• However, it can lead to cervical myelopathy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Do Caucasians and East Asians have Different Outcomes Following Surgery for the Treatment of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy? (medscape.com)
  • The Influence of Diabetes on Surgical Outcomes in Cervical Myelopathy. (medscape.com)
  • Complications of nonunited Type II odontoid fractures can range from neck pain to progressive neurological deficit from cervical myelopathy. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • A 68-year-old female presented with rapidly progressive cervical myelopathy (from normal to moderate myelopathy modified Japanese Orthopedic Association [mJOA] 13) over 3 months. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • At follow-up, the cervical myelopathy has improved to near normalcy (mJOA 17) with no evidence or implant-related complication. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • The hazards of nonunited odontoid fractures in adults can include mechanical neck pain[ 2 ] as well as progressive craniocervical deformity[ 5 8 ] and neurological deterioration into cervical myelopathy. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • This case illustrates a complex craniocervical deformity leading to progressive cervical myelopathy occurring for 25 years following a nonunited odontoid fracture and in combination with substantial subaxial disease. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • She presented with 6 months of progressive cervical myelopathy that manifests as upper extremity weakness and hand incoordination, extremity paresthesiae, and gait instability. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Reoperation Rates After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion for Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy and Myelopathy: A National Population-based Study. (cornell.edu)
  • C1 Stenosis - An Easily Missed Cause for Cervical Myelopathy. (cornell.edu)
  • Dynamic Cord Compression Causing Cervical Myelopathy. (cornell.edu)
  • Pathophysiology of Cervical Spondylosis, Radiculopathy, and Myelopathy 30. (acco.be)
  • The objective of the study was to assess the surgical outcomes of patients with cervical myelopathy, using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire (JOACMEQ). (backbonejournal.com)
  • Summary of Background Data: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of morbidity. (backbonejournal.com)
  • 45 years) group, and in those with subaxial myelopathy. (backbonejournal.com)
  • 1. Furlan JC, Kalsi-Ryan S, Kailaya-Vasan A, Massicotte EM, Fehlings MG. Functional and clinical outcomes following surgical treatment in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy: A prospective study of 81 cases. (backbonejournal.com)
  • Operative treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy and radiculopathy. (backbonejournal.com)
  • An outcome measure for patients with cervical myelopathy: Japanese orthopaedic association cervical myelopathy evaluation questionnaire (JOACMEQ): Part 1. (backbonejournal.com)
  • 4. Chang V, Lu DC, Hoffmann H, Buchanan C, Holly LT. Clinical results of cervical laminectomy and fusion for the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in 58 consecutive patients. (backbonejournal.com)
  • 5. Al-Tamimi YZ, Guilfoyle M, Seeley H, Laing J. Measurement of long-term outcome in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy treated surgically. (backbonejournal.com)
  • 6. Morio Y, Teshima R, Nagashima H, Nawata K, Yamasaki D, Nanjo Y. Correlation between operative outcomes of cervical compression myelopathy and MRI of the spinal cord. (backbonejournal.com)
  • C1 stenosis resulting in cervical myelopathy due to posterior compression from the arch of the atlas is easily missed. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • 1 , 3 - 5 , 7 - 9 , 11 ] Here, we describe a case of cervical myelopathy attributable to C1 arch stenosis that was readily resolved with operative decompression. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Left) MRI, Sagittal T2 sequence, demonstrating a central cervical disk herniation causing cervical myelopathy. (medscape.com)
  • Right) MRI, T2 Sequence, Axial T2 sequence, demonstrating a central disk herniation causing compression and deformation of the spinal cord, causing symptoms of cervical myelopathy. (medscape.com)
  • Reply to the letter to the editor regarding "a clinical prediction model to assess surgical outcome in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy: Internal and external validation using the prospective multicenter AOSpine North American and International datasets of 743 patients. (illinois.edu)
