Subscapularis and lesser tuberosity. Medical search. Frequent questions

The critical anatomic relations of the proximal humerus are those of the articular segment to the shaft and the tuberosities. (medscape.com)
The subscapularis is a large triangular muscle which fills the subscapular fossa and inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus and the front of the capsule of the shoulder-joint. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] It inserts onto the lesser tubercle of the humerus and the anterior part of the shoulder-joint capsule. (wikipedia.org)
The subscapularis medially (internally) rotates the humerus (acting here as a prime mover) and adducts it. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] The subscapularis stabilises the shoulder joint by contributing to the fixation of the proximal humerus during movements of the elbow, wrist, and hand. (wikipedia.org)
External rotation of the humerus in overhead motion is important for gaining the full range of motion and avoiding impingement of the greater tuberosity of the humerus on the undersurface of the acromion. (yogauonline.com)
On the front is the subscapularis, which originates from the subscapular fossa of the scapula and inserts onto the lesser tuberosity of the humerus. (yogauonline.com)
The supraspinatus originates from the supraspinous fossa of the scapula and inserts onto the greater tuberosity of the humerus. (yogauonline.com)
The teres minor originates from the lateral border of the scapula and inserts onto the greater tuberosity of the humerus. (yogauonline.com)
All three parts of this muscle converge to insert onto the deltoid tuberosity on the side of the humerus. (yogauonline.com)
Origin = ventral scapula, Insertion = lesser tuberosity of humerus and humeral metaphysis. (eorif.com)
These two diverging elastic glenohumeral ligaments arise from the supraglenoid tubercle and end on the tuberosity of the dog's humerus. (anatomylearner.com)
From there it attaches to the lesser tuberosity, a knob-like structure on the humerus bone at the front of the shoulder. (yogauonline.com)
Figure 1: The subscapularis muscle, illustrating the origin on the inside of the scapula and the insertion on the lesser tuberosity of the humerus. (yogauonline.com)
Figure 3: This image illustrates contraction of the subscapularis muscle to internally rotate the humerus. (yogauonline.com)
Co-contracting opposing muscles-like the subscapularis and infraspinatus-stabilizes the head of the humerus in the socket while the deltoid contracts to abduct the humerus. (yogauonline.com)
Figure 4: Co-contracting the subscapularis and the infraspinatus stabilizes the humeral head in the socket while the deltoid muscle abducts the humerus. (yogauonline.com)
The subscapularis comes from the undersurface of the shoulder blade and attaches to a flat surface in the front of the humerus, called the lesser tuberosity. (shoulderelbow.org)
When the subscapularis tendon pinches between the coracoid and the lesser tuberosity of the humerus, it causes the tendons to degenerate and leads to pain in soft tissues. (agileortho.in)
The skin graft is usually placed arthroscopically by anchoring the graft to the glenoid (socket) and greater tuberosity at the top of the humerus (upper arm bone). (nathanfaulknermd.com)
The muscle-tendon commonly understood to tear when referencing a rotator cuff tear is the supraspinatus (see MRI image of supraspinatus tendon tear) which is on top and attaches to the greater tuberosity of the humerus (arm bone). (thecubreporter.com)

Since the long biceps tendon absents itself from the shoulder joint through the rotator cuff interval, it is easily possible to distinguish between the supraspinatus and the subscapularis tendon. (wikipedia.org)
The rotator cuff is made of the tendons of subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor muscle. (radiologyassistant.nl)
The infraspinatus and subscapularis have significant roles in scapular plane Shoulder Abduction (scaption), generating forces that are two to three times greater than the force produced by the supraspinatus muscle. (drrajeshgarg.com)
uncommon, most rotator cuff tears involve the supraspinatus, but isolated subscapularis tears and supraspinatus tears with associated subscapularis tears do occur and are purhaps more common than previously believed. (eorif.com)
The supraspinatus , i nfraspinatus and teres minor come from the back and side of the shoulder blade, attaching to a larger platform of bone, the greater tuberosity. (shoulderelbow.org)
The supraspinatus tendon is thought to be particularly susceptible because it has an undervascularized region near its insertion on the greater tuberosity. (msdmanuals.com)
In 80% of cases, it involves the supraspinatus tendon, in 15% of cases the infraspinatus tendon, and in 5% of cases the subscapularis tendon. (dr-meyer-orthopaedics.com)

It unveils clearly the whole area from the subedge of the subscapularis tendon until the intersection between the infraspinatus tendon and musculus teres minor. (wikipedia.org)
Anterior subscapularis is balanced against the posterior infraspinatus and teres minor = transverse plane force couple (Lo IK, AJSM 2003;31:308). (eorif.com)

