• Adenocarcinomas are most often highly heterogeneous peripheral tumors, and are thought to arise from malignant transformation of primitive cells that can exhibit differentiation characteristics of Club cells, Type II pneumocytes, bronchiolar surface cells, bronchial gland cells, or goblet cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cancer can be considered a disease of immune dysfunction, with a failure of immune recognition leading to the outgrowth of malignant cells as tumors ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • METHODOLOGY: A retrospective review of patients with malignant scalp tumour operated on at a single institution over 10 years was performed. (bvsalud.org)
  • The frequency of the type of neoplasm was higher for lung cancer, followed by malignant colon tumor. (cdc.gov)
  • Extrinsic bronchial compression by a large central tumor or malignant mediastinal adenopathy can cause dyspnea, which is common with patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). (sts.org)
  • The inflammatory microenvironment of solid tumors creates a protumorigenic milieu that resembles chronic inflammation akin to a subverted wound healing response. (researchgate.net)
  • Here, we investigated the effect of converting the tumor microenvironment from a chronically inflamed state to one of acute microbial inflammation by injecting microbial bioparticles direc. (researchgate.net)
  • The coagulation system constitutes an important facet of the unique vascular microenvironment in which primary and metastatic brain tumors evolve and progress. (rmmj.org.il)
  • Conversely, the coagulant microenvironment may also influence the molecular evolution of brain tumor cells through selective and instructive cues. (rmmj.org.il)
  • PL and LM showed limited heterogeneity in the genomic landscape, while the LM tumor microenvironment displayed lower levels of immune activation and infiltration than PL, which might contribute to developing precise immunotherapy strategies for patients with NSCLC with LM. (bmj.com)
  • Notch signaling cascades crosstalk with fibroblast growth factor and WNT signaling cascades in the tumor microenvironment to maintain cancer stem cells and remodel the tumor microenvironment. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Hypoxia, a condition of oxygen deprivation, is considered a hallmark of tumor microenvironment regulating several pathways and promoting cancer progression and resistance to therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Semaphorins, a family of about 20 secreted, transmembrane and GPI-linked glycoproteins, and their cognate receptors (plexins and neuropilins) play a pivotal role in the crosstalk between cancer and stromal cells present in the tumor microenvironment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hypoxia (low oxygen concentration) and nutrient deprivation, caused by inappropriate blood supply, represent important hallmarks of tumor microenvironment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Following effective priming in lymph nodes, T cells traffic to tumors and other peripheral tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • Pulmonary carcinoids most commonly metastasize to the mediastinal lymph nodes, liver, and bones. (bvsalud.org)
  • Tumors metastatic to mediastinal lymph nodes represent the most common mediastinal lesions and must be differentiated from primary lesions. (allenpress.com)
  • The current TNM staging system is used for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and more recently neuroendocrine tumors including small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and provides a framework for the assessment of prognosis and the assignment of therapy for patients with a new diagnosis of lung cancer using the histopathologic evaluation of the primary tumor (T), lymph nodes (N), and metastatic disease (M). (sts.org)
  • As with dyspnea, obstruction or compression of the bronchus by the tumor itself or by enlarged lymph nodes can cause wheezing if peripheral bronchi are affected or stridor if the trachea or main bronchi are involved. (sts.org)
  • Direct invasion of chest wall or mediastinal structures by either the tumor or enlarged lymph nodes may lead to diagnostic symptoms. (sts.org)
  • A case of combined small cell lung carcinoma featuring components of FA and cells resembling those from carcinoid tumor has been reported, illustrating the unique complexity and heterogeneity of divergent histogenesis and cell differentiation in lung cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • ABSTRACT: Pulmonary carcinoid tumors are a very rare type of neuroendocrine tumor, accounting for only 1% to 2% of all primary lung cancers. (bvsalud.org)
  • We presented 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT findings of an exceptional case of a pulmonary carcinoid tumor with extensive skin, subcutaneous, thyroid, and intramuscular metastases. (bvsalud.org)
  • Several molecular alterations found in carcinoid tumors might act as molecular targets leading to development of new therapeutic options. (springeropen.com)
  • In this Perspectives article, we review and synthesize these recent lines of evidence and propose a working nomenclature for SCLC subtypes defined by relative expression of these four factors. (cancerindex.org)
