Superfamily ion channel gating. Medical search. Frequent questions

Avermectins interact with vertebrate and invertebrate GABA receptors and invertebrate glutamate-gated chloride channels. (nih.gov)
This includes examples of ligand-gated receptors , voltage gated ion channels and the G-protein coupled receptors. (southampton.ac.uk)
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are selective ion channels that belong to the Cys-loop superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels. (ucl.ac.uk)
NMDAR1 encodes a protein that is a critical subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, members of the glutamate receptor channel superfamily which are heteromeric protein complexes with multiple subunits arranged to form a ligand-gated ion channel. (thermofisher.com)
A subfamily of ligand-gated ion channel receptors that share a characteristic loop which is formed by a disulfide bond between two CYSTEINE residues. (bvsalud.org)
Though researchers' attention and this Viewpoint focus on a few famous ion channels that are considered the usual suspects as MS mechanosensors, we also discuss some of the more unusual suspects, such as G-protein coupled receptors. (stanford.edu)
The Cys-loop class of LGICs forms a superfamily of ionotropic receptors that includes two types of anion-permeable channels , which are represented by receptors for the neurotransmitters GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and glycine, and allow negatively charged chloride ions to migrate through the cell membrane. (axonmedchem.com)
Many ion channels (such as most Na, K, Ca and some Cl channels) are gated by voltage but others (such as certain K and Cl channels, TRP channels, ryanodine receptors and IP 3 receptors) are relatively voltage-insensitive and are gated by second messengers and other intracellular and/or extracellular mediators. (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)
Currently, ion channels (including ligand-gated ion channels) represent the second largest target for existing drugs after G protein-coupled receptors [ 5 ]. (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)
The ligand-gated ion channel receptor superfamily includes receptors for glycine, GABA, acetylcholine and serotonin. (edu.hk)
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are in the superfamily of the ligand-gated ion channels with an assembly of five subunits (a, bsubunit). (longdom.org)
Among its key targets are synaptic ligand-gated ion channels of the pentameric superfamily, including nicotinic acetylcholine and GABA(A) receptors. (uiuc.edu)
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are members of a broader super-family of proteins called Cys-loop receptors that function as ion channels on cell surfaces and are found in the membranes of many cell types. (phys.org)
When the right molecule settles on these receptors, it opens the gated channels, letting ions flood from the outside to the inside of cells to trigger other cellular processes. (phys.org)
These potent peptides, which fold into small, highly structured frameworks, largely target ion channels, either voltage- or ligand-gated receptors and transporters in excitable cells. (medscape.com)

His interests and those of his research groups have included exploring the mechanisms of ion permeation and selectivity in ion channels, the relationship between the molecular structure and the physiological function of channels, such as those of the inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor glycine channel and the olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel, and investigating the factors that determine their ion permeation, selectivity and conductance. (edu.au)
The protein encoded by this gene is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit and a member of a superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels that mediate fast signal transmission at synapses. (nih.gov)
Each receptor-channel complex consists of five homologous subunits arranged symmetrically around a gated chloride channel. (asahq.org)
The adenosine-5' triphosphate (ATP)-gated, ion channel, P2X receptor superfamily has seven members expressed by many cancer types. (mdpi.com)
In this study, we used known agonists of the P2X7 receptor to induce calcium influx and YO-PRO-1 uptake in murine MOPC315.BM myeloma cells as readouts of P2X7 receptor-mediated channel activation and pore formation, respectively. (mdpi.com)
The ankyrin-like receptor family ( TRPA1 ) is a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of ion channels. (tocris.com)
Marine toxins have potent actions on diverse sodium ion channels regulated by transmembrane voltage (voltage-gated ion channels) or by neurotransmitters (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channels). (mdpi.com)

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) family members mediate Ca 2+ influx from cellular stores in plants (Charpentier et al. (elifesciences.org)
Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels mediate transduction in several sensory neurons. (univpm.it)

