• The hRPC62 subunit of human RNA polymerase III displays helicase activity. (mpg.de)
  • In Eukaryotes, tRNAs, 5S RNA and U6 RNA are transcribed by RNA polymerase (Pol) III. (mpg.de)
  • A new yeast poly(A) polymerase complex involved in RNA quality control. (nature.com)
  • TATA-box binding protein is not required for RNA Polymerase II transcription in mouse embryonic stem cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • We identify an important role for DDX5 in G 1 -S-phase progression where it directly regulates DNA replication factor expression by promoting the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to E2F-regulated gene promoters. (aacrjournals.org)
  • An ATP-dependent 3'-5' DNA helicase which is a component of the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor, involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. (embl.de)
  • Bacterial RNA polymerase (RNA Pol) can initiate transcription in vitro by accepting nucleotide metabolites capped with flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-Glc), and uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). (biosyn.com)
  • RNA polymerase-associated protein RapA (EC 3.6.4. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Poxviruses' early transcription factor 70 Kd subunit which acts with RNA polymerase to initiate transcription from early gene promoters. (expasy.org)
  • Coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase interacts with the p50 regulatory subunit of host DNA polymerase delta and plays a synergistic role with RNA helicase in the induction of DNA damage response and cell cycle arrest in S phase. (cdc.gov)
  • Remarkably, sites within two other notable proteins also became more stable starting in April, including the NSP12 polymerase protein, which duplicates RNA, and the NSP13 helicase protein, which proofreads the duplicated RNA strands. (news-medical.net)
  • Wang, X., Jia, H., Jankowsky, E. & Anderson, J.T. Degradation of hypomodified tRNA(iMet) in vivo involves RNA-dependent ATPase activity of the DExH helicase Mtr4p. (nature.com)
  • The N-terminal domain also contains motif III (S-A-T) which was proposed to participate in linking ATPase and helicase activities. (embl.de)
  • p68 has ATPase and DNA-helicase activities in vitro. (expasy.org)
  • srmB, an Escherichia coli protein that shows RNA-dependent ATPase activity. (expasy.org)
  • Differential RNA-dependent ATPase activities of four rRNA processing yeast DEAD-box proteins. (colorado.edu)
  • In our studies of the role of the RNA-activated ATPase eIF4A in promoting mRNA recruitment to the PIC, we showed that the PIC itself activates the ATPase function of the factor over and above the stimulation provided by RNA. (nih.gov)
  • The 407 residue, 46 kDa, protein eIF4A is the prototypical member of the DEAD box helicase family, so-called due to their conserved four-residue D-E-A-D sequence. (wikipedia.org)
  • RNA-protein multiome approach helps to discover that the posttranscriptional regulation of the translational machinery is crucial for the fidelity of cortical development. (elifesciences.org)
  • The RNA helicase eIF4A and the scaffold protein eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) and the capping protein eIF4E are part of the complex that loads the mRNAs onto the 40 S ribosomal subunit, together with eIF3. (biosyn.com)
  • Nuclear mRNA transcripts acquire a protein coat composed of cap- and RNA-binding proteins that allow nuclear export and dictate the functional program of cytoplasmic mRNAs ( Moore, 2005 ). (rupress.org)
  • Different classes of RNA granules share some protein components and may use similar mechanisms to regulate mRNA translation/decay. (rupress.org)
  • Found in eukaryotes, this protein is a subunit of a high molecular weight complex involved in 5'cap recognition and the binding of mRNA to ribosomes. (expasy.org)
  • SPB4, a yeast protein involved in the maturation of 25S ribosomal RNA. (expasy.org)
  • deaD, an Escherichia coli putative RNA helicase which can suppress a mutation in the rpsB gene for ribosomal protein S2. (expasy.org)
  • Among these are energy-consuming enzymes such as GTPases, protein kinases, ATP-dependent RNA helicases, and AAA-type (ATPases associated with various cellular activities) ATPases, which suggests that the energy derived from nucleotide hydrolysis confers directionality to ribosome assembly. (silverchair.com)
  • The 48 kDa subunit, RETINOBLASTOMA-BINDING PROTEIN 4, is also a component of several other protein complexes involved in chromatin remodeling. (lookformedical.com)
  • Although initially discovered as a retinoblastoma binding protein it has an affinity for core HISTONES and is a subunit of chromatin assembly factor-1 and polycomb repressive complex 2. (lookformedical.com)
  • It is found as a subunit of protein complexes that are in involved in the enzymatic modification of histones including the Mi2 and Sin3 histone deacetylase complexes and the polycomb repressive complex 2. (lookformedical.com)
  • In response to immune induction, uORF-inhibition is alleviated by three Ded1p/DDX3X-homologous RNA helicases which unwind the RNA structures, allowing ribosomes to bypass the inhibitory uORFs and upregulate defence protein production. (biorxiv.org)
