Subunit complex. Medical search. Frequent questions

The eyelid is a complex structure with multiple subunits that mimic the underlying orbicularis oculi muscle. (medscape.com)
Each CaMKII molecule consists of multiple subunits and exists in either an active or inactive state. (elifesciences.org)
Our structure defines the interfaces where multiple subunits and domains contact one another. (nih.gov)

This gene encodes a major catalytic subunit of succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, a complex of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. (nih.gov)
Proper ATP synthase function requires a stator linking the catalytic and rotary portions of the complex. (biorxiv.org)
PP2A-B56 is a trimeric complex consisting of a scaffolding subunit (PPP2R1A-B), a catalytic subunit (PPP2CA-B), and a regulatory subunit of the B56 family (isoforms α, β, γ, δ, and ε). (nature.com)
The catalytic subunit of eukaryotic RNase H2, RNASEH2A, is well conserved and similar to the monomeric prokaryotic RNase HII. (wustl.edu)

The NMDA receptor is a massive multi-subunit complex that looks like a hot air balloon. (nih.gov)

The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a highly conserved six subunits protein complex essential for the initiation of the DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. (nih.gov)
GINS, a hetero-tetrameric protein complex is known to be essential for the initiation and progression of eukaryotic DNA replication. (ecu.edu)

This complex consists of two identical stacked rings, each containing eight different proteins. (nih.gov)
The complex folds various proteins, including actin and tubulin. (nih.gov)
The subunits that make up the large, medium and small chains of adaptor proteins. (lookformedical.com)
The majority of adaptor proteins exist as multi-subunit complexes, however monomeric varieties have also been found. (lookformedical.com)
Multimeric proteins can be composed of identical or non-identical subunits. (lookformedical.com)
As its name suggests, this protein forms one part (subunit) of the mediator complex, which is a group of about 25 proteins that work together to regulate gene activity. (medlineplus.gov)
The mediator complex physically links transcription factors, which are proteins that influence whether genes are turned on or off, with an enzyme called RNA polymerase II. (medlineplus.gov)
Our analysis shows that both proteins form part of the ATP synthase complex. (biorxiv.org)
Plus, normal sample preparation procedures tend to denature proteins, ripping complexes apart. (the-scientist.com)
The MED13L gene provides instructions for making a protein that is one piece (subunit) of a group of proteins known as the mediator complex. (nih.gov)
The mediator complex physically links the proteins that can turn genes on, called transcription factors, with the enzyme that carries out transcription, called RNA polymerase II. (nih.gov)
In contrast, the RNASEH2B and RNASEH2C subunits from human and Saccharomyces cerevisiae share very little homology, although they both form soluble B/C complexes that may serve as a nucleation site for the addition of RNASEH2A to form an active RNase H2, or for interactions with other proteins to support different functions. (wustl.edu)

Cryo-EM structure of the deltaretroviral intasome in complex with the PP2A regulatory subunit B56γ. (figshare.com)

How does SpoIIIE interact with DNA and how do the individual subunits coordinate their behaviour? (elifesciences.org)
Previously, our group and others have crystallized individual subunits of the receptor-just fragments-but that simply was not enough. (nih.gov)

Respiratory chain complex I deficiency represents a genetically heterogeneous group of diseases resulting from mutations in mitochondrial or nuclear genes. (nih.gov)
Mutations have been reported in 13 of the 14 subunits encoding the core of complex I (seven mitochondrial and six nuclear genes) and these result in Leigh or Leigh-like syndromes or cardiomyopathy. (nih.gov)
However, sequence-based searches fail to identify genes encoding stator subunits in apicomplexan parasites like Toxoplasma gondii or the related organisms that cause malaria. (biorxiv.org)
Most cases result from mutations in the X-linked gene for the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α subunit (PDHA1) while a few cases result from mutations in genes for E1β (PDHB), E2 (DLAT), E3 (DLD) and E3BP (PDHX) subunits or PDH-phosphatase (PDP1). (nih.gov)
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two genes, P. falciparum adaptor protein complex 2 mu subunit ( pfap2mu ) and ubiquitin specific protease 1 ( pfubp1 ), have been linked to delayed clearance with ACT use in Kenya and recurrent imported malaria in Britain. (biomedcentral.com)
This complex regulates the activity (transcription) of genes. (nih.gov)
Inactivating mutations in AP-4 subunit genes result in ATG9A accumulation in the TGN (Fig. 2), with consequent autophagic defects. (nih.gov)

In previous work, we showed that tyrosine-based signals bind to a conserved site on the mu1, mu2 and mu3 subunits of three hetero-tetrameric adaptor protein (AP) complexes, AP-1, AP-2 and AP-3, respectively. (nih.gov)

