• Most male caregivers deprioritized their own emotional, mental, and physical health needs to support the needs of their families. (springer.com)
  • They advised other male caregivers to remain involved in the medical care and wellbeing of their CYSCHN and to openly seek and receive emotional support despite the daily challenges they face. (springer.com)
  • This work highlights unmet health needs of male caregivers of CYSHCN and the importance of improving their emotional support opportunities. (springer.com)
  • A further aim was to examine whether emotional suppression moderates the relationship between perceived burden and depression. (haifa.ac.il)
  • The study provides also initial support for the moderating effect of emotional suppression, which can increase the deleterious effects of burden on depression. (haifa.ac.il)
  • The population health impact of COVID-19 has exposed decades, if not centuries, of inequities that have systematically undermined the physical, social, material, and emotional health of racial and ethnic minority groups (1,2). (cdc.gov)
  • Caregivers report heightened emotional difficulties in some siblings of children with WS. (open.ac.uk)
  • However, caregivers indicated that participating in spiritual activities reduced some of the negative emotional and physical effects of the chronic stressors related to dementia caregiving. (iasquared.org)
  • This article describes a few practical tools and techniques that are aspects of Social Emotional Learning (SEL). (wapave.org)
  • PAVE provides additional articles about Social Emotional Learning . (wapave.org)
  • Social Emotional Learning (SEL) in schools marks a shift toward education that promotes self-regulation, resiliency, problem-solving skills, and more. (wapave.org)
  • Emotional stress and family support were included as exogenous variables whereas active coping, resilience, and subjective happiness were included as endogenous variables. (jkpmhn.org)
  • 선행연구에 따르면 감정 스트레스는 주관적 행복감과 관련이 있는 요인으로 보고되고 있는데, 특히 우울(depression), 분노(anger), 지각된 스트레스(perceived stress) 등을 포함하는 감정 스트레스(emotional stress)가 주요 영향요인으로 보고되었다[ 6 - 9 ]. (jkpmhn.org)
  • This site gives you animation tools and an app to support socio-emotional learning amongst other skills. (earlyeducationgame.com)
  • The psychosocial status of the family caregivers of children diagnosed with WHS is unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study aims to characterize the sociodemographic and psychosocial profile of WHS caregivers and analyze how these variables impact their quality of life (QoL) and well-being. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Significant relationships were found between sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics among caregivers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cancer caregiving has been associated with worsening health among caregivers themselves, yet demographic and psychosocial predictors of their long-term health decline are less known. (open.ac.uk)
  • The use of engagement strategies such as problem focused coping was associated with improved psychological QoL and social support. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Providing care for DOC patients has been described as a stressful experience, eroding the physical and psychological health of the caregiver. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Caring for a paediatric patient is associated with psychological, physical and social challenges. (who.int)
  • Previous studies study we aimed to investigate the relationship between have indicated a correlation between care burden and the burden of care and musculoskeletal pain of caregiver psychological problems, reduced physical functionality, and a deterioration in quality of life of the caregiver parents of children in paediatric palliative care. (who.int)
  • We conducted semi-structured interviews (SSI), administered quantitative surveys to caregivers, and produced a thematic analysis. (springer.com)
  • Family carers of children with serious illness contribute many hours of medical care in addition to usual daily care. (open.ac.uk)
  • Assessing the needs and supports of family carers is not routine practice. (open.ac.uk)
  • This study is the first to utilize the interRAI Family Carer Needs Assessment in carers of children, seeking to evaluate and improve its ability to capture their needs. (open.ac.uk)
  • This is a prospective pilot study of family carers of children with serious illness receiving care at a pediatric hospice. (open.ac.uk)
  • It is suggested that these findings may have important implications for young carers' mental health, now and in the future, and contain important lessons for child and family social work in general. (open.ac.uk)
  • Dr. Benjamin Fife with the University of Washington School of Medicine is lead author on a study that analyzes how spiritual activities may help dementia carers cope. (iasquared.org)
  • Regarding the issue of chronic stressors, there were many subthemes found, such as poor health (e.g., lack of sleep and not eating), an absence of support, and a lack of education. (iasquared.org)
  • Objectives: The main aim was to explore the multiple mediation effects of personal resources (mastery, engagement and disengagement coping strategies) between caregiving burden and depression in spousal caregivers, based on integrated stress process models. (haifa.ac.il)