  • The odontoid process is held in tight proximity to the posterior aspect of the anterior arch of the atlas by the transverse ligament, which stabilizes the atlantoaxial joint. (medscape.com)
  • The anterior column consists of posterior longitudinal ligament and structures anterior to it [vertebral body and disc, anterior longitudinal ligament]. (boneandspine.com)
  • The lower cervical spine that permits motion through intervertebral discs and facet joints and is limited by the anterior longitudinal ligament and posterior ligamentous complex. (boneandspine.com)
  • Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament 44. (acco.be)
  • The use of a distractor or an intervertebral distractor will facilitate the removal of the posterior half of the disk and visualize the posterior longitudinal ligament. (aofoundation.org)
  • Vertebrae are stabilized by an anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior ligament, and interspinous ligament. (mhmedical.com)
  • The C4 vertebral body, with a landmark at the mid-cervical level, is less affected by upper cervical spine motion/rotation, which makes it a more effective and versatile landmark for defining the occipitocervical neutral position during fusion surgery [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At this point, the fractured portion of the vertebral body (but not the posterior third) is removed using a combination of Leksell rongeurs and osteotomes. (aofoundation.org)
  • A burr is used to remove the posterior portion of the vertebral body as the spinal canal is approached. (aofoundation.org)
  • The spinal canal is decompressed by the resection of the posterior wall of the vertebral body. (aofoundation.org)
  • Each vertebra consists of a vertebral body and posterior element. (mhmedical.com)
  • 7] ACDF similarly involves removing the symptomatic cervical disc with an added step of placing bone graft to encourage bony fusion of the upper and lower vertebral body. (medscape.com)
  • Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging show an isolated metastatic lesion involving the T10 vertebral body with moderate compression of the spinal cord. (jbjs.org)
  • The dominant motion in the lower cervical spine is flexion-extension, but the cervical spine's anatomy permits a fair amount of motion in all planes. (medscape.com)
  • The lower cervical spine can suffer minor bony or ligamentous injury that nevertheless results in severe neurologic injury. (medscape.com)
  • However, the converse is also true: Major bony or ligamentous injury to the lower cervical spine can present with only neck pain. (medscape.com)
  • Recognizing injury to the lower cervical spine is important because of the association between these injuries and spinal cord and nerve root injury. (medscape.com)
  • Little room for malalignment exists in the lower cervical spine, and safe and expeditious realignment is of the utmost priority. (medscape.com)
  • The age distribution of patients presenting with injuries to the lower cervical spine and spinal cord is bimodal. (medscape.com)
  • The Congress of Neurological Surgeons recommended the SLIC and the CSISS for use in categorizing lower cervical spine injuries. (medscape.com)
  • Mahesh B,Upendra B , Vijay S ,Arun K , Srinivas R .Perforations & Angulations of 324 cervical medial cortical pedicle screws : a possible guide to avoide lateral perforations with use of pedicle screws in lower cervical spine. (sanjeevinihospital.com)
  • The term lower cervical spine injury refers to the Injury of the subaxial cervical spine or that is below axis. (boneandspine.com)
  • Lower cervical spine injuries are very common and are associated with substantial mortality and morbidity. (boneandspine.com)
  • C1 and C2 along with C2-C3 joint are considered upper cervical spine whereas below that is lower cervical spine. (boneandspine.com)
  • Motor-vehicle accidents, falls, and accidents resulting from recreational activities or sports are the leading causes of injuries to the lower cervical spine. (boneandspine.com)
  • Spearman correlation analysis showed that the ΔS/C ratio (the change ratio of syrinx/cord) was positively correlated with the CCOS (p = 0.001, r = 0.897) and ΔC2-7A (the change of lower cervical angle) (p = 0.002, r = 0.560). (e-neurospine.org)
  • Imaging often shows a small posterior fossa volume and syringomyelia located at the lower cervical and upper thoracic segments. (e-neurospine.org)
  • Spinal imaging studies revealed hypertrophic nonunion and craniocervical kyphotic deformity with significant subaxial stenosis and segmental kyphosis. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Kyphosis measurements were less reproducible, though the endplate method demonstrated superior reliability to the posterior tangent method. (illinois.edu)
