• Reverse genetic analysis demonstrated that any one of the single mutations restored the infectivity of the defective chimeric genomes. (monash.edu)
  • Analyses of full-length genomes of over 300 ZIKV isolates revealed that one sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. (unl.edu)
  • Flavivirus genomes defective in the production of infectious virus particles are constructed by deletion of one or more structural proteins and are characterized as replicons. (univie.ac.at)
  • The UL33 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encodes a 130 amino acid (aa) protein that is essential for the cleavage of concatemeric viral DNA into monomeric genomes and their packaging into preformed capsids. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The Baculoviridae comprise a diverse group of occluded DNA viruses that contain large double-stranded DNA genomes of 80 - 180 kb and may encode up to 180 gene products. (mediu.edu.my)
  • To understand how baculoviruses replicate and process their genomes and the gene products that are involved in these events, a series of mutant virus constructs were generated using the Autographa californica multinucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) genome propagated as a bacteria artificial chromosome (bacmid). (mediu.edu.my)
  • A bacmid lacking the alkaline nuclease gene was able to replicate DNA to normal levels, however, this construct produced aberrant genomes and defective nucleocapsids, suggesting that alkaline nuclease was involved in processing viral genomes during replication. (mediu.edu.my)
  • Similarly, analysis of a bacmid lacking the single-stranded DNA binding protein DBP revealed that, although not absolutely required for DNA synthesis, DNA synthesis was reduced in the absence of DBP and no unit-length genomes could be detected from transfected cell extracts. (mediu.edu.my)
  • Bacterial CRISPR-Cas type II systems function by first incorporating short DNA 'spacers', derived from invading defective phage genomes, in the CRISPR array mostly located in their genome. (ircm.qc.ca)
  • In rare, isolated instances they involve primary mutations of dystroglycan itself, but more frequently are associated with mutations in genes involved in the post-translational modification of dystroglycan: the secondary dystroglycanopathies, but also the so-called tertiary dystroglycanopathies arising from mutations in metabolic enzymes and other proteins that are involved more generally in multiple glycosylation pathways and cellular roles that in turn also impinge on dystroglycan function. (enmc.org)
  • This virus has a small circular DNA genome, ≈3.2 kb in length, that contains 4 genes with partially overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). (cdc.gov)
  • Replace the structural proteins in the DNA version of the viral genome with reporter genes. (promegaconnections.com)
  • The involvement of viral DNA-binding proteins in the regulation of virulence genes, transcription, DNA replication, and repair make them significant targets. (mdpi.com)
  • The genetic study showed promising results in "silencing" the genes that translate into tau protein, the primary component behind dementia. (medicaldaily.com)
  • Gene therapy is a method for the treatment or prevention of disease that uses genes to provide the patient's somatic cells with the genetic information necessary to produce specific therapeutic proteins needed to correct or to modulate a disease. (pharmacy180.com)
  • Defective retroviral vectors are devoid of the genes encoding viral pro-teins but retain the ability to infect cells and insert their genes into the chromosomes of the target cells. (pharmacy180.com)
  • Removing these structural genes and inserting therapeutic genes in their place make muLV-based vectors. (pharmacy180.com)
  • In addition, since the gene encoding the A56 protein is non-essential, it can be used as an insertion point for foreign genes and has been deleted in some viruses that are in clinical development as oncolytic agents. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • information of Transgenic Hybrid Squash ZW-20 Expressing the Coat Protein Genes of Zucchini Yellow particular Virus and Watermelon infectious Virus 2 to many transgenes by Both commercials. (be-mindful.de)
  • multifunctional combustion Against Rice periodic development nitrogen uses transgenic in Transgenic Rice Plants Expressing Double-Stranded RNA of the Viral Genes for Nucleocapsid or Movement Proteins as Targets for RNA Interference. (be-mindful.de)
  • Genes that encode the proteins of complement components or their isotypes are distributed throughout different chromosomes, with 19 genes comprising 3 significant complement gene clusters in the human genome. (medscape.com)
  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small enveloped virus with a positive-sense single stranded RNA genome. (monash.edu)
  • The hepatitis C virus is a bloodborne virus and most infection occur through exposure to blood from unsafe injection practices, unsafe health care, unscreened blood transfusions, injection drug use and sexual practices that lead to exposure to blood. (icpcovid.com)
  • Globally, an estimated 58 million people have chronic hepatitis C virus infection, with about 1.5 million new infections occurring per year. (icpcovid.com)
  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) enters the liver through the hepatic artery and the portal vein. (icpcovid.com)
  • Several clinical observations point to an intricate crosstalk between iron (Fe) metabolism and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Our earlier study has demonstrated that hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated cholesterol plays a key role in virus infectivity. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Newly acquired symptomatic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Antibody to hepatitis C virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Hepatitis C virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid. (cdc.gov)
  • Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a slowly progressing fatal human disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is associated with measles virus persistence. (substack.com)
  • She also studies the structures of enveloped viruses like HIV, measles virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and the flu virus. (wisc.edu)
  • In infection with the morbillivirus prototype measles virus (MeV), cellular and humoral immunity contribute to protection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this thesis, a chimeric JFH1 genome that encodes the p7 protein of genotype (GT) 1b strain J4 was generated. (monash.edu)
  • The viral particle is composed of a protein capsid that contains a positive-sense RNA molecule of about 8,500 nucleotides that is infectious and encodes a single polyprotein, which is processed in infected cells by cis - and trans -acting viral proteases ( 55 ) to yield different polypeptide precursors and the mature viral proteins ( 9 , 62 ). (asm.org)
  • The viral genome encodes four structural capsid proteins (VP1 to VP4) and seven nonstructural (NS) proteins, the leader Lb/ab protease, and proteins encoded in the P2 (2B and 2C) and P3 (3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D) regions ( 9 ). (asm.org)
  • The genome of the flavivirus TBEV consists of a single, positive-strand RNA molecule which encodes three structural and seven non-structural proteins. (univie.ac.at)
  • These data suggest that mutations within E1 or E2 can compensate for the reduction in infectivity observed for HVR1 deleted viruses. (monash.edu)
  • In summary, this thesis demonstrates the importance of functional interactions between HCV proteins during virus morphogenesis and infectivity. (monash.edu)
  • Ten antibodies were identified that neutralized the infectivity of H5 influenza viruses in cell culture. (virology.ws)
  • The key result is that the monoclonal antibodies neutralize infectivity not only of H5 viruses, but also viruses of 9 other HA subtypes. (virology.ws)
  • In this study, the structural requirement of sterols for infectivity, buoyant density and apolipoprotein association of HCV was investigated further. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Nature Structural & Molecular Biology (accepted) (2023). (deylab.com)
  • and the X protein (X gene). (cdc.gov)
  • Here, we report on the clinical impact of a novel NiV-derived nonspreading replicon particle lacking the fusion (F) protein gene (NiVF) as a vaccine in three small animal models of disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Analysis of the Sendai virus M gene and protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The gene products investigated were very late expression factor-1 (VLF-1), DNA polymerase, alkaline nuclease, the single-stranded DNA binding protein (DBP), and those encoded from the open reading frames, Ac 101, Ac 142, and Ac 144. (mediu.edu.my)
  • Finally, the gene products encoded by open reading frames Ac 101, Ac 142, and Ac144, while expendable for DNA synthesis, were shown to be components of the nucleocapsid from budded virus, and bacmids lacking these gene products were deficient in nucleocapsid production. (mediu.edu.my)
  • The promise of gene therapy is to overcome limitations associated with the administration of therapeutic proteins, including low bio-availability, inadequate pharmacokinetic profiles, and high manufacturing cost. (pharmacy180.com)
  • Viral gene transfer utilizes a genetically modified natural virus with a part of the viral genome replaced by a therapeutic gene (called transgene ) and making the virus replication deficient. (pharmacy180.com)
  • Several different viral vectors have been developed for gene therapy, including ret-rovirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV). (pharmacy180.com)
  • They carry an inherent risk of mutagenesis by inserting their genome (called insertion mutagenesis) within a functional gene, which can compromise the functionality of a critical normal human protein. (pharmacy180.com)
  • Although a small number of 3' regulatory regions have been identified and validated so far, many studies have shown that plant 3' regulatory regions have a higher potential to regulate gene expression in plants compared to widely used 3' regulatory regions, such as NOS and OCS from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and 35S from cauliflower mosaic virus. (frontiersin.org)
  • Deletion of the A56R gene results in varying effects on vaccinia virus virulence. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The protein encompassing the predicted MetT-PCP domains of HEV ORF1 was tested for deubiquitinating activity using fluorogenic substrates - ubiquitin-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC), IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15)-AMC, Nedd8-AMC and SUMO-AMC. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Field Evaluation of Transgenic Squash Containing Single or Multiple Virus Coat Protein Gene Constructs for Resistance to Cucumber vertical Virus, Watermelon other Virus 2, and Zucchini Yellow yellow Virus. (be-mindful.de)
  • 35S RNA Interference Targeting V2 Gene of Cotton Leaf Curl Kokhran Virus-Burewala Strain Can remain Resistance in Transgenic Cotton Plants. (be-mindful.de)
  • Broad Spectrum Resistance to ssDNA Viruses Associated with Transgene-Induced Gene Silencing in Cassava. (be-mindful.de)
  • Expression and Purification of Human Bcl-2 Residues 1-218 of the Bcl-2 gene (UniProt entry "type":"entrez-protein","attrs":"text":"P10415″,"term_id":"231632″P10415) were optimized for expression in (GeneArt, Life Technologies) and cloned into a pET28a vector with an N-terminal His6-MBP solubility tag with a TEV cleavage site to remove the tag. (immune-source.com)
