• The switch between these continuous and discrete eye movements is a trade-off between tolerating sustained position error (PE) when no saccade is triggered or a transient loss of vision during the saccade due to saccadic suppression. (eneuro.org)
  • Informed by model predictions, we hypothesized that saccade trigger time length and variability will increase when pre-saccadic predicted errors are small or visual uncertainty is high (e.g., for blurred targets). (eneuro.org)
  • In the memory-guided task, visual responses were more pronounced, time-locked and space specific (predominately contralateral), but overall pulvinar exhibits more motor related activity, in some cells prior to and during saccades, but mostly in the post-saccadic period. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Systematic variation of stimulation times relative to the behavioral states and stimulus/saccade onset revealed space-specific, time-specific, task-specific, and site-specific involvement of pulvinar in target selection, evident in microstimulation-induced modulation of spatial decisions in free-choice trials, and effects on saccadic reaction times. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Saccades are jumping eye movements, so to test the saccadic system, the patient may be asked to quickly switch gaze between two targets. (seevividly.com)
  • This is the first time that a coherent explanation has been found for the well-known phenomenon of saccadic suppression. (bernstein-network.de)
  • So far, there have been two competing hypotheses about what causes saccadic suppression. (bernstein-network.de)
  • Saccadic suppression made subjects unaware of the flashes, unless they were bright enough. (bernstein-network.de)
  • The image sequences on the retina were the same in both cases, and saccadic suppression occurred in both cases. (bernstein-network.de)
  • We conclude that the movement signal makes a difference in the duration of saccadic suppression," Saad Idrees and Matthias Baumann explain. (bernstein-network.de)
  • During gaze anchoring, we found that neurons in the reach region of the posterior parietal cortex can inhibit neuronal firing in the parietal saccade region to suppress eye movements and improve reach accuracy. (nature.com)
  • This is characterized by a series of slow eye-tracking movements, interrupted at regular intervals by rapid resetting movements (saccades) in the opposite direction. (genengnews.com)
  • The eye movement effects include a slowing or complete suppression of the OKR, a shift in eye-movement direction, induction of spontaneous OKR-like movements in the absence of visual stimuli, clustering of the polarity or timing of OKR-like movements, and changes in the slope of the slow phase of the OKR-like movements. (genengnews.com)
  • Observations in a mouse model of schizophrenia further suggested that the suppression of phencyclidine-induced spontaneous eye movements could be used as a screening tool for antipsychotic drug candidates. (genengnews.com)
  • Interestingly, the researchers suggest, spontaneous eye movements in the Huntington disease model may represent the murine correlate of the saccade errors observed in human Huntington disease patients, and "presumably be used to follow disease progression or responses to treatment in presymptomatic Huntington disease animal models. (genengnews.com)
  • Thus, accurate tracking requires a synergistic coordination of saccades and smooth pursuit eye movements to overcome retinal position and velocity mismatches, respectively. (eneuro.org)
  • Abrams, R. A., Meyer, D. E. & Kornblum, S. Eye-hand coordination: oculomotor control in rapid aimed limb movements. (nature.com)
  • Pursuits and saccades are fine eye movements that are used constantly throughout the day and are critical for reading and tracking. (seevividly.com)
  • Eye movements during reading have been studied for more than a century, revealing a very stereotyped behaviour, despite a significant variability in the amplitude of saccades and the positions of fixations on the lines of text. (ilcb.fr)
  • Saccade is the term used to describe rapid movements of the eyes. (bernstein-network.de)
  • However, the suppression with real eye movements lasted much shorter. (bernstein-network.de)
  • Suppression is transient, only present around the coordinated reach, and greatest when reach neurons fire spikes with respect to beta-frequency (15-25 Hz) activity, not gamma-frequency activity. (nature.com)
  • First, we analyzed visual and motor related neuronal processing in the dorsal pulvinar during basic oculomotor tasks, visually-guided and delayed memory-guided saccades. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Professor Ziad M. Hafed and Dr. Thomas Münch and their teams show in the journal Nature Communications that the signal for this suppression comes directly from the retina and its neuronal activity. (bernstein-network.de)
  • These top-down models are nevertheless contradicted by the recently reported fact that an illiterate model of saccade programming in the superior colliculus, a multi-integrative subcortical structure, fairly accurately predicts the oculomotor behaviour of readers simply from early visual processing (luminance contrast). (ilcb.fr)
  • For humans, visual tracking of moving stimuli often triggers catch-up saccades during smooth pursuit. (eneuro.org)
  • In summary, our data supports our hypothesized predicted error-based decision process for coordinating saccades during smooth pursuit. (eneuro.org)
  • The mechanism by which the brain decides when to trigger discrete catch-up saccades during continuous smooth pursuit has eluded researchers for decades. (eneuro.org)
  • Our results add support for a common and shared sensorimotor process for saccades and pursuit. (eneuro.org)
  • For a long time, it was believed that saccades and smooth pursuit were controlled by independent functional and anatomic systems in the brain ( Robinson, 1986 ). (eneuro.org)
  • As a consequence, the properties of saccades and smooth pursuit were studied independently. (eneuro.org)
  • Consequently, our current understanding describes saccades and pursuit as two outcomes of a synergistic sensorimotor process, sharing sensory inputs, anatomic pathways, and functional regulation ( Orban de Xivry and Lefèvre, 2007 ). (eneuro.org)
