Subsets of nk cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

CD70 on activated antigen presenting cells (APC) including dendritic cells and B cells binds to CD27 on T lymphocytes and provides costimulatory signals. (wikipedia.org)
CD27 signaling stimulates naïve CD4+ T lymphocytes to differentiate into Th1 cells by activation the transcription factor T-bet. (wikipedia.org)
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that play a pivotal role in the immune surveillance and elimination of transformed or virally infected cells. (frontiersin.org)
Natural killer cells are cytolytic lymphocytes belonging to the innate immune system and are involved in anti-viral and anti-tumor responses ( 1 ) and are recognized as major players in immune-mediated anti-tumor therapies ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Natural killer {NK} cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system. (pediatriconcall.com)
Classical NKD {CNKD} is defined as an absence of NK cells and their function among peripheral blood lymphocytes. (pediatriconcall.com)
Functional NKD {FNKD} is defined as the presence of NK cells within peripheral blood lymphocytes, having defective NK cell activity. (pediatriconcall.com)
To diagnose CKND, NK cells should be =1 percent of peripheral blood lymphocytes. (pediatriconcall.com)
Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells and sinusoidal endothelium) and infiltrating leukocytes (e.g., monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes). (mdpi.com)
An increase in IgG and IgA concentrations, an increased count of lymphocytes and T8 lymphocytes, an decreased count of NK cells and a lower value of T-helper/T-suppressor ratio were found. (twoday.net)
about 75% of the lymphocytes are T cells, 20% B cells, and 5% NK cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Because lymphocytes account for only 20 to 40% of the total white blood cell (WBC) count, lymphocytopenia may go unnoticed if the WBC count is checked without a differential. (msdmanuals.com)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results from 1 of 2 similar retroviruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) that destroy CD4+ lymphocytes and impair cell-mediated immunity, increasing risk of certain. (msdmanuals.com)
We discovered a memory-like NK subpopulation (NK2) exhibiting the largest distribution change between elderly and young individuals among lymphocytes. (cdc.gov)
A second-site mutation in the initiation codon of WAS (WASP) results in expansion of subsets of lymphocytes in an Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome patient. (lu.se)
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) (see the image below) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by localization of neoplastic T lymphocytes to the skin, with no evidence of extracutaneous disease at the time of diagnosis. (medscape.com)
HIV infection is characterized by a decrease and, eventually, a depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes (helper T cells). (cdc.gov)
Using immunophenotyping, HIV-positive blood samples and age-matched controls were tested for the proportion of lymphocytes that are T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells (suppressor/inducer T cells). (cdc.gov)
Immunologic memory cells typically include B-Lymphocytes T-Lymphocytes and sometimes adaptive NK cells. (bvsalud.org)

Since then, the dissection of the biology of NK cells has been growing exponentially with many seminal discoveries from the identification of MHC class I-specific inhibitory receptors to the discovery of receptor-ligand pairs involved in NK cell activation and to the manipulation of NK cells in cancer. (unige.it)
NK cells respond to tumor and virus-infected cells directly through several activation receptors, including natural cytotoxicity receptors, or indirectly through the activating Fc receptor CD16 for antibody-coated cells. (nih.gov)
Triggering of NK-cell effector functions through these receptors depends on physically associated transmembrane signaling adaptors, such as FcRγ (also known as FcεRIγ) and CD3ζ, both of which have been traditionally believed to be expressed by all mature NK cells. (nih.gov)
FcRγ-deficient NK cells displayed dramatically reduced expression of the natural cytotoxicity receptors NKp46 and NKp30 but still expressed substantial levels of CD16. (nih.gov)
Also, higher blood levels of antibodies against acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) - the most common type of MG-causing antibody - were linked to a higher proportion of CXCR5-positive cells. (myastheniagravisnews.com)
CD70 expression on T and B cells is stimulated through triggering of T and B cell receptors and can be upregulated by cytokines such as IL-1α, IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF and TNF-α, while IL-4 and IL-10 can decrease CD70 expression. (wikipedia.org)
NK cells contribute to early defenses against viruses through their inborn abilities that include sensing of PAMPs and inflammatory signals such as cytokines or chemokines, recognition, and killing of infected cells through activating surface receptors engagement. (frontiersin.org)
2014). Human NK cells: From surface receptors to the therapy of leukemias and solid tumors. (springer.com)
Their function is regulated by the activation of a number of activating and inhibitory receptors that bind to specific ligands expressed on the surface of target cells. (frontiersin.org)
In particular, NK cells mediate their cytolytic function through the engagement of activating receptors, such as NKG2D, DNAM-1, NKp30, NKp46, and NKp44 ( 3 , 4 ), or following pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulation ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
The human NK cell repertoire is functionally diversified through a tightly regulated differentiation process characterized by an early transition from CD56bright to CD56dim NK cells, followed by coordinated changes in expression of inhibitory receptors, including NKG2A and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). (confex.com)
This process is mediated by chemokines, which guide cell migration by binding to their specific receptors. (confex.com)
Interestingly, receptors which expression declines during NK cell differentiation (CCR5, CCR7, and CXCR3) are commonly associated with adaptive T cell responses to viruses, whereas receptors that are upregulated along the differentiation axis (CXCR1, CXCR2, CX3CR1, CMKLR1) are typical for neutrophils and macrophages as a part of the innate immune response. (confex.com)
It's called triple-negative breast cancer because the cancer cells in TNBC don't have receptors for the hormones estrogen (ER) or progesterone (PR). (cancer.org)
These receptors are present on phagocytic cells, mast cells, and lung epithelial and smooth muscle cells. (medscape.com)
Human dNK cell function is differentially regulated by extrinsic cellular engagement and intrinsic activating receptors in first and second trimester pregnancy. (nih.gov)
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) lack antigen receptors but are equipped with receptors for cytokines, hormones, and paracrine signals enabling them to sense their environment and respond quickly by producing factors that influence parenchymal cells and other resident immune cells. (elifesciences.org)
Expanded natural killer cells killed both allogeneic and autologous primary myeloma cells avidly via a perforin-mediated mechanism in which the activating receptor NKG2D, natural cytotoxicity receptors, and DNAX-accessory molecule-1 played a central role. (haematologica.org)
iNK cells expressed a favorable combination of multiple activation and few inhibitory receptors that corresponded to more potent cytolytic activity against HCC targets. (biospace.com)

