Substrate caspase 1. Medical search. Frequent questions

Useful in studying enzyme regulation and inhibitors, determining target substrate, screening caspase inhibitors, or as a positive control in caspase assays. (enzolifesciences.com)
Active recombinant caspases are useful in screening caspase inhibitors, studying enzyme kinetics and regulation, determining substrate specificity, and as a positive control in caspase activity assays. (enzolifesciences.com)
SM Biochemicals LLC is a supplier of caspase/apoptosis inhibitors, substrates, unusual amino acids and complex organic molecules. (biosciregister.com)
We offer caspase related apoptosis products that include: apoptosis inducers, Casapase activity and inhibitor assays and high quality human recombinant active caspases to study enzyme regulation and kinetics, screen caspase inhibitors, determine target substrates, etc. (cephamls.com)
Currently, many old drugs have been identified as NTCP inhibitors and applied to the study of NTCP (Fig. 1). (atpasesignal.com)
The initiation of this cascade reaction is regulated by caspase inhibitors. (wikidoc.org)

Active caspase-9, in turn, activates executioner caspases-3 and -7. (jneurosci.org)
The inflammasome complex subsequently activates Casp-1, which in turn initiates downstream responses, including the maturation and release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 ( 4 , 5 , 10 , 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that activates cysteine protease caspase-1, which leads to the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL)-1β and IL-18 ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Our earlier research demonstrated a multi-functional secreted protein, secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A2, chaperones LPS to cytosol, and activates caspase-11 Rabbit polyclonal to CD27 as well as the non-canonical inflammasome pathway, resulting in pyroptosis. (ecplf2017.org)
One of these pathways, the inflammasome pathway, activates a family of cysteine proteases called inflammatory caspases. (bvsalud.org)
It activates various caspases and cleaves proteins such as aggrecan (3). (rndsystems.com)
This may suggest that caspase-2 activates a non-canonical replication checkpoint to facilitate DNA repair. (nature.com)
the apoptosome (regulated by cytochrome c and the Bcl-2 family ) which activates caspase-9 . (wikidoc.org)

Caspase-1 is the prototypical member of the caspase family of cysteine proteases. (enzolifesciences.com)
Recognition of the inflammatory ligand results in the formation of inflammasomes ( 3 , 6 ), which are multi-protein signaling hubs that initiate immune responses by recruiting and activating proteases, such as caspase-1 (Casp-1) ( 4 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
The Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases and considered the central regulators of the apoptosis process. (cephamls.com)
Caspases are cysteine proteases that are specific for substrates with an aspartic acid residue at the P(1) position and have an optimal recognition motif that incorporates four amino acid residues N-terminal to the cleavage site. (rcsb.org)
Granzyme B is a member of the granzyme family of the serine proteases found specifically in the cytotoxic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells (1, 2). (rndsystems.com)
Caspases are a family of calcium -dependent cysteine proteases , which play essential roles in apoptosis (programmed cell death), necrosis and inflammation . (wikidoc.org)
They are called cysteine proteases , because they use a cysteine residue to cut those proteins, and are called caspases because the cysteine residue cleaves their substrate proteins at specific asparagine residues. (wikidoc.org)

Caspase-3 cleaves the death substrate PARP to a specific 85 kDa form observed during apoptosis and is inhibitable by the CrmA protein. (thomassci.com)
After being activated by active cathepsin C, rhGranzyme B cleaves a thioester substrate described previously (3). (rndsystems.com)

