Support application of immobilized enzymes. Medical search. Frequent questions

The effects of P.H are to the changes in the tonic state of both amino acid residues of the enzymes and substrate molecules. (researchwap.com)
Agricultural waste, such as rice husks, contains silica reserves that can be processed into nano silica and used as a substrate for the immobilization of enzymes. (teriin.org)
The fundamental molecular components of an ELISA typically include the use of antibody conjugated to an enzyme, an immobilized molecule(s) of interest, and a detection substrate. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Because of their high substrate affinities, enzymes are typically well suited for treating dilute wastes. (docksci.com)
The Avidin-Biotin system has been utilized extensively for enzyme-linked immuno solid-phase assay (ELISA), in which an enzyme-Avidin conjugate (useful for detection by reaction with the enzyme's substrate to afford a colored or chemiluminescent product) is employed to detect the presence of a biotinylated antibody, after first binding the antibody to an immobilized antigen or hapten. (justia.com)
A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts. (lookformedical.com)
When enzymes are immobilized to an electronically active substrate, enzymatic reactions can be transduced by direct electron transport. (materialstoday.com)

The properties of the immobilized biocatalysts were influenced by the characteristics of enzyme, support material and the immobilization method. (chemistrymag.org)
In order to ensure the optimum performance of the immobilized enzymes in industrial operations, it is also required to study the effect of coupling agents (spacer arms and ligands) on the properties of the immobilized enzymes. (upm.edu.my)
Hence the objectives in this research are to study the potential of bleached kenaf bast micro fibre as the support matrix for covalent immobilization of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) and also to investigate the effect of different spacer arms and ligands on the properties of the immobilized CGTase. (upm.edu.my)
In addition, the present study has also proven the importance of selecting suitable coupling agents as they have different effect on the properties of the immobilized enzymes. (upm.edu.my)

All enzymes are conjugated proteins and usually associated with non - proteins groups. (researchwap.com)
1. TEMPERATURE: An increase in temperature of an enzymes increase the rate of all chemical reactions include those catalyze by the enzymes, it also increases the rate of denaturation of enzymes proteins, denaturation occur more readily. (researchwap.com)
A suitable support should have high affinity to proteins, reactive functional groups, hydrophilicity, mechanical stability and rigidity. (chemistrymag.org)
Enzymes are usually proteins, however CATALYTIC RNA and CATALYTIC DNA molecules have also been identified. (lookformedical.com)
The separated proteins are then transferred or blotted to a nitrocellulose or a PVDF membrane to immobilize the protein. (bdbiosciences.com)
High-resolution imaging in life or fixed cells, immobilization and affinity purification of functional proteins and protein complexes, and even therapeutic applications - everything is possible! (nano-tag.com)
In bacteriophage research and therapy, most applications ask for highly purified phage suspensions, as such it is crucial to reduce proteins, endotoxins, DNA and other contaminants. (biaseparations.com)
Available online 25 January 2010 peaks have been linked to a dipolar flip-flop polarization transfer from 1H nuclei to rapidly relaxing amide 14N nuclei in rotationally immobilized proteins. (lu.se)

Polymeric materials are used in medical laboratory equipment for blood analysis and biosensors and as well as extracorporeal liver support-albumin dialysis with the Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS). (purolite.com)
Thus, for instance, we are developing bio-hybrids amenable to association with bioactive species, such as enzymes for the implementation of biosensors, micro-organisms such as algae to be immobilized in a supported phase, or even viruses for the creation of new and improving vaccines. (csic.es)