  • Results:Caregiving burden was indirectly associated with depression, through mastery and disengagement coping, but not through engagement coping. (haifa.ac.il)
  • Mastery was negatively associated with depression, while disengagement coping was positively associated with depression. (haifa.ac.il)
  • Conclusion: The study supports the conditional indirect effect in which burden can affect depression by reducing the mastery and increasing the disengagement coping simultaneously. (haifa.ac.il)
  • Adjustment problems in siblings of children with WS are associated with increased caregiver depression and more sibling relationship conflict. (open.ac.uk)
  • Caregivers of pediatric patients with tic disorders (TD) are at high risk for anxiety and depression, but the situation of this disorder was rarely reported based on the Chinese population. (plos.org)
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and potential contributing factors of anxiety and depression among caregivers of Chinese pediatric patients with TD. (plos.org)
  • Overall, 14.78% (47/318) of caregivers presented the symptom of anxiety, with a mean SAS score of 54.81±5.26, and 19.81% (63/318) of caregivers presented the symptom of depression, with a mean SDS score of 59.64±5.83. (plos.org)
  • Anxiety and depression are prevalent among caregivers of TD pediatric patients, which brings up the importance of psychiatric support for this group. (plos.org)
  • Caregivers of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently experience anxiety related to the caregiver role. (open.ac.uk)
  • In fact, in the literature, family caregivers have been called the 'hidden patients' [ 1 ] or, in cases where the reason for the disability was a traumatic brain injury (TBI), the term 'head injured family' has been used [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Caregivers' subjective burden was assessed with the Relatives' Stress Scale. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Surprisingly, placement in institutionalized care in itself does not seem to disburden caregivers as much as expected as the amount of subjective care-giving burden and reported distress is on average similarly high, although profiles differ somewhat according to type of care. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Family support had positive indirect and total effects, and resilience had positive direct and total effects on subjective happiness. (jkpmhn.org)
  • Covariates included were classified into four levels: individual (twofold: informal caregiver and person with dementia), relational, community, and time. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As one of the leading causes of care dependency in old age, dementia considerably impacts individuals with dementia, their families, and society [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since 2007, Norway has had national dementia plans with strategies to improve services for individuals with dementia and their families [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is the most common cause of dementia, a term that describes a decline in memory, thinking, behavior and social skills that interferes with daily life. (waystocure.com)
  • Brain-healthy tips to reduce your risk of dementia This page lists evidence-based tips and strategies to help you lead a healthy, balanced lifestyle that protects your brain and reduces your risk of dementia. (alzheimer.ca)
  • Prior studies have shown that dementia caregivers use religious coping to help them manage caregiving pressures. (iasquared.org)
  • These activities also helped them come to terms with death and dying, and helped their loved ones with dementia cope. (iasquared.org)
  • The world was shifting under our feet, so I turned to my devotionals as his dementia worsened": The role of spirituality as a coping mechanism for family caregivers of Alaska Native elders with dementia. (iasquared.org)
  • Caregiver burden may have adverse outcomes for both the informal caregiver and the care recipient, including decreased quality of life. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Caregiver burden is associated with several factors concerning the informal caregiver, the care recipient, and relational and other contextual factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To address this issue, in this study caregiver-burden between family-caregivers who provide home care themselves and those who have placed their patients in a specialized care unit is compared. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Remarkably, there were no major differences in self-assessed burden and distress between the two caregiver groups. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We aimed to examine the relationship between caregiver burden and musculoskeletal pain in caregiver parents of children accessing palliative care services. (who.int)
  • The care burden was examined using the Zarit Caregiver Burden Questionnaire, and the physical complaints of parents with the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. (who.int)
  • The median Zarit Caregiver Burden score was 54.0. (who.int)