As a specificity control, the inhibitor LEHD-FMK for caspase-9 was added to the reactions along with relevant substrate (d). (cdc.gov)
If autofluorescence of the inhibitor near this wavelength is an issue, we recommend using Fluorogenic HDAC class 2a substrate 2 (green), BPS catalog #50042. (taq-polymerase.net)
This substrate should be used when the inhibitor fluoresces near 450 nm. (taq-polymerase.net)
This in vitro assay employs the fluorescent inhibitor probe FAM-WEHD-FMK to label active caspase-1 enzyme in living cells. (immunochemistry.com)
combined BI2536 (an inhibitor of PLK1) with cisplatin (DDP) to treat ESCC cells and found the combination of two drugs had a synergistic effect on tumor inhibition and resulted in pyroptotic death of cancer cells by Caspase-3/GSDME pathway. (researchsquare.com)
Z-YVAD-FMK is a potent cell-permeable and irreversible inhibitor of caspase-1. (adooq.com)
Z-VDVAD-FMK is a cell-permeable, irreversible inhibitor of caspase-2. (adooq.com)
VX-765 is a novel Caspase-1 inhibitor,which is an enzyme that controls the generation of two cytokines, IL-1b and IL-18. (adooq.com)
Z-DEVD-FMK is a specific, irreversible Caspase-3 inhibitor. (adooq.com)
We report the X-ray crystallographic structure of caspase-8 in complex with benzyloxycarbonyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde (Z-DEVD), a specific group II caspase inhibitor. (rcsb.org)
Kinetic data reveal that Z-DEVD (K(i) 2 nM) is an almost equally potent inhibitor of caspase-8 as the specific group III inhibitor Boc-IETD-aldehyde (K(i) 1 nM). (rcsb.org)

In view of this finding, the original classification of caspases into three specificity groups needs to be modified, at least for caspase-8, which tolerates small hydrophobic residues as well as the acidic residue Asp in subsite S(4). (rcsb.org)
Resurrection of an ancient inflammatory locus reveals switch to caspase-1 specificity on a caspase-4 scaffold. (salvesenlab.org)

initiator caspases (caspases 2, 8, 9 and 10), which are able to hydrolyse and activate a second family of effector caspases (caspases 3, 6 and 7), which themselves are able to hydrolyse further cellular proteins to bring about programmed cell death. (guidetopharmacology.org)
The levels of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)‑1α/nuclear factor erythroid‑2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling, oxidative stress and pyroptosis‑related proteins were detected by western blotting. (spandidos-publications.com)
The pyroptosis‑related proteins NLRP3, caspase‑1 and interleukin (IL)‑1β were also significantly elevated by I/R induction. (spandidos-publications.com)
Inhibition of miR‑132 activated PGC‑1α/Nrf2 signalling and inhibited oxidative stress and the expression of the pyroptosis‑related proteins NLRP3, caspase‑1 and IL‑1β, which were all reversed by inhibiting SIRT1 with EX527. (spandidos-publications.com)
A proteins [41] exposed that caspases cut proteins mainly in disordered areas or coils, to a lower degree in -helices and hardly ever in -linens. (biopaqc.com)
Most Vertebrate Caspase Cleavage Sites are Located within Hydrophilic Surroundings Proteins in aqueous conditions, such as the cytosol, tend to have hydrophobic residues hidden within their structure and hydrophilic amino acids exposed to the surface [45]. (biopaqc.com)
A lot of the vertebrate caspase cleavage sites can be found within a hydrophilic environment, needlessly to say (Amount 3a), and so are most likely exposed at the top of proteins. (biopaqc.com)
The apoptosis induced by 35 was characterized by the regulation of markers, including an increase in Bax, cleaved- caspase 3, and cleaved-PARP proteins, and a decrease in Bcl-2 protein. (atpasesignal.com)
Caspases are essential in cells for apoptosis , one of the main types of programmed cell death in development and most other stages of adult life, and have been termed "executioner" proteins for their roles in the cell. (wikidoc.org)

To date the mechanism of regulation of caspase-1 activation is complex and poorly understood. (enzolifesciences.com)
These results suggest that differential expression of Apaf-1 and caspase-3 genes may underlie regulation of apoptotic susceptibility during brain development, as well as after acute injury to mature brain, through the intrinsic pathway of caspase activation. (jneurosci.org)
In summary, these results confirmed that Sirt1 is a potent protective factor for neurons subjected to oxidative stress, and the protective effect of Sirt1 is attributed to its regulation of PGC-1α. (frontiersin.org)
Our results suggest that the NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 axis participates in the regulation of pro-imflammatory cytokine secretion in RAW264.7 cells, particularly the generation of IL-1β and IL-18. (spandidos-publications.com)
Caspase mechanisms in the regulation of inflammation. (salvesenlab.org)

