Structure dentate gyrus. Medical search. Frequent questions

For example, the dentate gyrus converts input from the entorhinal cortex, where cells have multiple spatial fields, into the spatially more specific place cell activity characteristic of the CA3 region. (frontiersin.org)
Dentate gyrus granule cells receive excitatory neuron input from the entorhinal cortex and send excitatory output to the hippocampal CA3 region via the mossy fibers. (frontiersin.org)
The trisynaptic circuit consists of excitatory cells (mostly stellate cells) in layer II of the entorhinal cortex, projecting to the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus via the perforant path. (wikipedia.org)
3. The perforant path: projections from the entorhinal cortex to the dentate gyrus. (elsevier.com)
The hippocampal dentate gyrus is an important relay conveying sensory information from the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampus proper. (elifesciences.org)
Using dual-color in-vivo two-photon Ca 2+ imaging, we show that in immobile mice dentate granule cells generate sparse, synchronized activity patterns associated with entorhinal cortex activation. (elifesciences.org)
Labeling was also found in extrahypothalamic structures such as the piriform cortex, the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, the central grey matter, the pars compacta of the substantia nigra, the dorsal raphe nucleus, the entorhinal cortex, the dentate gyrus and the Ammon's horn. (nih.gov)
Situated between the hippocampus proper and the entorhinal cortex, the dentate gyrus is crucial for pattern separation and contributes to the flow of information within the hippocampus. (perexpteamworks.com)

For example, the dentate gyrus contains ~1 million granule cells in rodents, and ~10 million in humans. (frontiersin.org)
Hilar mossy cell circuitry controlling dentate granule cell excitability. (frontiersin.org)
The dentate gyrus, like the hippocampus, consists of three distinct layers: an outer molecular layer, a middle granule cell layer, and an inner polymorphic layer. (wikipedia.org)
The granule cells in the dentate gyrus are distinguished by their late time of formation during brain development. (wikipedia.org)
The oldest granule cells are generated in a specific region of the hippocampal neuroepithelium and migrate into the primordial dentate gyrus around embryonic days (E) 17/18, and then settle as the outermost cells in the forming granular layer. (wikipedia.org)
The granule cell precursors remain in a subgranular zone that becomes progressively thinner as the dentate gyrus grows, but these precursor cells are retained in adult rats. (wikipedia.org)
Given the increasing role of adult-generated new neurons in the function of the dentate gyrus, we also compare the response of newborn and mature granule cells following lesioning of the perforant path. (frontiersin.org)
There are also compensatory changes in dendritic structure and dendritic spines on the post-synaptic mature granule cells, including an initial reduction in dendritic complexity and spine counts, followed by a limited recovery, presumably based on axonal sprouting. (frontiersin.org)
10. Morphological development and maturation of granule neuron dendrites in the rate dentate gyrus. (elsevier.com)
11. Physiological studies of human dentate granule cells. (elsevier.com)
Using optogenetic inhibition, we show that granule cell activity is not only required during exploration, but also during immobility in order to form dentate gyrus-dependent spatial memories. (elifesciences.org)
In the dentate gyrus - a key component of spatial memory circuits - granule cells (GCs) are known to be morphologically diverse and to display heterogeneous activity profiles during behavior. (elifesciences.org)
1984. The reversal potential of excitatory amino acid action on granule cells of the rat dentate gyrus. (cdc.gov)

Finally, the dentate gyrus produces a very sparse coding scheme in which only a very small fraction of neurons are active at any one time. (frontiersin.org)
The dentate gyrus contains adult neural stem cells, and is a site for the creation of new neurons, while the CA3 region contains receptors for glucocorticoids, which are steroids that are elevated in the brain during stress. (ucsf.edu)
Neylan says the results raise the intriguing possibility that since the dentate gyrus has the ability to create new neurons, "these changes might actually be reversible through treatment. (ucsf.edu)
GABAergic inhibitory neurons (parvalbumin+ basket cells, red) in the mouse dentate gyrus, an important structure for learning and memory. (tufts.edu)
Nuclei of the CA3 neurons are labeled in green and their dendrites in red, and the smaller specks of green above represent axons projecting to the CA3 neurons from the dentate gyrus. (scitechdaily.com)
The researchers found that a protein called Npas4, previously identified as a master controller of gene expression triggered by neuronal activity, controls the strength of connections between neurons in the CA3 and those in another part of the hippocampus called the dentate gyrus. (scitechdaily.com)
This schematic shows two types of synaptic structures on CA3 neurons. (scitechdaily.com)
These neurons receive synaptic inputs from three different pathways, and scientists have hypothesized that one of these inputs, from the dentate gyrus, is critical for encoding new contextual memories. (scitechdaily.com)
Much work has focused on a region of the hippocampus called the dentate gyrus (DG), where rodents produce newborn neurons throughout life that are thought to help them form distinct new memories, among other cognitive functions. (technologynetworks.com)
These are 3-repeat tau-immunopositive bodies predominantly located in granular neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, and layer II of frontal and temporal cortices. (medscape.com)