  • Antibodies, protein analyses and RNA structural rearrangement reactions For monoclonal antibody C10, observe (5), for rabbit polyclonal -human being p72/p82 antibodies, observe (3) and for monoclonal PAb421 observe (30). (mergullo.net)
  • and the 40S subunit- and RNA-binding protein eIF4B. (nih.gov)
  • The process is ATP-dependent and likely requires several RNA helicases, including the DEAD-box protein Ded1p. (nih.gov)
  • PDCD4 is composed of two MA3 domains that share similarity with the single MA3 domain present in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 4G, which serves as a scaffold protein to assemble several initiation factors needed for the recruitment of the 40S ribosomal subunit to an mRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although eIF4A is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that binds the MA3 domain of eIF4G to promote translation initiation, binding of eIF4A to the MA3 domains of PDCD4 inhibits protein synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The spike protein, which is organized into two main domains, is responsible for attaching to human cells and helping inject the virus's genetic material, RNA, inside to be replicated. (news-medical.net)
  • The 614 mutation breaks an important bond between distinct domains and protein subunits in the spike. (news-medical.net)
  • Specifically, they found increasing mutations in the nucleocapsid protein, which packages the virus's RNA after entering a host cell, and the 3a viroporin protein, which creates pores in host cells to facilitate viral release, replication, and virulence. (news-medical.net)
  • These factors are required for the binding of mRNA to 40S ribosomal subunits. (wikipedia.org)
  • eIF4F is responsible for the binding of capped mRNA to the 40S ribosomal subunit via eIF3. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mRNA cap is bound by eIF4E (25 kDa), eIF4G (185 kDa) acts as a scaffold for the complex whilst the ATP-dependent RNA helicase eIF4A (46 kDa) processes the secondary structure of the mRNA 5' UTR to render it more conducive to ribosomal binding and subsequent translation. (wikipedia.org)
  • We have also investigated the roles of various eIFs, tRNAi and the 40S subunit in scanning the mRNA 5′ untranslated region and in accurately identifying the AUG initiation codon. (nih.gov)
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) regulates cell proliferation. (biosyn.com)
  • The product Assay kit for Guinea pig Putative pre-mRNA-splicing factor ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX16(DHX16) (ELISA) is intended to be used for research purposes only. (rnagrade.com)
  • The product Assay kit for Guinea pig Putative pre-mRNA-splicing factor ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX16(DHX16) (ELISA) should be kept between two and eight degrees Celsius to ensure the retention of the stability and reactivity of the reagents included in the kit. (rnagrade.com)
  • Conservation of the RNA helicases suggests that mRNA structurome remodelling is a general mechanism for stress-induced translation across kingdoms. (biorxiv.org)
  • The m 7 G-cap of the mRNA is recognized by the 43S translation preinitiation complex comprised of the 40S ribosomal subunit and the eIF2-GTP-Met-tRNAi ternary complex. (biorxiv.org)
  • DEAD-box RNA helicase involved in various cellular processes at low temperature, including ribosome biogenesis, mRNA degradation and translation initiation. (expasy.org)
  • Our data indicated that the mRNA entry channel arm of eIF3 as well as its b subunit play important roles in stabilizing binding of the initiator tRNA-containing eIF2 ternary complex to the PIC and in accelerating mRNA binding. (nih.gov)
  • The N-terminal domain of the a subunit of eIF3 plays an important role in stabilizing mRNA binding in the exit channel (Reference 1). (nih.gov)
  • Although the bacterial 30 S ribosomal subunit can identify the initiation codon through base-pairing between the 3′-end of its16 S ribosomal RNA subunit and the Shine-Dalgarno sequence upstream of the initiation codon, the 40 S ribosomal subunit of the eukaryotic 80 S ribosome requires several translation initiation factors (eIFs) for its binding to an mRNA and to identify the initiation codon [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • eIF4F, which is composed of eIF4E, eIF4A, and eIF4G, is required to promote 40 S subunit binding to an mRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While eIF4E binds to the 5′-cap structure, eIF4A is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that hydrolyzes ATP in order to unwind secondary structure present in the 5′-leader of an mRNA that would otherwise inhibit 40S subunit scanning during its search for the initiation codon [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The interaction of eIF4G with eIF4E bound to the 5′-cap and PABP bound to the poly(A) tail circularizes an mRNA and stimulates translation by promoting 40 S subunit recruitment [ 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition these proteins are helicases that function to unwind double-stranded RNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • We uncovered the functions of ABCE proteins Rli1/ABCE1 and Arb1 in PIC assembly and ribosome biogenesis, and identified the tRNA methyltransferase Gcd10/Gcd14, which contributed to the discovery of the TRAMP-mediated RNA surveillance pathway. (nih.gov)