However, we have identified a distinct subset of human NK cells that are deficient for FcRγ expression but express normal levels of CD3ζ. (nih.gov)
Thus, our study reveals FcRγ-deficient NK cells as a novel subset of human NK cells that have remarkably potent responses toward antibody-coated targets. (nih.gov)
Identification of NKp80, a novel triggering molecule expressed by human NK cells. (nih.gov)

Unexpectedly, however, FcRγ-deficient NK cells exhibited significantly more robust responsiveness upon stimulation through CD16, particularly for cytokine production, compared to FcRγ-expressing NK cells. (nih.gov)
Both culture conditions showed high NK purity with predominance of NK CD56 bright CD16 + subset post expansion. (springer.com)
However, cultures without the presence of MSCs showed higher NK proliferation, expression of activation markers (CD16 and NKG2D) and related cytotoxic activity. (springer.com)
Here we report, using the pathogenic model of antiretroviral therapy-treated, SIV-infected rhesus macaques that sequential interleukin-21 and interferon alpha therapy generate terminally differentiated blood natural killer cells (NKG2a/c low CD16 + ) with potent human leukocyte antigen-E-restricted activity in response to SIV envelope peptides. (nature.com)
The frequency and activity of terminally differentiated NKG2a/c low CD16 + natural killer cells correlates with a reduction of replication-competent SIV in lymph node during antiretroviral therapy and time to viral rebound following analytical treatment interruption. (nature.com)
define NK cell differentiation states based on their education via NKG2a and expression of CD16 (FcγRIII), an activating Fc receptor that mediates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) 8 , and demonstrate that nonpathogenic SIVagm infection in African green monkeys (AGMs) imprints the maturation of NK cells inducing terminally differentiated NKG2a low CD16 + NK cells, which express high levels of interleukin (IL)−21R. (nature.com)
For example, ex vivo IL-21 treatment expanded CD16 + NK cells 9 , antagonized the IL-15-dependent expansion of resting NK cells 10 , and reverses hypo-responsiveness via the STAT1 and PI3K-AKT-FOXO1 pathways 11 . (nature.com)
Given previous findings on a role of IL-21 and IFNα in regulating NK cell function, and that NKG2a low CD16 + NK cells are generated while expressing high levels of IL-21R in nonpathogenic SIV infection, we sought to determine whether immunotherapy with IL-21 and IFNα rescues AGM-like profiles of NK cell maturation and activity in SIV-infected rhesus macaques (RMs). (nature.com)
While the percentages of CD56 (dim) cells and their CD16 expression were lower in the chronic group, this was not statistically significant. (who.int)
Studies sug- terized by flow cytometry using anti between the immune response and the gest that HCV inhibits receptor genes in CD3, CD56 and CD16 monoclonal virus replication rate [5] and play a cru- the activation of NK cells [20], and the antibodies. (who.int)
We also found that viable NK reg cells may be isolated by sorting on CD56 + and CD16 - NK cells, and this population can suppress allogeneic CD4 + T cells, but not T reg cells or CD8+ T cells through a non-cytolytic, cell-cell contact dependent mechanism. (haematologica.org)
Moreover, this is the first paper to clearly establish that a CD56 bright CD3 - CD16 - perforin- NK reg population associates with a lack of cGvHD and has several unique characteristics, including the suppression of helper T-cell function in vitro. (haematologica.org)

The identification of these important NK subsets "might be of significance to research exploring potential intervening targets for humoral [immune] response in both vaccination and autoimmune diseases," the researchers wrote in " Circulating CXCR5+natural killer cells are expanded inpatients with myasthenia gravis ," which was published in Clinical and Translational Immunology . (myastheniagravisnews.com)

These cells, which house the CXCR5 protein on their surface, was linked to high levels of disease-driving antibodies and greater activation of antibody-producing B-cells, whereas their CXCR5-negative counterparts appeared to be able to combat autoimmunity. (myastheniagravisnews.com)
Researchers previously found that healthy NK cells could ease disease symptoms when transplanted into a rat model of MG. The transplant also led to reductions in B-cells and T-folicular helper cells (Tfh), a type of immune cell that help B-cells with antibody production. (myastheniagravisnews.com)
Vorsetuzumab mafodotin is a CD70-targeted antibody-drug conjugate that started clinical trials for renal cell carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
Elotuzumab (Elo) is an IgG 1 monoclonal antibody targeting SLAMF7 (CS1, CRACC, and CD319), which is highly expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and subsets of other leukocytes. (aacrjournals.org)
CD4 + T cells stimulate B cells to induce significant level of antimalarial antibody response and also help in the induction of CD8 + T-cell responses which help in arresting the growth of liver-stage parasites in the host. (omicsonline.org)
This Cell Signaling Technology antibody is conjugated to FITC and tested in-house for direct flow cytometric analysis in mouse cells. (cellsignal.com)
Altmann DM, Reynolds CJ, Boyton RJ, 2021, SARS-CoV-2 variants: Subversion of antibody response and predicted impact on T cell recognition. (imperial.ac.uk)
Gene expression signatures within memory B cells suggest qualitative differences in the antibody responses in aged patients with severe disease. (medrxiv.org)
The FLEX-NK TM tetravalent, multifunctional antibody CYT-303 directed against NKp46 and GPC3 demonstrated in vitro and in vivo activity against HCC tumor targets. (biospace.com)
The FLEX-NK TM multifunctional engager antibody CYT-338 directed against NKp46 and CD38 demonstrated in vitro activity against multiple myeloma tumor targets. (biospace.com)
Cytovia focuses on harnessing the innate immune system by developing complementary and disruptive NK-cell and NK-engager antibody platforms. (biospace.com)