  • It has been shown that increased physical burden, is important for determining the health problems of such as bending or carrying loads, is often associated caregivers, protecting family and community health and with lower back pain ( 7 ). (who.int)
  • Although putting on a mask over our nose and mouth is a simple but powerful way to protect ourselves and others during a pandemic, face masks may interfere with how we perceive and recognize one another, and hence, may have far-reaching impacts on communication and social interactions. (springeropen.com)
  • Different forms of care may have different impacts on the caregivers and institutionalized care has been suggested to have an unburdening effect, but this possibility has never been empirically studied. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further research should address the mechanisms that foster positive adjustment and reduce negative impacts for care providers regardless of type of care, enabling the health care system, institutions and self-aid groups alike, to provide more specific support for caregivers by addressing the topics of quality-of-life, own health, self care, and grief reactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To care for an ill or disabled family member is almost always a challenge and has many negative impacts on those providing that care. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There is also a need for social and community support as ALHIV transition from pediatric to adult care. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A cross-sectional study was carried out on caregivers of pediatric patients with TD at a women's and children's hospital in western China from January to June 2020. (plos.org)
  • The average age of pediatric patients with TD was 8.38 ± 2.54 years, and 78.30% (249/318) of caregivers were aged between 30-50 years old. (plos.org)
  • Male caregivers of CYSHCN experience intense daily stress and express the need for emotionally supportive resources. (springer.com)
  • At the moment of expiration, they perceive and internally experience their patients leaving their bodies. (juliaassante.com)
  • Four main themes emerged from the interview data: the transition process, factors facilitating the transition experience, challenges and coping mechanisms of the ALHIV during transition, and suggestions for improvement based on perceptions on the current transitioning approach. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Caregivers often experience ongoing stress as a result of providing direct care to a person with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). (iasquared.org)
  • Although caregivers are considered to be potential such as increasing sincerity and love, finding meaning patients, the relationship between caregiver parents in thanks to the experience of giving care, getting social paediatric palliative care and musculoskeletal diseases support from other individuals, self-esteem and personal has not been studied ( 10 ). (who.int)
  • thus, this article describes the development and preliminary validation efforts for the TBI-Caregiver Quality of Life (CareQOL) Caregiver Vigilance item bank. (open.ac.uk)
  • The research programme will examine how gender-responsive and age-sensitive social protection can sustainably reduce poverty and achieve gender equality. (unicef-irc.org)
  • Reducing these disparities along with the inequitable economic and social impact of the pandemic on families from racial and ethnic minority groups requires broad community-based and underused collaborations, as well as innovative approaches. (cdc.gov)
  • Positive paternal engagement strongly contributes to overall family functioning, yet the individual health needs and constraints of male caregivers of CYSHCN have been coarsely examined. (springer.com)
  • In combination, these factors exacerbate poor health outcomes in populations disproportionately affected by social conditions beyond their control, including infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19. (cdc.gov)
  • GRASSP is UNICEF Office of Research-Innocenti's new research programme examining gender-responsive and age sensitive social protection systems to enhance gender equality outcomes, and is funded by the UK's Department for International Development (DfID) and other partners. (unicef-irc.org)
  • Social protection can reduce income poverty and food and economic insecurity, address financial barriers to accessing social services, and promote positive development outcomes throughout the life course - particularly for women and girls. (unicef-irc.org)
  • This study seeks to understand potential unmet health needs and attitudes toward supportive resources from the perspective of a sample of male caregivers of CYSHCN. (springer.com)
  • This study examines changes in caregivers' physical health 2 to 8 years after their family members' cancer diagnosis and prospective predictors of that change. (open.ac.uk)
  • mean age, 53.2 years) participated in a nationwide study at 2 (T1), 5 (T2), and 8 (T3) years after their family members' cancer diagnosis. (open.ac.uk)
  • The study aimed to assess the effect of having a chronically ill child on parental employment and parental leisure activity time, and to explore the role of demographic, social, and disease-related variables in relation to employment and leisure activities. (open.ac.uk)
