• Using an improved method of gel electrophoresis, many hitherto unknown proteins have been found in bacteriophage T4 and some of these have been identified with specific gene products. (indexindex.com)
  • Phage display is a laboratory technique for the study of protein-protein, protein-peptide, and protein-DNA interactions that uses bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) to connect proteins with the genetic information that encodes them. (wikipedia.org)
  • With about 50 structural proteins in the virus, 171-kb of double stranded DNA packaged inside a 120 nm x 86 nm capsid, and a sophisticated tail to deliver its genetic material into Escherichia coli host, bacteriophage T4 is one of the most complex viruses and a fascinating "organism" to study biology. (t4lab.net)
  • Foreign DNA molecules are packaged into the phage head and its outer surface is decorated with proteins fused to outer capsid proteins, Hoc and Soc. (t4lab.net)
  • To illuminate these opportunities, we made fusions between your Cas9(D10A) nickase and RecA or bacteriophage T4-produced single-stranded binding proteins (SSB). (mycareerpeer.com)
  • It must be emphasised that bacteriophages are natural parasites of bacteria, which in turn are parasites or symbionts of mammals (including humans). (biomedcentral.com)
  • It kills 99.9% of bacteria and viruses on the surface. (realmdrop.com)
  • Transmission electron microscope image of T4Phage on the surface of Escherichia coli bacteria. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • T4Phage is a bacteriophage that infects E. coli bacteria. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • Transmission electron microscope image of T4Phage, a bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli bacteria. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • To demonstrate their successful work, OIST researchers used the bacteriophage T4, a well-known virus that attacks specific bacteria. (rdworldonline.com)
  • A paper was recently published in Scientific Reports about atomic force microscopy, investigating interactions between bacteriophages and bacteria. (charge-transfer.pl)
  • The use of virulent bacteriophages (phages) as biological control (biocontrol) agents against bacterial pathogens is an expanding field of research aimed at producing sustainable solutions for the control of these pathogens, and to circumvent problems such as those associated with the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fecal indicator bacteria contamination of fomites and household demand for surface disinfection products: a case study from Peru. (cdc.gov)
  • Complex interactions between Gram-negative bacteria and their environment are facilitated by numerous surface-attached and exported macromolecules, some of which represent bacterial toxins and effectors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A bacteriophage (from ' bacteria ' and Greek phagein , 'to eat') is any one of a number of viruses that infect bacteria. (wikidoc.org)
  • Bacteriophages are much smaller than the bacteria they destroy - usually between 20 and 200 nm in size. (wikidoc.org)
  • One of the densest natural sources for phages and other viruses is sea water, where up to 9×10 8 virions per milliliter have been found in microbial mats at the surface [2] , and up to 70% of marine bacteria may be infected by phages. (wikidoc.org)
  • D'Hérelle called the virus a bacteriophage or bacteria-eater (from the Greek phagein meaning to eat). (wikidoc.org)
  • Bacteriophages are viruses that infects bacteria, and there are buttloads of them, around 900 million bacteriophage in a milliliter at the surface of the sea, where bacteria are busy exhaling oxygen as they sun themselves. (aschoonerofscience.com)
  • Bacteriophages, bacterial viruses unable to infect eukaryotic cells, constitute a serious alternative to antibiotic therapy of bacterial infections [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Examples of lytic viruses include bacteriophage T4 (shown here), poliovirus, rhinovirus , and adenovirus . (rcsb.org)
  • Lysogenic" viruses, on the other hand, fuse with cell membranes and release their genome into the cell, and then new viruses bud from the surface of the cell. (rcsb.org)
  • To solve this second issue, OIST researchers resorted to using centrifugal force to scatter the viruses onto the entire surface of the film, preventing them from making clumps. (rdworldonline.com)
  • Bacteriophages may have a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle , but a few viruses are capable of carrying out both. (wikidoc.org)
  • Bacteriophage nanoparticles can be engineered to deliver vaccine antigens. (t4lab.net)
  • T4 nanoparticles carrying reporter genes, vaccine candidates, functional enzymes, and targeting ligands can be delivered into cells, or targeted to antigen-presenting immune cells. (t4lab.net)
  • Bacteriophage T4 Nanoparticles as Materials in Sensor Applications: Variables That Influence Their Organization and Assembly on Surfaces. (quantabiodesign.com)
  • T4 (which infects e-coli) does it through the last method, and does it very effectively. (aschoonerofscience.com)
  • It still quite well explains the difference that was investigated between fluorescence on the different surfaces. (charge-transfer.pl)
