AntibioticsInhibitorsTazobactamCeftriaxoneClavulanicBacteriaCarbapenemsInhibitor combinationsInfectionsStrainsESBLSusceptibilityCefoperazoneAmpicillin plusSpectrum beta-lactamasesCefoxitinIsolatesFluoroquinolonesVancomycinCephalosporinsPseudomonasParenteralAntimicrobialsConfers resistanceResistantGenesBacterial2023AntibacterialDeterminantsEnzymesKlebsiellaExtended-spectrumAcinetobacterChemicallyInfectiveNucleusSynthesisEnterobacteriaceaeMolecularPneumoniaeTherapeutic
Antibiotics24
- This drug is given in combination with β-lactam antibiotics to inhibit β-lactamase, an enzyme produced by bacteria that destroys the antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
- Enterococci impart resistance to antibiotics in a variety of ways. (uspharmacist.com)
- Considerations for empirical therapy include an assessment regarding potential resistance to antibiotics, the infection site, anticipated achievable tissue concentrations of antibiotic, and predicted antibiotic adverse effects. (medscape.com)
- With few exceptions, the major classes of antibiotics used to manage infections with the E cloacae complex include the beta-lactams, carbapenems, the fluoroquinolones, the aminoglycosides, and TMP-SMZ. (medscape.com)
- These mutants are highly resistant to most beta-lactam antibiotics and are considered stably derepressed. (medscape.com)
- However, increasing beta-lactam resistance has made ceftriaxone and ampicillin/sulbactam the current antibiotics of choice. (msdmanuals.com)
- Beta-lactams are antibiotics that have a beta-lactam ring nucleus. (merckmanuals.com)
- The increased bacterial resistance, due to the selective pressure that represents the use of antibiotics on a large scale, especially in our hospitals, has led to the spread of strains with resistance mechanisms that often leave us with no alternatives for treatment of bacterial infections. (una.py)
- Neither beta-lactam antibiotics can be used to treat infections caused by this bacterium, not even in combination with beta-lactamase inhibitors (amoxicillin, sulbactam, tazobactam). (una.py)
- The resistance to fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin) is also worrying because they are excellent antibiotics due to their pharmacokinetics and easy administration by oral via, but with the disadvantage of presenting cross resistance. (una.py)
- We are losing these antibiotics, widely used in adult urinary tract infections as well as in gastrointestinal infections, as an empirical therapy due to the current increasing resistance. (una.py)
- Neutralization of beta-lactam antibiotics in an environmental monitoring medium. (nih.gov)
- It appears that combining various beta-lactam antibiotics with daptomycin may result in synergy against vancomycin-resistant E faecalis and E faecium . (medscape.com)
- All isolates showed resistance to more than 3 classes of antibiotics. (who.int)
- Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics increases the risk of Clostridium difficile infection and antibiotic resistance. (contagionlive.com)
- However, the effectiveness and easy access to antibiotics have also led to their overuse and some bacteria have evolved resistance to them. (worldsbest.rehab)
- A total of 118/265 (44.5%) ETEC isolates demonstrated resistance to ≥2 antibiotics. (biomedcentral.com)
- Licorice constituents reduce or reverse drug resistance in MRSA when combined with beta-lactam antibiotics. (interactionsguide.com)
- Waxman DJ and Strominger JL (1983) Penicillin-binding proteins and the mechanism of action of beta-lactam antibiotics. (toku-e.com)
- The data suggest that the mucoid phenotype could be associated with extrachromsomal element(s) carrying resistance genes to antibiotics and that these extrachromosomal elements may not harbour resistance determinants to chloramphenicol. (scirp.org)
- Penicillin (sometimes abbreviated PCN ) refers to a group of beta-lactam antibiotics used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive , organisms. (wikidoc.org)
- In Enterobacterales , the prime antimicrobial resistance mechanism against β-lactam antibiotics is mainly the production of β-lactamases, particularly extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). (frontiersin.org)
- Unfortunately, the development of new resistance mechanisms and the relatively easy transfer of resistance genes between bacterial cells is now a huge threat and makes many antibiotics ineffective. (monz.pl)
- According to the World Health Organization, recently approved antibiotics and those currently in clinical trials are not sufficient to spread drug resistance. (monz.pl)
Inhibitors3
- These enzymes are not inhibited by currently available beta-lactamase inhibitors. (merckmanuals.com)
- Addition of β-lactamase inhibitors such as Sulbactam and tazobactam to ceftriaxone increases its bactericidal properties and reduces the probability of resistance development to it. (drugstocker.com)
- Beta-lactamase inhibitors, especially sulbactam (COMBACTAM), possess intrinsic activity against Acinetobacter baumannii. (acinetobacterbaumannii.com)
