Support protein multimerization. Medical search. Frequent questions

Phosphorylation: Phosphorylation will increase the observed size of the target protein due to the negatively charged phosphate group impacting SDS binding, thus altering the protein's electrophoretic mobility. (genetex.com)
PERK is activated after dissociation of ER chaperone BiP (GRP-78), which leads to the phosphorylation of eIF2α and attenuates global protein translation. (cd-biosciences.com)
Thus, chronic administration of opioids modifies neuronal MOR function through a variety of mechanisms including receptor phosphorylation, signaling, multimerization, and trafficking, which may underlie tolerance to morphine. (hindawi.com)
myosin heavy chain II, and prevent their phosphorylation and multimerization. (novoprolabs.com)
Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)

RAS proteins function as molecular switches whose active conformations, stabilized by GTP binding, interact with several protein effectors to control cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and migration( 10 ). (researchsquare.com)
Why does the observed western blot band size (i.e., molecular weight) differ from the expected band size for some proteins? (genetex.com)
Typically, SDS-PAGE allows electrophoretic separation of proteins in a sample by molecular weight (MW), with larger proteins migrating more slowly than smaller proteins. (genetex.com)
2017). However, interpretation of the molecular basis for this phenomenon was complicated by our inability to uncouple protein binding from DNA condensation. (elifesciences.org)
A molecular model of the FMDV 3A protein, derived from the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure of the poliovirus 3A protein, predicted a hydrophobic interface spanning residues 25 to 44 as the main determinant for 3A dimerization. (asm.org)
Molecular docking study supported the argument that PSF hinders the binding of viral DNA with IN. (biomedcentral.com)

Considering the potential limitations of plasma derived Hp, recombinant protein production may offer a relevant strategy for production. (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally, recombinant protein-production strategies may also generate therapeutics with enhanced functionality, bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. (biomedcentral.com)
Western blot analysis of BCMA: Lane 1: MW marker, Lane 2: Mouse BCMA Recombinant Protein. (enzolifesciences.com)
When expressed as a recombinant protein in transfected cells, PV 3A cofractionates with endoplasmic reticulum markers ( 66 ), and its single transient expression can disrupt the secretory apparatus ( 23 ) and decrease major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression ( 22 ). (asm.org)

As several synaptic proteins like neurexins and neuroligins are interaction partners of the SHANKs and associate with both disorders, the question arises if variants in the SHANK genes themselves can be associated with SCZ. (nature.com)
In this review we will highlight mechanisms that control targeting of PSD-95 at the synapse, and discuss how this molecule influences the retention and clustering of diverse synaptic proteins to regulate synaptic structure and strength. (frontiersin.org)

Mutations in the three SHANK genes encoding for postsynaptic scaffolding proteins have been shown to represent risk factors for autism spectrum disorders and other neurodevelopmental disorders. (nature.com)
An alternative mechanism of IRE1α action involves the splicing of XBP1 mRNA to yield an active transcription factors XBP1s which regulates the expression of genes functioning in protein folding. (cd-biosciences.com)
The transcription of XBP1-dependent genes improves the protein-folding capacity of ER and thus relieves ER stress. (cd-biosciences.com)
Analyzing the cellular phenotypes regulated by genes/proteins of interest. (cd-biosciences.com)
The humoral immune response against Y. pestis is directed against multiple proteins, many encoded by genes on the virulence plasmids (Benner et al. (tie-2signaling.com)
By studying Ste12 multimerization, I found that this process might involve dephosphorylation on Ste12 to regulate the expression of pheromone-regulated genes. (ubc.ca)
These repeat units were multimerized to generate synthetic genes coding for the repetitive proteins (rep-proteins) (AQ) n and (QAQ) n . (biomedcentral.com)
The cytotoxin-associated gene A ( cagA ) is one of the most important virulence genes of H. pylori , which is located at the end of cag pathogenicity island ( cag PAI) and encodes the 120-145 kDa CagA protein [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Replacements L38E and L41E, involving charge acquisition at residues predicted to contribute to the hydrophobic interface, reduced the dimerization signal in the protein ligation assay and prevented the detection of dimer/multimer species in both transiently expressed 3A proteins and in synthetic peptides reproducing the N terminus of 3A. (asm.org)