The researchers examined circulating NK cell populations from the blood of 33 patients and compared them with those in 19 healthy people to learn more about how various NK cell subtypes might contribute to autoimmunity. (myastheniagravisnews.com)
I am currently conducting surgeries to gain insight into chronic rejection after liver transplants in rat liver transplant models, as well as high-dimensional mass cytometry (CyTOF) analysis using the samples of vascularized composite tissue transplant to discern cell populations and subsets involved in the rejection. (stanford.edu)
of various populations of NKR+ T cells whole blood were withdrawn from Natural killer (NK) cells are potent have been reported to be impaired in each participant on ethylenediamine- antiviral cells which eliminate the vi- chronic hepatitis C patients [16,21]. (who.int)
Fibrotic livers are characterized by an inflammatory microenvironment that is composed of various immunologically active cells, including liver-resident populations (e.g. (mdpi.com)
We have recently shown that distinctive expression of these isoforms distinguishes natural killer (NK) populations. (crcm-marseille.fr)
The objective of this investigation is to determine whether treatment with the H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine alters immune suppression, through modulation of immune cell populations. (drugpatentwatch.com)
In large patient populations, we have shown a CD56 bright natural killer (NK) population to strongly associate with a lack of cGvHD and we hypothesize that these cells function to suppress cGvHD. (haematologica.org)
Various immune-suppressive cell populations appear to associate with suppression of cGvHD, including T reg cells, B reg cells, M2 macrophages, dendritic cells, and CD56 bright natural killer (NK) cells. (haematologica.org)

Here we found that the regulation of natural killer (NK) cell function by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was required for host survival after infection with mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV). (nature.com)
Mechanistically, endogenous glucocorticoids produced shortly after infection induced selective and tissue-specific expression of the checkpoint receptor PD-1 on NK cells. (nature.com)
During anti-HCMV responses, NK cells can reshape their receptor repertoire and function, through epigenetic remodeling, and acquire adaptive traits such as longevity and clonal expansion abilities. (frontiersin.org)
Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G member 1 (KLRG1) is a 30 kD, type II membrane glycoprotein with one C-type lectin domain and one immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibititory motif (ITIM). (biolegend.com)
In order to delineate the homing patterns of distinct NK cell subsets, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry combined with functional assays to map the NK cell chemokine receptor expression and migratory behavior. (confex.com)
Interestingly, CCR1 and CXCR6 were expressed mainly on less differentiated NKG2A+ CD56dim NK cells (B). Next, we stratified the chemokine receptor expression on mature KIR+ NK cells based on the expression of self (educated) or non-self KIR (uneducated). (confex.com)
To determine whether the observed differences in chemokine receptor expression translate into altered chemokine responsiveness between the subsets, we combined the transwell system with multicolor flow cytometry. (confex.com)
We found that the chemokine-induced migration capability of NK cells correlated closely with the expression level of corresponding chemokine receptor, leading to subset specific responses to various chemokine gradients (D). (confex.com)
The present results show that peripheral blood NK cell chemokine receptor profile changes in a coordinated fashion during NK cell differentiation and is further influenced by the expression of self-specific KIR. (confex.com)
Evidence suggests that C1q binds a receptor present on phagocytic cells, termed C1qRP. (medscape.com)
KLRF1, an activating homodimeric C-type lectin-like receptor (CTLR), is expressed on nearly all natural killer (NK) cells and stimulates their cytoxicity and cytokine release (Kuttruff et al. (nih.gov)
However, and in opposition to their association to NK cell progenitors, they do not proliferate and show low expression of the transferrin receptor protein 1/CD71, suggesting low metabolic activity. (crcm-marseille.fr)
T-cell numbers were derived from three measurements deter- attributable to the decrease in the number of T cells that bear mined with two different instruments, a hematology analyzer the CD4 receptor ( 5-9 ). (cdc.gov)

furthermore, in vivo IFNα-induced NK cell cytotoxicity correlates with reductions in HIV-DNA during antiretroviral therapy (ART) 16 . (nature.com)
In SIVagm infection, systemic IL-15 was associated with NK cell proliferation in lymph node (LN), while systemic IFNα correlated with NK cell cytotoxicity in LN 17 . (nature.com)
Natural Killer (NK) cells play an essential role in cancer surveillance and have a unique capability of spontaneous cytotoxicity against cancer cells. (confex.com)
Cutting edge: NKp80 uses an atypical hemi-ITAM to trigger NK cytotoxicity. (nih.gov)
Single cell RNA sequencing revealed augmented signatures of activation, exhaustion, cytotoxicity, and type-I interferon signaling in memory T cells and NK cells. (medrxiv.org)

In an inflammatory cell culture environment, mouse B-cells produced fewer antibodies in the presence of NK cells. (myastheniagravisnews.com)

By using multiparametric flow cytometry , we confirmed the expansion of NK cells expressing CD9 immediately after autoHSCT, which exhibited higher granzyme B and perforin expression levels than CD9- NK cells . (bvsalud.org)
The present study had aimed to evaluate the effect of a feeder layer of irradiated MSCs in the in vitro expansion of NK cells. (springer.com)