  • Defining the unique therapeutic vulnerabilities of these subtypes of SCLC should help to focus and accelerate therapeutic research, leading to rationally targeted approaches that may ultimately improve clinical outcomes for patients with this disease. (cancerindex.org)
  • SCLC and LCNEC are two highly aggressive tumor types with dismal prognoses and few therapeutic options. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, we generated and examined new models of LCNEC and SCLC transplantable cell lines derived from our previously developed primary mouse LCNEC and SCLC tumors. (bvsalud.org)
  • RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that our cell lines and syngeneic tumors maintained the transcriptome program from the original transgenic primary tumor and displayed strong similarities to human SCLC or LCNEC. (bvsalud.org)
  • This presentation occurs more commonly with centrally located tumors such as squamous cell tumors and SCLC. (sts.org)
  • These lesions are accessible through endoscopic/endobronchial ultrasound-guided or computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology and represent a wide range of primary and metastatic tumors. (allenpress.com)
  • Because of the highly aggressive nature of these cancers, two thirds of patients exhibit symptoms resulting from metastatic or systemic disease at the time of initial presentation. (sts.org)
  • Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) include all tumors derived from the diffuse endocrine system. (springeropen.com)
  • sequenced the whole exome of 69 pulmonary carcinoids reporting the most frequently DNA alterations found in these neoplasms. (springeropen.com)
  • Fetal adenocarcinoma (FA) of the lung is a rare subtype of pulmonary adenocarcinoma that exhibits tissue architecture and cell characteristics that resemble fetal lung tissue upon microscopic examination. (wikipedia.org)
  • Resident memory (T RM ) cells are a distinct tissue-localized T cell lineage that is crucial for protective immunity in peripheral tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recent studies in mouse tumor models have shown that T RM cells are induced by cancer vaccines delivered in peripheral tissue sites, or by the depletion of regulatory T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Such tumor-specific T RM cells are recognized as both necessary and sufficient for long-lived protection against tumors in peripheral tissue locations. (frontiersin.org)
  • Metastasis of pulmonary carcinoids to the skin and subcutaneous tissue is extremely rare and has been reported in only a small number of cases. (bvsalud.org)
  • While brain tumor cells express tissue factor (TF) and other effectors of the coagulation system (coagulome), their propensity to induce local and peripheral thrombosis is highly diverse, most dramatic in the case of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and less obvious in pediatric tumors. (rmmj.org.il)
  • In clinical practice, a key challenge for generating TIL products is the accessibility, quantity, and quality of tumor tissue in the era of neo-adjuvant therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. (lookformedical.com)
  • The clinical manifestations of IgG4-RD are usually tumor-like masses or organ enlargement, which result from dense tissue infiltration by immune cells and expansion of the extra-cellular matrix. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Background Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is the most common pediatric brain tumor and a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-driven disease. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Solitary or multiple benign hepatic vascular tumors, usually occurring in women of 20-50 years of age. (lookformedical.com)
  • In addition to highlighting key studies that directly implicate T RM cells in anti-tumor immunity, we will highlight earlier work that implicitly suggested their importance. (frontiersin.org)
  • While the immediate medical needs often frame the discussion on current clinical challenges, the coagulation pathway may contribute to brain tumor progression through subtle, context-dependent, and non-coagulant effects, such as induction of inflammation, angiogenesis, or by responding to iatrogenic insults (e.g. surgery). (rmmj.org.il)
  • In this regard, the emerging molecular diversity of brain tumor suptypes (e.g. in glioma and medulloblastoma) highlights the link between oncogenic pathways and the tumor repertoire of coagulation system regulators (coagulome). (rmmj.org.il)
  • 1 The most frequent primary tumor types of anterior mediastinal masses are thymic tumors and lymphoma, with approximate proportions of 35% and 25% among mediastinal lesions, respectively. (allenpress.com)
  • In lymphomas I have conducted studies in rare aggressive primary cutaneous tumors such as gamma/delta T cell lymphoma (expanding the description of the epidermotropic variant) as well as more indolent entities such as lymphomatoid papulosis (type D) and CD4-positive small to medium size T cell lymphoproliferative disorders. (mdanderson.org)
  • In addition of the categories of squamous dysplasia and carcinoma in situ , two additional lesions were added to the group of pre-invasive lesions: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH). (ersjournals.com)