  • Resolution of the X-ray structure of one of the monclonal antibodies bound the the H5 HA protein revealed that the antibody binding site is a hydrophobic pocket on the stem of the HA molecule. (virology.ws)
  • We also show that a nanobody (a single-domain antibody) that interferes with FluPol A dimerization inhibits the synthesis of vRNA and, consequently, inhibits virus replication in infected cells. (nature.com)
  • We have previously described R1a-B6, an alpaca-derived single domain antibody (nanobody), that is capable of potent cross-subtype neutralization in vitro of H1N1, H5N1, H2N2, and H9N2 influenza viruses, through binding to a highly conserved epitope in the influenza hemagglutinin stem region. (frontiersin.org)
  • The classical pathway is triggered by interaction of the Fc portion of an antibody (immunoglobulin [Ig] M, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3) or C-reactive protein with C1q. (medscape.com)
  • 3) T cell deficiencies result usually in combined immunodeficiencies (CIDs), where both T cells and antibody production are defective. (lu.se)
  • At Harvard Medical School, Huang continued to study how mutant strains produced by rabies-like virus interfered with further growth of the viral infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a result, Us9 null mutants are defective in anterograde transmission of infection in vivo. (princeton.edu)
  • This immense worldwide reservoir of infection serves as the basis for the generation of HBV mutants because of the unique molecular biology of this virus. (cdc.gov)
  • We utilized a system to package TBEV replicons into virus particles to allow the infection of different cell types to study different aspects of the flavivirus biology including RNA recombination and packaging. (univie.ac.at)
  • Here, we revisit the use of rodent-adapted and non-adapted Ebola virus (EBOV) in mice to investigate infection tolerance and future utility of these models in pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention studies. (cdc.gov)
  • Infection with Lassa virus (LASV), the etiologic agent of LF, results in a spectrum of clinical signs in humans, including severe and lethal hemorrhagic disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Respiratory epithelium appears to be the major site of virus binding and subsequent infection. (medscape.com)
  • Currently, there is no information regarding the effect of IFN therapy in infection with Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in swine. (usda.gov)
  • Here, we report the effect of IFN-alpha treatment (delivered by a replication defective human adenovirus type 5, Ad5) on the course of experimental infection of swine infected with the highly virulent CSFV Brescia strain. (usda.gov)
  • Despite efforts made over past decades, there is no vaccine or treatment available for preventing and controlling the ASF virus (ASFV) infection, and there is an urgent need to develop novel strategies. (mdpi.com)
  • Apoptosis induced in vitro and in vivo during infection by Ebola and Marburg viruses. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Ebola virus glycoprotein directly triggers T lymphocyte death despite of the lack of infection. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Whether your research is focused on slowing the infection via targeting viral replication or combat the virus by gaining insights on potential repurposed treatments-we have all the tools needed for your cutting edge COVID-19 research. (chromnet.net)
  • Moreover, The use of animals as surrogate rine host, can provide a platform for animal models for tumour viruses in hosts for the study of human tu- in vivo infection. (who.int)
  • Newly acquired symptomatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, re-emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases including congenital microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. (unl.edu)
  • Powassan virus (POWV) is an emerging tick-borne Flavivirus that causes lethal encephalitis and long-term neurologic damage. (bvsalud.org)
  • In contrast, recombinant viruses with deletion of VNDT motif (m1MR) or mutation of N-linked glycosylation site (m2MR), were highly attenuated and non-lethal. (unl.edu)
  • However, the number of infected cells was generally too low to allow efficient complementation and therefore no passages could be performed to select recombinant viruses. (univie.ac.at)
  • 2004). Moreover, recombinant viruses harboring N^pro mutations abrogating the ability to degrade IRF3 and thus preventing IFN-alpha/Beta induction were not attenuated in swine (Ruggli et al. (usda.gov)
  • Recombinant MR766 (rMR) virus recovered from the full-length cDNA clone mimicked growth and pathogenic properties of the parental virus both in vitro and in vivo. (unl.edu)
  • 2007). We discover that ISWI is certainly a RanGTP-dependent microtubule-associated proteins (MAP) in vitro. (researchensemble.com)
  • Finally, the mutant receptor hGRαV575G demonstrated impaired interaction with the LXXLL motif of the glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein 1 coactivator in vitro and in computer-based structural simulation via its defective activation function-2 (AF-2) domain. (qxmd.com)
  • These in vitro, and their expression in these human tumour virus. (who.int)
  • Alice Huang's research focused on defective interfering particles (DIPs) which can be utilized to combat viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Upon co-expression of TBEV replicons and the structural proteins CprME employing the alphavirus vector VEEV in BHK-21 cells, packaged replicons were recovered which were only capable of infecting a cell once and were termed single round infectious particles (SIPs). (univie.ac.at)