In addition to its role in T-cell activation and proliferation, CD70 also plays a role in the regulation of B-cell activation and differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
2016). Natural killer cell-based adoptive immunotherapy eradicates and drives differentiation of chemoresistant bladder cancer stem-like cells. (springer.com)
These data demonstrate that African green monkey-like natural killer cell differentiation profiles can be rescued in rhesus macaques to promote viral clearance in tissues. (nature.com)
The acquisition of self HLA class I binding KIRs during NK cell differentiation tunes the cytotoxic potential of NK cells in a process termed education, characterized by increased loading of granzyme B in dense core granules. (confex.com)
Although NK cell differentiation and education are critical determinants of the functional potential of the cell, little is known about how these events shape the migratory behavior of NK cells. (confex.com)
Leucocyte typing V : white cell differentiation antigens : proceedings of the fifth international workshop and conference held in Boston, USA, 3-7 November, 1993. (bdbiosciences.com)
VSV infection triggered rapid differentiation of blood monocytes into immature dendritic cells as well as their apoptosis, which depended on caspase 3/7 activation. (karger.com)
Monocyte differentiation required infectious VSV, but loss of CD14+ cells was also associated with the presence of a cytokine/chemokine milieu produced in response to VSV infection. (karger.com)
CD14+ monocytes from IBD patients had significantly decreased cleaved H3T22, suggesting they were epigenetically primed for macrophage differentiation.We describe the first systems-level quantification of histone modifications across immune cells from IBD patients at a single-cell resolution revealing the increased epigenetic heterogeneity that is not possible with traditional ChIP-seq profiling. (stanford.edu)

Phenotypic analysis of lymphocyte subsets and apoptosis were evaluated with flow cytometry. (karger.com)

Patients with exacerbated MG had a reduced number of total NK cells in their bloodstream relative to those in remission and healthy people. (myastheniagravisnews.com)
There was a significant reduction in the frequency of total NK cells in the chronic group compared to the control ( P = 0.001) or resolved ( P = 0.01) groups. (who.int)

While these antibodies are mostly produced by B-cells, different immune cell types may play a role in promoting or sustaining autoimmunity. (myastheniagravisnews.com)
Antibodies against human neutrophil LECAM-1 (LAM-1/Leu-8/DREG-56 antigen) and endothelial cell ELAM-1 inhibit a common CD18-independent adhesion pathway in vitro. (bdbiosciences.com)
T cells provide protection to infection by cytokine-mediated mechanisms or through production of antibodies. (omicsonline.org)
Experiments with B cell deficient mice have demonstrated that B cells and antibodies are essential for complete clearance of parasites from blood of the host [2]. (omicsonline.org)
Cytovia is the first company to combine its own iPSC-derived natural killer (iNK) cells and multispecific, NK cell-engaging antibodies and is building a pipeline that encompasses both hematological malignancies and solid tumors. (biospace.com)
[ 9 ] ACCP antibodies are a subset of ACPA and are not completely cross-reactive with other citrullinated proteins. (medscape.com)

NK expansion and activation were stimulated by culture with artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) and IL-2, in the presence or absence of BM-MSCs. (springer.com)
[ 3 ] Thus, it enhances and prolongs antigen signaling on B cells. (medscape.com)
Danny Altmann heads a lab at the Hammersmith Hospital Campus of Imperial, with expertise in the HLA system, antigen discovery, T cell subsets and NK cells. (imperial.ac.uk)
For the large number of hepatocellular cancer patients who currently have such limited, poor clinical options, a novel tumor antigen-directed NK engager is needed. (biospace.com)
Antigen-specific immunologic cells which have a potential to form IMMUNOLOGIC MEMORY providing a rapid and robust response against a second encounter with the same antigen. (bvsalud.org)

CD70 acts as a costimulatory molecule and plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system activation, specifically by improving T-cell and B-cell activation, proliferation and survival, leading to a more efficient immune response. (wikipedia.org)
This overexpression of CD70 in cancer cells has been shown to promote cell proliferation and survival, and to inhibit apoptosis, leading to the development and progression of the cancer. (wikipedia.org)
NK cell proliferation, phenotypic expression and cytotoxic activity were evaluated. (springer.com)
KLRG1 inhibits cell activation and proliferation, and is a marker of T cell senescence. (biolegend.com)
Inhibits cell activation and proliferation, marker of T cell senescence. (biolegend.com)
In: Chemically induced cell proliferation: Implications for risk assessment. (cdc.gov)

Given the important role of both cytokine-mediated inflammatory microenvironment and cytolytic NK cell activities in immune-oncology therapies, our findings present a compelling argument for further clinical investigation. (frontiersin.org)
For example, in multiple myeloma, CXCR3 and CCR5 ligands (MIG, IP-10, and MIP-1a) are significantly upregulated in the bone marrow compared to healthy controls, affecting the composition of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. (confex.com)
An ACS-funded researcher learns how cells that typically kill infected and diseased cells switch sides in the tumor microenvironment to help TNBC grow. (cancer.org)
The tumor microenvironment consists of a variety of cells, a meshwork of fibers, and blood vessels that surround a tumor. (cancer.org)
Compared to the microenvironment of other subtypes of breast cancer, the microenvironment around a triple-negative tumor has a large number of immune cells. (cancer.org)
The presence of immune cells in the microenvironment suggests that immunotherapy may be effective against TNBC. (cancer.org)

