ProteinsMitochondrialInterleukin-5 receptor subunStoichiometryBeta subunitsTransmembraneSmall subunitReceptor subunitSynthasePolymeraseGenesMRNAInner-membraneFumarate reductaseSynapticExtracellularCytoplasmENaCCatalyticQuinolLysosomalGene encodesMolecularAssembleMitochondriaHomologousPlasmaLipidsCell membraneDepolarizationEndoplasmic reticulumAltersIntracellularAntibodiesBeta1CytoplasmicSegmentATPaseAlphaCellsExpressionPositivelyOligomericMutationsRespiratory chainCalciumGABASolublePeripheralMoleculesComplex
Proteins15
- They accomplish this in huge component by raising cell surface area manifestation of a transportation proteins subunit known as xCT. (woofahs.com)
- Additional isoforms of many of the V1 and V0 subunit proteins are encoded by multiple genes or alternatively spliced transcript variants. (wikipedia.org)
- This gene encodes one of three A subunit proteins and the encoded protein is associated with clathrin-coated vesicles. (wikipedia.org)
- Summary The ability of oligomeric membrane proteins to assemble in different functional ratios of subunits is a common feature across many systems. (elsevierpure.com)
- The solution structure of the amino-terminal domain of human DNA polymerase epsilon subunit B is homologous to C-domains of AAA+ proteins. (nih.gov)
- The major subunits of the TOC complex (Toc75, Toc90 and Toc34) and TIC complex (Tic214, Tic20, Tic100 and Tic56), three chloroplast translocon-associated proteins (Ctap3, Ctap4 and Ctap5) and three newly identified small inner-membrane proteins (Simp1-3) have been located in the supercomplex. (nature.com)
- As the largest protein, Tic214 traverses the inner membrane, the intermembrane space and the outer membrane, connecting the TOC complex with the TIC proteins. (nature.com)
- To solve this problem, the cell membrane contains proteins that are selective for unique, water soluble molecules. (wikibooks.org)
- [22] A mitochondrion contains outer and inner membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers and proteins . (wikipedia.org)
- View our protocol for Staining Membrane-associated Proteins . (rndsystems.com)
- Heterotrimeric G proteins are intracellular membrane-attached signal transducers involved in various cellular processes in both plants and animals. (lu.se)
- If the membrane-anchor is missing or defective, Fp and Ip subunits accumulate as soluble proteins in the cytoplasm. (lu.se)
- Cell surface proteins which bind GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID and contain an integral membrane chloride channel. (bvsalud.org)
- The NADH binding site, FMN and eight FeS clusters are located in the promontory part, whereas the seven membrane-spanning proteins are all encoded by mitochondrial DNA in eukaryotes, in fact the Complex I encoding genes make up half of the mtDNA in mammals. (lu.se)
- Therefore, in the lab we working with molecular biological approaches such as making mutants and fusion proteins but also purely biochemical/biophysical projects, purifying proteins for reconstitution into liposomes, where the ion translocation activities can be measured by Na+ NMR using a shift reagent or by a pH sensitive, membrane-impermeable dye denoted Glu3. (lu.se)
Mitochondrial3
- Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F1F0 ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. (joplink.net)
- Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. (joplink.net)
- The classical Complex I enzyme is composed of seven membrane-spanning protein subunits and seven protein subunits protruding into the cytoplasm (in bacteria) or into the mitochondrial matrix (in eukaryotes). (lu.se)
Interleukin-5 receptor subun1
- A low affinity interleukin-5 receptor subunit that combines with the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR COMMON BETA SUBUNIT to form a high affinity receptor for INTERLEUKIN-5. (harvard.edu)
Stoichiometry1
- For example, cerebellar granule cells express six subunit genes abundantly (α 1 , α 6 , β 2 , β 3 , γ 2 , and δ), and so they probably have several distinct GABA A receptor subtypes of unknown subunit stoichiometry. (jneurosci.org)
Beta subunits2
- Rotation of the central stalk against the surrounding alpha3beta3 subunits leads to hydrolysis of ATP in three separate catalytic sites on the beta subunits. (joplink.net)
