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SerineMitosisPhosphorylationAmino Acid SequenceMolecular Sequence DataSubstrate SpecificityKineticsPhosphoserineBinding SitesSerine EndopeptidasesProtein-Serine-Threonine KinasesProtein BindingMutagenesis, Site-DirectedCell LineMutationProtein KinasesEnzyme ActivationBase SequenceRecombinant ProteinsProtein Structure, TertiaryPhosphoproteinsThreonineTyrosineModels, MolecularSequence Homology, Amino AcidCatalysisAmino Acid SubstitutionCells, CulturedPeptide MappingPhosphopeptidesHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelProtein ConformationSerine ProteasesStructure-Activity RelationshipEscherichia coliProtein Kinase CSerine Proteinase InhibitorsHeLa CellsHydrolysisProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalTransfectionCloning, MolecularCasein Kinase IISignal TransductionSequence AlignmentCell Cycle ProteinsCyclic AMP-Dependent Protein KinasesMolecular WeightEnzyme InhibitorsAmino AcidsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsCatalytic DomainCDC2 Protein KinasePeptide FragmentsPeptidesProtein-Tyrosine KinasesBlotting, WesternCattleModels, BiologicalPhosphoprotein PhosphatasesCOS CellsAdenosine TriphosphatePhosphothreonineDNA-Binding ProteinsCell CycleCell MembraneChromatography, High Pressure LiquidCell NucleusSaccharomyces cerevisiaeNuclear ProteinsIsoenzymesOxidative PhosphorylationPhosphotyrosineCrystallography, X-RayProteinsPrecipitin TestsAmino Acid MotifsDNATime FactorsCarrier ProteinsProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktImmunoblottingBacterial ProteinsProto-Oncogene ProteinsProtein TransportTemperatureMitogen-Activated Protein KinasesMembrane ProteinsImmunoprecipitationAlanineTrypsinCell Line, TumorIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein KinasesCysteineOkadaic AcidEndopeptidases14-3-3 ProteinsDNA Primers
ProteinsAmino acidProtein phosphorylationMitoticThreonine and tyrosineTyrosine residuesEnzymeCysteine residuesRegulationCyclin-dependentLysinePhosphatasesPhosphorylateKinase familyInvolvesRegulatesCatalyticDissociationCentrosomePhosphorylatesAuroraMolecular weightERK2FunctionallyMitochondriaReceptorInhibitionRegulatoryPLK1InteractionInitiationExpressionDegradationCDK2TransitionRegulateAdhesionInteractionsMethylationCytoskeletonNuclearStagesTranscriptionDistinctSpecific
Proteins13
  • 1 Reversible protein phosphorylation is an important regulatory mechanism that controls the activities of a myriad of proteins and is thus involved in virtually every major physiological process. (ac.be)
  • 4 While proteins can be phosphorylated on nine amino acids, serine, threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation are by far the most predominant in eukaryotic cells. (ac.be)
  • A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors. (lookformedical.com)
  • A growing body of evidences suggests the following two main pathways that active AURKA: (i) the phosphorylation of conserved Thr288 residing on the activation segment or the (ii) interaction with co-factor proteins (e.g. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification involving the conjugation of the 76 amino acid ubiquitin to the lysine residue of other proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The TP53 role anything, which is as heterodimerization of the RUNX1: loop repeat, was identified to directly eventually heat Phosphorylation of several proteins that are diseases of intellectual stages. (erik-mill.de)
  • These proteins, including Aurora A and B, are serine/threonine kinases that are essential for cell division activities such as spindle construction, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis. (smadpathway.com)
  • CDKs are cyclin-dependent serine-/threonine-specific proteins kinases, the experience of which depends upon cyclin binding. (niepokorny.org)
  • Furthermore to people indirect results on cell routine legislation, the viral proteins kinase pUL97 straight cross-talks with CDKs since it mimics CDKs in phosphorylating partly-identical substrates and evidently possesses commonalities in protein framework and functionality. (niepokorny.org)
  • The forming of pUL97 oligomers and ADOS dimers is dependant on a self-interaction domain, located within proteins 231-280, that facilitates solid autophosphorylation taking place at N-terminal residues [35 generally,36,37]. (niepokorny.org)
  • much 75 cytosol of pairing substrates are in 1500 220 KDa proteins with IGFBP3 and ALS. (evakoch.com)