Attempts to block the interaction during in vitro erythrocyte invasion assays using recombinant proteins and antibodies showed no significant inhibitory effect, suggesting the inaccessibility of the complex to proteinaceous blocking agents. (ox.ac.uk)
Polyclonal antibodies to BmSPI39 were prepared by immunizing New Zealand white rabbit with the recombinant BmSPI39 protein. (insect.org.cn)

This paper claims to identify a long-sought ligand for the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase Lar that mediates its functions in neuromuscular junction development, mushroom body development, and photoreceptor axon targeting. (sciety.org)
use an assay in which alkaline phosphatase-tagged cell surface proteins are used to stain live embryos overexpressing other cell surface proteins to identify Sticks and stones (Sns) as a possible ligand for the Lar receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase. (sciety.org)
The motility and invasion of Plasmodium parasites is believed to require a cytoplasmic actin-myosin motor associated with a cell surface ligand belonging to the TRAP (thrombospondin-related anonymous protein) family. (ox.ac.uk)

This study confirms the structural integrity of the full-length spike protein immunogen and provides a basis for interpreting immune responses to this multivalent nanoparticle immunogen. (nih.gov)
By numerous specific protein-protein interactions, SHANKs are either directly or indirectly linked to other structural proteins, cell adhesion molecules, receptors, ion channels and to actin-interacting proteins at the postsynaptic density. (nature.com)
The viral genome encodes four structural capsid proteins (VP1 to VP4) and seven nonstructural (NS) proteins, the leader Lb/ab protease, and proteins encoded in the P2 (2B and 2C) and P3 (3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D) regions ( 9 ). (asm.org)
Changes in the MSN cellular environment and post-translational modifications also regulate chaperone activity by affecting the structural and multimerization dynamics of sHsps (Eaton et al. (cell-metabolism.com)
The Gag protein is the major structural protein required for virus assembly. (prospecbio.com)
MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)

This approach demonstrates that efficient expression of mature and fully functional protein products requires co-expression of active C1r-LP. The functional characterization of our proteins, which included monomer/polymer distribution, binding affinities as well as NO-sparing and antioxidant functions, demonstrated that C1r-LP-processed recombinant Hp demonstrates equal protective functions as plasma derived Hp in vitro as well as in animal studies. (biomedcentral.com)
No in vitro support and it\'s kind of weak looking so Medium confidence. (utoronto.ca)
Direct binding between the two proteins was confirmed in vitro, although it requires extensive multimerization of Lar, and is conserved between PTPRF/D and Nephrin homologues. (sciety.org)
Whereas the recombinant HIV-1 IN protein is sufficient to catalyze the 3' processing and strand transfer activities for in vitro integration, functional interactions between IN and host cell factors are required during the early events of HIV-1 replication in vivo [ 10 - 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Receptor-like protein-tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) have cytoplasmic phosphatase domains and cell adhesion molecule (CAM)-like extracellular domains that interact with cell-surface ligands and/or co-receptors. (sciety.org)
Here, we identify the GPI-linked protein Semaphorin-7A (CD108) as an erythrocyte receptor for the P. falciparum merozoite-specific TRAP homolog (MTRAP) by using a systematic screening approach designed to detect extracellular protein interactions. (ox.ac.uk)
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)
A COVID-19 vaccine candidate using SpyCatcher multimerization of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain induces potent neutralising antibody responses. (ox.ac.uk)

The results of Western blot and in-gel activity staining showed that the purified BmSPI39 antibody could effectively bind to the BmSPI39 antigen protein in different multimerization states. (insect.org.cn)

Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
Effector proteins are then recruited to activate various cellular signaling pathways, including RAS/RAF/MEK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and JAK/STAT ( 1 ). (biorxiv.org)

Gag alone is sufficient to produce buddingvirus-like particles (VLP's) due to multimerization of roughly 2000 Gag molecules per virion.The Gag proteins take part throughout the viral life-cycle, including the assembly and release of viral particles, theirsubsequent maturation into infectious virions, and during the events occurring between therelease of capsids into newly infected cells and the integration of proviral DNA. (prospecbio.com)

Also, they share a similar protein architecture based on an N-terminal ssDNA binding domain of ~180 amino acids and a C-terminal extension that in the case of RAD52 is required for homologous recombination (HR) through specific protein-protein interactions 6 . (nature.com)
This includes data supporting direct physical interactions and potential AdipoRon roles of sHsps in the stewardship of pathological protein aggregates in brain. (cell-metabolism.com)
The different interactions between viral proteins and cellular host proteins are required for efficient replication of HIV-1. (biomedcentral.com)