  • It's no surprise that our latest study focuses on supporting mental health in schools . (veanea.org)
  • Our team for the study was made up of university faculty and graduate students in education, counseling, and social work as well as school counselors, social workers, and psychologists from our partnering school divisions. (veanea.org)
  • Undergraduates currently work in schools (to study child development and the education of autistic children), adult mental health centers, at programs associated with the Division of Youth and Family Services, and with foster children in their homes. (rutgers.edu)
  • This study was supported by the Science and Technology Plan Project of Sichuan Province (No.2020YFS0035). (plos.org)
  • In this article, we will explain what Alzheimer's disease is, what causes it, what are the symptoms and stages, how it is diagnosed and treated, and what are some ways to cope and care for someone with Alzheimer's disease. (waystocure.com)
  • The caregiving experiences and unique health needs of male caregivers of children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN) are not well described. (springer.com)
  • The SSI explored the health needs of male caregivers, assessed attitudes toward and preferences regarding supportive resources, and garnered their advice to other caregivers regarding parenting and health care system navigation. (springer.com)
  • Researchers and practitioners should be aware of these issues of family care in spousal caregivers. (haifa.ac.il)
  • Further, they estimated that caregivers provide an average of 60 to 80 h of care monthly at the time of diagnosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Often this is due to a caregiver's perceived need to avoid people and situations that might upset or "trigger" the care recipient. (open.ac.uk)
  • In the Netherlands, the free help they provide to sick or disabled family members, acquaintances or friends exceeds the number of hours of home care provided by professionals. (open.ac.uk)
  • The demographics of the caregivers, life satisfaction, coping strategies, meaning in life, and grief reactions were assessed with questionnaires in 81 long term (m = 7.9 years) caregivers (44 patients in specialized care-units, 37 patients taken care of at home). (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, caregivers with patients in institutionalized care exhibited enhanced self-accusation as well as reduced satisfaction with their own health. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Home care caregivers, on the other hand, report below average opportunities to care for themselves. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aligning on key concepts and approaches to care can help to ensure that the best possible care and support are given at the end of life. (netce.com)
  • In support of improving patient care, NetCE is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team. (netce.com)
  • The purpose of this course is to provide physicians, nurses, physician assistants, and allied health professionals with the knowledge and strategies necessary to best assist patients to seek and receive optimal end-of-life care. (netce.com)
  • In November 2014 I left Phoenix abruptly to care for my family. (arizonaprisonwatch.org)
  • It is important to extend sup- port to caregivers of paediatric palliative care patients to alleviate their physical difficulties. (who.int)
  • The prolongation of the lifespan of children with Due to a lack of education or awareness of how to move chronic and incurable diseases has led to an increase bedridden people, caregivers often use incorrect postures in the number of individuals requiring palliative and uneven weight distribution when lifting or caring care. (who.int)
  • In Turkey, the care of patients and parents is very important for the other children in the people in need of care is generally provided by family family. (who.int)
  • When asking for support, frame your request in the context of how it will help the Tribal Community. (iasquared.org)
  • Prisoners are the children, parents, siblings, and kin to untold numbers of relatives who are each affected differently by a family member's arrest, incarceration, and ultimate homecoming. (arizonaprisonwatch.org)
  • This course is designed for all members of the interprofessional team responsible for supporting patients at the end of life. (netce.com)
  • There are numerous healthcare problems, as far as ethical and social issues associated with DoCs, and there are additional issues associated with the therapy of patients with DoCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Programs designed to facilitate such support may benefit from flexible formats (time and location) and involve male caregivers of CYSHCN as both facilitators and participants. (springer.com)
  • Participants' parents and adult family caregivers were also integrated into the transition process to some extent. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Support options should be sensitive to time and location barriers while offering male caregivers spaces to give and receive support. (springer.com)
  • Role-related demands on time/energy limit parental ability to fulfill needs external to their CYSHCN (health, work, family life). (springer.com)
