Suitability of enzymes substrates of this enzyme. Medical search. Frequent questions

This is because the physical-chemical nature of many lignocellulosic substrates naturally lends itself to solid phase culture, and thereby represents a means to reap the acknowledged potential of this fermentation method. (mdpi.com)
By analogy, it may be helpful to apply the same principle of selection pressure (e.g., utilizing an increased dietary abundance of lignocellulosic substrates) to activate and maintain a competitive fiber-degrading population (niche specialization) that expresses CAZymes with enhanced lignocellulolytic capabilities in the rumen [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) form the most widespread and structurally diverse set of enzymes involved in the breakdown, biosynthesis, or modification of lignocellulose that can be found in living organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings contribute to the discovery of novel enzymes for the breakdown, biosynthesis, or modification of lignocellulose and demonstrate that the rumen microbiome is a source of promising enzyme candidates for the biotechnology industry. (biomedcentral.com)
Geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR) is a flavin-containing redox enzyme that hydrogenates a variety of unactivated polyprenyl substrates, which are further processed mostly for lipid biosynthesis in archaea or chlorophyll biosynthesis in plants. (biomedcentral.com)
The enzyme responsible for collagen maturation is prolyl 4-hydroxylase, making this enzyme a central activity in cuticle biosynthesis and a potentially important chemotherapeutic target. (embl.de)
The key steps in the A-factor regulatory cascade, including afsA , encoding the key enzyme for A-factor biosynthesis, arpA , encoding the A-factor receptor, and adpA , encoding a transcriptional activator, are elucidated. (go.jp)
Key criteria for efficient small molecule production are the genetic accessibility of the used microbes, their robustness and tolerance towards bioactive compounds, and metabolic suitability for the target biosynthesis. (fz-juelich.de)

Enzymatic digestion of lignocellulose requires a specialized group of enzymes, known as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), a widespread and structurally diverse group of catalysts produced by microorganisms that are constituents of various microbiomes, including that of the mammalian gut [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The crystallinity and the limited accessibility to the ester linkages make PET unsusceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis, but a number of ester-cleaving enzymes have been reported active on the polyester [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Detection is achieved by introducing enzyme-linked secondary antibodies and a substrate that produces a measurable signal upon enzymatic activity. (packagesly.com)
The short sword catechol and L-dopa as substrate passage of armyworm phenol oxidase enzymatic reaction Michaelis constant Km were 1.44 and 37.49 mmol · L-1. (dissertationtopic.net)
The finding of enzymatic response could enhance our understanding of the enzyme`s role during tooth movement. (scialert.net)

Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry, 37: 940-951. (medchem.fi)
Inhibition of human CYP1 enzymes by a classical inhibitor α-naphthoflavone and a novel inhibitor N-(3, 5- dichlorophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide - an in vitro and in silico study. (medchem.fi)
Part of the interest in the MEP pathway concerns antimicrobial drug research and several observations support the idea that the pathway contains potential drug targets, enzymes whose inhibition may provide broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
lepidopteran - Sidemia the armyworm larvae and Coleoptera Head - walnut of flat leaf beetle adults as the enzyme source phenol oxidase inhibition were measured, which were efficient inhibitors inhibition kinetics studies. (dissertationtopic.net)

The specific binding capabilities and catalytic activity of enzymes make them popular bioreceptors. (wikipedia.org)
As biocatalysts, enzymes are characterized by their high catalytic efficiency and strong specificity but are relatively fragile by requiring narrow and specific reactive conditions for activity. (ward-lab.ch)
Here we consider some new design strategies based on the contributions of nonlocal electric fields and thermodynamic fluctuations to both improve the catalytic step and turnover for rate acceleration in arbitrary synthetic catalysts through bioinspired studies of natural enzymes. (ward-lab.ch)
Enzymes of various catalytic functions in Streptomyces are useful as members of an artificial gene cluster constructed in Escherichia coli for fermentative production of plant-specific flavonoids, including isoflavones and unnatural compounds. (go.jp)
The enzyme has activity of the monophenolase (Monophenoloxidase, MPO) activity and the diphenol enzyme (Diphenoloxidase, DPO), catalytic monophenol (Monphenols), hydroxylation diphenols (such as L-DOPA), and the diphenol re-oxidized into quinones. (dissertationtopic.net)