While CXCR5-negative NK cells could protect against autoimmunity, the team found evidence that CXCR5-positive NK subsets might promote certain immune responses. (myastheniagravisnews.com)
Their fundamental role in anti-viral responses has been unveiled in patients with NK cell deficiencies suffering from severe Herpesvirus infections. (frontiersin.org)
The major mechanisms of recognition and effector responses employed by NK cells against Herpesviruses, related to their genomic organization will be addressed, including those allowing NK cells to generate memory-like responses. (frontiersin.org)
Unlike HIV infection, which progresses to AIDS absent suppressive anti-retroviral therapy, nonpathogenic infections in natural hosts, such African green monkeys, are characterized by a lack of gut microbial translocation and robust secondary lymphoid natural killer cell responses resulting in an absence of chronic inflammation and limited SIV dissemination in lymph node B-cell follicles. (nature.com)
In contrast, knockdown of BRD4 but not of BRD2 impairs NK cell cytolytic responses, suggesting BRD4 as critical regulator of NK cell mediated tumor cell elimination. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, NK cells are poised to release cytokines such as IFN- γ , TNF-α and growth factors that can initiate inflammatory responses mediated by both the innate and the adaptive arm of the immune system. (frontiersin.org)
This subset of T cells play critical role in maintaining immune homeostasis and controlling excessive immune responses [ 5 ]. (omicsonline.org)
Natural Treg cells during primary exposure to malaria enhanced Th1 memory responses and increased disease severity during re-infection. (omicsonline.org)
Despite often comprising only a small proportion of tissue resident immune cells, ILCs are present in most tissues and have been shown to orchestrate inflammatory responses to viruses, intracellular bacteria and parasites. (elifesciences.org)
In order to study the possible role over Ficoll-Hypaque (density 1.077 production, and are the key players in that NK cells might play in the patho- g/L) (Amersham Biosciences) and immune responses to viruses [7]. (who.int)
Reconstitution of innate IFN-gamma was sufficient to restore cytokine responses that supported normal myeloid cell distribution and survival upon VACV infection. (uni-muenchen.de)
In conclusion, IFN-gamma derived from Ncr1(+) innate immune cells is sufficient to elicit fully effective immune responses upon VACV infection. (uni-muenchen.de)
It is produced during immune responses by innate as well as adaptive immune cells and can critically affect the course and outcome of infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer. (uni-muenchen.de)
VACV infected IFN-gamma(Ncr1-ON) mice mounted normal cytokine responses, restored neutrophil accumulation, and showed normal myeloid cell distribution in blood and spleen. (uni-muenchen.de)
In conclusion, upon VACV infection Ncr1 positive cells including NK cells mount two waves of early IFN-gamma responses that are sufficient to promote the induction of protective anti-viral immunity. (uni-muenchen.de)

NK cells were obtained from peripheral blood (PB) of healthy volunteers. (springer.com)
An important component is the study of immune modulation with IL-2 and peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) on the generation of natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK), immune recovery, and eradication of microscopic disease posttherapy. (cancer.gov)
Phenotypic transcriptional and functional examination of the peripheral mononuclear cells revealed age-, time, and disease severity-specific adaptations. (medrxiv.org)
1 Significant advances have been made by combining novel agents with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation which allows for long-term disease-free survival in the majority of transplant-eligible patients. (haematologica.org)
Mass-cytometry-based quantitation of global histone post-translational modifications at single-cell resolution across peripheral immune cells in IBD. (stanford.edu)
We used epigenetic profiling by time-of-flight (EpiTOF) to investigate changes in histone modifications within peripheral blood mononuclear cells from IBD patients.We discovered substantial heterogeneity in histone modifications across multiple immune cell types in IBD patients. (stanford.edu)
An epigenetically defined subset of NK was associated with higher levels of CRP in peripheral blood. (stanford.edu)
Additionally, in these mice normal MHC-II expression was detected on peripheral macrophages, whereas IFN-gamma(OFF) mice did not show MHC-II expression on such cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
The investigators will examine peripheral blood monocyte, neutrophil and NK cell numbers, subsets and activation status from healthy volunteers treated for 6 weeks with daily oral ranitidine. (drugpatentwatch.com)

Bone-marrow therapy may have a future role for patients with AIDS and/or other T-helper cell deficiencies. (twoday.net)

After an autoHSCT, natural killer (NK) cells are the first lymphocyte subset returning to normal levels. (bvsalud.org)
Her repeat lymphocyte subset after 3 months was normal. (pediatriconcall.com)