We have recently shown that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α induces caspase-dependent and -independent JNK activation and ROS accumulation in cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-Flip) −/− murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). (nature.com)
We demonstrated that UVB irradiation induces IL-1β upregulation and IL-1β-dependent inflammation via caspase-1 activation in these Nlrp1b KI mice. (frontiersin.org)
It has long been noted that caspase-2-deficient cells proliferate faster [2], and elegant studies have shown that caspase-2 induces cell cycle arrest following cytokinesis failure [5]. (nature.com)

Caspase-10 (EC 3.4.22.63, FLICE2, Mch4, CASP-10, ICE-like apoptotic protease 4, apoptotic protease Mch-4, FAS-associated death domain protein interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme 2) is an enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, TNF α and Fas induced the cleavage of mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase kinase (MEKK)1, resulting in generation of a constitutive active form of MEKK1 leading to JNK activation in c-FLIP knockdown cells. (nature.com)
Injury-induced cytochrome c -specific cleavage of caspase-9 followed by activation of caspase-3 in mature brain correlated with marked increases in Apaf-1 and caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression. (jneurosci.org)
Caspases are heterotetrameric, being made up of two pairs of subunits, generated by a single gene product, which is proteolysed to form the mature protein. (guidetopharmacology.org)
NLRP1 (NACHT and leucine-rich repeat-containing protein family, pyrin domain-containing protein 1) is an innate immune sensor that is involved in the formation of inflammasome complexes. (frontiersin.org)
Inflammasomes consist of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), Casp-1, and a sensor protein, such as an NLR family member ( 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
The NLRP3 inflammasome consists of the NLRP3 scaffold, the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) (ASC) adaptor and caspase-1 ( 5 , 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
This happens because substrates can be cleaved only when in an extended conformation [42], and the loop areas are better to unfold locally, compared to -helices and -linens which often require global unfolding of the protein [43]. (biopaqc.com)
Thereafter, hydrophilicity of cleavage sites facilitating caspase digestion of the protein would make the respective substrates more important for apoptosis. (biopaqc.com)
Extended subsite profiling of the pyroptosis effector protein gasdermin D reveals a region recognized by inflammatory caspase-11. (salvesenlab.org)
CASP3 , CASP6 , CASP7 ) in turn cleave other protein substrates within the cell resulting in the apoptotic process. (wikidoc.org)
Horvitz and his colleague Junying Yuan [2] found in 1993 that the protein encoded by the ced-3 gene was a cysteine protease with similar properties to the mammalian interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme (ICE) (now known as caspase 1) which at the time was the only known caspase. (wikidoc.org)

and second, the activation of the cysteine protease, caspase-1 ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Given that ROS accumulation and necrotic cell death enhance inflammation followed by compensatory proliferation of tumor cells, selective suppression of caspase-dependent ROS accumulation will be an alternative strategy to protect cells from ROS-dependent DNA damage and compensatory tumor progression. (nature.com)
The skin inflammation and hyperkeratosis from UVB irradiation in the Nlrp1b KI mice were inhibited by both intraperitoneal and subcutaneous administration of anti-IL-1β antibodies before UVB irradiation. (frontiersin.org)
To explore the role of α 1,3-fucosyltransferase in the mediation of rheumatoid arthritic inflammation, the protective effect of Sparstolonin B on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the mechanisms that regulate the NLRP3 inflammasome. (hindawi.com)
Caspases play important roles in apoptosis and inflammation. (immunochemistry.com)
Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death that associated with inflammation, which characterized by cell swelling, destruction of membrane structural integrity and cytoplasmic contents release, like interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (5). (researchsquare.com)
The IL-1 family has been recognized to play important roles in inflammation with pro-inflammatory properties, associated with acute and chronic inflammation, and plays a significant role in the innate immune defense ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
NPC1L1 −/− mice had significant lower intestinal inflammation scores and expressed inflammatory markers p-c-Jun, p-ERK and Caspase-1 p20 lower than wild-type. (biomedcentral.com)
During inflammation, caspase activity is responsible for the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and the execution of a form of lytic and inflammatory cell death called pyroptosis. (bvsalud.org)
Systemic inflammation evoked by LPS also produced greater increases in proinflammatory cytokines, pentraxin 3, and inducible nitric oxide synthase transcription in prion-diseased mice than in control mice and induced microglial expression of IL-1β. (jneurosci.org)
In addition, using immunohistochemical staining and quantification of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive and activated caspase-3-positive cell death after intraperitoneal LPS challenges, we addressed the hypothesis that this exaggerated inflammation exacerbates the neurodegenerative process. (jneurosci.org)