  • A 65-year-old woman with a history of a C5-pelvis posterior instrumented fusion (PSIF) presented with chin-on-chest deformity after a prior proximal junctional failure/kyphosis at T4 (30° T3-5) above a prior T5-pelvis PSIF that was stabilized in situ . (e-neurospine.org)
  • Postoperatively, radiographs demonstrated excellent restoration of and normalization of cervical sagittal alignment, thoracic kyphosis, focal T3-5 kyphosis (7°), and global sagittal alignment. (e-neurospine.org)
  • Subaxial cervical kyphosis can be corrected via anterior, posterior, or a combination of anterior and posterior approaches while deformity stemming from the upper thoracic spine is addressed primarily with posteriorly-based surgical techniques. (e-neurospine.org)
  • Prospective randomized controlled trials have been performed that demonstrate similar clinical outcomes between the 3 groups, with a decreased rate of cervical fusion and increased incidence of kyphosis in the ACD group. (medscape.com)
  • Cervical kyphosis and thoracic lordoscoliosis in a patient with cerebral palsy. (rush.edu)
  • The upper cervical spine consists of the atlas (C1) and the axis (C2). (medscape.com)
  • CASE ILLUSTRATION/METHODS:We present the case of a 22-month-old male patient who was found to have ligamentous injury detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the upper cervical spine but missed by MRI in the lower thoracic spine. (nyu.edu)
  • Furthermore, there was no spinal cord injury in the upper cervical spine, but indeed a serious insult in the thoracic region. (nyu.edu)
  • The age-associated cervical spondylosis narrows the spinal canal and predisposes the cervical cord to injury at this level. (medscape.com)
  • The relatively minor trauma is able to cause injury in the second group because the cervical spondylosis predisposes the cervical cord to injury by diminishing the space. (boneandspine.com)
  • 3,4 However, injuries at low velocity or force can also occur, such as falls from a low height or low speed rear-end traffic collisions, particularly when cervical spondylosis is present. (racgp.org.au)
  • The cervical spine is made up of 7 vertebrae. (medscape.com)
  • The cervical spine is made up of the first 7 vertebrae, referred to as C1-7 (see the images below). (medscape.com)
  • Lateral radiograph of cervical spine showing all 7 vertebrae. (medscape.com)
  • 1, 2, 3, 4] These first 2 vertebrae are quite different from the rest of the cervical spine (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • The cervical spine consists of seven vertebrae numbered C1-C7. (boneandspine.com)
  • The vertebral column is composed of 33 vertebrae: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 fused sacral, and 4 (usually fused) coccygeal. (mhmedical.com)
  • Cervical vertebrae -- Diseases. (edu.au)
  • hence, in children, cervical fractures are more common in upper vertebrae. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Cervicothoracic deformity encompasses a variety of pathologies that afflict the subaxial cervical spine and/or upper thoracic spine and result in considerable functional distress and morbidity [ 1 , 2 ]. (e-neurospine.org)
  • Minimally invasive surgery has continued to grow as an alternative approach to traditional open methods of treating cervical and thoracic spine pathologies, with similar efficacy, shorter hospitalizations and decreased tissue destruction. (jmisst.org)
  • This manuscript presents a review of the literature and summarizes complications seen in cervical and thoracic spine surgery, focusing on different types of minimally invasive procedures. (jmisst.org)
  • Despite the known complications of open surgery involving the cervical and thoracic spine, complications associated with minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques remain unanswered. (jmisst.org)
  • The present review seeks to identify potential complications associated with cervical and thoracic spine surgery using the tubular, endoscopic tubular assisted, uniportal endoscopic, and biportal endoscopic surgical approaches. (jmisst.org)
  • Additionally, a search of the phrase "minimally-invasive cervical and thoracic spine surgery complications" was performed. (jmisst.org)
  • The titles and abstracts of the identified articles were then systematically assessed for any mention of minimally invasive tubular, endoscopic tubular-assisted, uniportal endoscopic, or biportal endoscopic surgery to the cervical or thoracic spine. (jmisst.org)