CagA can specifically bind to the SH2 domain of Src homology 2 (SH2)-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-2), which induces spatial configuration change of SHP-2 and activates it [ 40 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Although inhibitory postsynaptic sites lack PSDs, they also consist of complex protein matrices. (frontiersin.org)
Many types of opioid receptors (e.g., μ , κ , δ ) exist in the nervous system, and they are all typical inhibitory G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) [ 30 ]. (hindawi.com)
The inhibitory activity of the recombinant BmSPI39 protein to Bacillus subtilis protease A was detected by in-gel activity staining. (insect.org.cn)

Proteostasis is the dynamic regulation of protein homeostasis, where all the cellular pathways govern the production, folding, trafficking and degradation of proteins. (cd-biosciences.com)
Pathways to ensure proteostasis in different subcellular compartments are defined as unfolded protein responses (UPRs), which have evolved in the cytosol as cytosolic heat shock response (HSR), endoplasmic reticulum as UPR ER and mitochondria as UPR mt . (cd-biosciences.com)

The dimerization or multimerization of IRE1α after dissociation of GRP78 leads to its trans-autophosphorylation and activation. (cd-biosciences.com)

Polypyrimidine tract binding protein and associated splicing factor (PSF) has diverse functions inside the cell such as transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, acts as nucleic acids binding protein and regulate replication and infectivity of different viruses. (biomedcentral.com)

These shared biochemical, protein sequence and functional similarities suggest the existence of an ancestral annealing mechanism involved in HR. (nature.com)
AlgP is a DNA-binding protein with a 154 amino acid C-terminal domain enriched in "KPAA" repeats and variants of this repeat, with an overall sequence composition similar to the C-terminal tail of eukaryotic histone H1. (bvsalud.org)
Type I partition systems, also known as ParABS include an ATPase motor protein, ParA, responsible for the movement of the replicated chromosomes to the distal pole of the cell, a DNA binding protein ParB, and a centromere-like DNA sequence, parS ( Funnell, 2016 ). (elifesciences.org)

sHsp Expression in the mind Of the 10 mammalian sHsp proteins, HspB1, HspB5, and HspB8 are expressed in the mind, along with, HspB6, and HspB7, albeit at lower amounts (Quraishe et al. (cell-metabolism.com)
In the present study, we have identified a new HIV-1 integrase interacting protein, polypyrimidine tract binding protein and associated splicing factor (PSF) through pull down assay and co immunoprecipitation of IN with mammalian cell protein. (biomedcentral.com)

These findings now provide important experimental evidence to support the model that parasite TRAP-family ligands interact with specific host receptors during cellular invasion. (ox.ac.uk)

We performed cryo-election microscopy and site-specific glycan analysis of one of the leading subunit vaccine candidates from Novavax, which is based on a full-length spike protein formulated in polysorbate 80 detergent. (nih.gov)

NS proteins are involved in crucial aspects of the viral cycle and pathogenesis, such as rearrangements of intracellular membranes required for endomembrane recruitment and the lysis of host cells ( 1 , 12 , 14 , 18 , 73 ). (asm.org)
in poliovirus (PV), the interaction between the RNA replication complex and intracellular membranes appears to be accomplished by proteins 3A and 2C, which have membrane-binding properties ( 11 , 60 ). (asm.org)

Recent genetic data on schizophrenia (SCZ) have suggested that proteins of the postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses have a role in its etiology. (nature.com)

Similar to ER UPR, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mito UPR or UPR mt ) is a stress response triggered by the accumulation of deleterious mitochondrial genomes, unfolded or misfolded proteins or damages from reactive oxygen species (ROS). (cd-biosciences.com)

Here, we developed a granule-enrichment protocol to screen for polyP granule-localizing proteins. (bvsalud.org)
Our granule enrichment protocol identified a polyP granule-associated protein in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, AlgP. (bvsalud.org)

Although wild-type KRAS4b, a common splice variant of KRAS (hereafter referred to as RAS), does not dimerize on two-component supported lipid bilayers( 16 ), it preferentially co-localizes with anionic lipids in the liquid-disordered domains of giant unilamellar vesicles( 17 ) and the oncogenic G12V mutant clusters on the scale of tens of nanometers in extracted PM sheets( 12, 18 ). (researchsquare.com)