Natural killer (NK) cells were discovered ca 1975, as the first group of lymphoid cells that were neither T cells nor B cells. (unige.it)
A subset of immune cells called natural killer (NK) cells are elevated in the blood of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients with active disease symptoms, where they may promote an autoimmune response, according to a recent study. (myastheniagravisnews.com)
My current research focus is biomarker discovery of graft rejection in solid organ transplant patients and studying natural killer cells in viral infection using omics methods including Mass Cytometry and Next Generation Sequencing. (stanford.edu)
Functions of natural killer cells. (springer.com)
Natural killer cells: Detectors of stress. (springer.com)
Natural killer cell biology: An update and future directions. (springer.com)
Isolation, expansion, and characterization of natural killer cells and their precursors as a tool to study cancer immunosurveillance. (springer.com)
Understanding of molecular mechanisms in natural killer cell therapy. (springer.com)
Shaping of natural killer cell antitumor activity by ex vivo cultivation. (springer.com)
Natural killer cell adoptive immunotherapy: Coming of age. (springer.com)
This is in contrast to control macaques, where less differentiated, interferon gamma-producing natural killer cells predominate. (nature.com)
Natural killer (NK) cells are "licensed" with functional competence following education with self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules 1 . (nature.com)
Introduction: Myeloid/Natural killer (NK) cell precursor acute leukemia (MNKPL) is a rare hematologic malignancy prevalent in East Asia. (confex.com)
Recent studies suggest that the clonal expansion of EBV-infected T or natural killer cells plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic active EBV infection. (researchgate.net)
NKp80 Defines a Critical Step during Human Natural Killer Cell Development. (nih.gov)
NKp80 is a marker of natural killer (NK) cell maturity in secondary lymphoid tissues and supports NK cell development through a stage 4a intermediate with ILC3-associated features. (nih.gov)
In vitro , overexpression of the mdr-1 gene product, P-glycoprotein (Pgp), in tumor cells can confer high-level resistance to natural product-derived cytotoxics-anthracyclines, vinca alkaloids, epipodophyllotoxins, and taxanes. (cancer.gov)
We tested whether natural killer cells expanded by co-culture with K562 cells transfected with 41BBL and membrane-bound interleukin-15 could kill myeloma cells with a high-risk gene expression profile in vitro and in a unique model which recapitulates human myeloma. (haematologica.org)
These mice are devoid of endogenous natural killer and T-cell activity and were used to determine whether adoptively transferred expanded natural killer cells could inhibit myeloma growth and myeloma-associated bone destruction. (haematologica.org)
Results Natural killer cells from healthy donors and myeloma patients expanded a median of 804- and 351-fold, respectively, without significant T-cell expansion. (haematologica.org)
Adoptive transfer of expanded natural killer cells inhibited the growth of established OPM2 and high-risk primary myeloma tumors grown in the murine model. (haematologica.org)
The transferred, expanded natural killer cells proliferated in vivo in an interleukin-2 dose-dependent fashion, persisted up to 4 weeks, were readily detectable in the human bone, inhibited myeloma growth and protected bone from myeloma-induced osteolysis. (haematologica.org)
Conclusions These studies provide the rationale for testing expanded natural killer cells in humans. (haematologica.org)
ABSTRACT Natural kil er (NK) cel s are key players in the immune response to viruses. (who.int)
CD45 Isoform Profile Identifies Natural Killer (NK) Subsets with Differential Activity. (crcm-marseille.fr)
check the tag ADOLESCENCE HN - 2008 BX - Nutrition in Adolescence FX - Adolescent Nutrition Physiology MH - Peritoneal Stomata UI - D054048 MN - A01.047.025.600.700 MN - A10.810 MS - Natural openings in the subdiaphragmatic lymphatic plexus in the PERITONEUM, delimited by adjacent mesothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)

Naive T helper cells differentiate into two subsets, Th1 and Th2, each with distinct functions and cytokine profiles. (nih.gov)
They had a higher proportion of less differentiated CD34 + hematopoietic progenitors, and a subset of CD56 bright NK cells and γδ T cells characterized by distinct histone modifications associated with the gene transcription. (stanford.edu)
Distinct lymphoid, myeloid, and stromal cell types in the TME exert opposing influences on PDAC tumor trajectory, suggesting a more complex organization than the classical "hot" versus "cold" tumor distinction. (stanford.edu)

decidual-like NK cell subset following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (bvsalud.org)
In vivo expansion of a CD9 + decidual-like NK cell subset following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (bvsalud.org)
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHSCT) is a treatment option for hematological disorders and pediatric solid tumors . (bvsalud.org)
MSCs were obtained from the bone marrow (BM) cells remaining in the bag and filter used in the transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells. (springer.com)
However, healthy donors possess CD45RAdimRO- (CD45RAdim cells), which show immature markers and are largely expanded in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. (crcm-marseille.fr)
Chronic graft- versus -host disease (cGvHD) is a major cause of morbidity after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). (haematologica.org)
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an important therapeutic option for patients with non-malignant diseases as well as high-risk and refractory hematopoietic malignancies. (haematologica.org)

Host resistance to endotoxic shock requires the neuroendocrine regulation of group 1 innate lymphoid cells. (nature.com)
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) adapt to tissue physiology and contribute to immunity, inflammatory pathology and metabolism. (elifesciences.org)
This important study describes the protective role of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in tissue physiology and contributes to immunity, inflammatory pathology, and metabolism in maintaining homeostasis during pregnancy. (elifesciences.org)
Most T-lymphocyte immunodeficiencies are due to intrinsic abnormalities in the lymphoid/stem cells (Blumberg and Schooley, 1985). (twoday.net)

Fig. 4: Specific combinations of cytokines and corticosterone act together to induce PD-1 expression on NK cells. (nature.com)
Depending upon the cytokines secreted by the Helper T cells, they are classified into two subpopulations: Th1 and Th2 cells. (omicsonline.org)
T cell repopulation can be influenced by cytokines, including IL-2 and IL-6. (cancer.gov)
Examination of T cells showed profound lymphopenia, that worsened over time and correlated with lower levels of plasma cytokines important for T cell survival in aged patients with severe disease. (medrxiv.org)

It is primarily expressed on highly activated T cells and B cells, as well as on NK cells and mature dendritic cells. (wikipedia.org)
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the professional producers of IFN-I in response to many viruses, including all of the herpesviruses tested. (mdpi.com)
CR2 binds C3dg, and C3d is present on B cells and dendritic cells (see the Table 1). (medscape.com)
Absence of ILC2s leads to utero-placental abnormalities, including poor vascular remodelling, increased Il1b and decreased Il4, Il5 , and Il13 gene expression, and reduced alternative activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. (elifesciences.org)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder with debilitating symptoms related to anemia, immunosuppression, bone destruction, and renal failure. (haematologica.org)
These data support further development of CYT-338 as a therapeutic for targeting CD38 expressing multiple myeloma cells. (biospace.com)

Using a chemo-genetic approach, we identify BET bromodomain containing proteins BRD2 and BRD4 as central regulators of NK cell functions, including direct cytokine secretion, NK cell contact-dependent inflammatory cytokine secretion from monocytes as well as NK cell cytolytic functions. (frontiersin.org)
CD62L is expressed on neutrophils, monocytes, T- and B-lymphocyte subsets and NK cells. (bdbiosciences.com)

