The majority of our de novo radiotracer development focuses on small molecule organic chemistry, and our antibody radiotracer development programs involves new bioconjugation chemistry, and defining and exploiting the biological mechanisms that underwrite the aberrant expression of cell surface receptors in cancer. (ucsf.edu)
This gene encodes a B-lymphocyte surface molecule that plays a role in the development and differentiation of B-cells into plasma cells . (wikidoc.org)
The TCR complex and CD4 each bind to distinct regions of the antigen-presenting MHCII molecule - α1/β1 and β2, respectively. (wikidoc.org)
Receptors4
The H protein targets the cellular receptors of the CD46 and CD150. (bestessaywriters.com)
Graves' Disease results from the production of autoantibodies against receptors for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) on thyroid epithelial cells, and represents the prototype for numerous autoimmune diseases caused by autoantibodies that bind to organ-specific cell membraneantigens. (silverchair.com)
CXCR4 is upregulated during the implantation window in natural and hormone replacement therapy cycles in the endometrium, producing, in presence of a human blastocyst , a surface polarization of the CXCR4 receptors suggesting that this receptor is implicated in the adhesion phase of human implantation . (wikidoc.org)
Like many cell surface receptors/markers, CD4 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily . (wikidoc.org)
Membrane4
To study how humoral tolerance is normally maintained to organ-specific membrane antigens, transgenic mice were generated selectively expressing membrane-bound hen egg lysozyme (mHEL) on the thyroid epithelium. (silverchair.com)
Factor I, with cofactors including membrane cofactor protein (CD46), inactivates C3b and C4b. (msdmanuals.com)
Gangliosides are predominantly cell-surface glycolipids highly expressed in nervous tissue, whilst lipo-oligosaccharides are major components of the Gram-negative bacterium C. jejuni outer membrane. (afpm.org.my)
[15] PrP C attaches to the outer surface of the cell membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor at its C-terminal Ser 231. (wikidoc.org)
Glycoprotein found2
The CD8 antigen is a cell surface glycoprotein found on most cytotoxic T lymphocytes that mediates efficient cell-cell interactions within the immune system. (wikidoc.org)
In molecular biology , CD4 ( cluster of differentiation 4) is a glycoprotein found on the surface of immune cells such as T helper cells , monocytes , macrophages , and dendritic cells . (wikidoc.org)
Apoptotic2
C3b is potent in opsonization: tagging pathogens, immune complexes (antigen-antibody), and apoptotic cells for phagocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
8 , 11 - 14 Numerous stimuli can drive the activation of the complement system, including apoptotic debris, pathogens, and antibody-antigen complexes, in addition to ischemia-reperfusion injuries associated with organ transplantation. (jrheum.org)
Protein5
The measles virus life cycle starts with virus adsorption to host's cell membranes surface using the H protein. (bestessaywriters.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell-cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration. (antibodies-online.com)
This Human PEA ELISA Kit was designed for the quantitative measurement of Human PEA protein in serum, saliva, tissue homogenates. (cusabio.com)
Members of this nascent protein family are characterized by common structural features and similar intron / exon splice boundaries and display unique expression patterns among hematopoietic cells and nonlymphoid tissues. (wikidoc.org)
The protein has no known natural ligand [4] and its function is to enable optimal B-cell immune response, specifically against T-independent antigens. (wikidoc.org)
Autoantibodies2
Autoantibodies directed against molecules that are unique to the surface of cells in the parenchyma of discrete organs underlie the pathogenesis of a variety of organ-specific autoimmune diseases ( 1 ). (silverchair.com)
Of note, various autoantibodies against ganglioside antigens have been identified and found to have significant associations with the axonal forms of GBS and Fisher syndrome. (afpm.org.my)
Retrieval1
After dewaxing and hydration, antigen retrieval was mediated by high pressure in a citrate buffer (pH 6.0). (cusabio.com)
Pathogens2
C3b's ability to perform these important functions derives from its ability to covalently bind to the surface of invading pathogens within an organism's body. (wikipedia.org)
The key to the success of the complement system in clearing antigens is regulating the effects of C3b to pathogens alone and not healthy, host cells. (wikipedia.org)
Antibody1
Antibody FMC7 ( F linder M edical C entre) appears to recognise a conformational variant of CD20 [10] [11] also known as the FMC7 antigen. (wikidoc.org)
Complexes1
Furthermore, erythrocytes with Cr1 on their surface bind and deliver the immune complexes to the mononuclear phagocyte system via interactions with C3b. (wikipedia.org)
Tumor3
In the tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) display an array of phenotypes beyond the M1/M2 paradigm, ranging from antitumoral to immunosuppressive, proangiogenic, immunomodulatory and tissue-remodeling phenotypes ( 7 - 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
However all the cell lines established so far were grown in medium containing at least 10% serum, and it has been shown that primary cell lines cultured under these conditions lose their ability to differentiate, acquire gene expression profiles that differ from that of tissue specific stem cells or the primary tumor they derive from, and in some cases are neither clonogenic nor tumorigenic. (biomedcentral.com)
It is constitutively expressed in most tissues and is a key mediator of tumor necrosis factor signaling in the vast majority of cells. (childrensmercy.org)
Complement2
Furthermore, if C3b does bind to a host-cell surface, regulators of complement activity (RCAs), a group of genetically-, structurally-, and functionally-related proteins, inactivate the complement component. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, host cells express p33 (globular C1q receptor) on the surface, which binds C1q, and prevents it from initiating complement activation. (wikipedia.org)