  • Mediastinal tumors/lesions are frequently encountered in daily cytopathology practice. (allenpress.com)
  • To provide an updated review on the fine-needle aspiration cytology of mediastinal tumors/lesions, with an emphasis on diagnostic challenges. (allenpress.com)
  • This study aimed to analyze whether tumor response to immunotherapy differs between pulmonary lesions (PL) and LM in NSCLC and to explore potential mechanisms through multiomics analysis. (bmj.com)
  • 10. Results : In total 141 features were computed on each concordance analysis, 10 of which were non-reproducible on all pulmonary lesions. (hes-so.ch)
  • Pulmonary lesions located in the superior lobes had only stable radiomics features, the ones from the lower parts had 25 non-reproducible radiomics features. (hes-so.ch)
  • FA can occur in combination with other forms of lung cancer, particularly other variants of adenocarcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Molecular subtypes of small cell lung cancer: a synthesis of human and mouse model data. (cancerindex.org)
  • Phase III clinical trials of Rova‑T for patients with small‑cell lung cancer and a phase III clinical trial of nirogacestat for patients with desmoid tumors are ongoing. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Tumour-associated activating mutations in EGFR can identify patients with NSCLC who are likely to have a good response to TKIs. (bmj.com)
  • Methods This observational longitudinal clinical cohort study included patients with NSCLC with LM receiving immunotherapy was conducted to evaluate organ-specific tumor response of PL and LM. (bmj.com)
  • However, the mechanisms involved in CDK7-mediated tumor immune evasion are unclear in NSCLC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Almost all of the pulmonary symptoms of NSCLC can be mimicked by a postobstructive pneumonia. (sts.org)
  • Data were gathered from a PubMed search of peer-reviewed literature on mediastinal tumors. (allenpress.com)
  • The cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) subunit of TFIIH regulates RNA polymerase-II-based transcription and promotes tumor progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many studies reported that some semaphorins are involved in the development of a permissive tumor niche, guiding cell-cell communication and, consequently, the development and progression, as well as the response to therapy, of different cancer histotypes, including melanoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, semaphorins and their cognate receptors are involved in controlling cancer stem cell phenotype, contributing to tumor progression, resistance to therapies, and metastasis initiation [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Semaphorins/semaphorin receptors are considered relevant drivers of angiogenesis and regulators of tumor progression and response to therapy, as well as cellular metabolism and genomic stability [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the last years a huge amount of data has been obtained shedding novel insights on the mechanisms through which hypoxia affects tumor progression and response to therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients undergoing yttrium‐90 ( 90 Y)‐microspheres therapy for hepatic tumors must first be evaluated with liver imaging using arterially infused 99m Tc‐ macroaggregated albumin ( MAA ) as part of the planning process for a safe and effective procedure. (radiologykey.com)
  • The prognosis of patients with FA as a whole is considered to be better than that of most other forms of non-small cell carcinoma, including biphasic pulmonary blastoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another change is the subclassification of adenocarcinoma: the definition of bronchioalveolar carcinoma has been restricted to noninvasive tumours. (ersjournals.com)
  • As compared to the previous edition, changes include a better definition of pre-invasive lesion, a reclassification of adenocarcinoma, the description of two new tumour types as variants of large cell carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and basaloid carcinoma, and a new class called pleomorphic carcinoma. (ersjournals.com)
  • [ 3 , 4 ] The term "pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma" was first applied by Harwood and colleagues in 1976 to 6 cases of peripheral lung adenocarcinoma that closely mimicked mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
  • Tumour classification systems provide the foundation for tumour diagnosis and patient therapy and a critical basis for epidemiological and clinical studies. (ersjournals.com)
  • CONCLUSION: Scalp tumours are heterogeneous in their clinical profiles. (bvsalud.org)
  • Recent developments in technology may make the monitoring of changes in patients' tumour genotypes easier in clinical practice, which may enable patients' treatment regimens to be tailored during the course of their disease, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes. (bmj.com)
  • Consensus report of the 2021 National Cancer Institute neuroendocrine tumor clinical trials planning meeting. (ucsf.edu)
  • Clinical symptoms can be categorized simply as pulmonary, extrapulmonary thoracic, and extrathoracic symptoms. (sts.org)