  • The invention also provides scrambled AAV capsids and virus particles comprising the same. (justia.com)
  • Substitution of Val 113 in Sendai virus (SeV) M protein generates non-functional polypeptides, characterized by their exclusion from virus particles and by their ability to interfere with virus particle production. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • In this technique, recombinant HA protein (the H5 subtype) was used to bind bacteriophage particles that bear on their surfaces variable chains of human antibodies. (virology.ws)
  • One solution might be to produce defective particles in producer cell lines. (virology.ws)
  • An understanding of immunoassay reactivity with HBsAg mutants is key to establishing an appropriate testing algorithm for hepatitis B virus detection programs. (cdc.gov)
  • Over the past decade, the importance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutants has made a transition from an academic phenomenon of unknown prevalence to a factor for consideration during disease diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Since the late l980s, we have seen the emergence of mutants across the entire HBV genome as the virus responds to selective pressures, such as vaccination and antiviral therapy. (cdc.gov)
  • This thesis describes the creation and characterisation of a number of UL33 insertion mutants in an effort to examine structure-function relationships within this protein and gain further insights into its function. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Sixteen distinct mutants, encoding polypeptides with 5 aa insertions located at 14 separate positions throughout the protein, were generated. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The abilities of these mutants to complement the DNA packaging and growth defects of viruses lacking functional copies of UL33 (the null mutant dlUL33 and the temperature sensitive mutant ts1233) were examined. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Nine of the mutants were defective in both assays, and the capacity of all 16 mutants to support DNA packaging correlated precisely with their ability to complement virus growth. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Although all sixteen mutants appeared to interact with UL28 in co-immunoprecipitation experiments, four of the insertion mutants were defective in co-localisation with UL28 in immunofluorescence assays. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Surprisingly, no clear evidence was obtained that any of the 16 mutants was defective in interactions with UL6, UL15, UL25 or UL28. (gla.ac.uk)
  • By the same token, the reason(s) why nine of the 16 mutants are defective in DNA packaging remains unclear, but does not appear to be associated with their ability to form known protein-protein interactions or to localise to sites of DNA packaging. (gla.ac.uk)
  • A protein phosphatase 1 inhibitor, 1E7-03, and siRNA-mediated suppression of viral antigens were used to demonstrate de novo synthesis of viral RNAs and antigens in CD4 + T cells, respectively. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • The A56 protein is capable of binding two viral proteins, a serine protease inhibitor (K2) and the vaccinia virus complement control protein (VCP), and anchoring them to the surface of infected cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Binds and inhibits the conjugation of the ubiquitin-like G1P2/ISG15 protein to its target proteins. (cusabio.com)
  • ClpP and ClpX form a continuous pore instead, with ClpX unfolding target proteins and forwarding them to the proteolytic chamber of ClpP for degradation in a regulated manner. (mpg.de)
  • At Harvard, Huang served as coordinator of the Virology Unit at the Channing Laboratories of Infectious Diseases at Boston Medical Center for two years, and as director of the "Virus-Host Interactions in Cancer" training program (funded by the National Cancer Institute) for fifteen years. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using this approach, the functional interactions of p7 and E2 with other viral proteins during HCV replication was investigated. (monash.edu)
  • Novel interactions were also demonstrated between UL33 and the HSV-1 DNA packaging proteins UL6 and UL25. (gla.ac.uk)
  • It is therefore not yet possible to conclude whether the observed interactions of UL33 with these four proteins are essential for viral DNA packaging. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Dr. Sylvain Moineau is a professor in the Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics at the Faculty of Sciences and Engineering of Laval University, where his work focuses on understanding the interactions between phages and bacteria, using an integrative approach combining omics data (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics) and structural biology. (ircm.qc.ca)
  • FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
  • Mutations that occur within the immunodominant epitopes of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) allow mutant virus to propagate in the presence of a neutralizing immune response, while wild-type virus is reduced to undetectable levels. (cdc.gov)
  • The authors circumvented this problem by selecting antibodies using a soluble form of the HA protein, which is not subject to such steric constraints. (virology.ws)
  • Additional screening of human antibodies with soluble HA protein will presumably address this issue. (virology.ws)
  • SHuffle T7 (New England Biolabs) gave the highest level of overexpression of soluble BECN1 fusion proteins and was used for subsequent experiments. (immune-source.com)
  • To investigate the emergence of compensatory mutations in the viral proteins during cell passaging, the consensus sequences of the entire polyprotein coding regions of the wild type JFH1 and three chimeric viruses were determined. (monash.edu)