In proximal humeral fractures which consist of a fracture of the greater tuberosity the trajectory of bent nails often passes through the fracture line between the greater tuberosity and the humeral head whereas straight nails penetrate the humeral head medial to the fracture line. (aofoundation.org)
Medial displacement of the lesser tuberosity (A) produces an intraarticular anterior step which can compromise internal rotation. (aofoundation.org)
Medial to this, in turn, is the lesser tuberosity of the humeral head. (drrajeshgarg.com)
Comma sign = Remnants of the superior glenohumeral and medial coracohumeral ligaments are seen retracted from the lesser tuberosity in patients with subscap tears when viewed arthroscopically which can be used to locate the torn subscapularis tendon (Lo IK, Arthroscopy 2003;19:334). (eorif.com)
The surface of this tubercle is faceted above and in front for the insertion of the subscapularis muscle, whilst laterally it forms the prominent medial lip of the inter-tubercular groove. (co.ma)
Distally the lips of the intertubercular groove gradually fade away, the medial more rapidly than the lateral, which latter may usually be traced distally to a rough elevation placed on the lateral anterior surface of the shaft about its middle, called the deltoid tuberosity. (co.ma)
Patients can have local point tenderness along the medial tuberosity of the os calcis, pain on the first steps or after training. (stayfitwithanand.com)

Gliding now medially shows the insertion of the subscapularis tendon. (wikipedia.org)

Tightness in the subscapularis can limit external rotation of the shoulder. (yogauonline.com)
The results of surgical repair for the subscapularis tendon tear are satisfactory, but the range of external rotation is reported to be restricted after the repair. (biomedcentral.com)
As the size of the subscapularis tendon tear increased, the passive ranges of horizontal abduction and external rotation of the glenohumeral joint after repair decreased significantly. (biomedcentral.com)
In shoulders with a subscapularis tendon tear, it is necessary to consider the reduction of external rotation depending on tear size. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, it is reported that the clinical outcome was improved even if the range of external rotation decreased after the subscapularis tendon repair. (biomedcentral.com)
Anterior approach or deltopectoral incision, the deltoid is generally intact but subscapularis requires suture repair therefore care must be taken regarding external rotation avoiding passive or active range past 0 degreesfor the first 4 weeks. (nth.nhs.uk)
In reattaching the capsule-ligament complex, the trick is to do it where it's not overly loose or tight, so in a pitcher this is the problem because they need more laxity than non-throwing athletes, just not too little, as they'd lose extension and external rotation and not too much or the instability persists. (thecubreporter.com)

The subscapularis is covered by a dense fascia which attaches to the scapula at the margins of the subscapularis' attachment (origin) on the scapula. (wikipedia.org)
The tendon of the subscapularis muscle attaches both to the lesser tuberosity aswell as to the greater tuberosity giving support to the long head of the biceps in the bicipital groove. (radiologyassistant.nl)

The Subscapularis muscle origin is divided from the remainder of the Rotator Cuff origins as it is deep to the Scapula. (drrajeshgarg.com)
As figure 1 illustrates, the subscapularis occupies the space, or fossa, at the front of the scapula. (yogauonline.com)
Look at other dictionaries: Scapula - Situation de la scapula chez l homme en vue dorsale La scapula (anciennement omoplate) est un os plat, pair, de forme triangulaire, situé à la partie postéro supérieure du thorax. (vetcan.org)

citation needed] The subscapularis is supplied by the upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5-C6), branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. (wikipedia.org)

The tuberositas deltoidea (deltoid tuberosity), to which the powerful deltoid muscle is attached, is a rough, slightly elevated V-shaped surface, placed on the lateral anterior surface of the body about its middle. (co.ma)
Confluent with the lateral epicondyle distally, it may be traced proximally to near the deltoid tuberosity, where it turns backwards more or less parallel to the posterior oblique border of that impression, to be lost on the posterior surface of the body. (co.ma)

Dislocation of the long head of the biceps will inevitably result in rupture of part of the subscapularis tendon. (radiologyassistant.nl)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the range of glenohumeral joint motion after repairs of various sizes of subscapularis tendon tears. (biomedcentral.com)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the range of glenohumeral joint motion after repairs of three sizes of subscapularis tendon tears with suture anchors using fresh frozen cadaveric shoulders. (biomedcentral.com)
The three diarthrodial joints are constructed with little bony stability and mainly rely on their ligaments and on adjacent muscle at the glenohumeral joint. (musculoskeletalkey.com)