The SHANK protein family is composed of three multidomain scaffolding proteins residing at the postsynaptic density of excitatory glutamatergic synapses. (nature.com)

Target proteins may form multimers (dimers, trimers, and so on) and display one or more bands of increased MW. (genetex.com)

Alternative splicing enables an mRNA to synthesize differently sized protein variants (isoforms) from the same gene that may have different cellular functions or properties. (genetex.com)
these sHsps display no or negligible gene and proteins expression in the mind under normal circumstances (Quraishe et al. (cell-metabolism.com)

We report distinctive patterns of local lipid composition that correlate with interfacially promiscuous RAS multimerization. (researchsquare.com)
Furthermore, they provide the first clinical evidence of the essential role played by lipid modification of Hh proteins in human testicular organogenesis and embryonic development. (unige.ch)
Lipid-specific oligomerization of the Marburg virus matrix protein VP40 is regulated by two distinct interfaces for virion assembly. (uci.edu)

Altogether, these results shed new light on the mechanisms of action of Hh proteins. (unige.ch)
A greater understanding of the mechanisms of sHsp chaperone activity may help in the development of novel therapeutic strategies to modulate the aggregation of pathological, amyloidogenic proteins. (cell-metabolism.com)

S100A4 is a symmetric homodimer, and undergoes a relatively large conformational change upon the typical EF-hand binding calcium, which is necessary for S100A4 to interact with its protein targets and generate biological effects. (novoprolabs.com)
The highly conserved oligomerization domain (OD) of tumor suppressor p53 is essential for its biological functions, and its structure was believed to be the prototype for all three proteins. (ox.ac.uk)

In animals, the ER UPR signaling pathway is initiated by three membrane-associated stress sensor proteins: inositol requiring enzyme 1α/β (IRE1), PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6α/β (ATF6). (cd-biosciences.com)

The RAS subfamily comprises peripheral membrane proteins with a conserved globular GTP-binding domain (G-domain)( 7 ) that is tethered to the cell membrane by a prenylated ~ 20 residue C-terminal domain called the hypervariable region (HVR)( 8, 9 ). (researchsquare.com)
No heterooligomerization between p53 and the p73/p63 subfamily was observed, supporting the notion of functional orthogonality within the p53 family. (ox.ac.uk)

In this work, FMDV 3A homodimerization was evidenced by an in situ protein fluorescent ligation assay. (asm.org)
Results】 The results of in-gel activity staining showed that the recombinant BmSPI39 protein could strongly inhibit the activity of subtilisin A. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that the antibody titer of BmSPI39 antiserum reached 1∶128 000. (insect.org.cn)

Treating cells with glycosylation inhibitors (e.g., tunicamycin to block N-linked glycosylation or Benzyl-α-GalNAc (BαG) to block O-glycosylation) can be used to generate the unmodified target protein. (genetex.com)
The viral particle is composed of a protein capsid that contains a positive-sense RNA molecule of about 8,500 nucleotides that is infectious and encodes a single polyprotein, which is processed in infected cells by cis - and trans -acting viral proteases ( 55 ) to yield different polypeptide precursors and the mature viral proteins ( 9 , 62 ). (asm.org)
To varying degrees, these fates also extend to the Such state stability is required in stem and progenitor cells to immediate progeny of stem cells, known as progenitor or support self-renewal and maintenance of the uncommitted transit-amplifying cells. (lu.se)
CagA protein can be transported into the gastric epithelial cells by type IV secretion system (T4SS) encoded by the cag PAI. (biomedcentral.com)

In an attempt to study the host interacting protein of IN, we have identified a new interacting host protein PSF which is a splicing factor and elucidated its role in integration and viral replication. (biomedcentral.com)
Experimental as well as in silico analysis inferred that the host protein causes not only change in the integration events but also targets the incoming viral DNA or the integrase-viral DNA complex. (biomedcentral.com)
The integration process is catalyzed by viral protein integrase which utilizes different host proteins for integration of viral DNA [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Identification of these interacting host cellular protein provide better understanding of mechanism of viral replication and subsequently development of new therapeutic approaches. (biomedcentral.com)