Although the characteristics of enzymes are extremely unique, their utility in the industry is limited due to the lack of re-usability, stability, and high-cost of production. (wikipedia.org)
Enzyme stability and kinetic characteristics can be altered due to changes in the microenvironment conditions of the enzyme after entrapment, support material attachment, or products of enzymatic actions for instance. (wikipedia.org)
It can be used for raising mechanical stability and can be also used for the reduction of leaching events of enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
This is followed by determination of the immobilized CGTases properties such as storage stability and reusability. (upm.edu.my)
This indicates that the thermal stability for the immobilized CGTases are higher when compared to free CGTase. (upm.edu.my)
For storage stability at 60oC, CGTase immobilized with ethylenediamine and o-phthalaldehyde, has retained 60% of its initial activity after 15 days of storage. (upm.edu.my)
the enzyme must have sufficient stability to be effective under the required operating conditions. (docksci.com)
The operational stability of the immobilized inulinase was studied in continuous fixed bed colurnn reactor for 782 hours with 58,12% of residual activity. (unesp.br)
Enzymes immobilized on magnetic supports have obtained remarkably high operational stability and maintained good activity even after several repeated uses in batch processes. (archive.org)
Bioremediation with immobilized enzymes has several advantages, such as the enhancement of selectivity, activity, and stability of biocatalysts, as well as enzyme reusability. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

Other enzymes and lipases from other microorganisms were also tested in the biocatalytic esterification of mono-and disaccharides. (researchgate.net)
Lipases are one of the most used enzymes in the pharmaceutical industry due to their efficiency in organic syntheses, mainly in the production of enantiopure drugs. (port.ac.uk)
Additionally, lipases can be immobilized in different supports that enable improved properties and enzyme reuse. (port.ac.uk)
Here, we review approaches for strain and protein engineering, immobilization and the application of lipases in the pharmaceutical industry. (port.ac.uk)
Immobilized lipases are used in medical devices for the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, where fat malabsorption can lead to decreased caloric intake and deficiencies of fatty acids (FA), important for growth and development. (purolite.com)

Magnetic nanoparticles due to their unique properties have emerged as an excellent support for the immobilization/stabilization of enzymes. (archive.org)
An interesting approach combines the stabilization of enzymes in ionic liquids and an immobilization of the active phase on a solid support, which allows to biocatalyst's recycling and its application in continuous flow and batch processes. (encyclopedia.pub)

was employed to be immobilized on the above support with glutaraldehyde as crosslinker. (chemistrymag.org)
However for reusability, CGTase immobilized using ethylenediamine and glutaraldehyde retains the highest residual activity (72.72%) after 12 cycles of batch reaction. (upm.edu.my)
Commercial laccase was immobilized by crosslinking on chitosan using glutaraldehyde. (liu.se)

ELISAs that use direct detection methods require an immobilized antigen that is bound directly to the surface of an assay plate or indirectly by a capture antibody, followed by an antigen-specific primary antibody conjugated to an enzyme, and the detection substrate. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Indirect detection benefits from increased immunoreactivity with the target antigen as the conjugated enzyme element is only present on the secondary antibody. (sigmaaldrich.com)
In addition to direct and indirect detection methods, capture or "sandwich" assays use an additional antigen-capturing antibody that is first attached to the microplate surface, followed by the use of both a primary and an enzyme-conjugated secondary antibody, similar to the indirect method previously described. (sigmaaldrich.com)

For a support material to be ideal, it must be hydrophilic, inert towards enzymes, biocompatible, microbial attack and compression resistant, and must be affordable. (wikipedia.org)
we ivestigated how microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance can be affected by laccase and manganese peroxidase (MnP) enzymes as catalysts in the cathode compartment. (liu.se)
Performance of microbial lipase on different polymeric supports is briefly considered, showing the reduction in reaction kinetics when the enzyme is immobilized compared with deployment in free solution. (rsc.org)

detection of gene probes, enzyme-linked immuno solid-phase assay, monoclonal antibody drug targeting and medical imaging. (justia.com)
The primary antibody usually recognizes a specific protein or epitope and is conjugated or tagged to a fluorescent dye or an enzyme to enable subsequent detection. (bdbiosciences.com)
Unlike western blots, ELISAs are carried out in plates with a specific antibody immobilized onto the plate. (bdbiosciences.com)