The results reveal a mechanism by which quantitative competition between channel subunits for tetramer assembly can impact the phenotype of the mutation carrier. (elifesciences.org)
The crystal structure of TrkH from Vibrio parahaemolyticus showed that TrkH resembles a K(+) channel and may have a gating mechanism substantially different from K(+) channels. (cornell.edu)
Gating of ASICs occurs on a millisecond time scale and the mechanism involves three conformational states: high pH resting, low pH open and low pH desensitized. (cornell.edu)
Here we present structures of the high pH resting state of homotrimeric chicken (Gallus gallus) ASIC1a, determined by X-ray crystallography and single particle cryo-electron microscopy, and present a comprehensive molecular mechanism for proton-dependent gating in ASICs. (cornell.edu)
An apparent Mg 2+ ion was bound between monomers at a conserved site in the cytoplasmic domain suggesting a mechanism to link gating of the pore to the intracellular concentration of Mg 2+ . (tcdb.org)

Many eukaryotic channels have four additional transmembrane helices (TM) (Pfam PF00520), related to or vestigial of voltage gating. (wikipedia.org)
The HVCN1 and Putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase proteins do not contain an expected ion conduction pore domain, but rather have homology only to the voltage sensor domain of voltage gated ion channels. (wikipedia.org)
the overall structure of this ion channel is found to share some common features with voltage-gated ion channels, although several unique, TRP-specific features are also characterized. (nature.com)
brush resides in a cluster of redundant CNGCs encoding subunits which resemble metazoan voltage-gated potassium (Kv1-Kv4) channels in assembly and gating properties. (elifesciences.org)
2011) The crystal structure of a voltage-gated sodium channel. (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)
2005) Overview of molecular relationships in the voltage-gated ion channel superfamily. (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)
CNG channels belong to the superfamily of voltage-gated channels, where the motion of the α-helix S6 controls gating in most of its members. (univpm.it)
Therefore, the superfamily of voltage-gated channels shares a similar molecular architecture but has evolved divergent gating mechanisms. (univpm.it)
The title of her thesis is "Structural Evidence Supporting the Expansion of the Voltage-gated Ion Channel (VIC) Superfamily with Inclusion of the. (ucsd.edu)
Scn10a is a tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit. (thermofisher.com)
Scn10a mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. (thermofisher.com)
Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, Scn10a forms a sodium-selective channel through which sodium ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. (thermofisher.com)
Predicted to be part of voltage-gated potassium channel complex. (mcw.edu)
This review examines the historical perspective of the study of conotoxin peptides active on sodium channels gated by transmembrane voltage, which has led to recent advances in ion channel research made possible with the exploitation of the diversity of these marine toxins. (mdpi.com)
[ 8 ] A "lightning-strike cabal" triggers an "electrical storm" by depolarizing neurons around the injection site by preventing closing of voltage-gated sodium channels and blocking potassium efflux channels. (medscape.com)

Fluorescence imaging is an indispensable method for analysis of diverse cellular and molecular processes, enabling, for example, detection of ions, second messengers, or metabolites. (jneurosci.org)
Molecular dynamics simulations show how protonation of Kir2.2[G178D], or the D173 pore-lining residues, changes solvation, K + ion occupancy, and K + conductance. (nature.com)
In the G178D structure, the HBC gate is slightly wider than in previous structures, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrate rapid wetting of the G178D pore at the HBC region, followed by further expansion and K + conductance through the channel. (nature.com)
1. Doyle DA, Morais Cabral J, Pfuetzner RA, Kuo A, Gulbis JM, Cohen SL, Chait BT, MacKinnon R. (1998) The structure of the potassium channel: molecular basis of K+ conduction and selectivity. (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)
3. Dutzler R, Campbell EB, Cadene M, Chait BT, MacKinnon R. (2002) X-ray structure of a ClC chloride channel at 3.0 A reveals the molecular basis of anion selectivity. (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)
4. Hille B. (1986) Ionic channels: molecular pores of excitable membranes. (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)
To date, only the open, cGMP-bound, structure of a CNG channel has been determined at atomic resolution, which is inadequate to determine the molecular events underlying gating. (univpm.it)
Furthermore, by using refined sequence alignments and molecular dynamics simulations (now including advanced methods, such as metadynamics), we were able to understand the specific evolution of this member of the ABC transporter family towards a channel function, especially by highlighting the presence of cytoplasmic portals allowing ion flux from the cytosol. (sorbonne-universite.fr)