  • Some of them are specific to this family while others are shared by other ATP-binding proteins or by proteins belonging to the helicases `superfamily' [ 4 ]. (expasy.org)
  • Aplha, transcription related growth factors and stimulating factors or repressing nuclear factors are complex subunits of proteins involved in cell differentiation. (rnagrade.com)
  • The three proteins form a subfamily with related biochemical activities, including an ATP-dependent RNA helicase (4,5), and possibly also related and even redundant cellular functions. (mergullo.net)
  • These two superfamilies encompass a large number of DNA and RNA helicases from archaea, eubacteria, eukaryotes and viruses that seem to be active as monomers or dimers. (embl.de)
  • Transcription in eukaryotes is carried out by three main RNA polymerases: Pol I, II, and III. (mdpi.com)
  • No paralogues for subunits of this subcomplex subunits have been found in Pols I or II, but hRPC62 was shown to be structurally related to the general Pol II transcription factor hTFIIEα. (mpg.de)
  • Eukaryotic TFIIH basal transcription factor complex helicase XPB subunit. (embl.de)
  • It acts by opening DNA either around the RNA transcription start site or the DNA. (embl.de)
  • e.g. they bind selectively to DNA, stimulate transcription resulting in tissue-specific RNA synthesis and undergo specific changes in response to various hormones or phytomitogens. (lookformedical.com)
  • Figure 2: Mtr4p unwinding rates versus tether tension and nucleotide composition for unwinding the 16-bp RNA hairpin. (nature.com)
  • Eukaryotic DNA repair helicase RAD3/ERCC-2, an ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase involved in nucleotide excision repair of UV-damaged DNA. (embl.de)
  • Bernstein, J., Patterson, D.N., Wilson, G.M. & Toth, E.A. Characterization of the essential activities of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mtr4p, a 3′>5′ helicase partner of the nuclear exosome. (nature.com)
  • To understand how the 3' to 5' Mtr4 helicase engages RNA and the nuclear exosome, we reconstituted 14-subunit Mtr4-containing RNA exosomes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and human and show that they unwind structured substrates to promote degradation. (rcsb.org)
  • Subsequently, we used the Gcd− selection to identify domains/residues in eIF2 and tRNAi, eIF1, eIF1A, eIF3, and residues of 18S rRNA located near the 'P' decoding site of the 40S subunit, that participate in rapid TC recruitment in vivo (Figure 1A). (nih.gov)
  • subunit preceding the processing of 32S pre-rRNA. (mergullo.net)
  • 2012). Critical roles of RNA helicase DDX3 and its interactions with eIF4E/PABP1 in stress granule assembly and stress response. (msgp.pt)
  • In starvation conditions, the reinitiating ribosomes bypass uORFs 2-4 and reinitiate at GCN4 instead, owing to lowered availability of the ternary complex (TC)-comprised of initiation factor 2 (eIF2), GTP, and initiator Met-tRNAi-which binds to the small (40S) ribosomal subunit to assemble a 43S preinitiation complex (PIC). (nih.gov)
  • Met-tRNAi binds to the 40S subunit as a ternary complex (TC) with the GTP-bound form of the initiation factor eIF2. (nih.gov)
  • Three other factors, eIF1, eIF1A, and eIF3, also bind to the 40S subunit and promote the loading of the TC. (nih.gov)
  • Anderson, J.T. & Wang, X. Nuclear RNA surveillance: no sign of substrates tailing off. (nature.com)
  • Schmidt, K. & Butler, J.S. Nuclear RNA surveillance: role of TRAMP in controlling exosome specificity. (nature.com)
  • Bernstein, J. & Toth, E.A. Yeast nuclear RNA processing. (nature.com)
  • van Hoof, A., Lennertz, P. & Parker, R. Yeast exosome mutants accumulate 3′-extended polyadenylated forms of U4 small nuclear RNA and small nucleolar RNAs. (nature.com)
  • RNA degradation by the exosome is promoted by a nuclear polyadenylation complex. (nature.com)
  • Callahan, K.P. & Butler, J.S. TRAMP complex enhances RNA degradation by the nuclear exosome component Rrp6. (nature.com)
  • They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. (thermofisher.com)
  • This family of helicases is found in a range of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms including humans, wherein they catalyse a variety of processes including embryogenesis and RNA splicing as well as translation initiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • We review the relationship between different classes of these granules and discuss how spatial organization regulates messenger RNA translation/decay. (rupress.org)
  • DEAD-box helicase DDX27 regulates 3' end formation of ribosomal 47S RNA and stably associates with the PeBoW-complex. (nih.gov)
  • A dominant negative mutant of the E. coli RNA helicase DbpA blocks assembly of the 50S ribosomal subunit. (colorado.edu)
  • Sloan, K.E., Bohnsack, M.T., Schneider, C. & Watkins, N.J. The roles of SSU processome components and surveillance factors in the initial processing of human ribosomal RNA. (nature.com)