Enzymes are bio-catalysts which play an essential role in the enhancement of chemical reactions in cells without being persistently modified, wasted, nor resulting in the loss of equilibrium of chemical reactions. (wikipedia.org)
The facilitation of biochemical reactions with the aid of naturally occurring catalysts such as ENZYMES. (lookformedical.com)
The properties of these materials are studied considering not only their more classical uses , i.e. as adsorbents and catalysts, but also other advanced applications derived from their electrical, magnetical, optical, opto-electronical, etc., properties, and more recently with a focus on biotechnology and biomedicine. (csic.es)

The enzyme possesses enzymatic activities such as transamidation/crosslinking and non-enzymatic functions such as cell migration and signal transduction. (sharif.edu)
Application of this enzymatic electrode was investigated in the cathode chamber of a MFC. (liu.se)
This chapter provides a short review of the field of enzymatic biotransformation and its application to chemical reactions and products of industrial relevance. (rsc.org)
Enzymatic treatment with proteolytic enzymes (i.e. pepsin, trypsin or pronase) has been performed to expose the masked antigens. (enzolifesciences.com)

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is another type of immunoassay widely used for protein analysis. (bdbiosciences.com)

An overview of the principles and applications of Western blotting for protein detection. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Protein immobilization, via covalent bonding or physical adsorption on the support, ensures high stabilities and activities. (encyclopedia.pub)
In recent years bacteriophages were identified as a useful potential tool for different applications such as alternative to antibiotics, detection of pathogenic bacteria, delivery vehicles for protein and DNA vaccines and as gene therapy delivery vehicles. (biaseparations.com)
Allergen avoidance strategies including personal protective equipment, engineering controls, protein encapsulation, and reduction of airborne enzyme concentrations are required to mitigate occupational exposure to fungal enzymes. (cdc.gov)
1 nucleus with a static residual quadrupole coupling, also for the water-1H magnetization, even in systems with high enhanced I-spin relaxation is observed at I-spin Larmor frequencies water content, as long as the protein component is immobilized matching an eigenfrequency of the static S-spin Hamiltonian. (lu.se)

Enzyme immobilization by covalent binding is a technique that localizes the enzymes on a support material through the formation of covalent bonds, with retained catalytic activity. (upm.edu.my)

It also lets enzymes be held in place throughout the reaction, following which they are easily separated from the products and may be used again - a far more efficient process and so is widely used in industry for enzyme catalysed reactions. (wikipedia.org)
One of the hardest processes before the immobilization process itself, is the selection of support material since it relies on the enzyme type , reaction of media, safety policy of hydrodynamic and reaction conditions. (wikipedia.org)
As adsorption is not a chemical reaction, the active site of the immobilized enzyme may be blocked by the matrix or bead, greatly reducing the activity of the enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
If the volume of Immobilized T4 DNA Ligase is less than 10% of the total reaction volume, then set-up the reaction in the following order: start by adding the water…then add ligase reaction buffer…then add the DNA substrates…and finally add the immobilized enzyme. (neb.com)
If the volume of immobilized T4 DNA Ligase is more than 10% of the total reaction volume, an additional set of steps is recommended. (neb.com)
We hope these immobilized T4 DNA ligase usage guidelines for bead preparation and reaction set up have been helpful. (neb.com)
Liases: these are enzymes that catalyze cleaving of bones by reaction. (researchwap.com)
First, since an enzyme can catalyze only a single reaction, or a small number of closely related reactions, it is essential that the enzyme-catalyzed step be useful. (docksci.com)
For most applications, the STR thus introduces a need for filtration after the reaction is completed. (spinchem.com)
Enzymes are often used in these sensors because of their specificity and the reaction products can be electrochemically transduced for the measurement. (materialstoday.com)