  • Mutation or loss of this gene can be found in 13% of sporadic pulmonary carcinoids and seem to be associated to shorter survival [ 13 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • We collected paired PL and LM tumor samples to analyze the organ-specific difference using whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and multiplex immunohistochemistry. (bmj.com)
  • This relationship may influence the mechanisms of spontaneous and therapeutically provoked tumor cell interactions with the coagulation system as a whole. (rmmj.org.il)
  • These studies indicated the enormous potential for targeting transcriptional addiction in aggressive and therapeutically recalcitrant tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tumor development has been said to occur in three distinct steps: inefficient elimination of early transformed cells, development of a state of equilibrium between tumor cells and immune cells, and tumor escape from immune pressure ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • While innate immune cells are important for early tumor immune surveillance, T cells are fundamentally recognized for their crucial role in the antigen-specific recognition and elimination of malignantly transformed cells ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The past decade has seen the discovery and development of novel treatments that harness the patient's immune system and prevent immune escape due to increased understanding of the tumor immune environment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MYC enhances the oncogenic transcriptional amplification program in cancers and plays a critical role in a variety of tumor biology including immune evasion, energy metabolism, invasion, angiogenesis, and proliferation [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic immune-mediated fibroinflammatory disorder that often manifests with tumor-like masses and/or painless enlargement of multiple organs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Often, its tumour biology and microscopic extent are underestimated. (bvsalud.org)
  • A number of techniques have been employed for genotypic assessment of tumour-associated DNA to identify EGFR mutations, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. (bmj.com)
  • Genomic landscapes profiling revealed similar somatic mutations, tumor mutational burden, and neoantigen number between PL and LM. (bmj.com)
  • Characterized by cell-surface molecules including CD103, CD69, and CD49a, T RM -like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be found in a wide range of human cancers, where they portend improved prognosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Whereas pleural mesothelioma is highly associated with asbestos exposure , nonmesotheliomatous cancers have generally not been proven to result from exposure to airborne asbestos. (medscape.com)
  • Moreover, the fibrous nature of the tumor has given rise to various other names, such as pleural fibroma, submesothelial fibroma, and localized fibrous tumor. (medscape.com)
  • [ 12 ] Rare cases of primary pulmonary or pleural DSRCT have subsequently been identified. (medscape.com)
  • Most FA's are well or moderately differentiated tumors, although high-grade, poorly differentiated variants have been described. (wikipedia.org)
  • As the field of cancer immunotherapy advances rapidly, it is now crucial to understand how the dissemination and maintenance of tumor-specific T cells can be optimally achieved. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, it also points out the weaknesses of immunotherapy, as not all tumors respond to therapy and the co-administration of different immunomodulators may be severely limited due to their systemic toxicity. (mdpi.com)
  • However, not all patients respond to immunotherapy, acquired resistance remains a challenge, and responses are poor in certain tumors which are considered to be immunologically cold. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conclusions Compared with PL, LM presents an inferior organ-specific tumor response to immunotherapy. (bmj.com)
  • The Notch signaling network exerts oncogenic and tumor‑suppressive effects in a cancer stage‑ or (sub)type‑dependent manner. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • FA is a rare tumor, with a relative incidence estimated to be no more than 0.5% of all lung cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Molecular imaging with whole‐body positron emission tomography (PET)/CT or PET/MRI utilizes metabolic and receptor‐based strategies for tumor detection in staging and restaging various cancers. (radiologykey.com)
  • FA is an epithelial tumor whose cells and architecture resemble that of fetal lung tissues in the pseudoglandular stage of development (which occurs at about 10-16 weeks gestation in the human), with complex glandular structures and morules with cell nuclei that appear clear due to the accumulation of biotin. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a growing number of cases, CD8 T cells have been shown to mediate the regression of large bulky tumors, resulting in durable long-term disease remissions ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The currently accepted nomenclature is solitary fibrous tumor. (medscape.com)
  • There has been substantial evolution of concepts in neuroendocrine lung tumour classification. (ersjournals.com)