Substrate Selectivity of Coumarin Derivatives by Human CYP1 Enzymes: In Vitro Enzyme Kinetics and In Silico Modeling. (medchem.fi)
Coumarin based profluorescent and fluorescent substrates for determining xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme activities in vitro. (medchem.fi)
To date, only a few GGR genes have been confirmed to reduce polyprenyl substrates in vitro or in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
In vitro production of enzymatically active O. volvulus prolyl 4-hydroxylase should facilitate identification of specific inhibitors of the parasite enzyme. (embl.de)
We conclude that targeted absolute LC-MS/MS quantification of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters can broaden the scope and significantly increase the impact of in vitro drug metabolism studies, such as induction, as an important supplement or future alternative to mRNA and activity data. (aspetjournals.org)
Common culture formats used for in vitro enzyme induction studies comprise conventional and sandwich cultures, the former referring to plated hepatocytes maintained on rigid substratum (e.g., collagen), whereas in the latter cells are "sandwiched" by an additional layer of either collagen or a composite of extracellular matrix proteins, such as Matrigel ( LeCluyse, 2001 ). (aspetjournals.org)

Enzymes are produced by microorganisms either intracellularly in cell's cytoplasm and periplasm or extracellularly either as attached to outer surface of cell membranes or released to the soil microhabitats. (ufz.de)
The major parameters which influence the synthesis of enzymes by microorganisms in an SSF process are the choice of appropriate substrate, substrate particle size, substrate moisture content, microorganism and inoculum concentration. (researchsquare.com)

Directed evolution generated an enzyme for the enantioselective synthesis of α-trifluoromethylated organoborons-potentially attractive synthons for fluorinated compounds. (ward-lab.ch)
However, the highly recalcitrant nature of lignocellulosic biomass makes it refractory to efficient degradation, limiting access to the carbon sources within, and diminishing its suitability as a substrate for biobased-product synthesis [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This includes the heterologous expression of metabolic modules to confer the capability for natural product synthesis but also host cell engineering for optimized substrate utilization, improved precursor supply, reduced product degradation and increased product secretion. (fz-juelich.de)

Enzymes catalyze organic transformations with exquisite levels of selectivity, including chemoselectivity, stereoselectivity, and substrate selectivity, but the types of reactions catalyzed by enzymes are more limited than those of chemical catalysts. (ward-lab.ch)
We postulated that the same type of Ir(Me)-PIX enzymes could catalyze the cyclopropanation of a broad range of alkenes with control of multiple modes of selectivity. (ward-lab.ch)
Together, the studies reveal the suitability of Ir-containing P450s to combine the broad reactivity and substrate scope of transition metal catalysts with the exquisite selectivity of enzymes, generating catalysts that enable reactions to occur with levels and modes of activity and selectivity previously unattainable with natural enzymes or transition metal complexes alone. (ward-lab.ch)

However, the structural diversity of CAZymes has rendered the targeted discovery of novel enzymes extremely challenging, as these proteins catalyze many different chemical reactions and are sourced by a vast array of microbes. (biomedcentral.com)
The initial catabolic pathway by I. sakaiensis involves two novel enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)

Binding events result in a physicochemical change that in combination with a tracer, such as fluorescent molecules, enzymes, or radioisotopes, can generate a signal. (wikipedia.org)

Soil zymography is one of the most realistic methods developed to visualize enzyme activity in undisturbed soil at the mesoscale (mm-cm) level using substrate-saturated membranes. (ufz.de)

Foliar spray concentrations of 5.Zero mM exogenous GB and 1.Zero mM exogenous SA promoted gasoline alternate and fluorescence in cotton seedlings, elevated parts of chlorophyll pigments, and stimulated the antioxidant enzyme train. (nmr-spectrometers.com)

The initial hydrolysis step of PET is facilitated by an extracellular enzyme homologous to cutinases, but with an extraordinary capability to degrade PET, hence classified as a PETase (EC 3.1.1.101). (biomedcentral.com)

Protein engineering efforts have all been done in E. coli , despite the complications imposed by the need for the release of intracellularly produced enzyme variants. (biomedcentral.com)

All MEP pathway enzymes in P. falciparum are synthesized in the cytoplasm but they carry an apicoplast targeting sequence, which then drives localization [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Dichloroacetate, which targets a key glycolytic pathway enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (5, 6), has been demonstrated to inhibit tumour progression in vivo in lung and breast cancer (5, 7). (researchsquare.com)

Agricultural residues can thus be used for the production of various value-added products, such as industrially important enzymes. (mdpi.com)