Immobilized enzyme was settled on graphite electrode previously covered with polymerized methylene blue. (liu.se)
produced from a white rot fungus isolate and was immobilized on the graphite electrode via adsorption. (liu.se)
The approach is to develop a novel method for orienting enzymes immobilized onto the electrode surface that results in facilitated charge transfer. (sbir.gov)

Meanwhile b-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae was studied to be immobilized on the dry chitosan macrospheres with and without treatment of glycerol solution, the results showed that the former was more suitable to immobilize enzyme than the latter. (chemistrymag.org)
Chitosan macrospheres with size falling into millimetre range were often used to immobilize enzyme for practical purposes, and it was often prepared by a simple method¡ªthe precipitation method [3] . (chemistrymag.org)
Unfortunately, the macrospheres obtained shrunk greatly during drying because a lot of water was lost, thus the wet chitosan was generally stored in aqueous solution, which would largely limit the industrial applications of chitosan. (chemistrymag.org)

Biocatalytic kinetic effect of α -chymotrypsin enzyme has been investigated in its free and pretreated forms (it was covered by a very thin, porous polymer layer, called enzyme nanoparticle) as well as its immobilized form into pores of polysulfone/polyamide asymmetric, hydrophilic membrane. (mdpi.com)

Enzyme immobilisation technology is an effective means to improve sugar ester production through the employment of biocatalysts. (researchgate.net)
Application of solid-phase biocatalysts had become important during the last decades. (chemistrymag.org)
At 60°C in aqueous media the more stable biocatalysts were GS-PsL and OGS-AsL (half-lives of 566 and 248 h, respectively), showing the advantage of a heterofunctional support in the latter case. (pucv.cl)

Various kinds of required modifications in magnetic nanoparticles have been made in order to use them for immobilization of enzymes, hydrolases. (archive.org)

Enzymes can be classified according to their catalytic actions on various compounds. (researchwap.com)
A third prerequisite is that the enzyme must have an appropriate catalytic activity and affinity for the reactant as compared to alternative treatment methods. (docksci.com)
Enzymes which are immobilized on or in a variety of water-soluble or water-insoluble matrices with little or no loss of their catalytic activity. (lookformedical.com)

1.1 Enzymes: These can be defined as the substances which catalyzing or alter the rate of chemical reactions. (researchwap.com)
All these factors allow high conversions, yields, selectivity, and enantioselectivities to be achieved, and make SILC, SCIL, SILP, and SILLP methods attractive for reactions that are catalyzed by the enzymes. (encyclopedia.pub)
The nanomaterials used in the supported ionic liquid phases, for the biocatalytic reactions described before, are summarized in Table 2 . (encyclopedia.pub)
Our objective is to significantly increase the electron transfer efficiency of the enzyme-catalyzed reactions at electrodes and thereby establish a new state-of-the-art power source for military and commercial systems. (sbir.gov)

Water- or oxygenrequiring enzymes (e.g., hydrolases or oxygenases, respectively) are the most obvious candidates for waste applications, while enzymes that require cell-generated cosubstrates (e.g. (docksci.com)
Enzymes from varying subclasses of hydrolases have successfully been immobilized on the surface of modified and unmodified magnetic nanoparticles or entrapped within the network of polymeric support containing magnetic nanoparticles. (archive.org)

Glassy carbon electrodes modified with a dispersion of multi-wall carbon nanotubes in dopamine-functionalized polyethylenimine: Characterization and analytical applications for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide quantification. (univ-grenoble-alpes.fr)

The process uses water-soluble enzymes capable of asymmetric hydrolysis to provide products in a desired enantiomeric form. (justia.com)

However, a continuous production of fructose requires the use of an immobilized inulinase. (unesp.br)
The optimum pH of immobilized inulinase remained the sarne as that of free enzyme (3,5). (unesp.br)

In this study, naked or modified MnFe O magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were used as supports for the immobilization of laccase from Trametes versicolor. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