Tazobactam4
- Tazobactam-piperacillin compared with sulbactam-ampicillin, clavulanic acid-ticarcillin, sulbactam-cefoperazone, and piperacillin for activity against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria isolated from patients with complicated urinary tract infections. (cmac-journal.ru)
- 8. Thomson K.S., Moland E.S. Cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, and the inoculum effect in tests with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. (cmac-journal.ru)
- The study found that 54% received piperacillin/tazobactam, 20% received a fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin), 11% received ceftriaxone, and 7% received ampicillin/sulbactam. (contagionlive.com)
- Intermediate resistance rates are observed against nitrofurantoin, piperacillin/tazobactam, and gentamicin, with increasing resistance observed against tigecycline. (frontiersin.org)
Ceftriaxone4
- For patients with CAP requiring ICU admission, a non-pseudomonal beta-lactam (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid) plus a macrolide (azithromycin or clarithromycin) should be preferred if there are no risk factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. (medicaldialogues.in)
- Ceftriaxone is stable against hydrolysis by a variety of beta-lactamases, including penicillinases, and cephalosporinases and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. (drugstocker.com)
- However, resistance to ceftriaxone usually occurs through beta-lactamase hydrolysis, altered PBPs, or reduced bacterial cell permeability. (drugstocker.com)
- Resistance to ceftriaxone is encoded mainly by the production of some beta-lactam hydrolysing enzymes (including carbapenemases and some ESBLS) especially in Gram-negative organisms. (drugstocker.com)
Clavulanic3
- Comparison of the activity of imipenem and beta-lactams combined with sulbactam and clavulanic acid in beta-lactamase-producing strains of Bacteroides fragilis. (nih.gov)
- ampicillin for amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for ampicillin-sulbactam. (vin.com)
- The impact on clavulanic acid and sulbactam is not clear, although their use in place of cephalosporins appears to reduce the emergence of ESBL and may reduce the emergence of other resistant pathogens such as Clostridium difficile and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. (vin.com)
Bacteria14
- The bacteria designated by the acronym SERMOR-PROVENF (SER = Serratia, MOR = Morganella, PROV = Providencia, EN = Enterobacter, F = freundii for Citrobacter freundii ) have similar, although not identical, chromosomal beta-lactamase genes that are inducible. (medscape.com)
- Of these inducible bacteria, mutants with constitutive hyperproduction of beta-lactamases can emerge at a rate between 10 5 and 10 8 . (medscape.com)
- Beta-lactamases are a diverse class of enzymes produced by bacteria that break open the beta-lactam ring, inactivating the beta-lactam antibiotic. (merckmanuals.com)
- Plasmid-encoded AmpC expression is also constitutive and may be spread among bacteria usually lacking this beta-lactamase, such as Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Proteus mirabilis . (merckmanuals.com)
- Conclusion: K. pneumoniae, A. baumanii, P. aeruginosa, has a good sensitivity to amikacin, however, the three bacteria have vary levels of resistance to other antimicrobials. (unsri.ac.id)
- 1. Finegold S.M. In vitro efficacy of beta-lactam/ beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations against bacteria involved in mixed infections. (cmac-journal.ru)
- To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of ampicillin and sulbactam for injection and other antibacterial drugs, ampicillin and sulbactam for injection should be used only to treat infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. (nih.gov)
- The BETA-LACTAMASES hydrolyze the beta lactam ring, accounting for BETA-LACTAM RESISTANCE of infective bacteria. (lookformedical.com)
- It has a high degree d stability in the presence of beta-lactamases, both penicilinases and cephalosporinases of Gram-negative and Gram positive bacteria. (drugstocker.com)
- Many recommend cefazolin + metronidazole, cefotetan , cefoxitin or ampicillin/sulbactam as surgical prophylaxis when anaerobic bacteria leakage is likely. (hopkinsguides.com)
- Whether these phenotype and resistances that had no fitness cost to the bacterium could significantly affect the virulence of the bacteria in vivo remains to be investigated. (scirp.org)
- Antibiotic resistance of bacteria is a challenge that modern medicine has to face, it is increasingly said that we are approaching the beginning of the post-antibiotic era. (monz.pl)
- Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is rampant among bacteria that cause healthcare- and community-acquired infections, driving up costs and increasing the difficulty of therapeutic management. (europa.eu)