  • An international system of tumour classification is important for consistency in patient treatments and to provide the basis of epidemiological and biological studies. (ersjournals.com)
  • Additionally he leads the PRRT (peptide receptor radionuclide therapy) program for neuroendocrine tumors and PSMA Radioligand Therapy at UCSF. (ucsf.edu)
  • lt;br />Emraclidine is a novel, brain-penetrant, highly selective M4 receptor positive allosteric modulator in development for the treatment of schizophrenia. (journalfilter.com)
  • For instance, while several semaphorins have been reported to reduce tumor growth and angiogenesis, others are found to promote tumor growth or metastasis [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite extensive studies on the effect of these genes on the development pathways, some MSY genes have remained as missing proteins with no experimental protein evidence due to highly transient and spatio-temporal restricted expression patterns. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Low-grade tumors may recur and infiltrate adjacent structures. (medscape.com)
  • Methods We established new patient-derived PA cell lines that preserve molecular features of the primary tumors and can be studied in OIS and proliferation depending on expression or repression of the SV40 large T antigen. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • 2 The vasculature of the central nervous system (CNS) evolved to meet these unique demands in multiple ways, including through highly regulated perfusion, transendothelial transport mechanisms, and protective effects of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). (rmmj.org.il)
  • 4 Notably, thrombotic events occurring locally in the brain often coincide with peripheral coagulopathy through mechanisms that are not fully understood. (rmmj.org.il)
  • FA can produce repeated hemoptysis, possibly related to cavitation of the tumor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Salivary Gland Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma: Clinicopathological Features and Gene Alterations in 36 Japanese Patients. (nagoya-u.ac.jp)
  • An international leader in PET/MR research and the translation of new molecular imaging agents, Dr. Hope launched the highly successful PSMA prostate program at UCSF and championed the use of multiple new targeted therapies to treat patients with neuroendocrine and other tumors. (ucsf.edu)
  • T RM responses against tumor/self-antigens can concurrently result in the development of pathogenic T RM responses to self, with a growing number of autoimmune diseases and inflammatory pathologies being attributed to T RM responses. (frontiersin.org)
  • While FA can be diagnosed via biopsy, bronchial brushings, and immunocytochemistry, examination of the whole tumor is required to rule out biphasic pulmonary blastoma, a mixed tumor of higher aggressiveness, wherein FA occurs admixed with primitive blastoma cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • My research interests comprise cutaneous tumors with emphasis in lymphomas and melanoma. (mdanderson.org)
  • Successful TIL therapy starts with the identification, enrichment, stimulation, and expansion of potent tumor-reactive T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In such cases, these biphasic tumors are classified as a form of pulmonary blastoma because the presence of the blastomatous cells dramatically worsens the prognosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • whereas T EM cells were shown to recirculate predominantly through blood, and peripheral tissues ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In the early 2000's, large and persistent populations of antigen (Ag)-specific CD8 T cells in peripheral tissues were initially classified as T EM cells in recirculation from the blood ( 8 , 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Gallium‐68 ( 68 Ga)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclo‐dodecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid DOTA‐peptides highlight neuroendocrine tumors ( NETs ) through binding the somatostatin receptors that are overexpressed on the surfaces of their cells. (radiologykey.com)
  • Conclusions Our data demonstrate that BCL-XL is critical for survival of senescent PA tumor cells and provides proof-of-principle for the use of clinically available BCL-XL-dependent senolytics. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • One is the ability to administer large numbers of highly selected cells with high avidity for tumor antigens that can recognize shared and patient-specific mutated (neo) antigens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • chronic myeloid leukemia (cml) is characterized by increased and unregulated proliferation of granulocytic lineage in the bone marrow and presence of these immature myeloid cells in the peripheral blood with presence of philadelphia (ph) chromosome. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • the protocol that is widely used to establish lcls involves peripheral blood mononuclear cell isolation by density gradient centrifugation, however, that method requires as much as 5 ml of peripheral blood. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • A special case of chest wall invasion is the superior sulcus (Pancoast) tumor, which involves the thoracic outlet. (sts.org)