted soil layer which is hiding drought-induced cracks further down? (soilandwater.co)
  • Cracks in the soil, which open up when the soil is particularly dry, provide "preferential pathways" allowing water to flow much faster than it would through non-cracked soil, rapidly transporting nutrients and pesticides beyond the crops' root-zone. (soilandwater.co)
  • We showed that soil cracks that developed in dry periods remain open as preferential flow paths, even after the cracks are visually closed," said lead author Dr Anna-Katrin Greve, a postdoctoral fellow with UNSW 's Connected Water s Initiative. (soilandwater.co)
  • She found, however, that lower water application / irrigation intensity will give soil cracks time to close and more frequent irrigations could prevent the soil cracks from reforming. (soilandwater.co)
  • Ritchie 4 developed the equations for evapotranspiration and soil water balance, and Jones et al. (nature.com)
  • In many soil profiles, the subsoil is high in clay, but is also quite permeable to percolating water. (proprofs.com)
  • Prismatic structure refers to the arrangement of soil particles in the shape of columns, which creates large pores and allows for better water movement and drainage. (proprofs.com)
  • The giardia parasite lives in soil, food, and water. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This is likely low enough for some to be found in soluble form in surface water, but at the same time high enough to bioconcentrate effectively. (janusinfo.se)
  • Increasingly, adventurous travel and "mud run" sports or races involving fresh water or soil exposure put humans at risk. (medscape.com)
  • Migrating gas from the wellbore can impact groundwater, soils, and result in emissions to the atmosphere. (ucpress.edu)
  • Soils vary greatly in their ecological properties , depending on parent substrate, grain size, composition, humus contents, relief profiles and depth to groundwater. (berlin.de)
  • Moreover, it was demonstrated to be eliminated during river bank filtration and in groundwater, also in soil. (janusinfo.se)
  • The results of this investigation showed that the annual average of the daily mean particulate matter values recorded by monitoring stations deployed near the PV systems are the best soiling predictors, with coefficients of determination ( R 2 ) as high as 0.82. (osti.gov)
  • Two common measurement techniques include the shallow in-soil gas concentration approach and soil surface flux measurements using flux chambers. (ucpress.edu)
  • We also evaluated field measurements of carbon dioxide from an enhanced oil recovery site to demonstrate how seasonal conditions can influence concentrations of trace gases in shallow soil. (ucpress.edu)
  • This method involves a shallow well drilled into the soil to measure the concentration of gaseous species at a given depth (often 50 cm). (ucpress.edu)
  • Rendolls - These shallow soils occur in humid climates and consist of very dark A horizons (mollic epipedons) directly overlying CaCO3-rich parent material. (uidaho.edu)
  • The nutrient supply of forest plantation soils in the shallow root zone down to 0.3 m depth is low to moderate. (berlin.de)
  • deep in the soil the temperature is constant. (okstate.edu)
  • The damping depth is the depth at which the amplitude of the soil temperature oscillation is only 37% (1/ e ) as large as the amplitude at the soil surface. (okstate.edu)
  • The damping depth equation above helps us see that the soil temperature oscillations associated with the annual cycle (period = 365 days) penetrate deeper in the soil than those associated with the daily cycle (period = 1 day). (okstate.edu)
  • Plotting Eq. 13-4 helps us to visualize some fundamental aspects of soil temperature dynamics. (okstate.edu)
  • Figure 13-6 shows the soil temperature dynamics simulated using Eq. 13-4 for transmission of a daily temperature wave in a soil with a thermal diffusivity of 0.50 x 10 -6 m 2 s -1 (18 cm 2 h -1 ) and damping depth of 11.7 cm. (okstate.edu)
  • First, you can see that the amplitude of the soil temperature oscillation decreases exponentially with depth (Fig. 13‑6). (okstate.edu)
  • In this example, the soil temperatures at 30 and 40 cm reach their respective maximums during the night or early morning, when the surface temperature is near its minimum. (okstate.edu)
  • Simulated transmission of a daily soil temperature wave to depths of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 cm in a soil with a thermal diffusivity of 0.50 x 10 -6 m 2 s -1 (18 cm 2 h -1 ) and damping depth of 11.7 cm. (okstate.edu)
  • Simulated soil temperature profiles at various times in the year for a soil with average temperature of 10 °C for all depths and an amplitude of 10 °C for the annual oscillation at the soil surface. (okstate.edu)
  • We can also use Eq. 13-4 to visualize soil temperature versus depth at defined times. (okstate.edu)
  • During the winter, the coldest temperature is at the soil surface, and the soil heat flux is upwards towards the surface, i.e. negative (Fig. 13‑7). (okstate.edu)
  • As this soil property is temperature-dependent, a quantitative relation between critical shear stress and the temperatures to which the soils have been subjected during a wildfire is required. (usgs.gov)
  • Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km 2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. (lu.se)