Phagocytosis2
Once cleaved C3b can either generate C3 or C5 convertases, as mentioned above, or else covalently bind to the microbial surface, tagging the cell for phagocytosis in a process known as opsonization. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, C3b molecules can attach to the Fc regions of antigen-bound antibodies leading to phagocytosis or movement to the liver, where the C3b-tagged immune complex is then destroyed. (wikipedia.org)
Endothelial1
The role of an intact endothelial barrier in sequestering organ-specific antigens from circulating preimmune B cells is discussed. (silverchair.com)
Immune2
The innate immune response by myeloid cells occurs as a succession of events starting at signaling through cytosolic or surface PRRs, followed by effector responses including the release of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), antibacterial peptides and degranulation ( Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Immune-mediated disease that causes skin cells to rapidly build up on the surface of the skin. (canopybiosciences.com)
Gene1
Two isoforms are known and the gene is expressed in a wide variety of tissues including kidney , thymus , stomach , breast , adult liver and erythrocyte. (wikidoc.org)
Mechanisms1
These results provide evidence that tolerance is not actively acquired to organ-specific antigens in the preimmune B cell repertoire, underscoring the importance of maintaining tolerance to such antigens by other mechanisms. (silverchair.com)
Cells8
The cleavage of C3 leaves C3b with an exposed thioester bond, allowing C3b to effectively coat and tag foreign cells by covalently binding to hydroxyl (-OH) and amine (-NH2) groups on foreign cell surfaces. (wikipedia.org)
CD46), which is ubiquitously expressed and plays a critical role in protecting host cells from damage by the C3b. (wikipedia.org)
Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive neoplasm arising from the surface serosal cells of the pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial cavities. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression of this receptor in cancer cells has been linked to metastasis to tissues containing a high concentration of CXCL12, such as lungs, liver and bone marrow. (wikidoc.org)
B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 or CD20 is an activated- glycosylated phosphoprotein expressed on the surface of all B-cells beginning at the pro-B phase ( CD45 R+, CD117 +) and progressively increasing in concentration until maturity. (wikidoc.org)
Immunohistochemistry can be used to determine the presence of CD20 on cells in histological tissue sections. (wikidoc.org)
T cells displaying CD4 molecules (and not CD8 ) on their surface, therefore, are specific for antigens presented by MHC II and not by MHC class I (they are MHC class II-restricted ). (wikidoc.org)
Xenotransplantation involves the transplantation of nonhuman tissues or organs into human recipients. (medscape.com)
The motivation for using animal sources for organ or tissue transplantation is driven by supply and demand. (medscape.com)
Expression3
Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from primary and xenograft SCLC samples, we identified seizure-related homolog 6 (SEZ6) as a surface-expressed SCLC target with broad expression in SCLC and minimal normal tissue expression by both RNA-seq and IHC. (aacrjournals.org)
When transplanted into cynomolgus monkeys, the kidneys with three glycan antigen knockouts alone experienced poor graft survival, whereas those with glycan antigen knockouts and human transgene expression demonstrated significantly longer survival time, suggesting the benefit of human transgene expression in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
While CXCR4's expression is low or absent in many healthy tissues, it was demonstrated to be expressed in over 23 types of cancer, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, melanoma, and prostate cancer. (wikidoc.org)
Microbial4
Formation of a C3 convertase functions as a positive feedback loop, so as more C3b is cleaved, more C3 convertases are formed, further amplifying the signal on the surface of the microbial invader. (wikipedia.org)
This C3bBb convertase is stabilized by properdin (Factor P) preferentially on microbial surfaces over normal host surfaces, and is now able to cleave many more C3 molecules thus amplifying the signal. (wikipedia.org)
One mechanism, mentioned above, is the stabilization of the C3bBb convertase by properdin preferentially on microbial surfaces, not on host surfaces, a step necessary for formation of a functional C3 convertase. (wikipedia.org)
Alternate pathway activation occurs when components of microbial cell surfaces (eg, yeast walls, bacterial cell wall lipopolysaccharide [endotoxin]) or immunoglobulin (eg, nephritic factor, aggregated IgA) cleave small amounts of C3. (msdmanuals.com)
Human2
The virus was isolated in 1954 in monkey and human kidney tissue by Enders and Peebles. (bestessaywriters.com)
The porcine donor was engineered to carry 69 genomic edits, eliminating glycan antigens, overexpressing human transgenes and inactivating porcine endogenous retroviruses. (bvsalud.org)
Bind1
If a microbe is present, the C3b component will covalently bind to the surface of foreign invader. (wikipedia.org)
Pathway1
Given the C3 is constantly being turned over in the alternative pathway and its ability to rapidly amplify a signal, these proteins are important in regulating the temporal and spatial effects of C3b to infected tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Major1
[15] In cases of obesity , the presence of fatty tissues surrounding the body's major organ systems results in cell necrosis and insulin desensitivity along the boundary between them. (wikidoc.org)
Class1
The CD8 antigen, acting as a coreceptor, and the T-cell receptor on the T lymphocyte recognize antigen displayed by an antigen presenting cell (APC) in the context of class I MHC molecules. (wikidoc.org)
Target1
CXCL12 (over-)expressing cancers might not sense the CXCL12 gradient released from the metastasis target tissues since the receptor, CXCR4, is saturated with the ligand produced in an autocrine manner. (wikidoc.org)