Plasticity of the dentate gyrus during injury ( Perederiy and Westbrook, 2013 ). (frontiersin.org)
Structural plasticity in the dentate gyrus- revisiting a classic injury model. (frontiersin.org)
These studies provide insights not only to plasticity in the dentate gyrus, but also to the response of neural circuits to brain injury. (frontiersin.org)
One of the reasons for such interest is that this structure provides some of the most remarkable examples of plasticity within the nervous system. (elsevier.com)

The large green structure (center image) represents a synapse between a CA3 neuron and an incoming axon from the dentate gyrus. (scitechdaily.com)
Indeed, En2 -KO exhibits ~2-fold increases in stem cell proliferation and immature neuron apoptosis in the dentate gyrus, which implies that En2 activity in the brain can regulate proliferation and cell survival in the hippocampus. (confex.com)

Finally, the dentate gyrus is one of the few brain regions exhibiting adult neurogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
It is notable as being one of a select few brain structures which may have significant rates of adult neurogenesis in many species of mammals, from rodents to primates. (wikipedia.org)
However, whether significant neurogenesis exists in the adult human dentate gyrus has been a matter of debate. (wikipedia.org)
This is nowhere more true than in the dentate gyrus, where competing forces such as neurodegeneration and neurogenesis dynamically modify neuronal connectivity, and can occur simultaneously. (frontiersin.org)
28. Adult neurogenesis in the intact and epileptic dentate gyrus. (elsevier.com)
This ongoing neurogenesis occurs primarily in the dentate gyrus and is believed to contribute to learning, memory, and adaptive responses to the environment. (perexpteamworks.com)
At 2 to 3 years of age, hippocampal volume, neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, and cortisol levels were evaluated in the offspring generated from stressed and control pregnancies. (princeton.edu)
Results: Prenatal stress, both early and late in pregnancy, resulted in a reduced hippocampal volume and an inhibition of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. (princeton.edu)

It comprises two distinct regions, the hippocampus proper (also known as Ammon's horn) and the dentate gyrus. (perexpteamworks.com)

The dentate gyrus (DG) is part of the hippocampal formation in the temporal lobe of the brain, which also includes the hippocampus and the subiculum. (wikipedia.org)
More recent authorities revised the concept of the limbic lobe and refer to the limbic system , which includes the functionally interrelated limbic lobe (parahippocampal, cingulate, and subcallosal gyri), the amygdala, and the hippocampal formation and associated structures (see Table 19-1 ). (mhmedical.com)
The hippocampal formation (a more primitive cortical complex) is situated even closer to the diencephalon and is folded and rolled inward so that it is submerged below the parahippocampal gyrus. (mhmedical.com)
The hippocampus proper and the dentate gyrus, along with the subiculum, form the hippocampal formation, which plays a vital role in memory formation and spatial navigation. (perexpteamworks.com)
A subsection of the hippocampal formation, described by Lorente de No, that composes the hilus of the DENTATE GYRUS. (bvsalud.org)

6. Mossy fiber synaptic transmission: communicating from dentate gyrus to area CA3. (elsevier.com)
Neuroligin-1 regulates excitatory synaptic transmission, LTP and EPSP-spike coupling in the dentate gyrus in vivo. (mpg.de)

The hippocampus is a vital brain structure responsible for memory formation, spatial navigation, and learning. (perexpteamworks.com)
This structure enables spatial learning and navigation, allowing us to create cognitive maps of our environment and navigate through space effectively. (perexpteamworks.com)

While evidence of En2 expression in hippocampal dentate gyrus cells in vivo remains uncertain, we were able to show expression of En2 in neural precursor cultures. (confex.com)

In this Frontiers Research Topic series of papers, we collect important information about cells, synapses, and microcircuit elements of the dentate gyrus. (frontiersin.org)
Without Npas4, synapses coming from the dentate gyrus to CA3 failed to strengthen, and the mice could not form memories of the event. (scitechdaily.com)

To determine this, the research team produced a knockdown virus which eliminates IQSEC3 and injected it into the hippocampal dentate gyrus of mice, which showed a decrease in GABAergic synapse numbers and neurotransmission with severe seizures. (cureepilepsy.org)
However, the analysis of c-Fos expression indicated abnormal regional activity in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of Tg2576 mice. (cardiff.ac.uk)
Structural equation modelling also supported the view that activity within the amygdala was independent of hippocampal activity in Tg2576 mice (unlike control mice) and regional interaction between the dentate gyrus and CA3 region was disrupted. (cardiff.ac.uk)
Spontaneous appearance of infectivity has also been reported in transgenic mice expressing a mouse PrP C with 2 point mutations (170N and 174T) that subtly affect the structure of its globular domain ( 17 ). (cdc.gov)