- The work package focusing on molecular studies generated new evidence about the changes effected by antibiotic therapy on commensal organisms or opportunistic pathogens in the oropharyngeal, nasal and gastro-intestinal flora and study AMR mechanisms and the dissemination of successful clones of fluoroquinolone-resistant, carbapenem-resistant or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase harboring Gram-negative bacteria, MRSA and fluoroquinolone-resistant viridans streptococci. (europa.eu)
Carbapenems4
- OXA beta-lactamases primarily hydrolyze narrow spectrum penicillins but certain OXA variants such as the plasmid encoded OXA 48 can hydrolyze carbapenems, even while leaving many cephalosporins active. (merckmanuals.com)
- Carbapenems and cefoperazone/sulbactam still remain the drugs of choice for the treatment of nosocomial infections caused by ESBL producers. (cmac-journal.ru)
- However, the frequency of resistance to carbapenems in recent years has increased significantly worldwide. (acinetobacterbaumannii.com)
- Virtually all members of the genus are sensitive to metronidazole , carbapenems, and beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations, so speciation is not usually necessary. (hopkinsguides.com)
Inhibitor combinations3
- In-vitro activity of five beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations against consecutive isolates of the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (cmac-journal.ru)
- 10. Edelstein M., Edelstein I., Semchenkova D., Stratchounski L. The effect of large inoculaon in vitro activities of penicillin-inhibitor combinations and cefoperazone-sulbactam against ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. (cmac-journal.ru)
- The results of susceptibility testing with beta-lactam / beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations using a fixed concentration of beta-lactamase inhibitor must be interpreted with caution because of resistant isolates may be falsely identified as sensitive. (acinetobacterbaumannii.com)
Infections12
- However, resistance is also a growing problem in community-acquired infections. (cdc.gov)
- While the emergence of antibiotic resistance is a natural phenomenon that occurs in microorganisms, this fact is mainly exacerbated by the inappropriate use of antimicrobials, poor quality of medicine, lack or deficient programs for the prevention and control of infections, weak capacity of laboratories to detect resistance, inadequate surveillance and regulation of antimicrobial use. (una.py)
- Vancomycin should be used in patients with a penicillin allergy or infections with strains that have high-level penicillin resistance due to altered PBPs. (medscape.com)
- Prospective multicenter study of the impact of carbapenem resistance on mortality in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections. (cmac-journal.ru)
- It may result from opportunistic colonization following immunosuppression by the primary pathogen and can be influenced by the time interval between infections, microbial physiology, or host resistance. (lookformedical.com)
- The sulbactam monotherapy is not recommended for serious infections. (acinetobacterbaumannii.com)
- Oxacillin is a penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms. (ncats.io)
- The MDR prevalence and associated resistance mechanisms of ETEC isolates responsible for enteric infections in Nepal are largely unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
- Skin and Skin Structure Infections caused by beta-lactamase producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , 2 Klebsiella spp. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
- Intra-Abdominal Infections caused by beta-lactamase producing strains of Escherichia coli , Klebsiella spp. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
- Therefore, mixed infections caused by ampicillin-susceptible organisms and beta-lactamase producing organisms susceptible to UNASYN should not require the addition of another antibacterial. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
- Infections secondary to these pathogens are widely common but multidrug resistance (MDR) in Enterobacterales has become a significant challenge with increased morbidity, mortality, and cost of management. (frontiersin.org)
Strains6
- For rare strains that are resistant to ampicillin because of beta-lactamase production, ampicillin plus sulbactam may be used. (medscape.com)
- Due to numerous naturally present and acquired resistance mechanisms to the hospital strains are often multiresistant. (acinetobacterbaumannii.com)
- Mohammadzadeh A, Mardaneh J, Ahmadi R, Adabi J. Evaluation of the Virulence Features and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Hospitalized Patients in Gonabad, Iran. (brieflands.com)
- The aim of the present study was to examine the antibiotic resistance patterns and presence of nan1 and int1 virulence genes (encoding neuraminidase and class 1 integrons, respectively) in clinical P. aeruginosa isolates and to analyze the measured values with regard to hospital wards, specimens, and antibiotic resistance of the strains. (brieflands.com)