They are weak ssDNA binding proteins with no affinity for double-stranded (ds) DNA. (nature.com)
Protein G-affinity purified. (enzolifesciences.com)
Methods】 Prokaryotic expression and immobilized nickel ion affinity chromatography were used to obtain the highly-purified recombinant BmSPI39 protein. (insect.org.cn)

As evaluated by co-immunoprecipitation experiments, the dsDNA recombination function relates to the Redα-Redβ protein-protein interaction, which requires not only contacts in the C-terminal domain but also a region near the N-terminus. (nature.com)

Perturbation of ER homeostasis through the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins results in a stress condition, i.e . (cd-biosciences.com)
Misfolding, aggregation, and aberrant accumulation of proteins are central elements in the progression of neurodegenerative disease. (cell-metabolism.com)

This simple polyanion's lack of protein binding specificity has impeded validation of bona fide polyP-binding proteins. (bvsalud.org)

ProHp is proteolytically cleaved by complement C1r subcomponent-like protein (C1r-LP) in the endoplasmic reticulum. (biomedcentral.com)

By mechanism, DNA annealing proteins are divided into ATPases capable of strand invasion (RecA, RAD51) and single strand annealing proteins (SSAPs) that do not utilize ATP 4 . (nature.com)
A subset of mRNAs, such as ATF4 and ATF5 escape the mechanism of translational inhibition to support cellular anti-oxidative response, facilitate autophagy, promote the transcription of ER chaperones , and drive apoptosis if necessary. (cd-biosciences.com)

The generation of these 'ParB networks' in vivo necessarily requires the presence of specific and non-specific DNA-binding domains in ParB as well as multimerisation interfaces between ParB proteins. (elifesciences.org)

Moreover, we show that ODs of p73 and p63 strongly interact and that a large number of different heterotetramers are supported by the additional helix. (ox.ac.uk)
Various reports implicated host cellular proteins as a key factor that either interact directly with HIV-1 integrase (IN) or get involved in the integration process of virus resulting in the modulation of integration step. (biomedcentral.com)

Fibrillar aggregates of the amyloid-β protein (Aβ) are the main component of the senile plaques found in brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. (nih.gov)

For long-term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). (prospecbio.com)

It is an important site for the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins. (cd-biosciences.com)

The Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted proteins act as morphogens to control embryonic patterning and development in a variety of organ systems. (unige.ch)
S100A4, also known as metastasis-associated protein Mtsl, belongs to the family of small calcium-binding S100 proteins containing two EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. (novoprolabs.com)

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) nonstructural protein 3A plays important roles in virus replication, virulence, and host range. (asm.org)

Preclinical studies have evaluated haptoglobin (Hp) polymers from pooled human plasma as a therapeutic protein to attenuate toxic effects of cell-free hemoglobin (Hb). (biomedcentral.com)

In the simplest scenario, the MW of a protein is determined by its amino acid constituents. (genetex.com)
The observed size can also be influenced by the amino acid composition of the target protein. (genetex.com)
A) Amino acid sequences of designed silk modules were derived from dragline silk proteins ADF-3 and ADF-4 and back translated into nucleotide sequences using the bacterial codon usage. (biomedcentral.com)

Primary culture studies suggest that a failure to deliver sufficient quantities of the essential axonal protein NMNAT2 is a key initiating event. (wikipedia.org)

Multiple alternatively spliced variants encoding the same protein have been identified. (novoprolabs.com)

Anatomy13

Organisms8

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs55

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Phenomena and Processes43

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Phosphorylation6

Molecular6

Recombinant protein4

Synaptic proteins2

Genes8

Peptides1

Antibodies2

Ligand3

Structural6

Vitro4

Receptor5

Antigen1

Effector2

20001

Interactions3

Tyrosine phosphatase1

Inhibitory3

Pathways2

Dimerization1

Regulate1

Sequence3

Mammalian2

Receptors1

Spike protein1

Intracellular2

Genetic1

Reactive1

Enrichment2

Lipids1

Postsynaptic1

Dimers1

Gene2

Lipid3

Mechanisms2

Biological2

Kinase1

Subfamily2

Assay2

Cells4

Viral4

Affinity3

Interaction1

Accumulation2

Specificity1

Endoplasmic reticulum1

Mechanism2

Domains1

Interact2

Aggregates1

Carrier protein1

Modification1

Family2

Virulence1

Therapeutic1

Amino3

Sufficient1

Variants1