Most lateral views of the dentate gyrus may appear to suggest a structure consisting of just one entity, but medial movement may provide evidence of the ventral and dorsal parts of the dentate gyrus. (wikipedia.org)

Our data thus support a sparse coding scheme in the dentate gyrus and provide a possible link between structural and functional heterogeneity among the GC population. (elifesciences.org)
The dentate gyrus (DG) is among the most sparse networks known to date. (elifesciences.org)

The polymorphic layer is also the hilus of the dentate gyrus (CA4, the junction of the hippocampus and dentate gyrus). (wikipedia.org)
Next, dentate precursor cells move out of this same area of the hippocampal neuroepithelium and, retaining their mitotic capacity, invade the hilus (core) of the forming dentate gyrus. (wikipedia.org)

Here we focus on the perforant path lesion, a brain injury model that interrupts the main excitatory input to the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. (frontiersin.org)

16. Somatostatin in the dentate gyrus. (elsevier.com)
The researchers found that the amount of somatostatin peptide, originally known to be secreted from hypothalamus, in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, was dramatically decreased. (cureepilepsy.org)

Because perforant path axons are lesioned at a site remote from the dentate, this model is particularly useful to evaluate axonal sprouting from other pathways terminating in the dentate gyrus. (frontiersin.org)

27. Structural reorganization of the dentate gyrus following entorhinal denervation - species differences between rat and mouse. (elsevier.com)

La capa granular la constituyen neuronas esféricas u ovales apelotonadas, denominadas CÉLULAS GRANULOSAS, cuyos AXONES atraviesan la capa multiforme para terminar sobre las DENDRITAS de las CÉLULAS PIRAMIDALES en el hipocampo. (bvsalud.org)

This limbic lobe consists of a ring of cortex outside the corpus callosum, largely made up of the subcallosal and cingulate gyri as well as the parahippocampal gyrus ( Fig 19-2 ). (mhmedical.com)

14. Functional regulation of the dentate gyrus by GABA-mediated inhibition. (elsevier.com)

More broadly, these studies indicate how the activities of developmental regulatory genes in diverse brain regions impact brain structure and function, and may contribute to our understanding of how ASD-related behaviors occur in the En2 -KO mouse. (confex.com)

The dentate gyrus receives no direct inputs from other cortical structures. (wikipedia.org)
The inputs that are selectively strengthened come from another part of the hippocampus called the dentate gyrus. (scitechdaily.com)

In this review, we summarize a classic injury model, lesioning of the perforant path, which removes the main extrahippocampal input to the dentate gyrus. (frontiersin.org)

Connectomics and lamellar organization of the dentate gyrus ( Sloviter and Lømo, 2012 ). (frontiersin.org)

Ideally, the dentate gyrus may serve as a blueprint, helping neuroscientists to define strategies to analyze network organization of other brain regions. (frontiersin.org)

The input region of the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus, plays a critical role in these processes. (frontiersin.org)
24. Platic processes in the dentate gyrus: a computational perspective. (elsevier.com)
Whereas in the acute phase of the disease immunoregulatory processes prevail in the hippocampus and the cortex, we observed a strong activation of neurogenic processes in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, both by gene expression and immunohistology starting as early as 3 days after infection. (biomedcentral.com)

Gyri and sulci of the cerebral hemisphere are named according to Von Bonin and Bailey ( The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta , 1947). (brainmaps.org)
"If you look at the underlying mechanism, the cocoa flavanols have beneficial effects for cardiovascular health and can increase cerebral blood volume in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus," according to lead authors Valentina Socci and Michele Ferrara from the University of L'Aquila in Italy. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
It includes phylogenetically ancient portions of the cerebral cortex, related subcortical structures, and fiber pathways that connect with the diencephalon and brain stem ( Tables 19-1 and 19-2 ). (mhmedical.com)

This curved structure consists of several subfields, including the cornu ammonis (CA1-CA4) regions, which are involved in memory processing and retrieval. (perexpteamworks.com)

2. Comparative anatomy of the hippocampal dentat gyrus in adult and developing rodents, non-human primates and humans. (elsevier.com)

The dentate gyrus is part of the hippocampal trisynaptic circuit and is thought to contribute to the formation of new episodic memories, the spontaneous exploration of novel environments and other functions. (wikipedia.org)
The hippocampus, a finger-joint size structure found in both hemispheres of the brain, is essential for laying down memories, as well as for retrieving them, explains study author Thomas C. Neylan, MD, director of the PTSD program at SFVAMC and a professor of psychiatry at UCSF. (ucsf.edu)