Adsorption can take place through weak non-specific forces, such as van der waals, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions, whereas in ionic bonding the enzymes are bound through salt linkages. (wikipedia.org)
Immobilized enzymes are enzymes that are bound to a solid support. (neb.com)
The magnetic nanoparticles bound enzymes have independently been used in various fields such as biomedical, biotechnological, environmental, bioanalysis, therapeutic and several other applications. (archive.org)

Adsorption on glass, alginate beads or matrix: Enzyme is attached to the outside of an inert material. (wikipedia.org)
Learn about immobilized enzymes on beads and how to use NEB's Immobilized T4 DNA Ligase. (neb.com)

The first synthetic immobilized enzyme was made in the 1950s, performed by the inclusion of enzyme into polymeric matrices or binding onto carrier substances. (wikipedia.org)
Polymeric resins are widely used in medical devices for applications that require separation and purification. (purolite.com)

Depending on the method, secondary detection is carried out using antibodies conjugated to enzymes or fluorophores. (bdbiosciences.com)

In this review, we first introduce the working principle of TENGs and their working modes, and then summarize the current research status of cellular function regulation and fate determination stimulated by TENGs, and also analyze their application prospects for changing various processes of cell activity. (bvsalud.org)

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot ) assay enables visualization of multiple secretory products from a single responding cell. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The use of hydrophobic ionic liquids enables high specific activities of the enzymes to be obtained, for all types of techniques. (encyclopedia.pub)

Additionally, it is important to consider maintaining the tertiary structure of an enzyme prior to immobilizing to have a functional enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
Consequently, there are three foundational factors to be thought of for the production of functional immobilized enzymes: immobilization supports selection, conditions and methods of immobilization. (wikipedia.org)

Since the enzyme in this process does not interact chemically with the polymer/ material of the support fibers/lattice, it remains protected from denaturation with time. (wikipedia.org)
The ultrafine fibers are generated by the application of a strong electric field on polymer solution or melt. (ijpsr.com)
In this work we have tested as a support a biodegradable polymer called PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate), on which the CueO enzyme, Escherichia coli, was immobilized through an affinity tag called BioF, allowing its attachment to the support. (umh.es)
A medical device targeted to remove urea uses a different enzyme, urease, immobilized on a polymer. (purolite.com)

We further compared neutralization capacity of vaccination-induced IgG against 4 SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta) by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor-binding domain competition assay. (cdc.gov)

Biological applications with a focus on permeability enhancing, antimicrobial activity, and antibiofilm properties of 6′-lactose-based esters are also reported. (researchgate.net)
Immobilization of biological macromolecules is also considered a special case of bioconjugation in which the macromolecule is conjugated, either reversibly or irreversibly, to an insoluble solid phase support. (justia.com)
So imagine a biological water 'filter' as the application. (ncsu.edu)

The temperature range generally oscillates between 40 °C and 60 °C, a characteristic interval of the immobilized form, which usually guarantees better conditions because it is more stable than the free form. (researchgate.net)
One group was washed with distilled water for three times and stored in a refrigerator for use (support III) and the other was dried in a vacuum desiccator for 8 hours at 85 o C and then stored at room temperature for use (support IV). (chemistrymag.org)
Besides, a shift in optimum temperature was also detected from 60oC (free CGTase) to 70oC (immobilized CGTases). (upm.edu.my)
The BioF-CueO immobilized enzyme is able to degrade dyes in a variety of pH and temperature conditions. (umh.es)
In order to ensure that the enzyme degrades optimally this work tests, the effect of several components (CuSO4, acetic acid, etc.) on the enzyme activity, as well as, at what temperature range the immobilized enzyme can work and if a bacterial extract overexpressing BioF-CueO could be used instead of the purified enzyme, to achieve, in this way, lower costs to industry. (umh.es)

6]. Some of the best examples of high-molecular-weight sectors, workers are at increased risk of becoming sensitized occupational allergens are the fungal enzymes. (cdc.gov)