This gene encodes a member of the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel (DEG/ENaC) superfamily. (ageing-map.org)
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are trimeric, proton-gated and sodium-selective members of the epithelial sodium channel/degenerin (ENaC/DEG) superfamily of ion channels and are expressed throughout vertebrate central and peripheral nervous systems. (cornell.edu)
Epithelial sodium channels are amiloride-sensitive members of the Degenerin/epithelial sodium channel (Deg/ENaC) superfamily of ion channels. (thermofisher.com)
Structurally, members of Deg/ENaC superfamily of ion channels share organizational similarity in that they all possess two short intracellular amino and carboxyl termini, two short membrane spanning segments, and a large extracellular loop with a conserved cysteine-rich region. (thermofisher.com)
ENaC is thought to be regulated, in part, through association with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride ion channel. (thermofisher.com)
symbol":"ASIC1","synonyms":["ASIC","BNAC2","ACCN2"],"name":"acid sensing (proton gated) ion channel 1","description":"This gene encodes a member of the acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) family of proteins, which are part of the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel (DEG/ENaC) superfamily. (maayanlab.cloud)

We find that the electrophysiological and structural properties of these proteins indicate that they are new members of the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily. (nih.gov)
These proteins act as channels and allow ions to move across cell membranes. (elifesciences.org)
Ion channels are pore-forming proteins that allow the flow of ions across membranes, either plasma membranes, or the membranes of intracellular organelles [ 4 ]. (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)
TrkH belongs to a superfamily of K(+) transport proteins required for growth of bacteria in low external K(+) concentrations. (cornell.edu)
In this respect, and also with respect to topology, MIT family members resemble channel proteins. (tcdb.org)
The trimeric Sec61/SecY complex is a protein-conducting channel (PCC) for secretory and membrane proteins. (cipsm.de)
Separately, the unknown contigs were also translated using all possible open reading frames and subsequently processed with SUPERFAMILY version 1.75 ( 13 ) to identify potential homologies with known proteins. (cdc.gov)

To do this, we use a combination of quantitative behavioral analysis, genetics, in vivo electrophysiology, and heterologous expression of ion channels. (stanford.edu)
2. Dunlop J, Bowlby M, Peri R, Vasilyev D, Arias R. (2008) High-throughput electrophysiology: an emerging paradigm for ion-channel screening and physiology. (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)
By using electrophysiology, site-directed mutagenesis, chemical modification, and Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy, we demonstrate that opening of CNGA1 channels is initiated by the formation of salt bridges between residues in the C-linker and S5 helix. (univpm.it)

The members of this family are amiloride-sensitive sodium channels that contain intracellular N and C termini, 2 hydrophobic transmembrane regions, and a large extracellular loop, which has many cysteine residues with conserved spacing. (ageing-map.org)

They are described as minimally having two transmembrane helices flanking a loop which determines the ion selectivity of the channel pore. (wikipedia.org)
Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels open at the 'helix bundle crossing' (HBC), formed by the M2 helices at the cytoplasmic end of the transmembrane pore. (nature.com)
Kir channels consist of only two transmembrane helices plus an extensive C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of the channel pore. (nature.com)
The channel is formed by an inner group of five helices and putatively gated by bulky hydrophobic residues. (tcdb.org)

1] Novel animal-health drug targets from ligand-gated chloride channels. (axonmedchem.com)

The transmembrane cation channel superfamily was defined in InterPro and Pfam as the family of tetrameric ion channels. (wikipedia.org)

We will use examples of specific molecules and cell-cell interactions to provide explicit details of such function to highlight core principles of neuronal development, ion channel function, synaptic transmission and membrane excitability. (southampton.ac.uk)
His current research is now concentrating on liquid junction potential effects on membrane potential measurements and their role in ion permeation and selectivity, and the reliability of their calculation and measurement, including the importance of using ion activities in their calculation in many situations, and complications that can arise in solutions containing polyvalent ion mixtures. (edu.au)
Biological Membrane Ion Channels , edn. (edu.au)

Moreover, our experiments identified TRPV4 channels as hitherto unappreciated contributors to neuronal Na + loading on metabolic failure, suggesting this pathway as a possible target to ameliorate excitotoxic damage. (jneurosci.org)

This also includes the 2-TM inward-rectifier potassium channels (Pfam PF01007) found primarily in eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)

In addition, a heteromeric association between this member and acid-sensing (proton-gated) ion channel 3 has been observed to co-assemble into proton-gated channels sensitive to gadolinium. (ageing-map.org)

Therefore, it can be considered as a "broken" ABC transporter, having an atrophied or uncoupled cytoplasmic-side gate. (sorbonne-universite.fr)