Most of the dentate gyrus is not exposed on the surface of the brain but the band of Giacomini is visible, and makes an important landmark of the inferior surface of the uncus. (wikipedia.org)
Reorganization following a brain injury inevitably perturbs the dynamic equilibrium, which can affect many aspects of neuronal structure and function including intrinsic neuronal properties, synaptic interactions, and connectivity within and between networks. (frontiersin.org)
The dentate gyrus is a part of the brain that has been a topic of intense interest since the beginning of neuroscience, and pioneering studies from the distant and recent past attest to this. (elsevier.com)
In naming structures in the macaque monkey brain, the atlas follows what is established English usage and as far as possible is consistent with the terminology applied in other mammalian species. (brainmaps.org)
MRI can be considered the preferred neuroimaging examination for Alzheimer disease because it allows accurate measurement of the 3-dimensional (3D) volume of brain structures, especially the size of the hippocampus and related regions. (medscape.com)
Shors has been training animals with a variety of tasks in a range of difficulty, requiring different responses and engaging different brain structures. (sfn.org)
A specific region of the hippocampus, a brain structure that is essential to memory, is significantly smaller in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder than in those without the condition, according to a study by researchers at the San Francisco VA Medical Center and UCSF. (ucsf.edu)
The hypothalamic and hypophyseal distribution of the receptor suggests an involvement of apelin in the control of neuro- and adenohypophyseal hormone release, whereas its presence in the pineal gland and in discrete higher brain structures points out to possible roles in the regulation of circadian rhythms and of water and food intake behavior. (nih.gov)
In this research, her research team uncovered a new molecular mechanism that mediates the GABAergic synaptic development by regulating neural circuit activity in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, in which IQSEC3 mediates higher brain functions such as memory and learning. (cureepilepsy.org)
Deep within the intricate web of the human brain lies a small, yet remarkable structure known as the hippocampus. (perexpteamworks.com)
The hippocampus is a curved structure nestled within the medial temporal lobe of the brain. (perexpteamworks.com)
For this purpose we evaluated the gene expression profile of the two brain structures predominantly affected by brain damage, i.e. the cortex and the hippocampus, at four different stages of the disease in an infant rat model. (biomedcentral.com)

Both of these structures undergo anatomical and functional changes during the course of Alzheimer's disease. (cardiff.ac.uk)

The hippocampus exhibits a unique anatomical structure that contributes to its functions. (perexpteamworks.com)
Consistent with previous reports, we found the porcine hippocampus to have the expected archicortical laminar structure, with some anatomical and histological features comparable to the rodent and others to the primate hippocampus. (eneuro.org)

8. Genetic regulation of dentate gyrus morphogenesis. (elsevier.com)

30. A behavioural analysis of dentate gyrus function. (elsevier.com)
To resolve structure-function relationships, we juxtacellularly recorded and labeled single GCs in freely moving rats. (elifesciences.org)
This revealed that IQSEC3 protein was a key factor in mediating the GABAergic synaptic structure and function. (cureepilepsy.org)

However, the dentate gyrus also shows structured activity during immobility and sleep. (elifesciences.org)

The researchers used magnetic resonance imaging to scan the brains of 40 veterans - 20 with combat-related PTSD and 20 without - and found that the region known as the CA3/dentate gyrus was more than 11 percent smaller on average in the veterans with PTSD. (ucsf.edu)

Conclusions: These findings indicate that the prenatal environment can alter behavior, dysregulate neuroendocrine systems, and affect the hippocampal structure of primates in a persistent manner. (princeton.edu)

One way to understand these properties of the dentate gyrus is to try to integrate experimental data into models, following the famous Hopfield quote: "Build it, and you understand it. (frontiersin.org)
This model has the experimental advantages of a highly laminated structure and allows analysis of not only the axonal response to injury, but also changes in dendrite morphology and synaptic reorganization. (frontiersin.org)

The kidney, a main organ within the renal system, filters blood to remove toxins via millions of structures called glomeruli, consisting of a tuft of blood vessels surrounded by a cuplike cellular structure known as Bowman's Capsule. (nih.gov)

During exploration, the dentate gyrus has been proposed to act as a pattern separator. (elifesciences.org)

Scientists have long understood that the hippocampus-a pair of seahorse-shaped structures in the brain's temporal lobes-plays a critical role in our ability to remember the who, what, where, and when of our daily lives. (technologynetworks.com)
For instance, the dentate gyrus is critical for distinguishing between similar environments, while CA3 enables us to recall a memory from partial cues (e.g. (technologynetworks.com)

25. Control of synaptic consolidation in the dentate gyrus: mechanisms, functions, and therapeutic implications. (elsevier.com)

Human mammary epithelial cells pull and twist rat-tail collagen fibers during their formation into a hollow duct-like structure. (tufts.edu)

9. Ultrastructure and synaptic connectivity of cell types in the adult rat dentate gyrus. (elsevier.com)

Anatomy26

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