  • These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km 2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major. (lu.se)
  • These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km 2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). (lu.se)
  • We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. (lu.se)
  • Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications. (lu.se)
  • Soil gases (soil atmosphere) are the gases found in the air space between soil components. (wikipedia.org)
  • The composition of gases present in the soil's pores, referred to commonly as the soil atmosphere or atmosphere of the soil, is similar to that of the Earth's atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diffusion of soil air with the atmosphere causes the preferential replacement of soil gases with atmospheric air. (wikipedia.org)
  • Soil gases have been used for multiple scientific studies to explore topics such as microseepage, earthquakes, and gaseous exchange between the soil and the atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lunar soil is the fine fraction of lunar regolith found on the surface of the Moon and contributes to the Moon's tenuous atmosphere . (wikipedia.org)
  • As the Moon's fine surface layer, lunar soil is picked up by even weak natural phenomena active at the Moon's surface, allowing it to be part of the Moon's scant atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is some evidence that the Moon has a tenuous layer of moving dust particles constantly leaping up from and falling back to the Moon's surface, giving rise to a "dust atmosphere" that looks static but is composed of dust particles in constant motion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aeration of the soil includes gas exchange by diffusion between the atmosphere and soil. (berlin.de)
  • This research re-emphasizes the importance of atmosphere-surface exchange to extreme heat events in the eastern USA. (energy.gov)
  • The team proposed the definition of soil sequestration be: the process of transferring CO2 from the atmosphere into the soil of a land unit through unit plants, plant residues, and other organic solids, which are stored or retained in the unit as part of the soil organic matter (humus). (sciencedaily.com)
  • To claim soil organic carbon sequestration, management practices must lead to an increase in the net soil organic carbon from a previous pre-treatment baseline measurement and result in a net reduction in the CO2 levels in the atmosphere. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Carbon not directly originated from the atmosphere (from outside the land unit) cannot be counted as sequestered soil organic carbon. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The newly developed model (modified GOSSYM) is evaluated using field-scale and experimental data from SPAR (soil-plant-atmosphere-research) chambers. (nature.com)
  • The precipitation pattern was also found to be relevant: among the different meteorological parameters, the average length of dry periods had the best correlation with the soiling ratio. (osti.gov)
  • Flux measurements were more useful for determining severity of the CH 4 leak into the soil and allowed us to differentiate between leak and nonleak scenarios in soils with biological CH 4 production which could complicate a GM assessment. (ucpress.edu)
  • Subtle changes in the local soil environment can strongly influence measurements, even over short distances, and introduce substantial uncertainty. (ucpress.edu)
  • By looking at the three different track designs: engineered profile, engineered profile with fiber, and native soil, appropriate testing parameters and measurements were identified. (cdc.gov)
  • For acetochlor, laboratory dissipation studies can be considered representative of field dissipation for the soils and climatic conditions in this study. (umn.edu)
  • To study fire impact in relation to fire intensity and post-fire soil exposure, a 9-ha Portuguese shrubland catchmentwas burned by experimental fire in the 2008/9 winter season. (wur.nl)
  • Exposure to dry soil had no appreciable effect on P uptake capacity. (psu.edu)
  • This behaviour is consistent with an overall rooting strategy where essentially no surface roots are shed following prolonged exposure to dry soil. (psu.edu)
  • the result was exposure of the icy flat surface below the soil. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • The purpose of this health consultation is to determine if exposure to arsenic, lead, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in residential surface soil or garden produce in the Collegeville, Harriman Park, and Fairmont communities is a public health hazard for people who live in or visit the area. (cdc.gov)
  • PCBs inresidential soil present a public health hazard of cancerous and non-cancerous healtheffects for persons with prolonged exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • A definitive analysis of the impact on public health of lead-contaminated soil is limited often by a lack of information on human exposure factors and soil conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • In regions of the world where freezing of soils or drought is common, soil thawing and rewetting due to seasonal or meteorological changes influences soil gas flux. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biogenic amorphous silica (bASi) pools in soils are in the range of 0-6% and are suggested to help plants to resist drought. (nature.com)