  • 2) Lysine acetylation in histones and various other proteins is certainly effected with the active interplay of acetyltransferase (HAT) and deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, which is certainly analogous towards the regulation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine phosphorylation by kinases and phosphatases. (smartrailexpo-europe.com)
  • For instance, the Wager bromodomain-containing proteins (BRD) 4 takes on a key part in several mobile procedures, including mitosis. (smartrailexpo-europe.com)
Amino acid2
Protein phosphorylation2
  • Although viewed as a constitutive housekeeping enzyme in the past, PP2A is a highly regulated phosphatase and is emerging as an important regulator of multiple cellular processes involving protein phosphorylation. (ac.be)
  • But advances in the understanding of protein phosphatases make now clear that these enzymes are precisely regulated and are as important as kinases in the regulation of cellular processes involving protein phosphorylation. (ac.be)
Mitotic6
  • An aurora kinase that localizes to the CENTROSOME during MITOSIS and is involved in centrosome regulation and formation of the MITOTIC SPINDLE. (lookformedical.com)
  • Mammalian aurora-A belongs to a multigenic family of mitotic serine/threonine kinases comprising two other members: aurora-B and aurora-C. In this review we will focus on aurora-A that starts to localize to centrosomes only in S phase as soon as centrioles have been duplicated, the protein is then degraded in early G1. (lookformedical.com)
  • A family of serine/threonine kinase Aurora constitutes a key regulator in the orchestration of mitotic events. (lookformedical.com)
  • Indeed, the phosphorylation level of Thr288 of AURKA was significantly elevated when the mammalian cells were treated with H 2 O 2 , suggesting that the hyperphosphorylation of AURKA induces mitotic delay and abnormal spindle formation [ 17 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Aurora B levels peak in early mitosis and then dramatically decline at mitotic exit. (smadpathway.com)
  • Development through mitosis depends upon three major regulatory systems, each involving several serine/threonine kinases, referred to as mitotic kinases. (survivinpathway.com)
Threonine and tyrosine2
Tyrosine residues1
  • Ectopic up-regulation of PTPRD in neuroblastoma dephosphorylates tyrosine residues in AURKA resulting in a destabilization of this protein culminating in interfering with one of AURKA's primary functions in neuroblastoma, the stabilization of MYCN protein, the gene of which is amplified in approximately 25 to 30% of high risk neuroblastoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzyme1
  • Bien que considérée dans le passé comme une enzyme constitutive non spécifique, PP2A est une phosphatase soumise à une régulation précise et qui est importante dans le contrôle des fonctions cellulaires impliquant la phosphorylation. (ac.be)
Cysteine residues1
  • As discussed in detail below, biochemical, biophysical, structural, and cellular evidences have shown that the redox modification of the cysteine residues of AURKA affects both the phosphorylation state of Thr288 and the conformation state of structural elements critical for the kinase activity, leading to the regulation of AURKA activity. (encyclopedia.pub)
Regulation7
  • ERK1: a serine/threonine kinase of the GMGC group that plays a critical role in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. (assaygenie.com)
  • MAPK cascades also plays a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors. (assaygenie.com)
  • The regulation of PP2A is mainly accomplished by the identity of the regulatory B-type subunit, which determines substrate specificity, subcellular localization and catalytic activity of the PP2A holoenzyme. (ac.be)
  • A large and still-growing number of PP2A substrates have been identified, which makes PP2A an important player in the regulation of a plethora of cellular processes. (ac.be)
  • Aurora kinase C is a chromosomal passenger protein that interacts with aurora kinase B in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)
  • A family of highly conserved serine-threonine kinases that are involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)
  • An aurora kinase that is a component of the chromosomal passenger protein complex and is involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)
Cyclin-dependent1
  • DARPP-32 can itself inhibit the following PKA DARPP-32 phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). (pp1a.com)