For example, a negatively charged amino acid in a7's inner channel seems to draw in positively charged calcium from outside cells , explaining why a7 is so permeable to calcium. (phys.org)

CFTR belongs to the large ABC transporter superfamily, but is the only member known to function as an ion channel. (sorbonne-universite.fr)

There are commonly additional regulatory domains which serve to regulate ion conduction and channel gating. (wikipedia.org)

Subunits share topology with all members of the cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel superfamily: a large extracellular N-terminal domain, four transmembrane domains (TM1-4), and a large intracellular loop between TM3 and TM4. (asahq.org)

This large group of ion channels apparently includes families 1.A.1, 1.A.2, 1.A.3, and 1.A.4 of the TCDB transporter classification. (wikipedia.org)

Predicted to be involved in potassium ion transmembrane transport. (mcw.edu)
Predicted to act upstream of or within potassium ion transport. (mcw.edu)

Central to this surveillance system is the movement of calcium ions into and out of cells. (elifesciences.org)
Calcium ions are normally kept at very low levels inside of cells and subtle changes in these levels relay information about the external environment. (elifesciences.org)
In the case of plant roots, changes in the concentration of calcium ions herald essential information about soil conditions and the presence of microorganisms, and in turn trigger appropriate responses. (elifesciences.org)
Calcium ion signals are essential for peas, beans and other members of the legume family to form close relationships (known as symbioses) with soil bacteria called rhizobia. (elifesciences.org)
Further experiments found that the channel formed by the mutated CNGC protein is leaky and allows calcium ions to enter the cell in the absence of any cue from the environment. (elifesciences.org)
The leaky entry of calcium ions likely confuses the plant's surveillance system, which disturbs the normal development of the root. (elifesciences.org)

Gating mechanisms of acid-sensing ion channels. (cornell.edu)
Existing X-ray structures of ASIC1a describe the conformations of the open and desensitized states, but the structure of the high pH resting state and detailed mechanisms of the activation and desensitization of the channel have remained elusive. (cornell.edu)

A C. elegans messenger RNA expressed in Xenopus oocytes encodes an avermectin-sensitive glutamate-gated chloride channel. (nih.gov)
To elucidate the structure and properties of this channel, we used Xenopus oocytes for expression cloning of two functional complementary DNAs encoding an avermectin-sensitive glutamate-gated chloride channel. (nih.gov)

Researchers had previously identified the structures of some members of the Cys-loop super-family, a significant step toward creating drugs that fit onto these ion channels to block or enhance their function. (phys.org)

This implicates expansion of the HBC as a critical step in Kir channel opening, as seen in a recent Kir6.2 structure 11 . (nature.com)
We reported the crystal structure of a chicken Kir2.2[G178D] mutant channel 12 , in which the introduced G178D mutations at the HBC functionally stabilize the open conformation, a strategy used previously to obtain an open crystal structure of a bacterial homolog KirBac3.1 13 . (nature.com)
Studies of these toxins have focused on varied aspects of venom peptides ranging from evolutionary relationships of predator and prey, biological actions on excitable tissues, potential application as pharmacological intervention in disease therapy, and as part of multiple experimental approaches towards an understanding of the atomistic characterization of ion channel structure. (mdpi.com)
Also, a curved structure on a7 seems to function as a latch to open the gated channel. (phys.org)
The syndrome is caused by changes in the structure and function of certain cardiac ion channels and reduced expression of Connexin 43 (Cx43) in the Right Ventricle (RV), predominantly in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (VSVD), causing electromechanical abnormalities. (bvsalud.org)

Ion channel gating and conductance are classically understood as separate processes. (nature.com)
Potassium channels are present in all types of cells and play critical roles in control of multiple physiological processes. (nature.com)
TRP channels are a superfamily of channels involved in processes such as nociception, taste, smell, vision and thermosensation. (hellobio.com)

Anatomy20

Organisms15

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs148

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes51

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Receptors15

Receptor7

Cyclic2

Mechanism5

Voltage15

Molecular8

ENaC6

Proteins7

Electrophysiology3

Sodium1

Helices4

Chloride Channels1

Cation1

Membrane3

Neuronal1

Inward-rectifier potassium channels1

Heteromeric1

Cytoplasmic1

Negatively charged1

CFTR1

Conduction1

Intracellular1

Transporter1

Potassium ion2

Calcium6

Mechanisms2

Glutamate2

Structures1

Structure5

Processes3