  • Unlike the other parts of the spine, the cervical spine has transverse foramina in each vertebra for the vertebral arteries that supply blood to the brain. (medscape.com)
  • Cervical vertebra. (medscape.com)
  • The first root leaves above the atlas and last [C8] exits between the seventh cervical vertebra and the first thoracic level. (boneandspine.com)
  • One can consider an axial compressive load applied to a single cervical vertebra as a fundamentally pure example of load transmission. (boneandspine.com)
  • The first cervical vertebra. (lookformedical.com)
  • A typical subaxial vertebra is composed of an anterior body and a posterior vertebral arch. (mhmedical.com)
  • Dynamic changes in the reflex exam of patients with sub-axial cervical stenosis. (cornell.edu)
  • Only 11 prior cases of symptomatic cervical stenosis due to C1 posterior arch compression have been reported in the literature. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • 1 , 2 ] Interestingly, most also had spinal canal stenosis at subaxial levels [ Table 1 ]. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Dr. Aaron Clark is a neurosurgeon specializing in minimally invasive outpatient procedures for lumbar and cervical herniated discs and stenosis, as well as minimally invasive lumbar fusion surgery. (ucsf.edu)
  • This added step has been argued to further encourage cervical fusion to maximize stability and maintain disc space height to decrease the likelihood of foraminal stenosis. (medscape.com)
  • Deformity Angular Ratio Describes the Severity of Spinal Deformity and Predicts the Risk of Neurologic Deficit in Posterior Vertebral Column Resection Surgery. (medscape.com)
  • Download instantly Cervical Spine Surgery, Standard and Advanced Techniques - Cervical Spine Research Society - Europe Instructional Surgical Atlas by Heiko Koller, Yohan Robinson, Alexis Demetriades. (booksca.ca)
  • When surgery is indicated, the role for anterior and posterior approaches further remains controversial. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • 2021. Respiratory Compromise After Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery: Incidence, Subsequent Complications, and Independent Predictors. . (cornell.edu)
  • Reoperation Rates After Surgery for Degenerative Cervical Spine Disease According to Different Surgical Procedures: National Population-based Cohort Study. (cornell.edu)
  • 2017. Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy After Cervical Spine Surgery: A Multicenter AOSpine Clinical Research Network Study. . (cornell.edu)
  • 2017. Rare Complications of Cervical Spine Surgery: Pseudomeningocoele. . (cornell.edu)
  • 2017. Rare Complications of Cervical Spine Surgery: Horner's Syndrome. . (cornell.edu)
  • Infection prevention in cervical spine surgery. (cornell.edu)
  • Preoperative Narcotic Use, Impaired Ambulation Status, and Increased Intraoperative Blood Loss Are Independent Risk Factors for Complications Following Posterior Cervical Laminectomy and Fusion Surgery. (cornell.edu)
  • Open cervical spinal surgery in particular is associated with a variety of complications. (jmisst.org)
  • Nineteen patients underwent anterior surgery and 23 patients underwent posterior surgery. (backbonejournal.com)
  • He is an active member of American Association of Neurosurgery, North American Spine Surgery, Scoliosis Research Society, and Cervical Spine Research Society. (stanford.edu)
  • The book also contains key points about implant safety and possible complications as well as an outlook to the future of cervical spine surgery. (edu.au)
  • After surgery, the syrinx resolution and cervical sagittal realignment in the moniliform group are more obvious, and the corresponding prognosis is relatively better. (e-neurospine.org)
  • After decompression surgery, syrinx resolution may coexist with the changes in the subaxial lordosis angle, especially for syrinx in moniliform type, and the relationship between syrinx resolution and cervical sagittal realignment might be valuable for evaluating the surgical outcome. (e-neurospine.org)
  • The incidence and mortality of thromboembolic events in cervical spine surgery. (rush.edu)
  • Epidemiological trends in cervical spine surgery for degenerative diseases between 2002 and 2009. (rush.edu)
  • Outcomes of cervical spine surgery in teaching and non-teaching hospitals. (rush.edu)