Lysine4
  • Ubiquitin contains seven lysine residues and one N-terminal methionine residue, each of which can be attached to another ubiquitin moiety. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the homotypic polyubiquitination, all building blocks of the chain are connected through the same lysine or methionine residue and a total of eight different chain types can be formed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Notably, the next SD includes an invariant lysine residue (K355), the substitute mutation which resulted in an entire lack of kinase activity [16,30,31]. (niepokorny.org)
  • Acetylation of histones lysine residues can be one such important component in the epigenetic legislation of gene appearance. (smartrailexpo-europe.com)
Phosphatases1
Phosphorylate3
  • We propose that procentriole assembly requires PLK4 to phosphorylate STIL in two different regions: phosphorylation of residues in the STAN motif allow STIL to bind SAS6 and initiate cartwheel assembly, while phosphorylation of S428 promotes the binding of STIL to CPAP, linking the cartwheel to microtubules of the centriole wall. (elifesciences.org)
  • Extremely, CDKs and pUL97 phosphorylate Rb at similar residues [17,26]. (niepokorny.org)
  • [13] According to this new data ROCK does not need to be activated by RhoA or phosphorylation because it is always active, and whether ROCK will phosphorylate its substrates (e.g. myosin regulatory light chain ) depends only on their subcellular localization. (cloudfront.net)
Kinase family2
  • Aurora kinase A (AURKA), which is a member of serine/threonine kinase family, plays a critical role in regulating mitosis. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Along with Cdk1/cyclin N, members of the Aurora/Ipl1 kinase family are also crucial regulators of mitosis. (smadpathway.com)
Involves1
Regulates1
  • FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
Catalytic4
  • In both complexes, separase is inhibited by pseudosubstrate motifs that block substrate binding at the catalytic site and at nearby docking sites. (wikipedia.org)
  • The enzymes that dephosphorylate these three amino acids are classified into four groups on the basis of specific catalytic signatures/domain sequences and substrate preference. (ac.be)
  • This has led to the development of a range of ERK1/2 inhibitors (ERKi) that either inhibit kinase catalytic activity (catERKi) or additionally prevent the activating pT-E-pY dual phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by MEK1/2 (dual-mechanism or dmERKi). (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Predicated on series evaluation and a 3D style of pUL97, the viral kinase displays structural similarity to CDK2 in the catalytic middle and in functionally essential residues from the ATP binding site [16]. (niepokorny.org)
Dissociation2
  • This in turn results in aPKCζ-mediated NUMB phosphorylation, NUMB dissociation from p53, and p53 degradation (Fig. 1a ) 12 . (nature.com)
  • However, MEKi pre-treatment, which blocks ERK2 pT-E-pY phosphorylation and dissociation from MEK1/2, prevents ERK2 turnover. (babraham.ac.uk)
Centrosome1
  • Plk1 belongs to a family of conserved serine/threonine kinases with a polo-box domain and plays a critical role in the initiation of mitosis, centrosome maturation, bipolar spindle formation, and cytokinesis. (nature.com)
Phosphorylates2
  • CDK2 is a core cell-cycle kinase that phosphorylates many substrates to drive progression through the cell cycle. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we show that PLK4 phosphorylates its centriole substrate STIL on a conserved site, S428, to promote STIL binding to CPAP. (elifesciences.org)
Aurora3
  • Importantly, one other individual meats directly influence Aurora T localization, and phosphorylation of conserved residues in the C terminus of INCENP greatly raises Aurora B kinase activity. (smadpathway.com)
  • Remarkably, a current study contradicts these findings, indicating that p97 is needed for the disassociation of Aurora B from chromosomes, which will be in turn a requisite for nuclear envelope reformation at the end of mitosis. (smadpathway.com)
  • Within this review, we summarize the functions that all of the Aurora kinases has in cancer biology and mitosis, and discuss the binding modes of Aurora A kinase inhibitors, the spot elements in the binding sites and the fortunate inhibitor components. (survivinpathway.com)
Molecular weight1
ERK21
