It is controlled by G-proteins and has a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into a cell rather than out of a cell. (ayassbioscience.com)
These findings suggest that while channel proteins found in sperm cells from different species look similar and serve similar roles, they are activated in ways that can be very different. (elifesciences.org)
Intracellular1
Two years later, in 1999, voltage clamp measurements in xenopusoocytes found that intracellular acidification decreased the potassium current of Kir4.2. (wikipedia.org)
Characterization1
Iizuka M, Kubo Y, Tsunenari I, Pan CX, Akiba I, Kono T: Functional characterization and localization of a cardiac-type inwardly rectifying K+ channel. (drugbank.com)
KATP1
Ashford ML, Bond CT, Blair TA, Adelman JP: Cloning and functional expression of a rat heart KATP channel. (drugbank.com)
Conductance3
Because the channel has a very high open probability, the authors of this last article conclude that this increase is mediated by increased trafficking of the protein to the membrane and not increased single-channel conductance. (wikipedia.org)
Ion channel gating and conductance are classically understood as separate processes. (nature.com)
In the G178D structure, the HBC gate is slightly wider than in previous structures, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrate rapid wetting of the G178D pore at the HBC region, followed by further expansion and K + conductance through the channel. (nature.com)
Transmembrane2
Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels open at the 'helix bundle crossing' (HBC), formed by the M2 helices at the cytoplasmic end of the transmembrane pore. (nature.com)
Kir channels consist of only two transmembrane helices plus an extensive C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of the channel pore. (nature.com)
Processes1
Potassium channels are present in all types of cells and play critical roles in control of multiple physiological processes. (nature.com)
Functional1
Schoots O, Wilson JM, Ethier N, Bigras E, Hebert TE, Van Tol HH: Co-expression of human Kir3 subunits can yield channels with different functional properties. (drugbank.com)
Mice1
The survival of Rrbp1 -KO mice significantly decreased under high potassium intake due to lethal hyperkalemia-induced arrhythmia and persistent hypoaldosteronism, which could be rescued by fludrocortisone. (biomedcentral.com)
Open1
We reported the crystal structure of a chicken Kir2.2[G178D] mutant channel 12 , in which the introduced G178D mutations at the HBC functionally stabilize the open conformation, a strategy used previously to obtain an open crystal structure of a bacterial homolog KirBac3.1 13 . (nature.com)
Results1
Furthermore, it was found that coexpression with related potassium channel Kir5.1, changed these results somewhat, which the authors concluded was likely to be a result of heterodimerization. (wikipedia.org)
High1
Ten prevalent HD patients with blood flow rate (BFR) above 400 ml/min were randomized into two sequences of 8-week treatment periods of HD + SHF + HP and later high-volume postdilution olHDF or vice versa. (hiv-pharmacogenomics.org)
Present2
Potassium channels are present in most mammalian cells, where they participate in a wide range of physiologic responses. (wikipedia.org)
In the present study, we carry out detailed single-channel analyses of cKir2.2[G178D] and hKir2.1[G177E] channels that reveal striking sub-state gating behavior. (nature.com)
Cells4
In 2009, researchers identified a potassium ion channel, called CNGK, that starts the electrical signal in the sperm cells of sea urchins. (elifesciences.org)
This channel is activated by signalling molecules inside cells, called 'cyclic nucleotides', and its activity ultimately leads to calciumions flowing into the sperm cell's tail. (elifesciences.org)
including some of the researchers involved in the 2009 work - now report that the CNGK channel also exists in the sperm cells of a freshwater fish, the zebrafish. (elifesciences.org)
Unexpectedly, the CNGK channel is located in the heads of this fish's sperm cells rather than in the tails. (elifesciences.org)
Single-channel1
Single-channel recordings reveal striking, pH-dependent, subconductance behaviors in G178D (or G178E and equivalent Kir2.1[G177E]) mutant channels, with well-resolved non-cooperative subconductance levels. (nature.com)
Human4
Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 15, also known as KCNJ15 is a human gene, which encodes the Kir4.2 protein. (wikipedia.org)
In spite of some initial channel nomenclature confusion, in which the gene was referred to as Kir1.3 the channel was first cloned from human kidney by Shuck and coworkers in 1997. (wikipedia.org)