  • Complete independence from antibiotics' antimicrobial mechanisms was also shown, i.e. bacteriophages do not follow antibiotics' cross-resistance and can be fully effective on antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains [ 6 - 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Artistic conception of bacteriophage T4 (red) infecting a bacterial cell. (rcsb.org)
  • The underlying hypothesis was that eBeam irradiated cells retain enough of their cellular structure and function to serve as host cells for bacteriophage propagation, thereby confirming the metabolic activity and viability of lethally eBeam irradiated bacterial cells. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • ABSTRACT We have raised a panel of 15 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) recognizing cell surface antigens of the rat osteoblast-like cell line ROS 17/2.8. (docksci.com)
  • Phage T4 allows incorporation of multiple antigens into the same virus nanoparticle that leads to broader immunogenicity and protection. (t4lab.net)
  • However, the cells had intact membranes and retained their surface antigens (unpublished data). (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • The antigens appear to be localized to the cell surface of the osteoblast, with no apparent staining of bone matrix in either undecalcified or decalcified sections. (docksci.com)
  • In vitro, these MAbs recognize cell surface antigens present on two additional cell lines, ROS 24/1 and Rat 2 cells, and on the adherent cell population cultured from rat long bone marrow. (docksci.com)
  • This study has also identified cell surface antigens of ROS 17/2.8 cells that are not expressed by osteoblasts in vivo. (docksci.com)
  • 4.5)The object of our study was to raise MAbs to antigens restricted to the plasma membrane of the normal rat OB and to use these MAbs to further characterize the cell surface phenotype of the OB. (docksci.com)
  • This technique has produced a MAb specific to the cell surface of the chick osteOcyte,'6) to the murine PTH receptor,") and to OB-restricted antigens. (docksci.com)
  • However, knowledge about the direct interactions of bacteriophages with mammalian organisms and their other, i.e. non-antibacterial, activities in mammalian systems is quite scarce. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have integrated CRISPR engineering into the T4-COVID vaccine design to rapidly generate vaccine candidates. (t4lab.net)
  • A Bacteriophage T4 Nanoparticle-Based Dual Vaccine against Anthrax and Plague. (cdc.gov)
  • Bacteriophage T4 AsiA is a versatile transcription factor capable of inhibiting host gene expression as an 'anti-sigma' factor while simultaneously promoting gene-specific expression of T4 middle genes in conjunction with T4 MotA. (rcsb.org)
  • We also believe that they will contribute to the general understanding of bacteriophage biology, as bacteriophages, extremely ubiquitous entities, are in permanent contact with human organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On the other hand, the perspective of the possible use of bacteriophage preparations for antibacterial therapies in cancer patients generates a substantial need to investigate the effects of phages on cancer processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The bacteriophage T4 DNA packaging machine is being developed as a platform for human therapies. (t4lab.net)
  • Trichomes are derived from specialized epidermal cells on a leaf surface and are important for water repellence. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • This displayed the different peptides on the outer surfaces of the collection of viral clones, where the screening step of the process isolated the peptides with the highest binding affinity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Surface Modification on Acoustic Wave Biosensors for Enhanced Specificity. (quantabiodesign.com)
  • We also visualized extensive DNA damage within the cells and confirmed their cellular functionality based on their ability to propagate bacteriophages for up to 9 days post-irradiation. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • 2014. Surface properties of quantum dots define their cellular endocytic routes, mitogenic stimulation and suppression of cell migration. (bchi.lt)
  • Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been used successfully to characterize the cell surface of T other cell types, such as o s t e o ~ l a s t s (and ~ ~ ~lymphoid ) and myeloid cells, and to study the lineage of cells of the hematopoietic system. (docksci.com)
  • Dedicated to generate deeper understanding of phage T4 structure, assembly, and biomedical applications, our team consists of people with diverse backgrounds, including high school students, undergraduate and graduate students, post-doctoral fellows and collaborators. (t4lab.net)
  • The availability of specific markers of the cell surface of the OB would be of great value in this task. (docksci.com)
  • Mouse monoclonal to CD22.K22 reacts with CD22, a 140 kDa B-cell specific molecule, expressed in the cytoplasm of all B lymphocytes and on the cell surface of only mature B cells. (mycareerpeer.com)