  • in our data, this resulted in longer saccade trigger times and more smooth trials without saccades. (eneuro.org)
  • Instead, delay period activity was typically suppressed (relative to initial fixation period) with no spatial preference, and delay period activity did not predict the upcoming movement in free-choice trials when two saccade options were available. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Collaborate with an interprofessional team on strategies for improving care coordination and communication to improve outcomes for affected patients. (nih.gov)
  • Here we study inhibitory communication during a flexible, natural behaviour, termed gaze anchoring, in which saccades are transiently inhibited by coordinated reaches. (nature.com)
  • demonstrated that catch-up saccades were less likely to occur when the target re-crosses the fovea within 40-180 ms. To date, there is no mechanistic explanation for how the trigger decision is made by the brain. (eneuro.org)
  • According to the first hypothesis, the suppression starts from the motor signals that also trigger the eye movement. (bernstein-network.de)
  • The fact that the strength and length of the suppression depended on the textures depicted could only mean that the trigger had to be visual," says Hafed. (bernstein-network.de)
  • Suppression (referring to cortical suppression of vision) refers to an unconscious method the brain uses to ignore confusing visual information. (seevividly.com)
  • Suppression helps eliminate confusing visual images such as a single blurry image (from amblyopia /lazy eye) or a double image from a turned eye (strabismus). (seevividly.com)
  • According to the second hypothesis, the suppression is purely visual and caused by the image sequences on the retina. (bernstein-network.de)
  • Patching is a method of amblyopia treatment in which the "stronger" eye is patched so that the "weaker" eye is forced to break any suppression and use its visual pathway. (optometrystudents.com)
  • We will use natural language processing methods to estimate objective features of verbal coordination on speech/language signals. (ilcb.fr)
  • We plan to use different approaches, a machine learning approach (decoding the speech signal of the speaker based on the neural signal of the listener) as well as information-theoretic approach (to model to what extent the relation between neural signals and upcoming speech is influenced by the current level of coordination estimated by convergence, for instance). (ilcb.fr)
  • A team at Johns Hopkins University and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute compared eye-movement analysis with the commonly used rotarod test of motor coordination in mice treated with a number of different classes of CNS-active drugs. (genengnews.com)
  • Taking the few studies on pulvinar electrophysiology and perturbation together, it is clear that the function of pulvinar is complex, and might be involved in a wide range of cognitive processes such as allocation of spatial attention, target selection, motor coordination, and even emotional processing or confidence. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • The patterns of motor-related activity were diverse, spanning contralateral and ipsilateral spatial tuning and also motor-related enhancement and suppression. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Role of different projection areas of the motor cortex in reorganization of the innate head-forelimb coordination in dogs]. (jvnd.ru)
  • Convergence Insufficiency (CI) is a vision coordination problem that affects about 10% of children. (newhorizonsvisiontherapy.com)
  • The result for the patient is the projection of an X pattern of light (normal vision) or missing lines or pieces of a line missing (example / seen if suppression one eye or \ seen if suppression the other). (seevividly.com)
  • A recent study found that children with eye coordination issues have a much more difficult time finishing schoolwork and paying attention in academic settings. (newhorizonsvisiontherapy.com)
  • Speech recordings allow quantifying coordination at different linguistic levels in a time resolved manner. (ilcb.fr)
  • When significant position error (PE) is accumulated, a catch-up saccade may be triggered to re-foveate the target. (eneuro.org)
  • it is only when a sudden unexpected boost or suppression of activity is required by the relevant target NP that DA neurons in the corresponding NP act in a phasic manner. (frontiersin.org)
  • This quick suppression test is helpful for detecting small eye turns (called microtropia). (seevividly.com)
  • The strength of this project is to merge sophisticated coordination designs, advanced analysis of verbal coordination dynamics and front edge neuroscience tools with unique neural data in humans. (ilcb.fr)
  • [ 6 ] The most sensitive sign is disjunction of horizontal saccades, characterized as a slight lag in adduction speed, which in some cases may be the only demonstrable sign of INO. (medscape.com)
  • Binocular coordination, as it is termed, is an aspect of reading that has not been investigated to a great degree. (scitizen.com)
  • [ 112 ] Patients may be asymptomatic or may have transient blurred vision or diplopia with head turning or gaze-direction changes, which result from dysconjugate saccades and breaks in binocular fusion. (medscape.com)
  • Cognitive neuroscientists have identified multiple networks within the brain that coordinate attention in tasks that require a wide variety of cognitive skills, ranging from sensory-motor coordination to high level executive functioning. (sc.edu)
  • We also showed that readers construct a unified representation of the text through a process of fusion rather than suppression. (scitizen.com)
  • Readers extract the visual information that they require to read during fixations, and the precise patterns of fixations and saccades that people make when they read sentences can tell us a lot about the psychological processes underlying written language comprehension. (scitizen.com)
  • Also, they are more likely to make repeated fixations on tricky words or make saccades to look back and re-read portions of the text that were difficult to understand. (scitizen.com)