• The "second form" of the syndrome (stylocarotid syndrome) is characterized by the compression of the internal or external carotid artery (with their peri-vascular sympathetic fibers) by a laterally or medially deviated styloid process. (medscape.com)
  • The parotid space has a skeletal background created by the ramus of the mandible anteriorly, the styloid process medially, the mastoid process posteriorly, and the external acoustic meatus and the posterior part of the temporomandibular joint posterosuperiorly ( Fig. 1 ). (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Medially -lies the styloid process and its muscles separating the parotid from the internal jugular vein, internal carotid artery, last four cranial nerves and the lateral wall of the pharynx. (rxdentistry.net)
  • The facial nerve emerges from the stylomastoid foramen, winds laterally to the styloid process and can then be exposed in the inverted V between the bony part of the external auditory meatus and the mastoid process. (rxdentistry.net)
  • and the sternocleidomastoid and digastric muscles related to the mastoid process and the lateral portion of the posterior occipital line. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • With the stylohyoid ligament and the small horn of the hyoid bone, the styloid process forms the stylohyoid apparatus, which arises embryonically from the Reichert cartilage of the second branchial arch. (medscape.com)
  • Spinal accessory and vagus nerves run medial to the styloid process. (acbjournal.org)
  • the anterior belly originates from the anteromedial surface of the mandible, the posterior belly originates from the medial aspect of the mastoid process. (goconqr.com)
  • The stylopharyngeus (6) and stylohyoid (7) muscles have been retracted slightly to expose the styloid process (8), the stylomandibular ligament (11) and the styloglossus muscle (9). (stanford.edu)
  • The stylopharyngeus, stylohyoid and styloglossus are the muscles which attach to the base, middle part and tip of the styloid process respectively. (acbjournal.org)
  • The mastoid process' main function is to provide an area of attachment to several important muscles in the head. (biologydictionary.net)
  • Several muscles and ligaments are located within the styloid process, which is located just below the external auditory canal. (amplifon.com)
  • The glossopharyngeal nerve travels anteriorly from the jugular foramen along the lateral aspect of the pharynx in close proximity to the structures in the carotid sheath and the styloid process and in the neck lies between the internal and external carotid arteries. (medscape.com)
  • Eagle syndrome is characterized by recurrent pain in the oropharynx and face due to an elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament. (medscape.com)
  • In anatomical terms, it is composed of three parts: the squamous, tympanic, and petromastoid, along with two bony processes, the zygomatic and the styloid. (amplifon.com)
  • According to Balcioglu (2009), the mean length of the styloid processes of the subjects reporting Eagle syndrome is reported to be 40 +/- 4.72 mm. (medscape.com)
  • the disadvantage of this view is the overlapping between styloid processes of both sides and/or with adjoining bony structures. (medscape.com)
  • The styloid processes were measured for their length, thickness at the base, mid-point and the tip. (acbjournal.org)
  • Among them, 3 skulls (2.7%) had unilateral elongation and 2 skulls (1.8%) had bilateral elongation of the styloid process. (acbjournal.org)
  • and osteolysis of the occipital, styloid, and mastoid bones consistent with MOE ( Appendix Figure). (cdc.gov)
  • The superior border of the mastoid area joins with the parietal bone and has the petrosquamous suture travelling vertically from it. (biologydictionary.net)
  • The mastoid process is a smooth, conical projection of bone which has several structures that allow it to carry out its specific functions. (biologydictionary.net)
  • Mastoid air cells/Lenoirs - hollow areas present in the superior, inferior, and anterior areas of the mastoid process. (biologydictionary.net)
  • Being cylindrical in shape, the styloid process gradually tapers towards the apex just like a pinnacle. (acbjournal.org)
  • Ition nf the bmin and, and mastoid nature of the optic thalamus of the homologies. (oxigeme.com)
  • A portion of this fascia between the tip of the styloid process and the angle of the mandible is thickened, creating the stylomandibular ligament. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Computed tomography (CT) scanning (and in particular three-dimensional [3-D] CT scanning) represents an extremely valuable imaging tool in patients with Eagle syndrome, offering an accurate evaluation of the styloid process in relation to its anatomical relationship with the other head and neck structures. (medscape.com)
  • ose the styloid the phalanges for the strength, from behind by two give it is lodged. (cabelecelectronica.com)
  • A retrospective study by Oztunç et al found that in a group of 208 patients with orofacial pain, the rate of symptoms, except headache, was significantly greater in those patients with an elongated styloid process (as revealed with cone-beam computed tomography [CT] scanning). (medscape.com)
  • The mastoid process has attracted the attention of several researchers due to its protected position at the base of the skull and the fact that it is relatively compact, in addition to being highly resistant and dimorphic, considered as a gold standard anatomical structure in the determination of the sexual dimorphism of skulls. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, other anatomical structures need to be evaluated concurrently with the mastoid process to provide better accuracy and reliability of skull sexual dimorphism data. (bvsalud.org)
  • The inclusion criteria for selecting the studies were based on the PICO question: "Are skull anatomical structures reliable as alternatives to determine sexual dimorphism compared to the mastoid process? (bvsalud.org)
  • Treatment of Eagle syndrome via styloidectomy (removal of the elongated portion of the styloid process) can be performed using the intraoral approach (or transpharyngeal) or the extraoral approach. (medscape.com)
  • The two traditional surgical approaches to styloidectomy (removal of the elongated portion of the styloid process) are the intraoral approach (or transpharyngeal) and the extraoral approach. (medscape.com)
  • The styloid process was observed macroscopically on both sides of all the skulls, the elongations if any were noted. (acbjournal.org)
  • The mean length of the styloid process was 17.8±9.3 mm and 18.2±5.6 mm for the right and left sides, respectively. (acbjournal.org)
  • The rough outer surface of the mastoid process also allows the occipitofrontalis muscle to anchor, which wraps the skull from the superior nuchal line to the mastoid process. (biologydictionary.net)
  • It is mobile and its ends hang by the stylohyoid ligaments from the styloid process on each side of the base of the skull. (flyinggiraffeteas.com)
  • Thus, the objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the degree of reliability of the mastoid process to determine sexual dimorphism compared to other dimorphic structures, since there are still no systematic reviews on the subject in the literature. (bvsalud.org)
  • The objective of the present investigation was to study the prevalence of elongated styloid process in the Indian population and to study its morphology. (acbjournal.org)
  • The dried skulls which had damaged styloid process were excluded from the present study. (acbjournal.org)
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  • The morphometric data of the styloid process were collected at various points and variations of the dimensions of styloid process are studied. (acbjournal.org)