  • Investigation of the IFMS impact on soil hydraulic properties and the generation of surface runoff using a saturated hydraulic conductivity model is needed. (mdpi.com)
  • This new surface may have fewer nutrients and pollutants, have no undesirable seed bank, and have a looser surface. (conservationevidence.com)
  • In connection with this problem the task of soil purification from different pollutants including the most widespread substances, for example petroleum hydrocarbons, has to be solved ( Margesin & Schinner 2001 ). (iwaponline.com)
  • In this paper, biomarkers were applied for identification of oil-type pollutants in surface soil and their microbial changes were investigated. (ac.rs)
  • Steranes, and triterpanes were used for identification and differentiation of oil-type pollutants in surface soil. (ac.rs)
  • TY - JOUR AU - Grujić, Svetlana AU - Jovančićević, Branimir AU - Polić, Predrag S. AU - Wehner, H. PY - 2003 UR - http://TechnoRep.tmf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5396 AB - In this paper, biomarkers were applied for identification of oil-type pollutants in surface soil and their microbial changes were investigated. (ac.rs)
  • article{ author = "Grujić, Svetlana and Jovančićević, Branimir and Polić, Predrag S. and Wehner, H.", year = "2003", abstract = "In this paper, biomarkers were applied for identification of oil-type pollutants in surface soil and their microbial changes were investigated. (ac.rs)
  • Grujić S, Jovančićević B, Polić PS, Wehner H. Biomarkers of oil-type pollutants in surface soil. (ac.rs)
  • Results of search for 'su:{Soil pollutants, Radioactive. (who.int)
  • Such interactions and reactions determine, for example, the transport and bioavailability of nutrients and pollutants in the environment, and whether soil organic material breaks down into carbon dioxide or is stored in soils for longer periods of time. (lu.se)
  • These earthworms bioturbate soils and may enhance physical interactions between minerals and organic matter (OM), thus affecting mineral sorption of carbon (C) which may affect C cycling. (stroudcenter.org)
  • In general, soil bacterial surfaces have been shown to have particularly strong electrostatic interactions with rare earths, implying that these trivalent metals can act as important controls over the transport of divalent metals. (escholarship.org)
  • These fluxes and interactions between soil gases and atmospheric air can further be analyzed by distance from the soil surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • Firstly, the energy circle is used to analyze the sound field distribution characteristics of the sensor in cropland soil. (hindawi.com)
  • Derived surfaces of selected soil characteristics are suitable for modeling and inventory purposes. (ornl.gov)
  • for instance, the scientists want to know whether some ice in the soil has been liquid in the past, at times when the Martian climate was warmer. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Contrary to our hypotheses, mineral surface areas within A horizons were lowered because earthworm burrows only extended into the silt-rich loess that separated the A and clay-rich B horizons. (stroudcenter.org)
  • Loess of varying thickness overlies glacial drift, and these serve as the dominant soil parent materials. (uidaho.edu)
  • Drummer soils are the most extensive soils in the state and have formed in loess, silty sediments and glacial drift on nearly level outwash plains, terraces and till plains. (uidaho.edu)
  • 3000 distinct observations of abundance of soil fungi versus bacteria) to generate the first quantitative map of soil fungal proportion across terrestrial ecosystems. (copernicus.org)
  • Mollisols (from Latin mollis , "soft") are the soils of grassland ecosystems. (uidaho.edu)
  • The composition of the Earth's surface and the properties of ecosystems are intimately linked to the biogeochemical cycles of the elements. (lu.se)
  • Second, you can see that the maximum (and minimum) temperatures occur progressively later as the soil depth increases. (okstate.edu)
  • By recording the times at which daily maximum (or minimum) temperatures occur for two different soil depths, we can estimate the thermal diffusivity for the soil between those depths. (okstate.edu)
  • Podzoluvisols (leached soils) occur mainly in forest areas. (berlin.de)
  • Seed position or seed distribution in the soil is an essential performance indicator of seed drills, since seed absence affects the subsequent crop performance. (hindawi.com)
  • Another bonus is that the oats are serving as a nurse crop to a seeding of clover, which will fix nitrogen, further build soil, and serve as a source of forage for livestock. (landstewardshipproject.org)
  • Determine how physical and chemical soil properties affect crop growth. (uidaho.edu)
  • We hypothesized that mineral surface area in A horizons would increase as burrowing earthworms incorporated clay minerals from the B horizons and that enhanced contacts between OM and minerals would increase the OM sorption on mineral surfaces and mineral-associated C inventories in A horizons. (stroudcenter.org)