  • These collaborations can facilitate policy, systems, and environmental changes in school systems that support emergency preparedness, recovery, and resilience when faced with public health crises. (cdc.gov)
  • We discuss education as a major social determinant of health and the impact of restricted access to in-person school, and we describe disparities in underlying chronic medical conditions and social inequities associated with poverty and systemic disadvantage. (cdc.gov)
  • The social determinants of health - broadly, working and living conditions, and social, economic, and cultural environments, can shape the distribution of migrant health [ 24 , 28 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Social protection, such as cash transfers or health insurance, can help address poverty and vulnerability, as well as supporting people during shocks from childhood through to old age. (unicef-irc.org)
  • Health and mental health professionals can help with their expertise, whether it is for the person facing death, their family, surrogate decision makers, or caregiver. (netce.com)
  • I was trained to meet those needs-like other school-based mental health professionals, I'd learned therapeutic techniques designed for intervention in a crisis and offering strategies for coping in the face of adversity. (veanea.org)
  • I've linked to some posts about advocating for state prisoner health and safety to the right, as well as other resources for families and friends. (arizonaprisonwatch.org)
  • Protecting the health of caregiver satisfaction ( 2 ). (who.int)
  • The focus is how good health throughout life can help older men and women lead full and productive lives and be a resource for their families and communities. (who.int)
  • WHO also supports and promotes health research and strives to improve health services, in all countries. (who.int)
  • With the support of WHO, governments tackle global health threats and protect people's health and well-being. (who.int)
  • In the 21st century, health is determined by and contributes to broad social trends. (who.int)
  • Caregivers report fewer adjustment and relationship difficulties in siblings of children with WS than do the siblings themselves. (open.ac.uk)
  • But the relationship between spirituality and caregiver stress has yet to be fully explored despite the fact that studies have shown it to be a significant coping mechanism for caregivers. (iasquared.org)
  • A structured questionnaire was designed to collect data, including socio-demographic information, disease and medication status, family situation and social relationship, cognition and attitude towards TD and treatment. (plos.org)
  • it was dependent on the availability of their parents or caregivers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pychosocial support groups involving parents caring for children with the same disease could improve caregivers' well-being and QoL by strengthening their social support network and using positive coping styles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Much of sibling violence does not take place in front of parents or other caregivers. (gbvlearningnetwork.ca)
  • As the duration of the child's illness increased, the number of caregiver parents with shoulder and wrist pain increased. (who.int)
  • Becoming a caregiver is involuntary and unplanned, parents of children with life-threatening or life-limiting therefore, resulting in the need to adjust to the situation diseases are very scarce. (who.int)
  • Furthermore, a higher proportion of children from some racial and ethnic minority groups lived in families with incomes less than 200% of the federal poverty level or in households lacking secure employment compared with NHW children. (cdc.gov)
  • The sociodemographic and clinical profile of 22 Spanish caregivers of children with WHS and the characteristics of those affected have been described. (biomedcentral.com)
  • WHS caregivers share similarities in their profile and needs with caregivers of children with other rare diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Play can also be solitary or social-the individual whipping up a new recipe in his kitchen is "playing" just as much as a group of children running around outside playing tag on a beautiful summer day. (chriskresser.com)
  • Best used with children aged 4-8 with an adult supporting with reflection. (earlyeducationgame.com)
  • Additionally, children in this age group require significant social interactions and structured learning environments that cannot be ensured in remote education. (earlyeducationgame.com)
  • To contrast the increase of inequalities due to the different opportunities, governments should provide the necessary technological support to children and their families. (earlyeducationgame.com)
  • In this newsletter, "sibling" refers to children who grow up in the same family, including step-children, foster children, adopted children, or children by birth. (gbvlearningnetwork.ca)
  • They both demonstrated generally reduced life satisfaction, were especially dissatisfied with their amount of spare time, and many caregivers in both groups demonstrated long lasting grief reactions, as well as a somewhat enhanced crisis of meaning. (biomedcentral.com)