Bent nails run through the greater tuberosity which has a lower bone density compared to the superior humeral head. (aofoundation.org)
Direct impact on the shoulder causes the tuberosity bone to break into multiple fragments. (davidrmillermd.com)
This was mistaken for a dislocated bone fragment of the greater tuberosity and repositioning was attempted. (cisejournal.org)
Note the loss of bone from the greater tuberosity. (beemed.com)
The top of the glenoid (shoulder socket) and the greater tuberosity (normal attachment site of the rotator cuff on the upper arm) are roughened with a burr to create bleeding bone. (nathanfaulknermd.com)
A cadaver (allograft) skin graft is introduced into the shoulder through one of the incisions and secured to the glenoid and greater tuberosity with small anchors (a few millimeters in size) that are inserted into the bone. (nathanfaulknermd.com)

Therefore, it is possible to perform a direct fixation of the lesser tuberosity through the nail. (aofoundation.org)
Reduction and fixation of the lesser tuberosity helps restore normal function. (aofoundation.org)
Sutures in the subscapularis tendon insertion aid both reduction and fixation of the lesser tuberosity. (aofoundation.org)
Once reduced, lesser tuberosity sutures are tied to a similar suture in the infraspinatus tendon for provisional fixation. (aofoundation.org)
Anatomical restitution, and especially the position of the tuberosities after fixation and during all reconstruction work, is essential. (beemed.com)
Lesser Tuberosity Osteotomy Does Not Appear to Compromise Fixation or Function Compared With Peel in Short-Stem Anatomic Shoulder Arthroplasty. (jefferson.edu)

Just below the head are two processes called the greater and lesser tubercles, which form the sites of attachment for the rotator cuff muscles. (davidrmillermd.com)
Let's begin by looking at the muscles that comprise the rotator cuff, starting with the subscapularis. (yogauonline.com)
List, and provide an example for each of, at least seven criteria used to name skeletal muscles. (bccampus.ca)

Specific surgical techniques of subscapularis tendon repair, including arthroscopic and open approaches, are tailored to tear size, pattern, retraction, tissue quality and concomitant pathologies. (mendeley.com)

The doctor will slightly pressure the affected area to gauge the softness of the tissues around the coracoid process and lesser tuberosity. (agileortho.in)

The bear hug test (internal rotation while palm is held on opposite shoulder and elbow is held in a position of maximal anterior translation) for subscapularis muscle tears has high sensitivity. (wikipedia.org)
Another fact typically for the subscapularis muscle is the fatty infiltration of the superior portions, while sparing the inferior portions. (wikipedia.org)
The subscapularis muscle plays an essential role in full, pain-free shoulder function. (mendeley.com)
A fragment of the greater tuberosity is pulled off when the cuff muscle contracts or the anterior shoulder dislocates. (davidrmillermd.com)
If left untreated, these fractures can cause subscapularis muscle (stabilizer and mobilizer muscle) deficiency and require a major muscle transfer procedure. (davidrmillermd.com)
Concentrically contracting the subscapularis muscle (shortening the muscle on contraction) internally rotates the shoulder. (yogauonline.com)
The subscapularis also acts, in conjunction with the infraspinatus muscle, as a stabilizer of the humeral head in the socket (glenoid). (yogauonline.com)
Figure 2 illustrates one of the yoga poses that stretch the subscapularis muscle, namely, Gomukhasana (Cow Face Pose). (yogauonline.com)
Figure 2: This illustrates the effect on the subscapularis muscle of the upper arm in Gomukhasana. (yogauonline.com)
Figure 3 illustrates engaging the subscapularis muscle in Ardha Baddha Padma Paschimottanasana (Half Bound Seated Forward Bend). (yogauonline.com)
This also replicates the "lift-off" test, which is used in orthopedics to test the function of the subscapularis muscle. (yogauonline.com)
Stay tuned for the next post when I'll go over the antagonist muscle for the subscapularis. (yogauonline.com)

The subcoracoid impingement test is like the subacromial impingement test, i.e., the Kennedy-Hawkins test where the shoulder is placed in a cross arm adduction, forward elevation, and internal rotation to get the lesser tuberosity in contact with the coracoids. (agileortho.in)

Lateral displacement of the lesser tuberosity (B) obstructs the bicipital groove and may compromise the biceps tendon. (aofoundation.org)

The Subscapularis Footprint: An Anatomic Description of Its Insertion Site. (wheelessonline.com)
Surgical pearls include adequate debridement of the rotator interval, identification of the comma tissue in retracted tears, use of a lateral viewing portal during arthroscopic repair, and gentle decortication of the lesser tuberosity footprint. (mendeley.com)

It is also designed for subcoracoid dislocations with an intact greater tuberosity. (dislocation.com.au)