  • This phosphorylation causes dramatic conformational changes, which enable full activation and interaction of MAPK1/ERK2 with its substrates. (assaygenie.com)
Functionally1
  • We detected phosphorylation on S155 and identified S155 as a functionally important site for lipid metabolism. (uci.edu)
Mitochondria1
Receptor1
  • Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β) signals through a serine/threonine-kinase receptor pathway. (janechin.net)
Inhibition3
  • However, while securin contains its own pseudosubstrate motifs to occlude substrate binding, the CDK1-cyclin B complex inhibits separase by rigidifying pseudosubstrate motifs from flexible loops in separase itself, leading to an auto-inhibition of the proteolytic activity of separase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Upon CDK2 inhibition, cells exhibit a rapid loss of substrate phosphorylation that rebounds within several hours. (bvsalud.org)
  • We found Plk1 plays a critical role in maintaining intralysosomal pH by regulating ATP6V1A phosphorylation, and inhibition of Plk1 impaired lysosomal function leading to blockade of autophagic flux. (nature.com)
Regulatory1
  • [17] ROCK1 activation by RhoA also promotes stabilization of F-actin , phosphorylation of regulatory myosin light chain (MLC) and an increase in contractility, which plays a crucial role in tumor cell migration and metastasis. (cloudfront.net)
PLK11
  • Plk1 protein and activity are low in G1, accumulate during S and G2/M phases, and are rapidly reduced in the late stages of mitosis [ 7 ]. (nature.com)
Interaction1
Initiation1
  • The pre-replication complex (pre-RC) assembly or the DNA replication licensing is the first step in DNA replication initiation, characterized by the sequential recruitment of ORCs, Cdc6, Cdt1 and MCMs to the DNA replication origins to form the pre-RC at the end of mitosis ( Bell and Dutta 2002 ). (intechopen.com)
Expression1
  • Expression of phosphorylation-defective PLIN5 S155A in Plin5 null cells resulted in decreased rates of lipolysis and triglyceride-derived fatty acid oxidation. (uci.edu)
Degradation1
  • Separase initiates the activation of Cdc14 in early anaphase and Cdc14 has been found to dephosphorylate securin, thereby increasing its efficiency as a substrate for degradation. (wikipedia.org)
CDK22
  • Here, we use several CDK2 inhibitors in clinical development to interrogate CDK2 substrate phosphorylation, cell-cycle progression, and drug adaptation in preclinical models. (bvsalud.org)
  • Studies with Mcl-1 phosphorylation mutants show that cyclin E/Cdk2-dependent phosphorylation of Mcl-1 residues on its PEST domain resulted in increased Mcl-1 stability (Thr92, and Thr163) and Bim binding (Ser64). (oncotarget.com)
Transition1
Regulate1
  • Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
Adhesion1
  • A method based on atomic force microscopy is used to delineate the properties that determine single-molecule adhesion onto solid substrates in aqueous environment. (cipsm.de)
Interactions1
  • When a substrate such as GTP-bound RhoA binds to the Rho-binding region of the coiled-coil domain, the interactions between the N-terminus and the C-terminus are disrupted, thus activating the protein. (cloudfront.net)
Methylation1
  • This methylation is formed below with: an phosphorylation acetyl-CoA with an calcium maltose, a level with a setting a004614, a consistent domain with an alpha, and a process with A, water and actomyosin dynamics to occur these three melanocytes of loop. (evakoch.com)
Cytoskeleton1
  • ROCK1 phosphorylation sites are at RXXS/T or RXS/T. [11] More than 15 ROCK1 substrates have been identified and activation from these substrates most often leads to actin filament formation and cytoskeleton rearrangements. (cloudfront.net)
Nuclear1
Stages1
  • Stages of the cell cycle are G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), G2, M (Mitosis), and G0 (quiescence), with mitosis as the shortest and most visually dramatic process of the cycle after which two daughter cells result, Figure 1-1. (janechin.net)
Transcription1
  • The RUNX1: heterodimer carrier represses thus inhibited in IL1 phosphorylation of transcription classical kinases, including GPAM, KCTD6 and AXIN1( Stender et al. (erik-mill.de)
Distinct1
Specific1
  • When the cell is not dividing, separase is prevented from cleaving cohesin through its association with either securin or upon phosphorylation of a specific serine residue in separase by the cyclin-CDK complex. (wikipedia.org)