- CD51, an ~120 kDa surface molecule can also non-covalently associate with other beta subunits of the integrin family including beta1 (CD29), beta5 and beta6 to form receptors for extracellular matrix components. (thermofisher.com)
Transmembrane6
- MUC4 is a heterodimeric membrane mucin composed of a mucin subunit ASGP-1 (MUC4α) and a transmembrane subunit ASGP-2 (MUC4β) which has been implicated in the safety of epithelial cell surfaces. (healthanddietblog.info)
- Intro Rat Muc4/SMC (sialomucin complex) is definitely a heterodimeric membrane mucin composed of a mucin subunit ASGP-1 (called MUC4α in human being) and a transmembrane subunit ASGP-2 (MUC4β in human being) (Sherblom and Carraway 1980 Carraway et al. (healthanddietblog.info)
- also known as IL-6 signal transducer, IL-6 receptor beta, oncostatin-M alpha subunit) is a ubiquitously expressed, 130 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein and member of the type II subfamily, type I cytokine receptor family. (rndsystems.com)
- Site-directed mutagenesis of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA A ) receptor β 2 subunit has demonstrated that conversion of a conserved glycine residue located at the entrance to the first transmembrane domain into the homologous ρ 1 residue phenylalanine alters the modulating effects of four different i.v. anesthetics: pentobarbital, alphaxalone, etomidate, and propofol. (aspetjournals.org)
- These results suggest that the first transmembrane glycine residue on the β 2 subunit may be important for conformational or allosteric interactions of channel gating by both GABA and anesthetics. (aspetjournals.org)
- The γ-subunits of the so-called AGG3 type, which comprise a transmembrane domain, are exclusively found in plants. (lu.se)
Small subunit2
Receptor subunit2
- however, the rules guiding receptor subunit assembly are unclear. (jneurosci.org)
- Gp130 serves as the signal transducing receptor subunit for the IL-6-type cytokines consisting of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncostatin M (OSM), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), new neurotrophin factor-1 (NNT-1), IL-27, cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), and cardiotrophin like cytokine (CLC) (2 - 5). (rndsystems.com)
Synthase1
- The human ATP synthase beta subunit gene: sequence analysis, chromosome assignment, and differential expression. (joplink.net)
Polymerase3
- DNA polymerase epsilon, which is involved in DNA repair and replication, is composed of a large catalytic subunit and a small accessory subunit. (nih.gov)
- Mutations/polymorphisms in the 55 kDa subunit of DNA polymerase epsilon in human colorectal cancer. (nih.gov)
- A) PA polymerase subunit (segment 3). (cdc.gov)
Genes2
- Our results confirm the role of AGG3-type subunit-encoding genes in shaping plant architecture, but interestingly also indicate that the impact HvDep1 has on yield in barley is both genotypically and environmentally sensitive. (lu.se)
- This may explain why widespread exploitation of variation in AGG3-type subunit-encoding genes has not occurred in temperate cereals while in rice the DEP1 locus is widely exploited to improve harvestable yield. (lu.se)
MRNA1
- The δ subunit mRNA was present at wild-type levels in the mutant granule cells, indicating a post-translational loss of the δ subunit. (jneurosci.org)
Inner-membrane4
- Four lipid molecules are located within or above an inner-membrane funnel formed by Tic214, Tic20, Simp1 and Ctap5. (nature.com)
- Fig. 4: Arrangement of protein subunits and lipid molecules in the inner-membrane complex. (nature.com)
- These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, intermembrane space , inner membrane , cristae , and matrix . (wikipedia.org)
- The matrix (space within the inner membrane), which is a fluid. (wikipedia.org)
Fumarate reductase1
- In the Fp subunit of SQR, and the closely related membrane-associated fumarate reductase of anaerobic organisms, FAD is covalently attached via an 8α-N(3)-histidyl linkage to a histidine (His) in a conserved sequence in the N-terminal part of the polypeptide. (lu.se)
Synaptic4
- The boutons terminaux are closely packed in the synaptic bed with ∼ 100 to 150 A gaps between their contiguous unit membranes and a few interspersed glial extensions. (rupress.org)