  • Using a circular polymerase extension reaction (CPER), we generated recombinant LI9 (recLI9) POWVs with attenuating NS1 protein mutations and a recLI9-split-eGFP reporter virus. (bvsalud.org)
  • This system separates mutations that (1) result in decreased synthesis of the protein (Glu117Stop or Type II) producing no measurable FXI in the homozygous state, (2) abnormal dimerization of the protein (Phe283Leu or Type III) producing approximately 10% of FXI in the homozygous state, or (3) dimerization that results in the FXI protein to be poorly secreted (Ser225Phe and Cys398Tyr). (medscape.com)
  • To address the changes in the viral genome that may have led to increased virulence of the virus, I constructed an infectious cDNA clone for the historical ZIKV isolate MR766. (unl.edu)
  • The mutant viruses replicated poorly in the brain of infected mice when inoculated subcutaneously but replicated well following intracranial inoculation, suggesting that the N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion. (unl.edu)
  • Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) nonstructural protein 3A plays important roles in virus replication, virulence, and host range. (asm.org)
  • In addition to its role in protein degradation ClpP is also a global regulator in the production of bacterial toxins - termed virulence factors - that are mainly responsible for the disease-causing effect of bacteria. (mpg.de)
  • But what if we could bypass the restrictive facility requirements by engineering a synthetic, replication-defective version of SARS-CoV-2 that more researchers could use to study the pandemic coronavirus, expanding the capacity to test and develop methods to attenuate its devastating effect on humans? (promegaconnections.com)
  • This replication-defective SARS-CoV-2 could be created to encode as much or as little of the genome needed to examine its lifecycle without becoming a fully infectious virus. (promegaconnections.com)
  • In fact, this replication-defective version of SARS-CoV-2 could include additional genetic elements that could be used to control its expression, track the virus in cells and measure the level of its replication. (promegaconnections.com)
  • Create separate constructs for the membrane and envelope structural proteins that can be added to cultured cells for packaging the replication-defective virus. (promegaconnections.com)
  • Current vaccines are based on live attenuated viruses that control the disease but cannot differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (the so-called DIVA approach) [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The last decade has been marked by two eminent discoveries that have changed our perception of the virology field: The discovery of giant viruses and a distinct new class of viral agents that parasitize their viral factories, the virophages. (mdpi.com)
  • Virology Journal is an open access, peer reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of virology, including research on the viruses of animals, plants and microbes. (beds.ac.uk)
  • It is a burgeoning technology that can help UW-Madison researchers make significant new contributions to many areas of structural biology, including enzymology, virology, cell biology, and medicine. (wisc.edu)
  • That is, the virus can get into a cell or be introduced into cells and replicate but is unable to produce infectious virus would offer a pathway to expand research capacity without the use of special laboratory facilities. (promegaconnections.com)
  • By synthesizing the viral genome, there is no need to work with an infectious virus at any point when creating this version of SARS-CoV-2. (promegaconnections.com)
  • The parallel we need to evaluate is that the S protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus also persists without the presence of infectious virus, but it travels via extracellular vesicles. (substack.com)
  • A variety of extracellular stimuli including mitogens, cytokines, antigens, stress inducing agents, UV light and viral proteins initiate a signal transduction pathway that ultimately leads to NF-κB release and activation. (justia.com)
  • Moreover, in addition to our understanding of the glycosylation of dystroglycan, much insight has also been gained into the functional roles of dystroglycan, not only in the bran and muscle, but also in other cells types, and the implication that the defective processing of this protein has with respect to role in Lassa fever virus infections. (enmc.org)
  • A combined computational strategy of sequence and structural analysis predicts the existence of a functional eicosanoid pathway in Drosophila melanogaster. (cuny.edu)
  • 2002. Genetic organization of Iris yellow spot virus M RNA: indications for functional homology between the Gc. (esciencepress.net)
  • Dr. Huang and Dr. Baltimore unraveled that RNA viruses were different and used RNA polymerase to replicate its RNA genome, but they discovered an enzyme, reverse transcriptase (in a mouse leukemia retrovirus), that converts RNA to DNA (involved in a process now known as reverse transcription). (wikipedia.org)
  • Since the reverse transcriptase activity of the HBV polymerase protein lacks a proofreading function, random mis-incorporation of bases into the replicating DNA strand occurs. (cdc.gov)
  • Defective forms of L-RNA containing core polymerase regions were observed. (esciencepress.net)
  • The L-protein had high identity in the "core-polymerase domain" with the corresponding regions of other tospoviruses. (esciencepress.net)
  • 1995. An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity associated virions of tomato spotted wilt virus, a plant and insect-infecting Bunyavirus. (esciencepress.net)