  • In the 1940s, Max Delbruck encouraged the phage group at Cold Spring Harbor to concentrate their research on seven specific bacteriophages (T1 -- T7), so that they could readily compare results. (nih.gov)
  • In these studies the migration of human and mouse melanoma on fibronectin was inhibited by purified T4 and HAP1 bacteriophage preparations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • No differences in the effects of T4 and HAP1 on melanoma migration were observed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The phage T4 DNA packaging machine consists of a dodecameric portal and a pentameric motor assembled at a special five-fold vertex of the virus head. (t4lab.net)
  • The resonant wavelength of IR metasurfaces is shown to be a good statistical metric for the variation of the patterned surface. (asme.org)
  • Elution can be done combining low-pH elution buffer with sonification, which, in addition to loosening the peptide-target interaction, also serves to detach the target molecule from the immobilization surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • The antibacterial activity of bacteriophages has been described rather well and its molecular mechanisms and qualifying agents are also well known. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bacteriophage T4 has a rich history, serving as a model since 1930s to elucidate basic mechanisms in biological systems. (t4lab.net)
  • A colorized SEM image of a human proximal tubule, showing the tubular structure and projections extending over the tissue surface. (ucsd.edu)
  • Specifically, we investigated the structural damage to the cells DNA, their membrane integrity, their metabolic activity (electron transport activity and ATP levels) and whether irradiated cells could serve as hosts for bacteriophages , T4, and T7. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • A row of microvilli outline the polygonal borders between cells, while short microvilli cover the external surface in a reticu. (ucsd.edu)
  • Alec Broers began his research career in the Engineering Department of the University of Cambridge in 1961 working with Professor Oatley, and later with Dr William C Nixon, on the in situ study of surfaces undergoing ion etching in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell surface molecules of Friend erythroleukemias: decrease in T200 glycoprotein expression after induction. (wikidata.org)
  • The bacteriophage attaches to the surface of the cell and pierces the cell membrane, injecting its DNA genome (white strand) into the cell. (rcsb.org)
  • PDB-101 includes artistic conceptions of the bacteriophage T4 life cycle and HIV budding from the surface of an infected cell . (rcsb.org)
  • Noncovalent Cell Surface Engineering with Cationic Graft Copolymers. (quantabiodesign.com)
  • Biomolecular Strategies for Cell Surface Engineering. (quantabiodesign.com)
  • If the antigen is on the surface of a cell, this binding leads to cell aggregation and subsequent destruction. (nih.gov)
  • of 'The Cell, 2nd Ed.' by Don W. Fawcett M.D. Scanning electron micrograph of the epidermal surface of the flatfish sole Parophrys detulus shows a labyrinth of surface ridges. (ucsd.edu)
  • Safe & Healthy cleans and disinfects most surfaces in your daily life - even hard to clean surfaces like cotton that you wouldn't use traditional disinfectants on. (realmdrop.com)
  • In 2006 the UK Ministry of Defence took responsibility for a G8-funded Global Partnership Priority Eliava Project as a retrospective study to explore the potential of bacteriophages for the 21st century. (wikidoc.org)
  • 2014. The effect of laser-treated titanium surface on human gingival fibroblast behavior. (bchi.lt)
  • Bacteriophages are constantly present in mammalian bodies and the environment in great amounts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • But the main part of the work was done in Toruń and by the Surface Nanoengineering group. (charge-transfer.pl)
  • He also recorded a dramatic account of a man suffering from dysentery who was restored to good health by the bacteriophages. (wikidoc.org)
  • Whole genome sequencing of bacteriophages suitable for biocontrol of pathogens in food products is a pre-requisite to any phage-based intervention procedure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Scanning electron microscope image of Penta lanceolata stigma (receptive surface for pollen). (ucsd.edu)
  • Only in the last few years has there been an extension of lab-based trials into the food production environment, where perhaps the best example is the recognition of the efficacy and the granting of 'generally recognized as safe' (GRAS) status to bacteriophages targeting Listeria monocytogenes by the United States Food and Drug Administration [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • S. equina et les anticorps des sérums prélevés chez des patients infestés par Wuchereria bancrofti , les taux les plus élevés ayant été observés dans le cas de la réaction croisée entre les sérums des patients chroniquement infestés et l'antigène de surface brut de ver femelle Setaria spp . (who.int)
  • New discoveries presented in the last decade for enhancing boiling performance utilizing nanoscale structures on surfaces are critically examined in this paper. (asme.org)