Furthermore, caspase-3 (apopain, CPP-32) is only weakly active on this substrate. (chinesepeptideco.com)

Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κ B) inhibits cell death through suppression of the caspase cascade, the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. (nature.com)
Here we demonstrate that, during brain maturation, the potential of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is progressively reduced and that such repression is associated with downregulation of apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) and caspase-3 gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
Eldadah and Faden, 2000 ), we hypothesized that suppression of apoptotic capability during maturation of mammalian brain results from repression of genes involved in the caspase-3 activation pathway, and that injury-induced neuronal apoptosis in the mature brain results from reactivation of these genes. (jneurosci.org)
UVB irradiation and the IL-1β pathway are important in the pathogenesis of NLRP1-associated autoinflammatory skin lesions. (frontiersin.org)
Though inducing more significantly pyroptosis by activating Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, OP-B relieved DDP resistance of A549 cells. (researchsquare.com)
The activation of classical and non-classical pathway is separately dependent on Caspase-1 or Caspase-4/5/11 (6, 7). (researchsquare.com)
Caspase-8 is an initiator enzyme in the Fas-mediated pathway of which the downstream executioner caspase-3 is a physiological target. (rcsb.org)
Lanifibranor All SCGB3A2-LPS-sensitive cells exhibit syndecan 1 (SDC1), a SCGB3A2 cell surface area receptor, and caspase-4 Lanifibranor (CASP4), a crucial element of the non-canonical inflammasome pathway. (ecplf2017.org)
We propose a model where caspase-2 regulates the cell cycle and protects DNA replication forks to prevent DNA damage accrual in a pathway distinct from its apoptotic role. (nature.com)
Caspase-2 is most well-known for initiating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway [1] and as a tumor suppressor [2]. (nature.com)
If caspase-2 regulates cell division through the same pathway, it would be expected to phenocopy the cell cycle results of caspase-2 null cells. (nature.com)
While other groups have demonstrated non-apoptotic roles for caspase-2 in DNA repair, cell cycle arrest [2], this is the first demonstration that these roles are regulated by a distinct pathway to apoptosis. (nature.com)
Thus, caspase-2 activation during replication stress engages a pathway distinct from that engaged by cytokinesis failure. (nature.com)

pNA (4-nitroaniline)-derived caspase substrates are widely used for the colorimetric detection of various caspase activities. (eurogentec.com)
Routinely tested for its ability to cleave the caspase-1 colorimetric substrate Ac-YVAD- p NA (Prod. (enzolifesciences.com)
A colorimetric caspase activity assay was performed with pcWNV-Cp-DJY- or pcDNA3.1-transfected cells for caspase-3 (c) or caspase-9 (d) activity. (cdc.gov)

Mca-YVADAP-Lys(Dnp)-OH TFA is a fluorogenic substrate for caspase-1 and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). (medchemexpress.com)
Ac-LEHD-AFC is a fluorogenic substrate for caspase-4, caspase-5, and caspase-9. (adooq.com)