  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) ORF1 protein (pORF1) contains methyltransferase (MetT), papain-like cysteine protease (PCP), RNA helicase (Hel) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domains. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Based on its molecular genetic characteristics, the virus has been classified into the Hepacivirus genus of the family Flaviviridae. (monash.edu)
  • Molecular modeling and computational analyses suggests that the Sinorhizobium meliloti periplasmic regulator protein ExoR adopts a superhelical fold and is controlled by a unique mechanism of proteolysis. (cuny.edu)
  • A molecular model of the FMDV 3A protein, derived from the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure of the poliovirus 3A protein, predicted a hydrophobic interface spanning residues 25 to 44 as the main determinant for 3A dimerization. (asm.org)
  • Dystrophin associates with a number of proteins to form a large oligomeric complex named the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), which bridges across the sarcolemma and connects the extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton (Allamand and Campbell, (2000) Human Molecular Genetics 9:2459-2467). (justia.com)
  • Molecular cloning and characterization of a Sendai virus internal deletion defective RNA. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Understanding at the molecular level how these proteins impact neuronal cell structure and function may support the development of new therapeutic and curative approaches. (wisc.edu)
  • Scientists from the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology in Dortmund and from the Technical University of Munich have now unveiled the first high-resolution 3D structure of the protein degrading complex ClpX-ClpP and thus created an important structural basis for future pharmacological applications. (mpg.de)
  • VSV-G, vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein. (rupress.org)
  • Since the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is also glycosylated and known to play a role in transmission and pathogenicity, I mutated the glycosylation sites in NS1 (N130 and N207) individually or in combination in the background of m2MR virus. (unl.edu)
  • They studied the inhibition of cellular RNA synthesis by nonreplicating vesicular stomatitis virus, known to infect horses, cattle and swine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Remove the coding sequences for structural proteins responsible for generating a virus that can infect more cells. (promegaconnections.com)
  • For this reason, the infect humans, this virus can infect cordance between humans and ex- question about tumour site concor- several other species - including perimental animals. (who.int)
  • In addition, based on a series of assays to determine the cause for the non-infectious phenotype, it was revealed that VLF-1, a putative recombinase and transcriptional activator was also an essential structural component of the capsid and appeared to possess an enzymatic function related to its role as a recombinase during the final stages of DNA encapsidation. (mediu.edu.my)
  • The base pair length genome carrying capacity of a virus is limited by the size of genome that can be accommodated within the capsid. (pharmacy180.com)
  • For example, phages can bypass CRISPR immunity through point mutation or deletion of the CRISPR target or PAM in their genome as well as by the production of anti-CRISPR proteins (ACRs). (ircm.qc.ca)
  • The etiological agent, CSF virus (CSFV), is an enveloped virus with a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome, classified as a member of the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae (Becher et al. (usda.gov)
  • Hep B is a DNA virus with reverse transcriptase activity, while Hep C is a positive single stranded RNA virus. (icpcovid.com)
  • This genus of single-stranded negative sense enveloped RNA viruses causes relevant diseases (like measles or canine distemper) in human and animals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The authors of one study identified human antibodies against influenza virus by phage display. (virology.ws)
  • How the viral proteins functionally interact during replication of HCV in cell culture is not completely understood. (monash.edu)
  • Our results suggest that glycosylation of both E and NS1 proteins plays an important role in virus pathogenicity, and m5MR virus could be developed as a live attenuated viral vaccine for ZIKV. (unl.edu)
  • We previously developed a virus-like replicon particle (VRP) vaccine that provides complete protection against homologous and heterologous lethal CCHFV challenge in mice after a single dose. (cdc.gov)
  • This virus replicon particle system provides a vital tool to the field and demonstrates utility as a highly efficacious and safe vaccine candidate that can be administered parenterally or mucosally to protect against lethal Nipah disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza virus undergoes antigenic variation, necessitating annual production of a new vaccine. (virology.ws)
  • Is it possible to formulate an influenza vaccine that protects against all virus strains for life? (virology.ws)
  • If the globular head of the HA is removed, the virus will not be infectious and cannot be propagated for vaccine production. (virology.ws)
  • As a correlate, the development of HBV vaccine has been straightforward: just using the S protein. (icpcovid.com)
  • Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine in preventing Ebola virus disease: final results from the Guinea ring vaccination, open-label, cluster-randomised trial (Ebola Ca Suffit! (prolekarniky.cz)
  • 1992. Characterization of distinct isolate of tomato spotted wilt virus TSWV. (esciencepress.net)
  • In this context, the group has also made lots of progress in the biochemical and structural characterization of the protease. (mpg.de)