An adaptor protein complex involved in transport of molecules between the TRANS-GOLGI NETWORK and the endosomal-lysosomal system. (lookformedical.com)
They generally contain several modular domains, each of which having its own binding activity, and act by forming complexes with other intracellular-signaling molecules. (lookformedical.com)
Here, we use X-ray crystallography and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structure of the functional deltaretroviral IN assembled on viral DNA ends and bound to the B56γ subunit of its human host factor, protein phosphatase 2 A. The structure reveals a tetrameric IN assembly bound to two molecules of the phosphatase via a conserved short linear motif. (figshare.com)
These molecules will be extremely useful in deciphering the utility of targeting SMARCA2 as a synthetic lethal therapy in SMARCA4 mutant tumors as well as dissecting the changes in chromatin landscape and transcriptional responses to perturbation of the SWI/SNF complex. (mdanderson.org)
Experiments have shown that CaMKII molecules can swap subunits. (elifesciences.org)
Singh and Bhalla used a computer model to simulate subunit exchange between CaMKII molecules. (elifesciences.org)
The results revealed that when active CaMKII molecules swap subunits, synapses become better at retaining information. (elifesciences.org)
However, when inactive CaMKII molecules swap subunits, synapses do not become better at encoding information. (elifesciences.org)
Basically, an MS3 experiment involves weighing all the complexes in a sample fraction-there could be as many as 10 or 15 at a time-grabbing one, smashing it into inert-gas molecules to eject a subunit, weighing and sequencing the cast-off piece, and then repeating the process. (the-scientist.com)
The scientists further examined how the subunits fit together, and where molecules bind to trigger the channel to open or close. (nih.gov)

Loss of proteasome subunit RPN-12 causes an increased mean lifespan at a higher temperature in C. elegans. (nih.gov)

Mutations found in this gene (NADH dehydrogenase iron-sulphur protein 3), coding for the seventh and last subunit of complex I core, were shown to cause late onset Leigh syndrome, optic atrophy, and complex I deficiency. (nih.gov)
A biochemical diagnosis of complex I deficiency on cultured amniocytes from a later pregnancy was confirmed through the identification of disease causing NDUFS3 mutations in these cells. (nih.gov)
While it is likely that mutations in the MED13L gene impair the control of gene activity by the mediator complex, it is unclear how these changes lead to the particular cognitive and physical features of the disorder. (nih.gov)
Moreover, of five analyzed mutations in human RNASEH2B and RNASEH2C linked to Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome (AGS), only one, R69W in the RNASEH2C protein, exhibits a significant reduction in specific activity, revealing a role for the C subunit in enzymatic activity. (wustl.edu)

Hidden Markov modeling suggests that two of them-ICAP2 and ICAP18-share distant homology with mammalian stator subunits. (biorxiv.org)

Here, we show that the biochemical composition and stoichiometry of the human RNase H2 complex is consistent with the properties previously deduced from genetic studies. (wustl.edu)

The complex is composed of four nuclear-encoded subunits and is localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane. (nih.gov)
Depletion of ICAP2 leads to aberrant mitochondrial morphology, decreased oxygen consumption, and disassembly of the complex, consistent with its role as an essential component of the Toxoplasma ATP synthase. (biorxiv.org)

A clathrin adaptor protein complex primarily involved in clathrin-related transport at the TRANS-GOLGI NETWORK. (lookformedical.com)

They found that this complex is a key regulator of DNA-mediated induction of the cGAS-STING-IRF3 innate immune pathway. (researcher-app.com)
Here, we used computational methods to analyze the effect of subunit exchange on the CaMKII pathway in the presence of diffusion in two different micro-environments, the post synaptic density (PSD) and spine cytosol. (elifesciences.org)

RNA ligase-like domain in activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 1 (ASCC1) regulates ASCC complex function during alkylation damage. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

The potential effects of increased α4 subunit expression are unclear but should depend on the subcellular localization of this subunit in the epileptic animals. (jneurosci.org)
Our findings indicate that the decrease in δ subunit expression is associated with altered subcellular localization of the γ2 subunit and accompanying modifications of both tonic and phasic inhibitions of dentate granule cells. (jneurosci.org)

Exo-9 subunits bind RNA with sequence-unspecific interactions reminiscent of archaeal exosomes. (cipsm.de)
p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex). (uniprot.org)
Recent decades have brought major advances in understanding the complex interactions between the microbes that cause disease and their human hosts. (nih.gov)
Most complexes are held together by noncovalent interactions, assemble only transiently, or are located in the cell membrane-all of which complicate sample preparation, he. (the-scientist.com)