The YSI 2500 Glucose/Lactate Analyzer is a cost effective biochemistry analyzer, supporting identical analytical methodologies for glucose and lactate assays. (ysi.com)
The YSI 2500 Glucose/Lactate Analyzer is the cost effective alternative to the 2900D Analyzer , supporting identical analytical methodologies for glucose and lactate assays only. (ysi.com)

Covering a range from pM to nM affinities, this highly specific sdAb ensemble allows for an unmatched spectrum of applications. (nano-tag.com)

Glycolipid surfactants are biocompatible and biodegradable compounds characterized by potential applications in various sectors including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agriculture, and food production. (researchgate.net)

Since this strategy is based on the use of an enzyme and not viable microorganisms, recombinant DNA technology could be used without the problems associated with releasing genetically altered microorganisms into the environment. (docksci.com)

ELISAs also use colorimetric or enzyme-based methods for detection. (bdbiosciences.com)

α-glucosidase is an essential enzyme for the production of isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs). (mdpi.com)
Subsequently, fermentation conditions were developed to enhance enzyme production, and this fermentation was scaled-up to the pilot scale. (docksci.com)
The procedure developed in our group can be considered as a remarkable eco-friendly and low-cost approach promising for large scale production of graphene-like materials for potential applications such as conducting fillers in nanocomposites, electroactive elements of electrochemical devices (sensors, Li-batteries, supercapacitors,etc) and hydrogen storage. (csic.es)
In some occupational environments, workers are at an increased risk of exposure to fungal enzymes used in industrial production. (cdc.gov)
The utilization of new and emerging fungal enzymes in industrial production will present new occupational exposures. (cdc.gov)

With 40 years of manufacturing expertise and 30 years of regulatory experience, we supply leading separation, purification and extraction technologies to support chromatography and biocatalysis applications in healthcare and life sciences. (purolite.com)

Due to the hydrophobic character, ionic liquids that are composed of an imidazolium cation with a long alkyl chain and less nucleophilicity of anion, are the most suitable for enzyme stabilization. (encyclopedia.pub)

This is an irreversible physical immobilization technique which can be considered as a physical restriction of enzyme in a specified area/space. (wikipedia.org)
We also offer solutions for automation, site-directed mutagenesis, as well as your favorite restriction enzyme, ligase or competent cell products. (neb.com)

tant to denaturation mediated by organic solvents and less inhibitory to their specific inhibitors compared to free enzymes. (archive.org)

C, a characteristic interval of the immobilized form, which usually guarantees better conditions because it is more stable than the free form. (researchgate.net)
From the results, when 55.6 U/mL of free CGTase was initially added during immobilization, the recovered activity of immobilized CGTases are in the range of 0.16 to 0.24 U/(mg fibre). (upm.edu.my)
T h e cell-free culture fluid (i.e., a nonpurified enzyme solution) was observed to be capable of effectively hydrolyzing organophosphate compounds under laboratory and simulated in situ conditions. (docksci.com)
In this work, the crude enzyme broth free celis from Kluyveromyces marxianus var. (unesp.br)
K (Free enzyme) and 20,27 KJ/rnol. (unesp.br)
The most promising system for use in repeated batches was MNPs-CS -lac, which degraded about 80% of diclofenac compared to 70% of the free enzyme. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Finally, the intensification of the lipolytic hydrolysis of a triglyceride ester in the presence of an electrical field using enzyme in free solution is described. (rsc.org)
This process is able to utilize either the crude or purified forms of these enzymes in either free form or immobilized on support, while providing compounds of formula III having optical purity of 99 percent and above. (justia.com)

Enzymes can be immobilized by physical, or chemical methods including: A straightforward method for reversible immobilization, involving the enzymes being adsorbed or attached physically onto a support substance. (wikipedia.org)
Applications of the Avidin-Biotin system number in the hundreds, and have recently been reviewed (Wilchek, M. and Bayer, E. A., (1990) Methods in Enzymology, 184). (justia.com)
This includes modifying enzymes for improved performance, developing methods to bind them to the graphene surface, incorporation of the functionalized graphene on a field-effect transistor (FET), and integration into a microfluidic device suitable for home use. (materialstoday.com)