More recently, it's been found that NK cells can modulate the activity of other immune cells, including B-cells, which could contribute to autoimmunity. (myastheniagravisnews.com)
In physiological condition the expression of CD70 on immune cells is transient and tightly controlled. (wikipedia.org)
These nearby immune cells seem to help the tumor grow and become resistant to drugs. (cancer.org)
Uterine ILC2s are key immune cells during normal and complicated pregnancies. (elifesciences.org)
Both heterogeneity and tissue specialization of immune cells may hold the key to understanding the pathophysiology of some important pregnancy complications, such as miscarriage and fetal growth restriction (FGR), which is defined as the failure of the fetus to achieve its genetically determined growth potential. (elifesciences.org)
While earlier work characterized PDAC as an immunologically privileged tumor poorly recognized by the immune system, recent studies revealed the important and nuanced roles of immune cells in the pathogenesis of PDAC. (stanford.edu)
2 cGvHD is a multisystemic disorder that occurs due to foreign donor immune cells attacking the recipient's tissues. (haematologica.org)

The combination of the FLEX-NK TM and iNK platforms demonstrated greater in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity in HCC models than iNK cells alone, with a favorable in vitro cytokine release and immune cell subset safety profile. (biospace.com)
For example, co-expression of both isoforms identifies in vivo the anti tumor NK cells in hematological cancer patients. (crcm-marseille.fr)
As expected, ex vivo analysis of splenocytes derived from VACV infected IFN-gamma(Ncr1-ON) mice showed IFN-gamma expression in NK cells, but not T cells, whereas IFN-gamma(OFF) mice showed IFN-gamma expression neither in NK cells nor T cells. (uni-muenchen.de)

Moreover, CD45RAdim cells properly respond to in vitro encounter with target cells by degranulating or gaining CD69 expression. (crcm-marseille.fr)

Notably, these infections, often occurring as primary infections early in life, can be efficiently cleared by NK, T, and B cells in healthy hosts. (frontiersin.org)
Although hallmarks of a cytokine storm were evident in both groups, older individuals exhibited elevated levels of chemokines that mobilize inflammatory myeloid cells, notably in those who succumbed to disease. (medrxiv.org)
Notably, we discovered a unique NK subset that was predominantly CD52+ NK2 cells (NK2.1). (cdc.gov)

T-bet expression correlates with IFNgamma expression in Th1 and NK cells. (nih.gov)

Several of these critical changes, such as the reduction of surface HLA-DR on myeloid cells, were reversed in young but not aged patients over time. (medrxiv.org)
A major component of tumor associated immune suppression is mediated by myeloid cells, especially the monocytic subset of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC). (drugpatentwatch.com)

Following activation, NK cells mediate killing of target cells through two major pathways that require direct contact between NK cells and their target cells ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
To mediate appropriate and directed immune response against cancer, NK cells must be capable of migration to the tumor site. (confex.com)
The elimination or persistence (NKRs) and mediate functions of both cells and CD56+NT cells was charac- of the infection depends on a balance T cells and NK cells [13]. (who.int)

Here we show that low CD45 expression associates with less mature, CD56bright, NK cells. (crcm-marseille.fr)

This lifelong challenge has contributed to the development of numerous evasion mechanisms by Herpesviruses, many of which devoted to elude NK cell surveillance from viral reactivations rather than primary infections. (frontiersin.org)
They predominantly act against viral infections and in tumor cell surveillance. (pediatriconcall.com)
T-cells are particularly valuable in relationship to the control of viral and fungal infections. (twoday.net)
I began studying T-cell ratios (T-helper/T-suppressor) because of the increasing number of patients that I saw complaining of viral-like illness of unknown etiology, e.g., sore throats, low-grade fever, weakness, persistent fatigue, and swollen glands. (twoday.net)
Decreases in T-helper cells are found in viral illness and chronic disease. (twoday.net)

Scientists believe an immune signaling molecule called interferon (IFN)-gamma might be important in the protective response some NK cells have against autoimmunity. (myastheniagravisnews.com)
It has been previously demonstrated that NK cell functionality is responsive to immunotherapies with IL-21 and interferon alpha (IFNα). (nature.com)
These memory-like NK2.1 cells accumulated with age, exhibited proinflammatory characteristics, and displayed a type I interferon response state. (cdc.gov)
Integrative analyses of a large-cohort COVID-19 dataset and our datasets revealed that NK2.1 cells from elderly COVID-19 patients are enriched for type I interferon signalling, which is positively correlated with disease severity in COVID-19. (cdc.gov)

We show that both BRD2 and BRD4 control inflammatory cytokine production in NK cells isolated from healthy volunteers and from rheumatoid arthritis patients. (frontiersin.org)

Kumar V, Rakha A, Saroa R, Bagai U (2015) CD4+T Cells Expansion in P. berghei (NK-65) Infected and Immunized BALB/C Mice. (omicsonline.org)
Cytovia's GPC3-directed NK-engager in combination with iPSC-derived NK cells demonstrated impressive anti-tumor activity in mice that merits clinical development," added Dr. Michael Friedman , a member of Cytovia's Board of Directors. (biospace.com)
IFN-gamma(OFF) mice were intercrossed with Ncr1-Cre mice that express Cre selectively in Ncr1(+) innate cell subsests such as NK cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
To selectively analyze the function of innate immune cell-derived IFN-gamma, we generated conditional IFN-gamma(OFF) mice, in which endogenous IFN-gamma expression is disrupted by a loxP flanked gene trap cassette inserted into the first intron of the IFN-gamma gene. (uni-muenchen.de)
IFN-gamma(OFF) mice were intercrossed with Ncr1-Cre or CD4-Cre mice that express Cre mainly in NK cells (IFN-gamma(Ncr1-ON) mice) or T cells (IFN-gamma(CD4-ON) mice), respectively. (uni-muenchen.de)
Rosa26RFP reporter mice intercrossed with Ncr1-Cre mice showed selective RFP expression in more than 80% of the NK cells, while upon intercrossing with CD4-Cre mice abundant RFP expression was detected in T cells, but also to a minor extent in other immune cell subsets. (uni-muenchen.de)