  • We analyzed neutral, flexion, and extension lateral cervical spine radiographs of 150 asymptomatic subjects (73 males and 77 females) that were judged to be normal. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, we introduced and evaluated the occiput-C4 distance (OC4D) measurement method using lateral cervical spine radiographs from asymptomatic subjects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This presented originally with neck pain and was detected on spinal radiographs, with conservative management in a soft cervical orthosis implemented. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Radiographic Comparison between Cervical Spine Lateral and Whole-Spine Lateral Standing Radiographs. (cornell.edu)
  • Lateral cervical plain radiographs and CT images of 30 patients who sustained a broad spectrum of subaxial cervical spine injuries were distributed to surgeons. (illinois.edu)
  • Plain radiographs showed marked narrowing of the cervical spinal canal, while the axial and sagittal computed tomography (CT) scans revealed a hypoplastic but intact posterior arch of the atlas [ Figure 1a - c ]. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Injuries of the subaxial cervical spine (C3-7) are among the most common and potentially most devastating injuries involving the axial skeleton. (medscape.com)
  • however, the presence of multiple traumatic injuries may distract the examiner from the cervical spine. (medscape.com)
  • In high-speed injuries, the head can act as a significant lever arm on the cervical spine and, depending on the mechanism, can create a wide array of injury patterns. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, in the context of our present study, we considered that a normal occipital-cervical distance is likely important for avoiding over-distraction injuries to the cranial nerves and spinal cord during OCF. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Odontoid fractures are among the most common injuries at the craniocervical junction and account for nearly one in six cervical spine fractures. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Review of Subaxial Cervical Spine Injuries Presenting to a Tertiary-Level Hospital in Nepal: Challenges in Surgical Management in a Third World Scenario. (cornell.edu)
  • Despite the importance of imaging and classification of subaxial cervical injuries, the persistent lack of a uniform measurement protocol remains an obstacle. (illinois.edu)
  • The injuries to the subaxial spine have a bimodal age distribution. (boneandspine.com)
  • In addition, retropharyngeal hematomas, esophageal injury, vascular injuries, and damage to the cervical sympathetic change also occur, but are less common [ 4 ]. (jmisst.org)
  • More commonly a concern from a posterior approach, vertebral artery and cervical nerve root injuries can also occur [ 5 , 6 ]. (jmisst.org)
  • Subaxial Cervical Spine Injuries 37. (acco.be)
  • Due to its inherent flexibility, the cervical spine is the most commonly injured region of the spinal column, with most injuries occurring at the C2 level and from C5 to C7. (mhmedical.com)
  • Although cervical spine trauma is more common following high velocity mechanisms of injury resulting in multiple injuries, falls and low velocity mechanisms may also result in serious cervical spine injury. (racgp.org.au)
  • Other more subtle injuries, such as occult cervical soft tissue disruption, or associated vertebral or carotid arterial injuries can be difficult to detect, but may also result in permanent neurologic sequelae. (racgp.org.au)
  • Imaging evaluation of adult spinal injuries: emphasis on multidetector CT in cervical spine trauma. (radiopaedia.org)
  • How accurate are machine learning models at identifying the predictive factors for readmissions after posterior lumbar fusion procedures? (medscape.com)
  • Mini-open Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation Following Posterior Instrumentation. (medscape.com)
  • The cervical spine is much more mobile than the thoracic or lumbar regions of the spine. (medscape.com)
  • Incidence of ASVF is 3.5 times more than in general people, 75% in the cervical spine followed by thoracic and lumbar spine. (fortunepublish.com)
  • He is a member of the Cervical Spine Research Society, Scoliosis Research Society, North American Spine Society, Lumbar Spine Research Society. (rochester.edu)
  • I am a member of the Cervical Spine Research Society, Scoliosis Research Society, North American Spine Society, Lumbar Spine Research Society. (rochester.edu)
  • Predictive Model for Cervical Alignment and Malalignment Following Surgical Correction of Adult Spinal Deformity. (medscape.com)
  • Anterior osteotomy for rigid cervical deformity correction. (cornell.edu)
  • 2017. Cervical Spine Deformity-Part 1: Biomechanics, Radiographic Parameters, and Classification. . (cornell.edu)
  • 2017. Cervical Spine Deformity-Part 2: Management Algorithm and Anterior Techniques. . (cornell.edu)