  • Here, I interrogated the role of this sequence motif and glycosylation of the E protein in pathogenicity of ZIKV. (unl.edu)
  • Note: The complete sequence including tag sequence, target protein sequence and linker sequence could be provided upon request. (cusabio.com)
  • When you can synthesize the DNA sequence from scratch, removing the structural elements responsible for infectiousness and replacing them with other coding sequences is easy. (promegaconnections.com)
  • The best yields were attained with an N-terminal affinity tag made up of a polyhistidine sequence and either the maltose binding proteins (MBP) Goat polyclonal to IgG (H+L)(Biotin) or the chaperone protein AB1010 cell signaling Result in AB1010 cell signaling Aspect (TF). (immune-source.com)
  • Since G1P2/ISG15 is an early antiviral protein, NS1 may inhibit the host antiviral response. (cusabio.com)
  • IFITM3 is an immune system protein that can inhibit virus entry into cells and it is produced as an early response to virus infections. (medicalresearch.com)
  • for example, the proteins factor H and factor I inhibit the formation of the enzyme C3 convertase of the alternative pathway. (medscape.com)
  • 3] A registry of complement deficiencies has been established as a means to promote joint projects on treatment and prevention of diseases associated with defective complement function. (medscape.com)
  • The important components of this system are various cell membrane-associated proteins such as complement receptor 1 (CR1), complement receptor 2 (CR2), and decay accelerating factor (DAF). (medscape.com)
  • Deficiency of any of these regulatory proteins results in a state of overactivation of the complement system, with damaging inflammatory effects. (medscape.com)
  • It recognizes proteins that are labelled for degradation, unfolds them while consuming energy and then directs them into the barrel-like degradation chamber of the protease. (mpg.de)
  • Left: The central pore of the ClpP protease is closed and entry of folded proteins into the proteolytic chamber is not allowed. (mpg.de)
  • Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
  • Her group is resolving the structures of viruses and viral proteins during the processes of virus entry, replication, assembly, and maturation. (wisc.edu)
  • In addition, the isolation of virophages has led us to discover previously unknown features displayed by their host viruses and cells. (mdpi.com)
  • The recently developed HCV cell culture system, based on the JFH1 strain of HCV, has provided an opportunity to study the role of the viral proteins in the complete HCV replication cycle in human hepatoma cells. (monash.edu)
  • We conclude that association of Us9 with lipid rafts is key for efficient targeting of structural proteins to axons and, as a consequence, for directional spread of PRV from pre-synaptic to post-synaptic neurons and cells of the mammalian nervous system. (princeton.edu)
  • It prevents human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cells from multiplying in your body. (itradeeximm.com)
  • NS proteins are involved in crucial aspects of the viral cycle and pathogenesis, such as rearrangements of intracellular membranes required for endomembrane recruitment and the lysis of host cells ( 1 , 12 , 14 , 18 , 73 ). (asm.org)
  • When expressed as a recombinant protein in transfected cells, PV 3A cofractionates with endoplasmic reticulum markers ( 66 ), and its single transient expression can disrupt the secretory apparatus ( 23 ) and decrease major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression ( 22 ). (asm.org)
  • Here using a recombinant virus encoding a NS1B protein defective in ISG15 binding, the authors show that NS1B counteracts ISGylation-mediated antiviral activity by binding and sequestering ISGylated viral proteins, primarily ISGylated viral nucleoprotein, in infected cells. (cusabio.com)
  • Glycine substitutions of the SH3-BM (aa 122-127) within NS1 protein lead to enhanced viral replication in human cells. (cusabio.com)
  • Another advantage to building the SARS-CoV-2 from the ground up is that the codons used for synthesizing the needed viral proteins can be optimized for mammalian cells. (promegaconnections.com)
  • Without the membrane and envelope proteins that make up most of the viral particle outer layer, the virus is incapable of infecting other cells. (promegaconnections.com)
  • By integrating a large-scale analysis to quantify mRNA levels by smFISH and protein levels by flow cytometry in single cells, we found that mean expression and noise are uncorrelated across genomic locations. (siddharthdey.com)
  • The viruses attach to the host cells through hemagglutinin, which specifically combines with neuraminic acid receptors in the host cells. (medscape.com)
  • Viruses have evolved to efficiently penetrate cells and transfer their genetic material into host cells (a process called transduction ). (pharmacy180.com)
  • Expression of phosphorylation-defective PLIN5 S155A in Plin5 null cells resulted in decreased rates of lipolysis and triglyceride-derived fatty acid oxidation. (uci.edu)
  • DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
  • Ebola virus: the role of macrophages and dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • In addition, after transcription, a wide array of RNA-binding proteins interacts with cis -acting elements located mainly in the 3' untranslated region, determining the fate of mRNAs in eukaryotic cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Flagella are used for motility and Wright and her research group want to determine why some cells have flagella comprised of a single flagellin protein while others have multiple copies of different flagellins. (wisc.edu)