  • The roles of the individual subunits composing this complex remain to be defined. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cluster identity was assigned based on the top 10 marker genes of each cluster ( Table S2 ), followed by inspection of RNA in situ hybridization patterns. (stowers.org)
  • NFKB 105 subunit for example is a polypetide gene enhancer of genes in B cells.Guinea pig ELISA kits for plasma and sera samples are used to study human genes through the guinea pig model (Cavia porcellus), also called the cavy rodent model. (rnagrade.com)
  • Cytoplasmic RNA granules in germ cells (polar and germinal granules), somatic cells (stress granules and processing bodies), and neurons (neuronal granules) have emerged as important players in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. (rupress.org)
  • We previously exploited this fact to isolate mutations in subunits of eIF2B that constitutively derepress GCN4 (Gcd− phenotype) by lowering TC assembly in the absence of eIF2 phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
  • Targeting of Protein's Messenger RNA for Viral Replication, Assembly and Release in SARS-CoV-2 Using Whole Genomic Data From South Africa: Therapeutic Potentials of Cannabis Sativa L. (cdc.gov)
  • recently reported a method called CapQuant that allows the identification of cap-like RNAs in bacteria, virusus, yeast and human tissues. (biosyn.com)
  • Hence, GCN4 translation is an in vivo indicator of impaired TC loading on 40S subunits. (nih.gov)
  • In vivo, Nsa1 cannot dissociate from pre-60S particles in rix7 mutants, causing nucleolar Nsa1 to escape to the cytoplasm, where it remains associated with aberrant 60S subunits. (silverchair.com)
  • Competition for the exosome core may ensure that RNA is committed to degradation by DIS3 when engaged by MTR4. (rcsb.org)
  • The structure reveals an RNA-engaged helicase atop the non-catalytic core, with RNA captured within the central channel and DIS3 exoribonuclease active site. (rcsb.org)
  • We further show that RNA unwinding by Mtr4p requires interaction with upstream RNA duplex. (nature.com)
  • It has been proposed that ribosome scanning and start codon selection are regulated by elements in the 5' leader sequence, such as RNA primary sequences (for example, the Kozak sequence context), upstream open reading frames (uORFs), secondary structures, and RNA modifications 4 - 7 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Three specific Pol III subunits form a stable ternary subcomplex (RPC62-RPC39-RPC32α/β) being involved in pre-initiation complex formation. (mpg.de)
  • Inclusion of Mtr4p within the TRAMP complex increases the rate constant for unwinding initiation but does not change the characteristics of Mtr4p's helicase mechanism. (nature.com)
  • The RNA helicase Mtr4p modulates polyadenylation in the TRAMP complex. (nature.com)
  • Promising new inhibitors that target the viral helicase-primase complex have been reported to block replication of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses, but they have no activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), another herpesvirus. (frontiersin.org)
  • The HCMV helicase-primase complex (pUL105-pUL102-pUL70) is essential for viral DNA replication and could thus be a relevant antiviral target. (frontiersin.org)
  • In HCMV, the herpesvirus helicase-primase complex is composed of a helicase (pUL105), a primase (pUL70) and a primase-associated factor (pUL102) ( McMahon and Anders, 2002 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Complex subunit associated factors are involved in hybridoma growth, Eosinohils, eritroid proliferation and derived from promotor binding stimulating subunits on the DNA binding complex. (rnagrade.com)
  • SCO6954 probable NADH dehydrogenase I complex, subunit. (kitasato-u.ac.jp)
  • GDP dissociates from the PIC, and eIF1A and a second GTPase factor, eIF5B, coordinate joining of the large ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex. (nih.gov)
  • Visualizing late states of human 40S ribosomal subunit maturation. (nih.gov)
  • RNA structural rearrangement reactions and preparation of the used RNA substrates were performed exactly as explained previously (5). (mergullo.net)
  • Bacterial and eukaryotic antiviral SKI2-like helicase. (embl.de)
  • We loaded a human exosome with an optimized DNA-RNA chimera that stalls MTR4 during unwinding and determined its structure to an overall resolution of 3.45 Å by cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM). (rcsb.org)
  • EXOSC10 remains bound to the core, but its catalytic module and cofactor C1D are displaced by RNA-engaged MTR4. (rcsb.org)
  • RNA helicase activity of Mtr4p is critical for biological functions of the enzyme, but the molecular basis for RNA unwinding is not understood. (nature.com)
  • It has a DNA unwinding activity characteristic of helicases with a 3' to 5' polarity. (embl.de)
  • Enables RNA binding activity. (nih.gov)
  • Has various molecular functions, such as RNA strand annealing activity. (msgp.pt)
  • Human Pol III is composed of 17 subunits. (mpg.de)