  • WHO is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and has offices in 148 countries, areas and territories, as well as six regional offices to provide proximity support and expertise to countries. (who.int)
  • Medical personnel, hospice nurses in particular, and family members are beginning to recognize the enormous spiritual power of the dying. (juliaassante.com)
  • Findings support the need to develop a structured healthcare transition policy and age-appropriate transition within the clinic environment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The data that support the findings are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. (plos.org)
  • Obtaining other markers of intra-abdominal injury, such as amylase and lipase (pancreatic injury), urinalysis for red blood cells (urinary tract injury), and stool guaiac (intestinal injury) should be guided by history and clinical findings as evidence to support routine screening with these markers is lacking. (medscape.com)
  • Caregiver groups were similar on the vast majority of demographic factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Physical child abuse (ie, nonaccidental injury that a child sustains at the hands of his or her caregiver) can result in skeletal injury, burns, bruising (see the first image below), and central nervous system injury from head trauma (see the second image below). (medscape.com)
  • Family caregivers might read through a student's Individualized Education Program (IEP), a behavior plan, disciplinary referrals, or other notes from the school to notice what type of language is being used to describe what's happening. (wapave.org)
  • While face masks are one of the best defences against the spread of respiratory virus, their growing adoption has posed a challenge not only to the way people interact with each other in social situations (Eikenberry et al. (springeropen.com)
  • The program of research of the Social and Organizational Psychology Research Lab investigates the process by which people regulate and control their social interaction with others at home and at work. (rutgers.edu)
  • Economies are globalizing, more and more people live and work in cities, family patterns are changing and technology is evolving rapidly. (who.int)
  • When giving your introduction, give personal and family background in addition to professional. (iasquared.org)
  • Structured as a socio-ecological framework, our approach presents three interconnected change pathways - at the individual, household and societal level - through which gender-responsive social protection can contribute to gender-transformative results, along with tailored design and implementation features, and underpinned by a set of change levers that existing evidence suggests can strengthen the gender-responsiveness of social protection systems. (unicef-irc.org)
  • Tribal values emphasize family/clan/group/Tribe, not the self or individual as in Western society. (iasquared.org)
  • Every individual sent to prison leaves behind a network of family relationships. (arizonaprisonwatch.org)
  • Method: Cross-sectional data were collected in 2010-2011 by structured interviews from a sample of 110 spousal caregivers. (haifa.ac.il)
  • Female migrant domestic workers are particularly vulnerable since many work within private homes, isolated from community supports. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One of the biggest social transformations is population ageing. (who.int)
  • Kinship network ties with family members back home were fraught with infidelity, difficulty parenting, misuse of remittances, and family misconceptions of domestic workers' situation abroad. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To strengthen the evidence base 'what works', 'how' and 'why' for social protection to contribute to gender equality, this report proposes and presents an analytical approach to evidence generation on gender-responsive social protection for gender-transformative change. (unicef-irc.org)
  • A BIP may support an Individualized Education Program (IEP) or could be a stand-alone plan for any student. (wapave.org)
  • Through an agreement between the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education and the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, medical practitioners participating in the Royal College MOC Program may record completion of accredited activities registered under the ACCME's "CME in Support of MOC" program in Section 3 of the Royal College's MOC Program. (netce.com)
  • Our school psychologist also split her time with other schools and primarily worked to support testing for placement in exceptional education. (veanea.org)
  • In particular, governments should support those who cannot afford the cost of computer devices and reliable internet connections. (earlyeducationgame.com)
  • Family-level nursing intervention should be also developed to promote family support. (jkpmhn.org)
  • In this podcast, Camila Perera talks to Francesca Bastagli, Director of the Equity and Social Policy programme and Principal Research Fellow at global think tank ODI, and Shivit Bakrania, Knowledge Management Specialist at the UNICEF Office of Research-Innocenti to discuss the results of our recent systematic review investigating the impact of social protection programmes on gender equality in low and middle-income countries. (unicef-irc.org)