In 2007 the channel was found to interact with the Calcium-sensing receptor in human kidney, using a yeast-two-hybrid system. (wikipedia.org)
Spauschus A, Lentes KU, Wischmeyer E, Dissmann E, Karschin C, Karschin A: A G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying K+ channel (GIRK4) from human hippocampus associates with other GIRK channels. (drugbank.com)
Study1
RRBP1 is a brand-new regulator of blood pressure and potassium homeostasis discovered in this study. (biomedcentral.com)
Activation1
A picture is emerging of sperm channel orthologues that employ different activation mechanisms and serve different functions. (elifesciences.org)
Found1
It was previously thought that this CNGK channel is found only in animals without a backbone (i.e. in invertebrates). (elifesciences.org)
Family1
Here, we identify in sperm of the freshwater fish Danio rerio a novel CNGK family member featuring non-canonical properties. (elifesciences.org)
Encodes3
Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 15, also known as KCNJ15 is a human gene, which encodes the Kir4.2 protein. (wikipedia.org)
This gene encodes one of the members of the superfamily of potassium channel proteins containing two pore-forming P domains. (thermofisher.com)
This gene encodes a member of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel family of proteins. (nih.gov)
Ions9
The KCNJ5 gene provides instructions for making a protein that functions as a potassium channel, which means that it transports positively charged atoms (ions) of potassium (K + ) into and out of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
In these glands, the flow of ions creates an electrical charge across the cell membrane, which affects the triggering of certain biochemical processes that regulate aldosterone production. (medlineplus.gov)
The abnormal flow of ions through these channels leads to increased aldosterone production, causing hypertension. (medlineplus.gov)
Members of this family form ion channel pores that allow potassiumions to pass into a cell. (nih.gov)
Aldosterone, by inducing renal reabsorption of sodium at the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), enhances secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions, causing hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and alkalosis. (medscape.com)
Potassium channels where the flow of K+ ions into the cell is greater than the outward flow. (lookformedical.com)
Cell membrane glycoproteins that form channels to selectively pass chloride ions. (lookformedical.com)
Allow potassium2
Kir4.2 has a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into a cell rather than out of a cell. (wikipedia.org)
The encoded protein, which has a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into a cell rather than out of a cell, is controlled by G-proteins. (nih.gov)
Selective2
As in aldosterone-producing adenomas (described above), KCNJ5 gene mutations result in production of less-selective potassium channels. (medlineplus.gov)
Gating is thought to involve conformational changes of the ion channel which alters selective permeability. (lookformedical.com)
KCNJ5 gene mutations associated with this condition change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the potassium channel. (medlineplus.gov)
The encoded protein homodimerizes and functions as an outwardly rectifying channel. (thermofisher.com)
Secretion1
Potassium channels play a role in many cellular processes including maintenance of the action potential, muscle contraction, hormone secretion, osmotic regulation, and ion flow. (thermofisher.com)
Cytometry4
After 20 days of differentiation, Western blot, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were performed to identify sinus node-like cells. (biomedcentral.com)
K+ channel mutations in adrenal aldosterone-producing adenomas and hereditary hypertension. (medlineplus.gov)
A Meta-Analysis of Somatic KCNJ5 K(+) Channel Mutations In 1636 Patients With an Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma. (medlineplus.gov)
Gene2
In spite of some initial channel nomenclature confusion, in which the gene was referred to as Kir1.3 the channel was first cloned from human kidney by Shuck and coworkers in 1997. (wikipedia.org)
Potassium channels produced from the KCNJ5 gene are found in several tissues, including the adrenal glands, which are small hormone-producing glands located on top of each kidney. (medlineplus.gov)
Dependence1
Omega toxins inhibit the actions of these channels by altering their voltage dependence. (lookformedical.com)