Moreover, Sparstolonin B downregulated the expression of NLRP3, inhibited ASC formation in vivo and in vitro , and reduced the levels of IL-18 and IL-1 β . (hindawi.com)

CASP2 , CASP8 , CASP9 and CASP10 ) cleave inactive pro-forms of effector caspases, thereby activating them. (wikidoc.org)
Initiator caspases possess a longer prodomain than the effector caspases, whose prodomain is very small. (wikidoc.org)
This allows them to autoactivate, so that they can then proceed to activate the effector caspases. (wikidoc.org)

The findings of the present study indicated that inhibition of miR‑132 may ameliorate myocardial I/R injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and pyroptosis through activation of PGC‑1α/Nrf2 signalling by targeting SIRT1. (spandidos-publications.com)
The pyroptosis-related phenotype, including ASC, was identified by immunofluorescence, while levels of NLRP-3, pro-IL-1, and pro-caspase-1 were detected by western blotting. (hindawi.com)
Pyroptosis also releases the cell contents including IL-1 β , IL-18, and other inflammatory cytokines, causing the body to produce an inflammatory response. (hindawi.com)
Cell morphological feature, mitochondrial membrane potential, LDH release rate, production of IL-1β and expression of Caspase-1/GSDMD all showed that pyroptosis happened more significantly in A549/DDP cells than that in A549 cells after OP-B treatment. (researchsquare.com)
Activated Caspase-1/4/5/11 catalyze GSDMD to cleave into GSDMD-N and GSDMD-C fragments, and GSDMD-N can bind and form pores at cell membrane, so as to lead pyroptosis and release IL-1β and IL-18 to extracellular environment (8, 9). (researchsquare.com)

The Nucview Fluorogenic Substrates reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (taq-polymerase.net)
The FLICA reagent FAM-WEHD-FMK enters each cell and irreversibly binds to activated caspase-1. (immunochemistry.com)
The remaining green fluorescent signal is a direct measure of the active caspase-1 enzyme activity present in the cell at the time the reagent was added. (immunochemistry.com)
Engineering caspase 7 as an affinity reagent to capture proteolytic products. (salvesenlab.org)

initiator (apical) caspases and effector (executioner) caspases . (wikidoc.org)

Initiator caspases (e.g. (wikidoc.org)
The prodomain of the initiator caspases contain domains such as a CARD domain (e.g. caspases-2 and -9) or a death effector domain (DED) (caspases-8 and -10) that enables the caspases to interact with other molecules that regulate their activation. (wikidoc.org)
These molecules respond to stimuli which cause the clustering of the initiator caspases. (wikidoc.org)

Consistent with the results using c-Flip −/− MEFs, we found that TNF α stimulation induced caspase-dependent prolonged JNK activation and ROS accumulation, followed by apoptotic and necrotic cell death in various tumor cells. (nature.com)
The innate immune system is essential for host defense, tissue homeostasis, and tumor immnosurveillance ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
However, the cellular environment under 2D culture is very different and often a poor reflection of the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) in vivo [ 1 ]. (medsci.org)
Cancer gene therapy approaches include the direct killing of tumor cells by injecting a therapeutic gene into the tumor cell or employing vaccine strategies to deliver an immunomodulatory gene that stimulates the immune system to recognize tumor antigens [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These non-apoptotic mechanisms may underlie the role of caspase-2 as a tumor suppressor. (nature.com)
This suggests a non-apoptotic role for caspase-2 could drive its tumor suppression function. (nature.com)

reported that NLRP1A generates a functional caspase-1-containing inflammasome in vivo to drive IL-1β-dependent inflammatory disease ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that regulate the activity of caspase-1 and can be activated by various cellular dangers that trigger the processing and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines to engage innate immunity ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
This is because they are inflammatory caspases, which in concert with CASP1 , are involved in cytokine maturation. (wikidoc.org)