Bioactive building supports, capable of degrading dyes used in the textile industry, is a promising strategy for the elimination of these compounds in the wastewater produced after the dyeing process, achieving the reduction of its detrimental effect on the environment. (umh.es)

Furthermore, it was tested whether the activity of the immobilized enzyme could be decreased after several uses. (umh.es)
1975. [Effect of methyl parathion or zineb administration on the activity of some hepatic enzymes in rats]. (cdc.gov)

Porosity and chemical surface of silica supports, before and after functionalization and after immobilization, were characterized by gas adsorption and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. (pucv.cl)

Nanomaterials are an attractive group of materials for supported ionic liquid phase techniques. (encyclopedia.pub)
Nanomaterials used for supported ionic liquid phases in the biocatalysis. (encyclopedia.pub)

Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of sugar esters, as lactulose palmitate, requires harsh conditions, making it necessary to immobilize the enzyme. (pucv.cl)

Covalent immobilization is popular for minimizing leaching of the immobilized enzymes. (upm.edu.my)
Spin-coated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) at optimized instrumental deposition conditions was applied to prepare the effective medium for glucose oxidase enzyme (GOx) covalent immobilization through cyanuric chloride (GOx/nano-ZnO/PVA/FTO). (frontiersin.org)

Similarly, another crucial site for the functionality of an enzyme is the active-site, which should also be maintained while enzyme is being attached to a surface for immobilization, it is a must to have a selective method for the attachment of surface/material to not end up with an immobilized, but dysfunctional enzyme. (wikipedia.org)

Immobilized enzymes are easily to be handled, simply separated from their products, and can be reused. (wikipedia.org)
It also allows easier separation between the products and the immobilized enzymes. (upm.edu.my)

Trimethoxysilyl and acrylamide-bisacrylamide polymers have been used for synthesis of enzyme nanoparticles. (mdpi.com)

The history of enzymes may be regarded as commencing with the work of Dubrunfaut, (1830) who prepared malt extract from germinating barley seeds. (researchwap.com)

The gene coding for parathion hydrolase was cloned into a Streptomyces liuidans, and this transformed bacterium was observed to express and excrete this enzyme. (docksci.com)
Many of the most compelling applications of bacteriophages involve human therapy, some pertinent to gene therapy, others involving antibiotic replacement. (biaseparations.com)

However, there are some commonly used supports such as silica-based carriers, acrylic resins, synthetic polymers, active membranes and exchange resins. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy7

Organisms11

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs44

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment89

Phenomena and Processes39

Disciplines and Occupations25

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture26

Information Science41

Health Care19

Geographicals1

Substrate7

Properties of the immobilized4

Proteins8

Biosensors2

Stability10

Lipases5

Stabilization of enzymes2

Glutaraldehyde3

Antigen3

Microbial3

Antibody3

Catalysts3

Enzymatic4

Immunosorbent Assay1

Protein5

Retained catalytic activity1

Reaction10

Electrode3

Chitosan3

Kinetic1

Biocatalysts3

Immobilization of enzymes1

Catalytic3

Reactions4

Hydrolases2

Electrodes1

Water-soluble1

Inulinase2

Laccase1

Bound3

Beads2

Polymeric2

Antibodies1

Processes1

Enables2

Functional2

Polymer4

Assay1

Biological3

Temperature5

Molecular1

LACTATE2

Affinities1

Biocompatible1

Microorganisms1

Detection1

Production5

Biocatalysis applications1

Hydrophobic1

Restriction2

Denaturation1

Free8

Methods3

Reduction1

Activity2

Adsorption1

Ionic2

Esters1

Covalent immobilization2

Similarly1

Products2

Synthesis1

Extract1

Gene2

Silica-based1