  • 2017. Cervical Spine Deformity-Part 3: Posterior Techniques, Clinical Outcome, and Complications. . (cornell.edu)
  • Developmental Deformity in the Cervical Spine 26. (acco.be)
  • Although malalignment can be managed initially with cervical tong traction, definitive surgical stabilization, with or without decompression, generally is required. (medscape.com)
  • Operative stabilization of the cervical spine was introduced by Hadra in 1891, when he wired the spinous processes of a child who had a fracture dislocation with progressive neurologic deterioration. (medscape.com)
  • The apical, alar, and transverse ligaments, by allowing spinal column rotation, provide further stabilization and prevent posterior displacement of the dens in relation to the atlas. (medscape.com)
  • The anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with instrumentation (ACDFI) technique involves the additional stabilization of the cervical spine with instrumentation. (medscape.com)
  • Of the patients with cervical spine injury identified, 42% were found to have fracture, dislocation or pure discoligamentous injury requiring external immobilisation or operative stabilisation. (racgp.org.au)
  • Fracture or dislocation of the cervical spine should be suspected in any patient involved in a high-velocity injury. (medscape.com)
  • On the other hand, subaxial facets are almost vertically poised, and if the muscles become weak, there can be only one type of dislocation on the facets that is vertical dislocation, a fact that has never been talked about in the literature. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • If there is a large inferior facet angle and/or subaxial ankylosis, as an anterior arch fracture may occur in up to 14.2% of cases follow a C1 laminectomy or laminoplasty initially be carefully considered. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • 1 for publishing the case report of posterior circulation stroke after C1-C2 intraarticular facet steroid injection with evidence of diffuse microvascular injury. (silverchair.com)
  • Safety and efficacy of direct nerve root decompression via anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with uncinectomy for cervical radiculopathy. (cornell.edu)
  • MRI, Axial T2 sequence, demonstrating a right-sided cervical disk herniation causing cervical nerve root impingement and resulting radiculopathy. (medscape.com)
  • In patients presenting to an emergency facility with a history of a high-speed motor vehicle accident, significant head or facial trauma, a neurologic deficit, or neck pain, a cervical spine injury should be assumed to be present until proved otherwise. (medscape.com)
  • Recently, the Spine Trauma Study Group published a proposal for a standardized set of measurement techniques for the radiographic evaluation of subaxial cervical spine trauma. (illinois.edu)
  • Despite a consensus regarding their importance in directing treatment, radiographic measurements for subaxial cervical spine trauma demonstrate inconsistent reliability. (illinois.edu)
  • In trauma patients, it should be assumed that there is an injury to the cervical spine unless ruled out. (boneandspine.com)
  • Therefore, the cervical spine is protected in a patient of trauma, beginning at the accident site, during extrication, examination and shifting the patient. (boneandspine.com)
  • Cervical spine injury has been known to occur in as many as 4.5% cases of blunt trauma. (boneandspine.com)
  • The cervical spine is a mobile region enabling mobility in various planes and during any trauma, the head can act as a significant lever arm on the cervical spine and creating a wide range of injury patterns. (boneandspine.com)
  • 2014). "Multidetector CT of blunt cervical spine trauma in adults. (washington.edu)
  • Patients presenting following trauma should be assessed for risk of cervical spine injury according to one of two evidence based decision rules. (racgp.org.au)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging should be considered in patients with neurologic symptoms or advanced cervical degenerative disease, as these patients are at particular risk of acute disc and ligamentous injury following trauma. (racgp.org.au)
  • A recent meta-analysis of 65 studies including almost 282 000 trauma patients, found that cervical spine injury occurs in 3.7% of patients overall, with 2.8% of alert patients and 7.7% of obtunded patients having an acute abnormality detected. (racgp.org.au)
  • One of the two widely adopted and evidence based decision rules is used in the initial evaluation of the cervical spine following trauma: the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilisation Study (NEXUS) 6,10-12 criteria (Table 1) or the Canadian C-spine rule (Figure 1) . (racgp.org.au)
