Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) enter ribosome-mediated protein biosynthesis in a translationally competent state, which includes post-transcriptional modifications at various positions, including the anticodon loop, and the presence of an intact single-stranded CCA-sequence at the 3′-terminus that is required for amino acid attachment by the corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase [7] . (prolekarniky.cz)
Consequently, motifs are indispensable for temporal, spatial, conditional and basal regulation at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational level. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor2
Actually, the entire metabolic network reprograms under the control of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and the flow of nutrient in metabolic networks is also redefined in the process of tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Weinberg characterized "aberrant metabolic phenotype" with "autologous proliferation signaling, apoptosis resistance, evasion of proliferation inhibition, continuous angiogenesis, infiltration and migration, unlimited replication capacity, immune escape" in tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein3
The human papillomavirus (HPV) E2 protein is a multifunctional protein essential for the control of virus gene expression, genome replication and persistence. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Upon co-expression in keratinocytes, L1 reduces nucleolar association of E2 protein, and when co-expressed with E1 and E2, L1 is partially recruited to viral replication factories. (microbiologyresearch.org)
As a counter-defense, many viruses encode RNA-silencing suppressor proteins (e.g., the p19 protein from the Tombusviridae family) for viral proliferation in plants. (bvsalud.org)
TRNA7
this involves the possible import of the cytosolic AGR tRNA into the mitochondria and/or the expression of mt antisense tRNAs with anticodons recognizing AGR codons according to an alternative genetic code that is induced by the presence of suppressor tRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
Translation begins with the codon AUG, and an initiator tRNA that carries the amino acid Methionine or, the chemically modified formylmethionine in bacteria. (jove.com)
The initiator tRNA also contains conserved nucleotides that are recognized by proteins called eukaryotic initiation factors, or eIFs. (jove.com)
Together with eIF2 and GTP, the initiator tRNA binds the P site of the small ribosomal subunit forming the eukaryotic pre-initiation complex. (jove.com)
Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. (jove.com)
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). (jove.com)
The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at specific positions. (jove.com)
Gene2
Gene-environment interactions, sunlight and vitamin D, and T lymphocytes as autoimmune disease initiators and vitamin D targets are discussed to explain the rationale for reviewing vitamin D mechanisms in T cells. (frontiersin.org)
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a potent initiator of gene silencing in a diverse group of organisms that includes plants, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila and mammals. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcription1
Using cell-based assays, we show that co-expression of L1 and E2 results in enhanced transcription and virus origin-dependent DNA replication. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Targets1
Amongst the angiogenic aspects, VEGF and HIF1 stand out as prominent transcriptional targets for Stat3, and a necessity for Stat3 is proposed for func tionality of HIF1. (mirnaarray.com)
Machinery1
During latent infection, EBV genome exists as a circular episome and replicates by recruiting the cellular replication machinery [ 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
Metabolic1
These metabolic transitions are only just beginning to be understood, often relying on transcriptional data to infer metabolism, rather than actual metabolic outputs. (conditionmed.org)
Factors1
Multiple sclerosis and T1D have distinct target organs, genetic risk factors, onset ages, and female to male ratios, but target organ-specific T cells as initiators unite these diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Tumor suppr2
Gene therapy is a promising molecular alternative in the treatment of gastric cancer, including the replacement of defective tumor suppressor genes, the inactivation of oncogenes, the introduction of suicide genes, genetic immunotherapy, anti-angiogenetic gene therapy, and virotherapy. (wjgnet.com)
The development of cancer is suppressed by many tumor suppressor genes. (molcells.org)
Oncogenes1
Many oncogenes (RAS, PI3K, KIT) and tumor suppressors (P53, RB, PTEN) are frequently mutated in different human malignancies. (medscape.com)
Populations2
Upon enhancing the sequence disorders are ceramide of one suppressor of turnover populations in the physiological much life of Strong cholesterol kinases and complete another peptide( Kim et al. (evakoch.com)
Despite the potential correlation between cancer and SA biomarkers, many transcriptional changes across distinct cell populations remain largely unknown. (molcells.org)
Progression2
This notion is supported by data indicating that p21-null mice are more prone to spontaneous and induced tumorigenesis, and p21 synergizes with other tumor suppressors to protect against tumor progression in mice. (aacrjournals.org)
Polar replication fork pause sites flanking this area can pause the progression of replication forks, thereby allowing forks to enter but not to leave. (frontiersin.org)
Regulation1
Consequently, motifs are indispensable for temporal, spatial, conditional and basal regulation at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational level. (biomedcentral.com)
Chains1
triphosphates and therapy suppressor( HDAC) chains first mediate often not but as low-density of intolerance processes. (evakoch.com)
Describe1
We describe the current models of how replication fork fusion events can cause serious problems for genome duplication, as well as models of how such problems might be alleviated both by a number of repair pathways as well as the replication fork trap system. (frontiersin.org)
Potential1
These cellular processes are self-sufficiency in growth signals (oncogene addiction), insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals (loss of tumor suppressors), evading programmed cell death (anti-apoptosis), limitless replication potential (aberrant cell cycle), sustained angiogenesis, and invasion/metastasis. (medscape.com)
Cell1
During the past decade, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have emerged as powerful experimental and analytical tools to dissect such diverse senescence-derived transcriptional changes. (molcells.org)
Multiple1
The data from these studies highlight that head-on replication-transcription conflicts are indeed highly problematic and multiple repair pathways are required to restart replication forks arrested at obstacles. (frontiersin.org)