  • X-ray tomography was used to quantify changes in surface and total porosity, pore size distribution (PSD) and connectivity of structural pores.Total porosity decreased (by 2-24%) in all soils except for two clay soils where in one case the porosity increased slightly (3%) and remained unchanged in the other. (slu.se)
  • Clay, compost, and humus may also be beneficial for soil improvement, but in this case, adding sand is the most appropriate choice. (proprofs.com)
  • This structure is often found in clay-rich soils and contributes to their permeability despite the high clay content. (proprofs.com)
  • Given the importance of both soil gases to soil life, significant fluctuation of carbon dioxide and oxygen can result in changes in rate of decay, while changes in microbial abundance can inversely influence soil gas composition. (wikipedia.org)
  • How Do Ground Litter and Canopy Regulate Surface Runoff? (mdpi.com)
  • Due to the immense spatiotemporal variability of soils and uncertainty in measurement practice, the detection and quantification of GM emissions is a challenge. (ucpress.edu)
  • Only weak correlations were found between the changes in total porosity and soil texture and organic carbon content. (slu.se)
  • The primary soil gases are nitrogen, carbon dioxide and oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to the USDA, soil respiration refers to the quantity of carbon dioxide released from soil. (wikipedia.org)
  • For the past 20 years, researchers have published soil organic carbon sequestration rates. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Many of the research findings have suggested that soil organic carbon can be sequestered by simply switching from moldboard or conventional tillage systems to no-till systems. (sciencedaily.com)
  • However, there is a growing body of research with evidence that no-till systems in corn and soybean rotations without cover crops, small grains, and forages may not be increasing soil organic carbon stocks at the published rates. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Some studies have shown that both moldboard and no-till systems are actually losing soil organic carbon stocks over time," said University of Illinois soil scientist Ken Olson who led the review. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The review was conducted by a team of senior researchers from universities in Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Ohio who studied the published soil science and tillage literature related to soil organic carbon sequestration, storage, retention, and loss. (sciencedaily.com)
  • After examining hundreds of original research and summary papers, 120 papers on all sides of the soil organic carbon sequestration, storage, retention, and loss issue were selected for review and analysis. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Olson explained that the difference between the no-till and moldboard plots at the end of a long-term study is only a measure of net soil organic carbon storage difference between treatments and does not support soil organic carbon sequestration claims. (sciencedaily.com)
  • That no-till subsurface layer is often losing more soil organic carbon stock over time than is gained in the surface layer. (sciencedaily.com)
  • During the analysis of the work, Olson said that it became apparent that there were a number of reasons for the conflicting findings, including the definition of soil organic carbon sequestration used by different researchers. (sciencedaily.com)
  • and relying on an assumption that after 100 years of cultivation and before the tillage treatment was applied that the soil organic carbon had dropped 20 to 50 percent but was now at a steady state. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The SoilData System generates soil information and maps for geographic regions at soil depths and resolutions selected by the user. (ornl.gov)
  • Third, you can see that the depth at which the soil is warmest (or coldest) changes constantly, with each of the plotted depths being the warmest depth in the soil profile for at least a small portion of the day. (okstate.edu)
  • Soil samples, collected at two depths from four representative sites of a 31.4-ha field located in Blue Earth County, MN, USA, were used to determine acetochlor dissipation under laboratory conditions. (umn.edu)
  • Phosphorus ( 32 P) was added at various depths in the soil in the upper compartment and uptake was assessed by non-destructively counting beta particle emissions from leaves using a scintillation probe. (psu.edu)
  • Mineralogy and organic content were determined for samples from each surface using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and loss on ignition. (cdc.gov)
  • For the characterization of soil surface roughness, we calculated two different roughness indices (the RMS height s and the autocorrelation length l) differing significantly for each scale. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • This work contributes to the currently existing knowledge gap whereby soil transport of divalent metals may significantly be affected by the presence of even low concentrations of trivalent rare earth elements. (escholarship.org)
  • In six of the soils, the PSD shifted significantly towards smaller pore sizes, and in four of these soils the connectivity of the pore network decreased. (slu.se)