- The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index shows the themucoid strains with a high MAR index range of 0.7 - 1.0 with a median MAR index of 0.8, while the non-mucoid strains had a MAR index of 0.2 - 0.8 with a median MAR index of 0.35. (scirp.org)
- Furthermore, the extrachromosomal elements bearing the mucoid phenotype and the resistance elements in the mucoid strains do not significantly impact on the fitness of the cognate strain. (scirp.org)
ESBL12
- The results of in vitro susceptibility testing of ESBL producers indicate that the activity of non-β-lactam agents (amikacin and ciprofloxacin) significantly decreased during the time period of the study. (cmac-journal.ru)
- 6. Burgess D.S., Hall R.G. In vitro killing of parenteral beta-lactams against standard and high inocula of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and non-ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. (cmac-journal.ru)
- Effects of inoculum and beta-lactamase activity in AmpC- and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates tested by using NCCLS ESBL methodology. (cmac-journal.ru)
- In human medicine, E. coli has developed resistance to the fluorinated quinolones, beta-lactams, or both: it is among the gram-negative organisms that secrete extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). (vin.com)
- Emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) is an example of the relentless adaptive nature of microbes toward designer drugs intended to preclude the advent of resistance. (vin.com)
- Isolates were screened for antibiotic resistance, to include extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production, via the Microscan Automated Microbiology System. (biomedcentral.com)
- ESBL-positive isolates were assessed using multiplex PCR for genetic markers potentially responsible for observed resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
- It was determined that 42.5% of the ESBL-positive isolates carried multiple resistance genes. (biomedcentral.com)
- Over 30% of ETEC isolates collected post-2013 and evaluated in this study demonstrated ESBL resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
- ESBL-producing Enterobacterales from the GCC region show high levels of resistance to ampicillin, aztreonam, third-/fourth-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. (frontiersin.org)
- Enterobacterales isolates that are concomitant ESBL producers and are carbapenem resistant have been increasingly reported and demonstrate alarmingly increased antibiotic resistance patterns compared with ESBL Enterobacterales . (frontiersin.org)
- ESBL producers are usually multiply drug resistant ( 5 , 30 ), but their cephalosporin and aztreonam resistance is not reliably detected by susceptibility tests ( 33 ). (asm.org)
Susceptibility3
- Understanding the most common types of beta-lactamases produced by different pathogens can help with susceptibility interpretation, therapeutic decision making, and infection control practices. (merckmanuals.com)
- Therapy may be instituted prior to obtaining the results from bacteriological and susceptibility studies when there is reason to believe the infection may involve any of the beta-lactamase producing organisms listed above in the indicated organ systems. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
- Because susceptibility tests may be unreliable, special tests are required to detect the resistance mechanisms involved. (asm.org)
Cefoperazone3
- The combination cefoperazone/sulbactam (Sulperazon) is available in many countries. (wikipedia.org)
- Molecular aspects of high-level resistance to sulbactam-cefoperazone in Klebsiella oxytoca clinical isolates. (cmac-journal.ru)
- 5. Rice L.B., Carias L.L., Etter L., Shlaes D.M. Resistance to cefoperazone-sulbactam in Klebsiella pneumoniae: evidence for enhanced resistance resulting from the coexistence of two different resistance mechanisms. (cmac-journal.ru)
Ampicillin plus2
- Peak ampicillin serum levels ranging from 109 to 150 mcg/mL are attained after administration of 2000 mg of ampicillin plus 1000 mg sulbactam and 40 to 71 mcg/mL after administration of 1000 mg ampicillin plus 500 mg sulbactam. (nih.gov)
- After an intramuscular injection of 1000 mg ampicillin plus 500 mg sulbactam, peak ampicillin serum levels ranging from 8 to 37 mcg/mL and peak sulbactam serum levels ranging from 6 to 24 mcg/mL are attained. (nih.gov)
Spectrum beta-lactamases3
- Penicillin resistance in pneumococci (38%), methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (22%), the production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases by Klebsiella pneumoniae (21%), and imipenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11%) represent major resistance problems, especially in large hospitals. (cdc.gov)
- Occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae in Italy: implications for resistance to beta-lactams and other antimicrobial drugs. (cmac-journal.ru)