- Their synaptic membrane complexes (SMC) appear as pairs of unit membranes separated by ∼ 100 to 150A clefts. (rupress.org)
- These endings contain relatively few synaptic vesicles, a few unit membrane limited tubules ∼ 300 A in diameter, and mitochondria oriented perpendicular to the SMC. (rupress.org)
- Similar subunits are seen in the unit membranes of synaptic vesicles. (rupress.org)
Extracellular4
- Benzodiazepines induce conformational changes in the GABA-binding site in the extracellular domain, but it is uncertain whether these conformational changes extend into the membrane-spanning domain where the channel gate is located. (aspetjournals.org)
- Thus, diazepam, which binds to the extracellular domain, induces a conformational change in the membrane-spanning domain that is similar to a portion of the change induced by GABA. (aspetjournals.org)
- Hence, an over-expressed 131-residue extracellular membrane-proximal fragment of GABA A receptor αl subunit, Cys166-Leu296, which harbors most of the important ligand-binding sites, was chosen to study. (edu.hk)
- Yet, NOX2 can also be recruited to the plasma membrane of phagocytes leading to the generation of extracellular H 2 O 2 ( Aviello and Knaus, 2018 ), and NOX2-derived ROS participate in major signaling pathways, both within the individual phagocyte and surrounding cells. (frontiersin.org)
ENaC3
- Liddle syndrome is an autosomal dominant form of hypertension, resulting from mutations in the cytoplasmic C-terminus of either the beta or gamma subunits of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na channel (ENaC) which lead to constitutively increased channel activity. (nih.gov)
- To address this question, we have performed a systematic mutagenesis study of the C-termini of the alpha, beta and gamma ENaC subunits of the rat channel and have analyzed their function by expression in Xenopus oocytes. (nih.gov)
- In the course of the present experiments, we also measured whole cell amiloride-sensitive currents in Xenopus oocytes expressing wild-type and FLAG-labeled rat ENaC subunits. (silverchair.com)
Catalytic3
- F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F1 - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F0 - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. (joplink.net)
- During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F1 is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. (joplink.net)
- Subunits alpha and beta form the catalytic core in F1. (joplink.net)
Quinol1
- The flavin together with the iron-sulfur clusters function to mediate electron transfer from the dicarboxylate binding site on the Fp subunit to the membrane-anchor domain where quinone is reduced to quinol. (lu.se)
Lysosomal1
- The CLN3 gene encodes a 438 ̶ amino acid protein that is thought to be a part of the lysosomal membrane. (medscape.com)
Gene encodes1
- The SEC61A1 gene encodes for the pore-forming Sec61α subunit of the Sec61 complex. (amrita.edu)
Molecular1
- A novel high molecular weight glutenin subunit encoded by the Glu-1B locus was identified in the French genotype Bagou, which we named 1B × 6.5. (mdpi.com)
Assemble2
- Are there rules guiding which subunits assemble with each other? (jneurosci.org)
- Notably, certain B. subtilis mutants with mutated Fp lack covalently bound flavin and do not assemble the SQR polypeptides in the membrane [3]. (lu.se)
Mitochondria2
- Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy . (wikipedia.org)
- The membrane anchor of SQR in mammalian mitochondria and proteobacteria, such as Escherichia coli , consists of two polypeptides (SdhC and SdhD) and contains one heme group. (lu.se)
Homologous1
- Exon 8 of the mouse α 6 subunit gene was disrupted by homologous recombination. (jneurosci.org)
Plasma4
- In conclusion, we propose that RIM2α and RIM3γ directly interact with the C-terminus of the pore-forming subunit of CaV1.3 Ca2+ channels and positively regulate their plasma membrane expression in HEK293 cells. (mpg.de)
- A specific and time-dependent association of tubulin with plasma membranes was observed when SK-N-SH cells were treated with carbachol. (jneurosci.org)