As little as 5 mm of displacement not only creates impingement, but also insufficiency in the posterosuperior rotator cuff due to lack of tension relative to the Blix curve (Figure). (beemed.com)
Different situations or pathological position of the greater tuberosity cause impingement and loss of strength: A) Type II cephalotubercular valgus impacted fracture and B) displaced fracture of the greater tuberosity resulting in decreased mobility and loss of strength through relaxation of the cuff. (beemed.com)

Pectoralis major tendons inserted 54 to 56 mm distal to the superior aspect of the humeral head and 47 mm distal to superomedial tip of greater tuberosity. (beemed.com)

The pectorals major insertion has a reproducible relation to the bicipital groove, making it a good landmark for tuberosities positioning in case of fracture reconstruction. (beemed.com)
Anteriorly the greater tubercle is separated from the tuberculum minus (lesser tubercle) by a well-defined furrow, called the sulcus intertubercularis (intertubercular groove) (O.T. bicipital groove). (co.ma)

Additionally, lesser tuberosity bony changes have been associated with subscapularis tendon tears. (wikipedia.org)
Smaller, upper border tears of the subscapularis tendon may be treated with a single-row repair construct while tears greater than 2cm are typically treated with a double-row repair. (mendeley.com)
While unrecognized subscapularis tendon tears is associated with worse clinical outcomes in the setting of multi-tendon tears, further study is needed to identify additional strategies to improve rotator cuff tendon healing following surgical repair. (mendeley.com)
Subscapularis tears are generaly partial thickness. (eorif.com)
MRI = Subscapularis tears are best visualized on T2-weighted axial images. (eorif.com)
6mm) is associated with subscapularis tears. (eorif.com)
As for the surgical treatment of the rotator cuff tears, the subscapularis tendon tears have recently received much attention for the mini-open or arthroscopic repair. (biomedcentral.com)

Finally, we have the subscapularis as a stabilizer during a static position in a yoga pose. (yogauonline.com)

The complexity of these injuries is a function of fracture severity (and the associated risk of avascular necrosis), and the difficulty in attaining union of the greater and lesser tuberosities in anatomical position. (scielo.org.za)

The lateral offset of the greater tuberosity relative to the diaphyseal axis is another important anatomic variable, but sometimes difficult to restore due to the comminuted, and often porotic nature of fractured tuberosities, giving them an eggshell appearance. (beemed.com)
Role of the lateral offset: A) Superomedial malposition of the greater tuberosity after a subtubercular varus impacted fracture. (beemed.com)

So, if you are using traction with your "modified Kocher's" on patients with a subglenoid dislocation and a floating greater tuberosity fragment, and wondering why it's not working - Stop, you're doing it wrong! (dislocation.com.au)

Greater tuberosity fractures are less common and are seen in cases of shoulder dislocations and in those with osteoporosis. (davidrmillermd.com)

Positive bear-hug and belly press tests indicate significant tearing of subscapularis. (wikipedia.org)
In the subscapularis bear hug test , the patient is requested to place the flat palm of the hand on the opposite shoulder with the elbow up, and the doctor tries to lift the arm off the shoulder. (shoulderelbow.org)

articular edge of the groove opposite the lesser tubercle is usually notched for the attachment of the superior gleno-humeral ligament. (co.ma)

The edges of the groove, which are termed its lips, are confluent proximally with the greater and lesser tubercles, respectively. (co.ma)
Here they are prominent, and form the crista tuberculi majoris et minoris (crests of the greater and lesser tubercles). (co.ma)

Using eight fresh frozen human cadaveric shoulders (mean age at death, 81.5 years), three sizes of subscapularis tendon tear (small, medium, and large) were made and then repaired. (biomedcentral.com)

Reduce and fix the tuberosity to the humeral head (thereby converting the 3-part fracture into a 2-part situation). (aofoundation.org)

Ultimately, these sutures contribute significantly to primary stability of the lesser tuberosity. (aofoundation.org)
Consideration also needs to be mindful of the state of repair of the greater tuberosity and its stability which is usually 4-6 weeks. (nth.nhs.uk)

Anatomy17

Diseases22

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes6

Health Care4

Humerus21

Supraspinatus7

Teres minor2

Medial7

Insertion of the subscapularis1

External rotation7

Attaches2

Scapula3

Subscapular1

Deltoid2

Long head of the biceps1

Glenohumeral joint3

Bone6

Fixation6

Muscles3

Tendon repair1

Coracoid process1

Muscle12

Internal rotation1

Biceps tendon1

Footprint2

Subcoracoid1

Impingement2

Tendons1

Bicipital2

Tears7

Stabilizer1

Anatomical1

Lateral2

Fragment1

Dislocations1

Bear-hug2

Articular1

Greater and lesser tubercles2

Tear1

Fracture1

Stability2