• Many arthropods can regenerate limbs and other appendages following either injury or autotomy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Xenopus tadpoles can regenerate their tails, limb buds and the lens of the eye, although the ability of the latter two organs to regenerate diminishes with advancing developmental stage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Activation of this transgene blocks regeneration of the tail and limb of Xenopus tadpoles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene over-expression analyses in Xenopus limb and tail regeneration have indicated that successful regeneration requires the re-activation of developmental FGF or BMP signalling pathways [ 8 - 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We examined the bioelectric properties (resting potential gradients in the epidermis) of Xenopus laevis froglets undergoing hindlimb amputation and observed that the contralateral (undamaged) limb exhibits apparent depolarization signals immediately after the opposite hindlimb is amputated. (biologists.com)
  • salamanders and newts), an order of tailed amphibians, is possibly the most adept vertebrate group at regeneration, given their capability of regenerating limbs, tails, jaws, eyes and a variety of internal structures. (wikipedia.org)
  • The whole limb of a salamander or a triton will grow again and again after amputation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The wound epithelium of N1 transgenic hindlimb buds, which forms over the cut surface of the limb bud after amputation, does not transition normally into the distal thickened apical epithelial cap. (biomedcentral.com)
  • N1 transgenic hindlimbs, which do not regenerate, do not form an apical epithelial cap or cone shaped blastema following amputation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After the limb or tail has been autotomized, cells move into action and the tissues will regenerate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once the wound is healed, the cells of the stump must mobilise under the wound epidermis and begin the process of replacing lost tissues, by forming a proliferating blastema. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The pattern of depolarization matches that of the amputated limb and is correlated to the position and type of injury, revealing that information about damage is available to remote body tissues and is detectable non-invasively in vivo by monitoring the bioelectric state. (biologists.com)
  • Using Affymetrix Gene Chip analysis, we have identified genes linked to regenerative success downstream of BMP signalling, including the BMP inhibitor Gremlin and the stress protein Hsp60 ( no blastema in zebrafish). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In some cases a shed limb can itself regenerate a new individual. (wikipedia.org)
  • All these strategies result in the re-establishment of appropriate tissue polarity, structure and form. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, the underlying mesenchyme remains rounded and does not expand to form a cone shaped blastema, a normal feature of successful regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • salamanders and newts), an order of tailed amphibians, is possibly the most adept vertebrate group at regeneration, given their capability of regenerating limbs, tails, jaws, eyes and a variety of internal structures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Limited regeneration of limbs occurs in most fishes and salamanders, and tail regeneration takes place in larval frogs and toads (but not adults). (wikipedia.org)
  • Regeneration is the ability to restore lost or damaged tissues, organs or limbs. (academickids.com)
  • Aside from being used to generally describe any number of specific healing processes, regeneration also is a specific method of healing that is noted for its ability to regrow lost limbs, severed nerve connections, and other wounds that mammals cannot heal. (academickids.com)
  • Limb regeneration in the axolotl has been extensively studied. (academickids.com)
  • If the processes behind regeneration are fully understood, it is believed this would lead to better treatment for individuals with nerve injuries, broken backs, paralysis, and missing limbs. (academickids.com)
  • Previous studies indicated that macrophages play a role during lens regeneration in newts, but their function has not been tested experimentally. (bvsalud.org)
  • Next, we used clodronate liposomes to deplete macrophages, which inhibited lens regeneration in both newt species. (bvsalud.org)
  • The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to promote transformative basic research on limb regeneration using animal models. (nih.gov)
  • The primary focus is on gaining insight into the body's own growth regulatory networks and processes that can be manipulated to promote limb regeneration in vertebrates including in mammals that might otherwise lack the capacity for regeneration. (nih.gov)
  • As a first step towards this goal, this announcement seeks to promote transformative basic research in animal models to identify key regulatory mechanisms that can be manipulated to drive limb regeneration in higher vertebrates (including in mammals) that might otherwise lack the capacity for regeneration. (nih.gov)
  • Some lower order vertebrates such as salamanders and newts are able regrow severed limbs through a process called e pimorphic regeneration . (nih.gov)
  • Epimorphic regeneration occurs through the formation of a blastema, a process that includes dedifferentiation, trans-differentiation, migration of adult stem cells to the site of injury and other morphogenetic events that allow proper tissue growth and patterning. (nih.gov)
  • Upon injury the axolotl generates a population of regeneration-competent limb progenitor cells known as the blastema, which will grow, establish pattern, and differentiate into the missing limb structures. (nih.gov)
  • We also discuss how the presence of cells from the different axes of the limb is required for the continued growth and establishment of pattern in the blastema as described in the polar coordinate model, and how this positional information is reprogrammed in blastema cells during regeneration. (nih.gov)
  • Multiple cell types from the mature limb stump contribute to the blastema at different stages of regeneration, and we discuss the contribution of these types to the regenerate with reference to whether they are "pattern-forming" or "pattern-following" cells. (nih.gov)
  • The axolotl is one of the few tetrapods that are capable of regenerating complicated biological structures, such as complete limbs, throughout adulthood. (nih.gov)
  • The case of autotomy, for example, serves as a defensive function as the animal detaches a limb or tail to avoid capture. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this review we focus on the crucial early events that occur during wound healing, the neural-epithelial interactions that drive the formation of the early blastema, and how these mechanisms differ from those of other species that have restricted regenerative potential, such as humans. (nih.gov)
  • This results in the formation of a blastema - or a layer of dedifferentiated cells. (academickids.com)
  • At the same time, pattern formation genes - such as Hox A and HoxD - are activated as they were when the limb was formed in the embryo. (academickids.com)
  • Motor neurons grow with the regenerated limb, and innervate the same target muscles they originally controlled. (academickids.com)
  • Additionally, an estimated 1.6 million people (2005 data) are living with limb injury or disease induced amputations and the number is expected to double by 2050. (nih.gov)
  • The entire process takes around 3 month in the adult - and the limb becomes fully functional. (academickids.com)
  • Together, our findings highlight the importance of macrophages in facilitating a pro-regenerative environment in the newt eye, helping to resolve fibrosis, modulating the overall inflammatory landscape and maintaining the proper balance of early proliferation and late apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • This initiative addresses an aspirational goal in the NICHD Strategic Plan titled ' advancing the ability to regenerate human limbs by using emerging technologies to activate the body's own growth pathways and processes' . (nih.gov)