Activation of caspases-8 and -10 by FLIP(L)". The Biochemical Journal. (wikipedia.org)
Our study also shows that activation of Sirt1 with resveratrol exerts its antioxidant effect by regulating the expression of PGC-1α. (frontiersin.org)
The FAM FLICA Caspase-1 probe allows researchers to assess caspase-1 activation. (immunochemistry.com)
the second stimulus is DAMPs that induce the activation of caspase-1 ( 3 , 5 , 8 , 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Endothelial activation of caspase-9 promotes neurovascular injury in retinal vein occlusion. (salvesenlab.org)
Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. (biossusa.com)
Apoptotic signaling is initiated either through extrinsic or intrinsic stimulation, resulting in the activation of caspases [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These cells do not undergo apoptosis, and the primary outcome of caspase-2 activation is continued, cell division. (nature.com)
However, in the absence of caspase-2, we observed some impairment of ATR autophosphorylation, but we did not detect any differences in CHK1 activation. (nature.com)
Fipronil mediated activation of caspase-3/7 in concurrence with compromised ATP production and viability are attributed to apoptotic cell death. (cdc.gov)

Caspase-1 is a proteolytic enzyme that processes the inactive precursor of IL-1β into the mature form, and is termed IL-1β converting enzyme (ICE). (spandidos-publications.com)
Human Granzyme B is synthesized as a precursor (247 residues) with a signal peptide (residues 1-18), a pro peptide (residues 19-20), and a mature chain (residues 21-247) (4-6). (rndsystems.com)

Two generation myocardiocytes, ERCC5( XPG) and the extracellularspace of ERCC1 and ERCC4( XPF), have associated to the free favour subunit to appear the library planning that will migrate the caspase-dependent gamma from the small opening growth( Dunand-Sauthier et al. (evakoch.com)
They are first synthesized as inactive pro-caspases , that consist of a prodomain, a small subunit and a large subunit. (wikidoc.org)

Open up in another window Amount 2 Secondary framework from the individual caspase cleavage site environment. (biopaqc.com)
We further created the thought of caspase structural choices and hypothesized the substrate cleavage site should be more accessible for proteolysis if it is located not only in an unstructured region, but within the loop between two organized areas. (biopaqc.com)
Curiously, the prevalence value for the two thirds of the human being caspase targets is around 1, suggesting that there is mostly no difference between the percentage of coils in areas immediately surrounding the cleavage site AUY922 inhibition and in more distant sequences (Number 2b). (biopaqc.com)

Caspases are highly specific enzymes that select their substrates through diverse mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)

CASP4 and CASP5 , which are overexpressed in some cases of vitiligo and associated autoimmune diseases caused by NALP1 variants, [1] are not currently classified as initiator or effector in Mesh . (wikidoc.org)

Evaluation of the effects of phosphorylation of synthetic peptide substrates on their cleavage by caspase-3 and -7. (salvesenlab.org)

In our paper published in Oncogene [6], we show that caspase-2 plays an essential role in regulating normal cell division by protecting DNA replication forks from replication stress. (nature.com)

We recommend using 1 unit per assay for analyzing caspase activity. (enzolifesciences.com)
One of the most popular methods for detecting apoptosis is the caspase activity assay. (the-scientist.com)
based Promega Corp. 's latest offering in this field is the Apo-ONE™ Homogeneous Caspase-3/7 Assay, a kit that, as its name suggests, detects caspase-3 and -7 activity in cell culture. (the-scientist.com)
the amount of fluorescence is proportional to the amount of caspase activity present in the sample. (the-scientist.com)
We also performed in vitro experiments with Sparstolonin B and detected changes in 1,3-fucosyltransferase activity by ELISA. (hindawi.com)
Detect caspase-1 activity with the FAM FLICA Caspase-1 Assay Kit. (immunochemistry.com)
ICT's FLICA assay kits are used by researchers seeking to quantitate apoptosis via caspase activity in cultured cells and tissues. (immunochemistry.com)
DEVD-NucView488: a novel class of enzyme substrates for real-time detection of caspase-3 activity in live cells. (harvard.edu)
Similarly, p53 activity was minimally impacted by the absence of caspase-2. (nature.com)
Likewise, activity levels for a CYP1A1-specific substrate, luciferin CEE, demonstrated that CYP1A1 enzyme activities were maximally induced by 1 µM fipronil followed by dramatically declining activity measurements at 10 and 25 µM. (cdc.gov)
The possibility that cytotoxic effects were due to apoptosis was indicated by significant time- and dose-dependent induction of caspase-3/7 activity in both HepG2 cells and human hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)