In the pilocarpine-treated mice, α4 subunit labeling remained at perisynaptic locations, but increased γ2 subunit labeling was also found at many perisynaptic locations on granule cell dendrites, consistent with a shift of the γ2 subunit from synaptic to perisynaptic locations and potential partnership of the α4 and γ2 subunits in the epileptic animals. (jneurosci.org)
However, increases in γ2 subunit expression could contribute to increased phasic (synaptic) inhibition, possibly as a compensatory response. (jneurosci.org)

Subunit exchange by CaMKII thus helps synapses stabilize existing memories, rather than form new ones. (elifesciences.org)
By forming crosslinks between the 4 subunits to further stabilize the structure, they resolved it in even greater detail. (nih.gov)

The protein encoded by this gene is a molecular chaperone that is a member of the chaperonin containing TCP1 complex (CCT), also known as the TCP1 ring complex (TRiC). (nih.gov)

IGF-I circulates predominantly in multi-protein complexes consisting of one molecule each of IGF-I, IGF binding protein-3 and the acid labile subunit (ALS). (nih.gov)
measured how SpoIIIE steps along the DNA and found that each subunit takes a small two base pair step when energy is released from a single molecule of ATP. (elifesciences.org)

Here, we identify 11 previously unknown subunits from the Toxoplasma ATP synthase, which lack homologs outside the phylum. (biorxiv.org)

and the resulting subunit composition of the modified receptors. (jneurosci.org)

These GABA A R subunit changes appear to impair both tonic and phasic inhibition, particularly at granule cell dendrites, and could reduce the adaptive responses of the GABA system in temporal lobe epilepsy. (jneurosci.org)

Following import of the precursor into isolated plastids, mostly the mature form of subunit II was found in the thylakoids. (tau.ac.il)
Following insertion into isolated thylakoids, both the precursor and the mature form of subunit II were confined to the PSI complex. (tau.ac.il)
Insertion of the mature form of subunit II was much less efficient than that of the precursor. (tau.ac.il)
These results suggest that in vivo the precursor of subunit II is inserted and embedded in the thylakoids, as part of the PSI complex. (tau.ac.il)

1108.1140] A Formalism for Scattering of Complex Composite Structures. (arxiv.org)
A Formalism for Scattering of Complex Composite Structures. (arxiv.org)
This allows the scattering expressions for complex hierarchical structures to be derived with great ease. (arxiv.org)
This allows sub-units to be replaced by more complex structures. (arxiv.org)
Solution structures of complexes between the isolated A (IIA(Man)) and B (IIB(Man)) domains of the cytoplasmic component of the mannose transporter of Escherichia coli have been solved by NMR. (nih.gov)
Researchers believe that as part of the mediator complex, the MED13L protein is involved in many aspects of early development, including development of the heart, nerve cells (neurons) in the brain, and structures in the face. (nih.gov)
The structures of parts of these subunits are known. (nih.gov)

Dileucine-based signals, on the other hand, bind to a different site on the surface of two subunits, gamma-sigma1, alpha-sigma2 and delta-sigma3, of the corresponding AP-1, AP-2 and AP-3 complexes. (nih.gov)
We subsequently found that a subset of tyrosine-based sorting signals fitting the consensus motif YXX[FL]E (where X is any amino acid) bind to the mu4 subunit of another AP complex named AP-4. (nih.gov)

abstract = "The biogenesis and assembly of subunit II of photosystem I (PSI) (psaD gene product) were studied and characterized. (tau.ac.il)

The exosome is the major 3′-5′ RNA-degradation complex in eukaryotes. (cipsm.de)
The substrate binding and channelling mechanisms of 3′-5′ RNA degradation complexes are conserved in all kingdoms of life. (cipsm.de)

Here we crystallized an approximately 440-kilodalton complex of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Exo-10 bound to a carboxy-terminal region of Rrp6 and to an RNA duplex with a 3′-overhang of 31 ribonucleotides. (cipsm.de)

The MED12 gene provides instructions for making a protein called mediator complex subunit 12. (medlineplus.gov)

GETTING TOGETHER: Lactate dehydrogenase from human skeletal muscle comprises four identical M subunits, shown here in different colors. (the-scientist.com)

Here we show that casein kinase II (CK2) phosphorylates the serine residue (Ser1480) within the C-terminal PDZ ligand (IESDV) of the NR2B subunit of NMDAR in vitro and in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
Oocyte recovery for in vitro applications can be achieved by isolating granulosa-oocyte-complexes from later antral follicles however, the majority of oocytes (≥ 90%) are encapsulated in the earliest, dormant PrFs 5 . (nature.com)
DOC-1 displays in vitro binding affinity for methylated DNA as part of the meCpG binding MBD2/NuRD complex. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)