  • Under the NEXUS criteria, for patients presenting for general practice or hospital emergency department (ED) review following trauma, cervical spine injury cannot be excluded if any of the criteria are present. (racgp.org.au)
  • Cervical spine fractures can occur secondary to exaggerated flexion or extension, or because of direct trauma or axial loading. (radiopaedia.org)
  • 1. Sliker CW, Mirvis SE, Shanmuganathan K. Assessing cervical spine stability in obtunded blunt trauma patients: review of medical literature. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Destructive synovitis leads to bone erosion and causes the ligaments of the spine to become too laxed (loose), eventually resulting in cervical spinal instability (loose neck bones). (wikipedia.org)
  • So vertical facetal instability and telescoping the segments of the spine telescopes subaxial spine, and that telescoping is vertical facetal instability. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Flexion (c) and extension (d) cervical laretal radiograph revealed no atlantoaxial instability. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • The authors present two cases of skeletal dysplasia that caused overt instability of the cervical spine. (nyu.edu)
  • Adjacent Segment Degeneration and Disease of the Cervical Spine 59. (acco.be)
  • One patient with a diagnosis of Gorham disease of the cervical spine was treated with prolonged fixation in a halo brace after an initial attempt at instrumentation with a posterior occiput--C4 fusion. (nyu.edu)
  • During occipitocervical fixation and fusion, it is important to confirm that the occiput remains in a neutral balanced position in relation to the cervical spine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Occipitocervical fixation and fusion, using an occipital plate and cervical screws, may need to be extended to the subaxial spine to enhance the stability of the construct. (asianspinejournal.org)
  • Subaxial cervical and cervicothoracic fixation techniques--indications, techniques, and outcomes. (rush.edu)
  • 2020. Restoration of Global Sagittal Alignment After Surgical Correction of Cervical Hyperlordosis in a Patient with Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy: A Case Report. . (cornell.edu)
  • Combined with different configuration types of syringomyelia, to analyze the correlation between syrinx resolution and changes in cervical sagittal alignment following Foramen magnum and Magendie dredging (FMMD) for syringomyelia associated with Chiari I malformation (CM-I), and to further explore the respective relationship with clinical outcome. (e-neurospine.org)
  • The atlas is made up of a thick anterior arch, a thin posterior arch, 2 prominent lateral masses, and 2 transverse processes. (medscape.com)
  • Mechanism: C1 compression (e.g., diving into shallow waters) causing burst Fx-classically 4-parts of the anterior and posterior arch of C1. (elpasochiropractorblog.com)
  • Following a cervical laminectomy involving excision of the arch of the atlas, and the patient's symptoms resolved. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • The magnetic resonance imaging revealed focal dural compression due to the hypoplastic posterior C1 arch along with a high T2-weighted intrinsic cord signal [ Figure 2a and b ]. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Preoperative mid-sagittal and axial image of computed tomography (a and b) demonstrating a hypoplastic but intact posterior arch of the atlas. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Postoperative mid-sagittal (a) and axial (b) image of computed tomography (CT) and three-dimensional CT (c) showing laminectomy of the atlas posterior arch. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • The posterior ponticulus may appear falsely as a widened C1 arch. (silverchair.com)
  • The aim of the present study was to describe and measure the occipital-cervical distance by a novel method utilizing the occiput-C4 distance (OC4D) in normal subjects, as a proposed tool to guide restoration of vertical dislocations of the occipitocervical region in patients with basilar invaginations and for performing standardized testing of occipitocervical constructs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The OC4D represents a novel measurement for estimating the occipital-cervical distance that is not affected by changes in neutral, flexion, and extension positions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, few studies have focused on the relationship between the distance of occipital-cervical vertical reduction and lower cranial nerve palsy following vertical over-distraction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Note Jefferson Fx with pillar and transverse foramina fx requiring posterior occipital-cervical fusion (below right image). (elpasochiropractorblog.com)