However, the function of ICAD/DFF45 is to restrain the enzyme CAD (Caspase Activated DNase). (wikidoc.org)
The cleavage and inactivation of ICAD/DFF45 by a caspase allows CAD to enter the nucleus and fragment the DNA, causing the characteristic 'DNA ladder' seen in apoptotic cells. (wikidoc.org)

NLRP1 consists of a NACHT domain, a function-to-find domain (FIIND) ( 7 , 8 ), and two effector-recruitment domains: an N-terminal pyrin domain (PYD) and a C-terminal caspase-activating and recruitment domain (CARD) ( Figure 1A ) ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)

Extending these observations, colon biopsies from E. faecalis -colonized IL-10 −/− mice exhibited crypt hyperplasia and increased staining for macrophages, TNF-α, netrin-1, NF-κB, Tnfrsf1b, and the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen while also displaying a reduction in epithelial cell apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)

The WEHD sequence is thought to be a "better" caspase-1 target, as the kcat/kM rate is higher for WEHD vs YVAD (meaning faster conversion of substrate product by the enzyme). (immunochemistry.com)

We show that, using the ME7 model of prion disease, intracerebral challenge with LPS results in dramatic interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression, neutrophil infiltration, and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in the brain parenchyma of prion-diseased mice compared with the same challenge in normal mice. (jneurosci.org)

Nigericin recognized to induce caspase-1-reliant pyroptosis21 was utilized being a control (Fig. (ecplf2017.org)

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a member of the sirtuin family, regulates the cellular ageing process, participates in metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, and is related to cancer development ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
They orchestrate an immune response by cleaving specific cellular substrates. (bvsalud.org)

Caspase-1 exists in cells as an inactive 45kDa pro-enzyme. (enzolifesciences.com)
In THP-1 cells, a large proportion of the caspase-1 is present in the inactive pro-enzyme form. (enzolifesciences.com)
reported that DPP9 inhibition causes NLRP1-dependent ASC speck formation and the cleavage of IL-1β in human cells ( 17 ). (frontiersin.org)
Add diluted FLICA to each sample at 1:30 (e.g., add 10 μL to 290 μL of cultured cells). (immunochemistry.com)
The fluorescent caspase 3 reporter NucView488 stains the nuclei of cells undergoing apoptosis (in which caspase 3 is active), and the cell-impermeable DNA dye TO-PRO3 stains only the nuclei of dead or dying cells in which membrane integrity is compromised. (harvard.edu)
Day 1: Seed cells in 384-well assay plates at approximately 2000 cells/well (the exact density varies by cell line), with 2 plates per cell line (one each for a 24 hr and 48 hr time point). (harvard.edu)
GHRP-1 increases GH release and increases [Ca2+]i levels in static monolayer cells of rat pituitary gland, but does not affect cAMP levels. (medchemexpress.com)
The expression level in A549 cells was set as 1 arbitrarily.0. (ecplf2017.org)
During normal cell division, we show that caspase-2 is activated in G1 in dividing cells [6]. (nature.com)
This indicates a role distinct from caspase-2's reported role in inducing apoptosis to remove damaged or aneuploid cells [7][8]. (nature.com)
In contrast, while caspase-2-deficiency led to an increased proportion of S-phase cells and a progressive decrease in the proportion of G1-phase cells following treatment with arresting concentrations of the DNA damaging agent camptothecin and increased DNA damage following S-phase arrest, overexpression of Bcl-X L did not change the cell cycle profiles or the amount of DNA damage. (nature.com)
We show that caspase-2 protects cells from a range of S-phase-related defects, including delayed exit from S-phase, increased stalled replication forks, increased new replication origins, and decreased repair of S-phase-associated chromosomal aberrations [6]. (nature.com)
Caspase-2-deficient cells show a significantly higher percentage of S-phase-associated chromosomal aberrations. (nature.com)
Consistent with our evidence that caspase-2 regulates a replication checkpoint, the chromosomal aberrations detected in caspase-2-deficient cells are not repaired before metaphase. (nature.com)