Microbial communities are dynamic and can evolve the capability to produce novel CAZymes in response to changing environmental conditions (e.g., the nature of dietary substrates available for metabolism) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The adaptive capacity of microbial communities facilitates the use of selective pressure-a selective advantage in the environment that causes one type of organism to grow in preference to another-through the enrichment of the microbial environment with substrates that favor the growth of microbes specialized at degrading specific substrates [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Solid-state fermentation holds much potential compared with submerged fermentation methods for the utilization of agro-based wastes for enzyme production. (mdpi.com)

In addition, we uncover new mechanistic insights within several GGR variants, including GGR-mediated phosphatase activity toward polyprenyl pyrophosphates and the first demonstration of completely hydrogenated GGOH and FOH substrates. (biomedcentral.com)

After washing off unbound antibodies, secondary antibodies linked to enzymes are introduced. (packagesly.com)

Reduction of unactivated substrates like prenyl pyrophosphates typically involves oxidoreductases from the geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR) family. (biomedcentral.com)

Recently, we disclosed artificial enzymes constructed from the apo form of heme proteins and iridium porphyrins that catalyze the insertion of carbenes into a C-H bond. (ward-lab.ch)
These enzymes catalyze the cyclopropanation of terminal and internal, activated and unactivated, electron-rich and electron-deficient, conjugated and nonconjugated alkenes. (ward-lab.ch)
Moreover, Ir(Me)-PIX enzymes catalyze cyclopropanation of internal, unactivated alkenes with up to 99% stereoselectivity, 76% yield, and 1300 TON. (ward-lab.ch)
These enzymes catalyze a reaction that produces a detectable signal, indicating the presence of the target protein. (packagesly.com)

We tested several impregnation strategies of soil sample (e.g., by agarose gel, silicon spray and super transparent silicon mixture) for their suitability for micro-zymography, i.e., for visualization of enzyme activity in undisturbed soil particles at the microscopic level combining fluorogenic substrates with epifluorescence microscopy. (ufz.de)
In the mixture of substrates screened red gram husk and bengal gram husk in the ratio (60:40) showed maximum 92.06±1.42 IU/gds enzyme production. (researchsquare.com)

A luciferase-like enzyme, beforehand cloned from the Malpighian tubules of the non-luminescent Zophobasmorio mealworm, exhibits thioesterification train with quite a lot of carboxylic substrates, and produces weak purple luminescence throughout the presence of ATP and firefly D-luciferin , a xenobiotic for this organism. (nmr-spectrometers.com)

The biochemical proof of the xylanolytic activity of the newly discovered enzyme validated the computational simulations and demonstrated the stability of the most abundant xylanase. (biomedcentral.com)
We report the discovery of several novel GGRs exhibiting significant activity toward various polyprenyl substrates under mild conditions (i.e., pH 7.4, T = 37 °C), including the discovery of a novel bacterial GGR isolated from Streptomyces coelicolor . (biomedcentral.com)
We show that PETases can be functionally displayed on the bacterial cell surface, enabling screening of enzyme activity on PET microparticles - both while anchored to the cell and following solubilization of the enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
The pattern of activity of aspartate aminotransferase enzyme (AST) following canine distalization stage in orthodontic treatment is being investigated. (scialert.net)
The current study which investigated the pattern of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity following application of force to distalize the canine (100 g) was a continuation of an earlier study by the same researcher which investigated the enzyme`s activity after the application of force to align teeth (30-60 g). (scialert.net)
Corn embryo orientation in relation to a moist substrate also significantly impacted oxygen bioavailability to the embryo and hence ADHase activity. (researchgate.net)

Catechol, naphthalene, no gallic acid and L-dopa as a substrate, the reaction product of the absorption peak (characteristic absorption peaks at 410,334 and 465 nm), hydroquinone, resorcinol, no obvious absorption peak as substrate. (dissertationtopic.net)
Catechol and L-dopa as a substrate, the reaction product absorption peak (characteristic absorption peaks at 410 and 475nm), hydroquinone, resorcinol as a substrate, no significant absorption peak. (dissertationtopic.net)

Synthetic catalysts offer an opportunity for more chemical versatility operating over a wider range of conditions but currently do not reach the remarkable performance of natural enzymes. (ward-lab.ch)

Alternative sites for cell density regulation of the enzyme could rely on its sensitivity to sulfhydryl groups. (embl.de)