  • Lunar soil differs in its origin and properties significantly from terrestrial soil . (wikipedia.org)
  • The fine lunar soil is made of sharp and very adhesive particles, with a distinct gunpowder taste and smell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Continual meteoric impacts and bombardment by solar and interstellar charged atomic particles of the lunar surface over billions of years ground the basaltic and anorthositic rock, the regolith of the Moon, into the progressively finer lunar soil. (wikipedia.org)
  • Positive charges build up until the tiniest particles of lunar dust (measuring 1 micrometre and smaller) are repelled from the surface and lofted anywhere from metres to kilometres high, with the smallest particles reaching the highest altitudes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sodium adsorption does not promote aggregation because it is a process where sodium ions are attracted to and held onto the surfaces of soil particles, preventing them from coming together and forming aggregates. (proprofs.com)
  • In contrast, wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycles can cause soil particles to expand and contract, promoting the formation of aggregates. (proprofs.com)
  • Due to the reactive nature of their cell surfaces, bacteria can influence fate, transport, and mobility of naturally occurring and anthropogenically introduced metals in soils. (escholarship.org)
  • Building soil health may be about bugs, bacteria, and biology, but justifying farming practices that nurture such a natural process often comes down to a human-generated gauge of success: how much money does it put (or keep) in the bank? (landstewardshipproject.org)
  • abstract = "Although degradation data for herbicides are essential in understanding their potential to be contaminants and are indispensable inputs in computer-based modeling of their fate in environment, most available data only concern surface soils. (umn.edu)
  • Abstract One hundred and two environmental and meteorological parameters have been investigated and compared with the performance of 20 soiling stations installed in the USA, in order to determine their ability to predict the soiling losses occurring on PV systems. (osti.gov)
  • article{osti_1351855, title = {An investigation of the key parameters for predicting PV soiling losses}, author = {Micheli, Leonardo and Muller, Matthew}, abstractNote = {Abstract One hundred and two environmental and meteorological parameters have been investigated and compared with the performance of 20 soiling stations installed in the USA, in order to determine their ability to predict the soiling losses occurring on PV systems. (osti.gov)
  • This action may be particularly useful in naturally dynamic habitats that have been artificially stabilized, mimicking disturbances that would create bare soil/sediment. (conservationevidence.com)
  • As oil and gas wells age and the number of wells drilled increases to meet demand, we may see more instances of fugitive soil gas migration (GM) and associated methane (CH 4 ) emissions. (ucpress.edu)
  • Furthermore, concentration of other gases, such as methane and nitrous oxide, are relatively minor yet significant in determining greenhouse gas flux and anthropogenic impact on soils. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anthrosols can restrict rooting by impenetrable layers, e.g. concrete, lack of air, or the formation of methane in waste disposal site soils. (berlin.de)
  • The purpose of this public health consultation (PHC) is to determine if past, present, and future exposures to soils in Collegeville, Harriman Park, and Fairmont communities are a public health hazard for people who live or work in the area. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposures to PCBs in soil in parts of Anniston present a public health hazard. (cdc.gov)
  • A land surface model (LSM version 1.0) for ecological, hydrological and atmospheric studies: Technical description and user's guide. (ametsoc.org)
  • BrightSurf.com reports that deep cracks in soil can remain open underground even after they have visibly sealed on the surface, a new study has found. (soilandwater.co)
  • Hands are the main pathways of are not visibly soiled. (who.int)
  • Current actual nutrient levels in the soil can be lower than potential nutrient levels. (berlin.de)
  • Available online: https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/content/soil-map-greece-0. (crossref.org)
  • Identify reasons why various soils respond differently to management practices. (uidaho.edu)
  • Existing methods cannot detect the seeding absence position immediately after planting without soil disturbance. (hindawi.com)
  • At last, the nondestructive detection method is evaluated by the experiments, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method is accurate, efficient, and convenient in finding the seeding absence position of drilling seeds on the soil surface without soil disturbance. (hindawi.com)
  • We observed that in-soil CH 4 concentration was strongly controlled by soil texture and environmental conditions, whereas surface CH 4 flux rates were far less sensitive to those same parameters. (ucpress.edu)
  • Mixing it well ensures that the sand is evenly distributed throughout the soil, creating a more balanced texture. (proprofs.com)