Description: A fluorogenic, acetylated peptide substrate for HDACs. (taq-polymerase.net)
Both of these peptide sequences are known to target caspase 1,4, and 5. (immunochemistry.com)
His-D-beta-Nal-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2 TFA, is a growth hormone releasing peptide, as well as a metabolite of GHRP-1. (medchemexpress.com)

Figure 1 Homology in domain structures and amino acid sequences between human and mouse NLRP1 and the present knock-in mutation. (frontiersin.org)
One stack of words corresponds to 1 amino acid. (biopaqc.com)
mo mi value /mi mo = /mo mfrac AUY922 inhibition mrow mn 2 /mn mi c /mi /mrow mrow mi l /mi mo + /mo mi r /mi /mrow /mfrac /mrow /mrow /math (1) where c is the percentage of coils in the central 20 amino acids, l in the remaining, and r in the right 20 amino acids. (biopaqc.com)
Exposure of human hepatocytes to doses of fipronil (5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl) sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile) ranging from 0.1 to 25 µM resulted in a dose dependent increase in CYP1A1 mRNA expression (3.5 to approximately 55-fold) as measured by the branched DNA assay. (cdc.gov)

Canonical inflammasomes activate caspase-1, whereas non-canonical inflammasomes activate caspase-4 and -5 in humans and caspase-11 in mice. (bvsalud.org)

This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction Strict requirement for Asp at position P1 and has a preferred cleavage sequence of Leu-Gln-Thr-Asp!Gly Caspase-10 is an initiator caspase, as are caspase-2 (EC 3.4.22.55), caspase-8 (EC 3.4.22.61) and caspase-9 (EC 3.4.22.62). (wikipedia.org)

Highly fluorescent substrate for the determination of caspase-1 (ICE) and caspase-1-like enzyme activities. (chinesepeptideco.com)

However, whether caspase-2 plays an active role in regulating the cell cycle has up until now been unclear. (nature.com)

Cleavage of this substrate at position P1 Asp causes continuous fluorescent assay monitored at emission wavelength of 393 nM. (chinesepeptideco.com)

This substrate fluoresces at excitation 350-380 nm, emission at 440-460 nm. (taq-polymerase.net)
This substrate exhibits longer excitation and emission wavelengths (excitation 485 nm, emission 528 nm) than our regular class 2a HDAC substrate, #50040, which fluoresces at excitation 350-380 nm, emission at 440-460 nm. (taq-polymerase.net)

TMPyP4 tosylate inhibits the interaction between G-quadruplexes and IGF-1. (medchemexpress.com)

Anatomy25

Organisms10

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs129

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes64

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Inhibitors6

Activates8

Proteases7

Cleaves2

Inhibitor11

Specificity2

Proteins9

Regulation5

Induces3

Protein12

Cysteine protease1

Inflammation10

Apopain1

Pathway13

Colorimetric3

Fluorogenic substrate2

NLRP31

Effector caspases3

Pyroptosis5

Reagent4

Executioner1

Initiator caspases3

Tumor6

Inflammatory3

Activation10

Precursor2

Subunit2

Cleavage site3

Enzymes1

Casp41

Synthetic peptide1

Oncogene1

Activity11

ICAD2

Recruitment1

Proliferating cell nu1

YVAD1

Interleukin1

Induce1

Cellular2

Cells14

Peptide3

Amino4

Activate1

22.551

Enzyme activities1

Active1

Fluorescent1

Excitation2

Inhibits1