- Russian Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates that express extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. (cmac-journal.ru)
Cefoxitin1
- Cefoxitin and cefotetan have increasing rates of resistance in Bacteroides species and would not be used as monotherapy. (hopkinsguides.com)
Isolates7
- Epidemiology of ciprofloxacin resistance and its relationship to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates causing bacteremia. (cmac-journal.ru)
- Molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing, fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Taiwan. (cmac-journal.ru)
- Exposure to antimicrobials may facilitate survival of isolates that have either spontaneously mutated or acquired resistance through other means. (vin.com)
- In addition, this enhanced dose would deal with the relative resistance of enterococcal isolates that have been previously exposed to vancomycin. (medscape.com)
- This study determined the prevalence of MDR A. baumannii isolates from intensive care units in a large tertiary-care hospital in Ismailia, Egypt, and the occurrence of different beta-lactamases in these isolates. (who.int)
- Among the isolates, 6 isolates were carbapenemase producers, 2 were AmpC beta-lactamase producers and no isolates were metallo-beta- lactamase producers. (who.int)
- Umar, U. , Anagor, S. , Aliyu, A. and Suleiman, A. (2016) Hypermucoviscosity in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae Correlates with High Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) Index. (scirp.org)
Fluoroquinolones2
- Despite guidelines discouraging use of anti-pseudomonal β-lactams and fluoroquinolones for community-acquired complicated intra-abdominal infection, about 75% of lower-risk patients are receiving such treatments, a new study found. (contagionlive.com)
- The retrospective, observational study, published in Open Forum Infectious Diseases , aimed to determine treatment patterns and examine compliance with guidelines discouraging use of anti-pseudomonal β-lactams and fluoroquinolones for CA-cIAI. (contagionlive.com)
Vancomycin2
- Although some species are inherently resistant to vancomycin, they are far less common than species that acquire resistance through transfer of genetic material. (uspharmacist.com)
- Plasmid-mediated gene complexes confer high-level resistance to vancomycin and are often used as targets for molecular detection of VRE. (uspharmacist.com)
Cephalosporins4
- Ampicillin and amoxicillin, first- and second-generation cephalosporins, and cephamycins are strong AmpC beta-lactamase inducers. (medscape.com)
- Third-generation cephalosporins and extended-spectrum penicillins, although labile to AmpC beta-lactamases, are weak inducers. (medscape.com)
- Cefin is stable to a wide range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative beta-lactamases, including those which are able to hydrolyse advanced generation penicillin derivatives and other cephalosporins. (drugstocker.com)
- Outside of the advanced generation parenteral cephalosporins cross-resistance to other drug classes is generally not encountered. (drugstocker.com)
Pseudomonas3
- Resistance caused by hyperproduction of chromosomal beta-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. (nih.gov)
- Influence of carbapenem resistance on mortality and the dynamics of mortality in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection. (cmac-journal.ru)
- Influence of Multidrug Resistance and Appropriate Empirical Therapy on the 30-Day Mortality Rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteremia. (cmac-journal.ru)
Parenteral2
- Ampicillin and Sulbactam for Injection, USP, ampicillin sodium/sulbactam sodium parenteral combination is available as a white to off-white dry powder for reconstitution. (nih.gov)
- 1.5 g of Ampicillin and Sulbactam for Injection, USP (1 g ampicillin as the sodium salt plus 0.5 g sulbactam as the sodium salt) parenteral contains approximately 115 mg (5 mEq) of sodium. (nih.gov)
Antimicrobials2
- Cross-class resistance to non-beta-lactam antimicrobials in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. (cmac-journal.ru)
- Escherichia coli rapidly develops resistance, particularly that associated with multiple drug resistance (MDR) when exposed to selected antimicrobials. (vin.com)
Confers resistance2
- Novel SHV-derived extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, SHV-57, that confers resistance to ceftazidime but not cefazolin. (nih.gov)
- Ampicillin Trihydrate is often used to select for cells that have been transformed with a plasmid containing the ampR gene which confers resistance to Ampicillin. (toku-e.com)
Resistant8
- As antimicrobial resistance continues to rise globally, multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms have posed a significant challenge for clinicians, owing to the dearth of effective therapeutic options to combat them. (uspharmacist.com)
- Because most Enterobacter species are either very resistant to many agents or can develop resistance during antimicrobial therapy, the choice of appropriate antimicrobial agents is complicated. (medscape.com)