- In SK-N-SH cells, carbachol induced a rapid and transient translocation of tubulin to the plasma membrane, microtubule reorganization, and a change in cell shape as demonstrated by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. (jneurosci.org)
- Functionally, it is responsible for transduction of the IL-6 signal across the plasma membrane (1). (rndsystems.com)
Lipids1
- Allakhverdiev SI, Nishiyama Y, Suzuki I, Tasaka Y, Murata N (1999) Genetic engineering of the unsaturation of fatty acids in membrane lipids alters the tolerance of Synechocystis to salt stress. (springer.com)
Cell membrane2
- Diffusion is the process by which molecules migrate over the cell membrane from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. (wikibooks.org)
- The lack of normal calcium channels in the cell membrane impairs cell communication between neurons in the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
Depolarization2
- Daptomycin is a clinically important lipopeptide antibiotic that kills Gram-positive bacteria through membrane depolarization. (uwaterloo.ca)
- In this study, we confirm that T-type CaV3.2 contributes to calcium influx by initiating membrane depolarization and activating L-type CaV. (lu.se)
Endoplasmic reticulum1
- It resides in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum to channel two types of cargo: protein substrates and calcium ions. (amrita.edu)
Alters1
- This version of the subunit alters the location and function of the CaV2.1 channels. (medlineplus.gov)
Intracellular2
- Upregulation of xCT, the inducible subunit of a membrane-bound amino acidity transporter, replenishes intracellular glutathione shops to maintain cell viability in an environment of oxidative tension. (woofahs.com)
- There exists an exchange of molecules and ions in and out of the cell wall, as well as in and out of membrane-bounded intracellular compartments such as the nucleus, ER, and mitrochondria. (wikibooks.org)
Antibodies4
- In α 6 −/− granule cells, the δ subunit was selectively degraded as seen by immunoprecipitation, immunocytochemistry, and immunoblot analysis with δ subunit-specific antibodies. (jneurosci.org)
- Goodpasture disease is a term used to describe glomerulonephritis, with or without pulmonary hemorrhage, and the presence of circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibodies. (medscape.com)
- The antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies were strongly positive. (medscape.com)
- This binding of antibodies can be visualized as the linear deposition of immunoglobulin along the glomerular basement membrane and, less commonly, the alveolar basement membranes, by direct immunofluorescent techniques. (medscape.com)
Beta11
- Together, these results suggest that the two GSK2118436A novel inhibtior phenylalanine residues of the GFFKR motif provide a site for interaction of the alpha6A subunit with beta1, whereas the cytoplasmic GSK2118436A novel inhibtior domain C-terminal of this motif is involved in the regulation of bidirectional signalling via alpha6Abeta1. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
Cytoplasmic2
- The results demonstrate that a short proline-rich segment present in the cytoplasmic C-terminus of each subunit is required for the normal regulation of channel activity. (nih.gov)
- Missense mutations altering a consensus PPPXY sequence of the alpha, beta or gamma subunits reproduced the increase in channel activity found in mutants in which the entire cytoplasmic C-termini are deleted. (nih.gov)
Segment3
- We used the substituted-cysteine-accessibility method to investigate diazepam-induced conformational changes in the region of the α 1 -subunit M3 membrane-spanning segment. (aspetjournals.org)
- C) Membrane protein (segment 6). (cdc.gov)
- An increase in the length of the CAG segment leads to the production of an abnormally long version of the alpha-1 subunit. (medlineplus.gov)
ATPase1
- V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a isoform 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V0A1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Alpha6
- Interleukin-5 Receptor alpha Subunit" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