  • Hence, the OC4D may serve as a valuable parameter and intra-operative tool to guide vertical restoration during occipitocervical fusion (OCF) for patients with altered occiput-cervical anatomy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rarely, the hypertrophic nonunion requires both anterior transoral decompression and posterior decompression with instrumented fusion. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • The patient underwent anterior transoral decompression, followed by posterior occipitothoracic decompression and instrumented fusion. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Recent trends in medicare utilization and reimbursement for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. (cornell.edu)
  • Radiological Fusion Criteria of Postoperative Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Systematic Review. (cornell.edu)
  • Safety of Outpatient Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (cornell.edu)
  • With the advent of ACD, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) techniques were simultaneously and independently popularized by Cloward[6] and Smith and Robinson. (medscape.com)
  • Comparing outcomes of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in workman's versus non-workman's compensation population. (rush.edu)
  • Factors affecting reoperations after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion within and outside of a Federal Drug Administration investigational device exemption cervical disc replacement trial. (rush.edu)
  • Anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) was described in the mid-20th century as a treatment for lateral cervical disc syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Revision Anterior Cervical Disc Arthroplasty: A National Analysis of the Associated Indications, Procedures, and Postoperative Outcomes. (cornell.edu)
  • The presence of cervical spine injury is often overt, indicated by neurologic deficit or radiographically demonstrated fracture or malalignment. (racgp.org.au)
  • Although the anterior subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint is the most common manifestation of the disorder, subluxation can also occur with posterior or vertical movement, and subaxial (below C2) joints can also be involved. (wikipedia.org)
  • With this maneuver, the vast majority of cervical motion is produced at the occipitoatlantal and atlantoaxial joints. (asahq.org)
  • There are a total of eight cervical nerve roots. (boneandspine.com)
  • Spinal cord ischemia, nerve root injury, dural tear, and hematoma formation are also possible with both the anterior and posterior approaches [ 7 ]. (jmisst.org)
  • Nerve roots are better identified from a posterior approach, but experienced surgeons can also perform an anterior foraminotomy. (aofoundation.org)
  • Center) MRI, Axial T2 sequence, demonstrating a normal cervical disk that does not cause compression of the spinal cord or the exiting nerve roots. (medscape.com)
  • The cervical spine can get injured by various mechanisms that lead to bony or ligamentous failure. (boneandspine.com)
  • Such cases require anterior transoral decompression, posterior cervical decompression, and instrumented fusions. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • The purpose of this article is not to compare and contrast these different surgical techniques or plate technologies but to highlight the role of these 3 procedures for treatment of cervical spine disease. (medscape.com)
  • As mentioned above, ACD, ACDF, and ACDFI are different but very similar techniques for the surgical treatment of cervical spine disease. (medscape.com)
  • From the posterior approach, misplaced pedicle screws may also damage the great vessels potentially leading to bleeding, thromboembolism, or pseudoaneurysm formation [ 9 ]. (jmisst.org)
  • The cervical spinal column is extremely vulnerable to injury. (boneandspine.com)
  • Rheumatoid disease of the spine is a morbid consequence of untreated longstanding severe cervical spinal rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-an inflammatory autoimmune disease that attacks the ligaments, joints, and bones of the neck. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mostly, cervical spine injury occurs due to both components being present in different proportions. (boneandspine.com)