Live-attenuated vaccines are relatively easy to create for certain viruses, but difficult to produce for more complex pathogens like bacteria and parasites. (nih.gov)

Finally, experiments with non-hydrolyzable ATP analogs suggest that SpoIIIE can operate with non-consecutive inactive subunits. (elifesciences.org)
We propose a two-subunit escort translocation mechanism that is strict enough to enable SpoIIIE to track one DNA strand, yet sufficiently compliant to permit the motor to bypass inactive subunits without arrest. (elifesciences.org)

An adaptor protein complex found primarily on perinuclear compartments. (lookformedical.com)
They have been primarily found as components of ADAPTOR PROTEIN COMPLEX 3 . (lookformedical.com)
We previously found that BRCA1-BRCA2-containing complex subunit 3 (BRCC3) was highly expressed in tumorigenic rat glioma cells. (oncotarget.com)

We used postembedding immunogold labeling to determine whether the subcellular locations of these subunits were also altered in pilocarpine-treated epileptic mice, and related functional changes were identified electrophysiologically. (jneurosci.org)
Several functional consequences are suggested by the altered expression of these particular GABA A R subunits. (jneurosci.org)

identified a 7SK snRNP-independent HEXIM1 complex composed of NEAT1 RNA, DNA-PK, and subunits of the nuclear paraspeckles, which they named HDP-RNP. (researcher-app.com)
A mediator complex subunit that is believed to play a key role in the coactivation of nuclear receptor-activated transcription by the mediator complex. (uams.edu)

The microprocessor complex subunit DGCR8 (DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DGCR8 gene. (wikipedia.org)

Mutation of the active site histidine, His-10, of IIA(Man) to a glutamate, to mimic phosphorylation, results in the formation of a single productive complex. (nih.gov)

Phospholipase Cbeta1b associates with a Shank3 complex at the cardiac sarcolemma. (curehunter.com)

Compton and his team are still ironing out the kinks, but they have begun applying the approach to protein complexes involved in metabolism. (the-scientist.com)

Here we used immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and RNA sequencing to identify a ribonuclear complex built around HEXIM1 and the long non-coding RNA NEAT1 that we dubbed the HEXIM1-DNA-PK-paraspeckle components-ribonucleoprotein complex (HDP-RNP). (researcher-app.com)
For mass spectrometry specifically, however, the problem with analyzing protein complexes, which can weigh in at 500 kDa, is size. (the-scientist.com)

The Mi-2/NuRD (NUcleosome Remodeling and histone Deacetylase) chromatin remodeling complex is a large heterogeneous multiprotein complex associated with transcriptional repression. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)

Alternatively, if α4 subunit expression were to increase directly at the synapse, it could contribute to phasic inhibition. (jneurosci.org)

We show that the phosphorylation-dependent formation of the BRCA2-PP2A-B56 complex is required for efficient RAD51 filament formation at sites of DNA damage and HR-mediated DNA repair. (nature.com)

The complex of wild-type IIA(Man) and IIB(Man) is a mixture of two species comprising a productive, phosphoryl transfer competent complex and a non-productive complex with the two active site histidines, His-10 of IIA(Man) and His-175 of IIB(Man), separated by approximately 25A. (nih.gov)

It binds to the other subunit Drosha, an RNase III enzyme, to form the microprocessor complex that cleaves a primary transcript known as pri-miRNA to a characteristic stem-loop structure known as a pre-miRNA, which is then further processed to miRNA fragments by the enzyme Dicer. (wikipedia.org)
One or more monomeric subunits may compose a protomer which itself is a subunit structure of a larger assembly. (lookformedical.com)
SpoIIIE contains six individual protein subunits that form a ring-shaped motor structure that spans the membrane. (elifesciences.org)

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) deficiencies are an important cause of primary lactic acidosis. (nih.gov)

Anatomy24

Organisms13

Chemicals and Drugs125

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes58

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care1

Multiple subunits3

Catalytic4

Multi-subunit Complex1

Eukaryotic2

Proteins12

Regulatory subunit1

Individual subunits2

Genes7

Hetero-tetrameric1

Molecules10

Proteasome1

Mutations4

Homology1

Genetic1

Mitochondrial2

Golgi1

Pathway2

Regulates1

Localization2

Interactions4

Synaptic2

Stabilize2

TCP11

Molecule2

Synthase1

Composition1

Impair1

Precursor4

Structures7

Bind2

Abstract1

Degradation2

Saccharomyces1

Protein called1

Identical1

Vitro3

Parasites1

Inactive2

Found3

Functional2

Nuclear2

Humans1

Mutation1

Cardiac1

Metabolism1

Mass spectrometry2

Histone1

Synapse1

Phosphorylation1

Species1

Structure3

Primary1