  • Post-fire land degradation is to a large degree determined by what happens to soil properties and ground cover during and after the fire. (wur.nl)
  • We sampled these properties before, immediately after, and up to one year after fire, and monitored soil temperatures during the fire using thermocouples. (wur.nl)
  • Micromodels of each design were then surface-treated to exhibit properties of rhizosphere versus bulk soil. (aiche.org)
  • These results illustrate the mechanisms whereby soil structure and surface properties influences the drying process in the rhizosphere. (aiche.org)
  • The Global Soil Data Task was an international collaborative project with the objective of making accurate and appropriate data relating to soil properties accessible to the global change research community. (ornl.gov)
  • SoilData v2.0: Generating a Global Database of Soil Properties. (ornl.gov)
  • 1995. A Global Database of Soil Properties: Proposal for Implementation. (ornl.gov)
  • A field study was also carried out within a 16-ha watershed in Dakota County, MN, USA, where 38 locations were sampled to obtain sample representative of the full range of soil properties found within the watershed. (umn.edu)
  • however, the difference seems insignificant in view of the wide range in soil properties inMinnesota. (umn.edu)
  • The Soils of Israel: Formation, Nature and Properties, Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publication House. (crossref.org)
  • Identify basic soil differences and properties. (uidaho.edu)
  • Determine how soil properties may be used as a basis for selecting a home site. (uidaho.edu)
  • Keep in mind that these profiles are based on several simplifying assumptions, and they neglect any influences of soil heterogeneity, convective heat transfer, or soil freezing/thawing. (okstate.edu)
  • This results in greater soil respiration and influences the composition of soil gases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Soil and topographic controls on runoff generation from stepped landforms in the Edwards Plateau of Central Texas. (crossref.org)
  • The soil is removed and the seeds are found, and thus the seed distribution is obtained [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, fire fountaining, whereby volcanic lava is lofted and cools into small glass beads before falling back to the surface, can create small but important deposits in some locations, such as the orange dirt found at Shorty Crater in the Taurus-Littrow valley by Apollo 17 , and the green glass found at Hadley-Apennine by Apollo 15 . (wikipedia.org)
  • Now, Phoenix scientists are assured they have a completed the soil-layer profile in the area in which "snow" was recently found. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • This soil appears to be a close analogue to surface soils found in the upper dry valleys in Antarctica," says Sam Kounaves of Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts, leader of the "wet chemistry" portion of the Phoenix mission. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Further results have shown that the soil on Mars is salty and alkaline, as traces of magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride ions (constituents of salts) were found. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Studying this preferential flow, the researchers have found that surface appearances can be deceiving. (soilandwater.co)
  • It may also be found on surfaces that have come into contact with animal or human waste. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The collaborators are holders of major international pedosphere data sets, such as the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and the International Soil Reference and Information Centre, as well as national soils institutes, individual soil scientists, and users of soil data. (ornl.gov)
  • The data are sufficiently detailed to support rigorous analysis, and accessible to and understandable by soil scientists and non-soil scientists alike. (ornl.gov)
  • This report provides background information on the complex and interactive factors that environmental health scientists need to consider when evaluating the impact of lead-contaminated soil on public health. (cdc.gov)
  • Soil surface roughness, as investigated in this study, is decomposed in a dual scale process. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • As a result, major progress was made in the understanding of the different scales in soil surface roughness characterization and its quantification possibilities. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Comparing infiltration rates in soils managed with conventional and alternative farming methods: A meta-analysis. (crossref.org)
  • Lunar soil typically refers to only the finer fraction of lunar regolith , which is composed of grains 1 cm in diameter or less, but is often used interchangeably. (wikipedia.org)
  • Soils typically are wet except in late summer and fall unless they have been drained. (uidaho.edu)
  • Soil gas migration, specifically that of hydrocarbon species with one to five carbons, can also be caused by microseepage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Migration of soil gases, specifically radon, can also be examined as earthquake precursors. (wikipedia.org)