NEW YORK - Researchers have identified new strategies for predicting response to immunotherapy, using approaches that integrate genomic and molecular signals, immune cell phenotypes, and other biological markers related to the body's anti-tumor immune response. (genomeweb.com)

In this research topic, we asked a group of thought leaders in NK cell biology to review recent advances in their origins and biology, and their roles in cancer, infection, and inflammation. (unige.it)
Fig. 3: Infection with MCMV induces glucocorticoid-dependent PD-1 expression in spleen NK cells. (nature.com)
Upon infection many viruses, including Herpesviruses, target T cell function via specific interactions with TCR and HLA-I molecules. (frontiersin.org)
CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) are also involved in the mechanism of immune regulation against Plasmodium infection. (omicsonline.org)
Our results confirm a potential role of NK cells and the different subsets in the pathogenesis of chronic HCV infection. (who.int)
et 20 témoins en bonne santé ne présentant pas d'infection par le virus de l'hépatite C. Une réduction importante de la fréquence des cellules tueuses naturelles totales dans le groupe des patients porteurs d'une infection chronique a été observée par rapport au groupe des témoins ( P = 0,001) ou au groupe des patients dont l'infection a connu une résolution spontanée ( P = 0,01). (who.int)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has impaired cellular immune response and circulating NK cells, NK subsets (in- the ability to establish chronic infection virus persistence [8]. (who.int)
Our new mouse model is suitable to further address the role of Ncr1(+) cell-derived IFN-gamma also in other models of infection, as well as of autoimmunity and cancer. (uni-muenchen.de)

In Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (AS), T helper cells of host have been reported to be necessary for inducing a protective immune response against the blood stages of parasite [1]. (omicsonline.org)
7. Exposure to long-term microwave radiation has been shown to change a particular form of white blood cell (lymphocyte) ratio - known as the T-helper/T-suppressor (T4/T8) cell ratio - from normal to abnormal. (twoday.net)
Almost 65% of blood T cells are CD4+ (helper) T cells. (msdmanuals.com)

These preclinical proof of concept studies with CYT-303 alone or in combination with iNK cells in HCC warrant clinical development. (biospace.com)
Neither disorders in immunoglobulin concentrations nor in the count of T8 and NK cells had any clinical implications. (twoday.net)
Also, the term "primary cutaneous CD4 + small/medium T-cell lymphoma" was changed to "primary cutaneous CD4 + small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder" because of its indolent clinical behavior and uncertain malignant potential. (medscape.com)

They also had a higher proportion of Tfh cells and a lower proportion of cells that regulate them, called T-follicular regulatory cells, than the other groups. (myastheniagravisnews.com)
We aimed to isolate and define the characteristics of regulatory NK (NK reg ) cells associated with suppression of cGvHD. (haematologica.org)

Together, these 25 articles provide a timely survey of NK cells as critical immunologic components of health and disease. (unige.it)
Building immunologic memory cells is a basis of how a vaccine affords immunity to a specific pathogen. (bvsalud.org)

These defects lead to abnormal neutrophil, macrophage, and T-cell and B-cell adhesion to vascular endothelium and subsequent migration into infectious sites. (medscape.com)

Results showed profound changes in the gene expression profile of NK cells immediately after autoHSCT. (bvsalud.org)
Significantly, we observed that following autoHSCT, NK cells acquired a decidual-like gene expression profile , including the expression of CD9. (bvsalud.org)
Remarkably, retroviral gene transduction of T-bet into polarized Th2 and Tc2 primary T cells redirects them into Th1 and Tc1 cells, respectively, as evidenced by the simultaneous induction of IFNgamma and repression of IL-4 and IL-5. (nih.gov)
According to the authors, two parameters - clonal TMB and the gene CXCL9 - were the strongest predictors across the dataset, beating out other putatively predictive factors including various established gene-expression-based scores of tumor immune response and immune cell infiltration. (genomeweb.com)

Immunological and translational aspects of NK cell-based antitumor immunotherapies. (springer.com)
Cytovia Therapeutics aims to accelerate patient access to transformational cell therapies and immunotherapies, addressing several of the most challenging unmet medical needs in cancer. (biospace.com)

Anatomy41

Organisms14

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs121

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Phenomena and Processes42

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Lymphocytes19

Receptors19

Human NK cells3

CD1612

Immunology1

Antibody11

Populations8

Receptor13

Cytotoxicity5

Presence of NK cells1

Expansion of NK cells2

Differentiation9

Flow cytometry1

Total NK cells2

Antibodies6

Antigen5

Proliferation6

Microenvironment6

Responses15

Peripheral9

Deficiencies1

Lymphocyte subset2

Natural26

Distinct3

Hematopoietic7

Lymphoid4

Cytokines4

Dendritic cells4

Multiple myeloma2

Monocytes2

Immune cells7

Vivo3

Vitro1

Notably3

Correlates1

Myeloid cells2

Mediate3

CD56bright1

Viral5

Interferon4

Healthy volunteers1

Mice6

Anti-tumor1

Infection8

Helper3

Clinical3

Regulatory2

Immunologic2

Neutrophil1

Gene4

Immunotherapies2