A biosensor typically consists of a bio-receptor (enzyme/antibody/cell/nucleic acid/aptamer), transducer component (semi-conducting material/nanomaterial), and electronic system which includes a signal amplifier, processor & display. (wikipedia.org)

Cultured hepatocytes offer the possibility to assess long-term effects, such as enzyme induction (i.e., changes of the expression levels of molecular entities of the hepatocytes). (aspetjournals.org)
In this study, where higher level of force applied was done to assess the suitability of AST as a biological marker to monitor orthodontic tooth movement. (scialert.net)

It is an important enzymes of insects, insect metamorphosis and immune system plays an important role. (dissertationtopic.net)

Whatever the salt-induced improve in antioxidant enzyme content material materials, exogenous GB and SA in experimental concentrations significantly elevated the train of glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase, and decreased malondialdehyde content material materials beneath salt stress. (nmr-spectrometers.com)
Induction via nuclear receptor activation can significantly alter those levels, with the coregulation of multiple enzymes and transporters occurring to different extents. (aspetjournals.org)

Agro-industrial wastes, such as sugar cane bagasse, corn cob and rice bran, have been widely investigated via different fermentation strategies for the production of enzymes. (mdpi.com)

Foliar spraying with exogenous GB or SA alleviates salt stress in vegetation by rising leaf gasoline alternate and stimulating antioxidant enzyme train. (nmr-spectrometers.com)
We concluded, from our outcomes, that concentrations of 5.Zero mM GB or 1.Zero mM SA are optimum choices for mitigating NaCl-induced hurt in cotton seedlings because of they promote leaf photosynthesis, improve parts of photosynthetic pigments , and stimulate antioxidant enzyme train. (nmr-spectrometers.com)

The expression of different product-specific enzymes can achieve this in a plug-and-play manner - e.g., for aromatics and terpenes. (fz-juelich.de)

These results paved the way for the application of targeted functional profiling to screen members of the GH11 and GH45 families against a de novo protein reference database comprised of 1184 uncharacterized enzymes, which led to the identification of 18 putative xylanases (GH11) and three putative endoglucanases (GH45). (biomedcentral.com)

There were many studies that monitor progress of tooth movement using enzymes e.g., alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (Perinetti et al . (scialert.net)

Here, we report the evolution of artificial enzymes that are highly active and highly stereoselective for the addition of carbenes to a wide range of alkenes. (ward-lab.ch)
Comparisons with orthologues, indicate a high degree of order and conservation in parts of the active site where Zn 2+ is bound and where recognition of the cytidine moiety of substrate occurs. (biomedcentral.com)
Ligand binding appears to order a part of the active site involved in substrate recognition. (biomedcentral.com)

European Medicine Agency, Draft Guideline on the Investigation of Drug Interactions ( http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2010/05/WC500090112.pdf ]. (aspetjournals.org)

Three soda-ethanol pulps (with different chemical compositions), Cellic® Ctec2 cellulolytic enzymes, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae IMR 1181 (SC 1181) yeast were employed. (ncsu.edu)

While the type of biomolecule used can vary widely, biosensors can be classified according to common types of bioreceptor interactions involving: antibody/antigen, enzymes/ligands, nucleic acids/DNA, cellular structures/cells, or biomimetic materials. (wikipedia.org)

Two such widely used methods are the Western blot and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). (packagesly.com)

of gallic acid and enzyme order 3.19,10.74 and 19.26 mmol · L-1. (dissertationtopic.net)

ELISA, on the other hand, can be more sensitive due to signal amplification through enzyme reactions. (packagesly.com)

Anatomy9

Organisms21

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs85

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment55

Phenomena and Processes65

Disciplines and Occupations7

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture8

Information Science13

Health Care21

Lignocellulosic substrates2

Biosynthesis6

Enzymatic5

Inhibition4

Catalytic5

Vitro6

Microorganisms2

Synthesis3

Selectivity3

Novel enzymes2

Molecules1

Membranes1

Chlorophyll1

Hydrolysis1

Intracellularly1

Pathway2

Industrially1

Microbial2

Utilization1

Variants1

Antibodies1

Geranylgeranyl1

Catalyze4

Mixture2

Produces1

Activity6

Reaction2

Catalysts1

Regulation1

Consists1

Assess2

Immune1

Significantly2

Corn1

Leaf2

Product1

Results1

Studies1

Active3

Drug1

Different chemical1

Types1

Methods1

Order1

Signal1