- Of particular concern are penicillin-resistant pneumococci ( 3 - 5 ) and the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteria ( 6 ) . (cdc.gov)
- Currently in Paraguay, the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is among the most worrying resistances. (una.py)
- ment of these beta-lactamase-resistant then incubated aerobically at 37° C are now recognized to play a consider- non-fermenting bacilli. (who.int)
- B. fragilis is the most commonly resistant organism, with low rates of resistance (1-2% range) in the U.S. and Europe. (hopkinsguides.com)
- A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. (lookformedical.com)
- The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. (lookformedical.com)
Genes4
- Thus, genes for resistance develop along with genes directing antibiotic production and organisms are "primed" to develop resistance. (vin.com)
- Microflora of the GI tract can serve as reservoir of resistance genes. (vin.com)
- The beta-lactamase genes bla TEM-1 (40%) and bla CMY-2 (2.5%) were also identified. (biomedcentral.com)
- How to discover new antibiotic resistance genes? (monz.pl)
Bacterial6
- All beta-lactams bind to and inactivate enzymes required for bacterial cell wall synthesis. (merckmanuals.com)
- Beta-lactamase production is among the most clinically important mechanisms of resistance for gram-negative bacterial pathogens. (merckmanuals.com)
- Bacterial resistance. (una.py)
- The phenomenon of bacterial resistance is considered a global public health problem with difficult solution. (una.py)
- A lack of comprehensive surveillance programs may result in the unchecked spread of MDR Gram-negative bacterial species and their associated resistance mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
- Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. (aaem.pl)
20231
- The co-packaged combination sulbactam/durlobactam was approved for medical use in the United States in May 2023. (wikipedia.org)
Antibacterial2
- Sulbactam itself contains a beta-lactam ring, and has weak antibacterial activity by inhibiting penicillin binding proteins (PBP) 1 and 3, but not 2. (wikipedia.org)
- Ampicillin and Sulbactam for Injection, USP is an injectable antibacterial combination consisting of the semisynthetic antibacterial ampicillin sodium and the beta-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam sodium for intravenous and intramuscular administration. (nih.gov)
Determinants1
- This analysis does not include mutations that may result in antibiotic resistance or resistance determinants added to newer versions of the ResFinder database or other antimicrobial resistance gene databases. (cdc.gov)
Enzymes2
- Classes A, C, and D have a serine residue at the active site, whereas class B enzymes have zinc at the active site, ie, metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs). (merckmanuals.com)
- Resistance to aminoglycosides is caused by aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes or efflux pumps. (acinetobacterbaumannii.com)
Klebsiella1
- Cefepime and the inoculum effect in tests with Klebsiella pneumoniae producing plasmid-mediated AmpC-type beta-lactamase. (cmac-journal.ru)
Extended-spectrum1
- 16. Graffunder E.M., Preston K.E., Evans A.M., Venezia R.A. Risk factors associated with extended-spectrum {beta}-lactamase-producing organisms at a tertiary care hospital. (cmac-journal.ru)
Acinetobacter1
- Despite the low prevalence of A. baumannii infection in this hospital, the antibiotic resistance profile suggests that prevention of health-care-associated transmission of MDR Acinetobacter spp. (who.int)
Chemically1
- Plants used for traditional medicine contain a wide range of substances that can be used to treat chronic as well as infectious diseases.5 Due to the progress of adverse effects and microbial resistance to the chemically synthesized drugs, men turned to ethnopharmacognosy. (dna-pksignal.com)
Infective1
- The guideline has been made in lieu of increasing mortality rate due to severe sepsis, acute infective diarrhea, septic shock, multi-drug resistance, and soft tissue infection in ICUs. (medicaldialogues.in)
Nucleus1
- Sulbactam sodium is a derivative of the basic penicillin nucleus. (nih.gov)
Synthesis1
- Like all β-lactams, Ampicillin interferes with PBP (penicillin binding protein) activity otherwise involved in the final phase of peptidoglycan synthesis. (toku-e.com)
Enterobacteriaceae1
- In 2006, Paterson published a good review of resistance among various Enterobacteriaceae. (medscape.com)
Molecular2
- AmpC beta-lactamases are cephalosporinases from the functional group 1 and molecular class C in the Bush-Jacoby-Medeiros classification of beta-lactamases. (medscape.com)
- It groups beta-lactamases by class on the basis of molecular homology. (merckmanuals.com)
Pneumoniae1
- For Gram-positive organisms such as S. aureus and S. pneumoniae, acquired resistance is mainly encoded by cell wall target site alterations. (drugstocker.com)