- Several isoforms of the interleukin-5 receptor alpha subunit exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. (harvard.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Interleukin-5 Receptor alpha Subunit" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Interleukin-5 Receptor alpha Subunit" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Interleukin-5 Receptor alpha Subunit" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
- The CACNA1A gene provides instructions for making one part (the alpha-1 subunit) of a calcium channel called CaV2.1. (medlineplus.gov)
- The building blocks are composed of three alpha subunits of collagen, which form a triple helix. (medscape.com)
Cells6
- Here, we report an interaction of the C2B domain of RIM2α and RIM3γ with the C-terminus of the pore-forming α-subunit of CaV1.3 channels (CaV1.3α1), which mediate stimulus-secretion coupling at the ribbon synapses of cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs). (mpg.de)
- 2002 To avoid this problem cells must have stringent mechanisms for controlling membrane mucin production. (healthanddietblog.info)
- Here, removal of intact α 6 protein from cerebellar granule cells allowed perturbations in other subunit levels to be studied. (jneurosci.org)
- Because in α 6 −/− neurons the remaining α 1 , β 2/3 , and γ 2 subunits cannot rescue the δ subunit, certain potential subunit combinations may not be found in wild-type cells. (jneurosci.org)
- The same phenomenon was observed with membranes from Sf9 cells, expressing a recombinant PLCβ 1 cascade. (jneurosci.org)
- Passive transport is the moving of biochemicals across membranes of cells without the use of chemical energy. (wikibooks.org)
Expression1
- Rab interacting molecules 2 and 3 directly interact with the pore-forming CaV1.3 Ca2+ channel subunit and promote its membrane expression. (mpg.de)
Positively2
Oligomeric1
- This manuscript reports the fundamental finding that an oligomeric protein kinase, CaMKII, can be phosphorylated by another molecule of the holoenzyme in a manner that does not involve subunit exchange. (elifesciences.org)
Mutations1
- Finally, it seems appropriate to consider the "sodium channel syndrome" (mutations in the gene of the α subunit of the sodium channel, SCN5A gene) as a single clinical entity that may manifest in a wide range of phenotypes, to thus have a better insight on these cardiac syndromes and potential outcomes for their clinical treatment. (bvsalud.org)
Respiratory chain1
- Fqo can be hypothesized to be operative during sulfate reduction with CO. The Fqo complex receives electrons from the reduced coenzyme F 420 (F 420 H 2 ), generated from the oxidative acetyl-CoA pathway, and transfers electrons to the membrane-bound respiratory chain by the reduction of menaquinone [ 16 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
Calcium1
- Its antibacterial activity requires calcium and correlates with the content of phosphatidylglycerol in the target membrane. (uwaterloo.ca)
GABA2
- Consistent with the binding, functional analysis of pentobarbital-enhanced GABA currents recorded with whole-cell patch clamp demonstrated the β 2 (G219F) subunit mutation eliminated the potentiating effect of the anesthetic. (aspetjournals.org)
- Los receptores GABA-A son los receptores inhibitorios de neurotransmisores con mayor prevalencia en el cerebro. (bvsalud.org)
Soluble1
- The soluble form of the mucin may aid this protecting function by loose adsorption to the membrane mucin (McNeer et al. (healthanddietblog.info)
Peripheral2
Molecules2
- The lipid bilayer of cell membranes is impermeable to large and polar molecules but permeable to water molecules and other small uncharged molecules like O 2 and CO 2 . (wikibooks.org)
- When ΔG is positive the transport is active, an input of energy is needed to move a molecule up a concentration gradient, contrary to ΔG being negative the transport is passive, which means that such molecules will pass through a membrane down their own gradient, simple diffusion. (wikibooks.org)
Complex4
- Structure of the PilQ-complex: The second model from the left illustrates the 13 secretin subunits in different colours. (mpg.de)
- The basement membranes are complex structures that support layers of endothelium and epithelium. (medscape.com)
- The CaV channel is a heteromeric complex consisting of four subunits: α1, β, γ, and α2δ. (lu.se)
- Complex I from eukaryotes also contain up to 32 additional accessory subunits. (lu.se)