  • One of these, gp120, is a surface viral protein and is particularly diabolical, and crucial for the virus to bind and recognise helper T cells. (fieldofscience.com)
  • Proteins expression for every group of vectors was examined in five strains of 1 Shot BL21 Star (DE3) (ThermoFisher), Arctic Express (Stratagene), Origami B(DE3) (Novagen), SHuffle T7(New England BioLabs), and SHuffle K12 competent AB1010 cell signaling cells (New England BioLabs). (immune-source.com)
  • Large-scale expression of BECN1 fusion proteins was performed by growing cultures in TB at 37C with orbital shaking at 180 rpm to mid-log phase (A600 ~ 0.6C0.8), cooling cultures to 18C for 30 min before induction with 0.5 mM isopropyl cells (ThermoFisher). (immune-source.com)
  • Matriglycan is indeed a scaffold for multiple laminin-G (LG) domain-containing extracellular matrix proteins (e.g. laminin, agrin, and perlecan) and it has the remarkable capacity to be tuned during skeletal muscle development and regeneration. (enmc.org)
  • Here, we survey on one of the NLS protein, ISWI, originally characterized being a chromatin-remodeling ATPase (Dark brown et al. (researchensemble.com)
  • While originally characterized as a haemagglutinin protein, A56 has other functions as well. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The Matrix protein (the one that holds the virus together, that gives it its structure as a complete virion) is NOT translated. (substack.com)
  • Lipid-specific oligomerization of the Marburg virus matrix protein VP40 is regulated by two distinct interfaces for virion assembly. (uci.edu)
  • The HCV glycoproteins E1 and E2 are present on the surface of virions as a heterodimer that attach virions to host cell receptors and facilitate virus fusion and entry. (monash.edu)
  • All mutant viruses grew to titers similar to the rMR virus in cell culture except the m5MR virus (triple glycosylation defective), which grew to lower titers. (unl.edu)
  • The development of cell free systems and biochemical assays will be an important step in further characterising these proteins. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Cell 75:495, 1993), and a series of unique E6-AP homologous proteins have been identified (Huibregtse et al. (justia.com)
  • Hence HBV can be treated with some nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors such as Tenofovir, but it is not an easy virus to treat, because it can integrate into the host cell. (icpcovid.com)
  • MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
  • while both proteins have biologically relevant functions at the cell surface, neither one can locate there on its own. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The proteolytic chamber is now accessible for unfolded proteins, leading to unregulated protein degradation and cell death. (mpg.de)
  • and Scripps Research Institute researchers for solving the structures of two key proteins that HIV uses to hijack cell machinery. (fieldofscience.com)
  • They reveal the crystal structure of the virus surface protein gp120 from the simian immunodeficiency virus, which is closely related to HIV.The researchers studied the structure of the protein as it is before it binds to a helper T cell, a type of immune cell that HIV infects. (fieldofscience.com)
  • One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
  • Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
  • cell for the virus is placed in a mu- studies costly and difficult. (who.int)
  • These results show that LMP1 , mour viruses classified by IARC in EBV-specific T-cell response. (who.int)
  • Marburg virus (MARV) is a lipid-enveloped virus harboring a negative sense RNA genome, which has caused sporadic outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic fever in Sub-Saharan Africa. (uci.edu)
  • A small protein of 63 amino acids, p7 is encoded at the junction of the structural and non-strucutural region. (monash.edu)
  • These replacements also led to production of infective viruses that replaced the acidic residues introduced (E) by nonpolar amino acids, indicating that preservation of the hydrophobic interface is essential for virus replication. (asm.org)
  • The invention relates to methods for directed evolution and in vivo panning of adeno-associated virus vectors as well as optimized AAV capsids and virus vectors comprising the same. (justia.com)
  • Adeno-associated virus (AAV) was first reported to efficiently transduce muscle over ten years ago (Xiao et al. (justia.com)
  • Huang and Baltimore coauthored a paper with Martha Stampfer titled "Ribonucleic acid synthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus, II. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1990. Serological differentiation of twenty of tomato spotted wilt virus. (esciencepress.net)
  • Immunization strategies against this morbillivirus using recombinant adenoviruses expressing PPRV-F or -H proteins can protect PPRV-challenged animals and permit differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Even so, the bound small percentage that was eluted by high sodium still contained a sigificant number of protein (Fig. 1 A). Because ISWI is certainly a nuclear proteins that were reported to bind MTs (Trachtulcov et al. (researchensemble.com)
  • Compared with the wild-type receptor, the hGRαV575G demonstrated a significant (33%) reduction in its ability to transactivate the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter in response to dexamethasone, a 50% decrease in its affinity for the ligand, and a 2.5-fold delay in nuclear translocation. (qxmd.com)
  • The natural mutant receptor hGRαV575G causes primary generalized glucocorticoid resistance by affecting multiple steps in the glucocorticoid signaling cascade, including the affinity for the ligand, the time required for nuclear translocation, and the interaction with the glucocorticoid-interacting protein-1 coactivator. (qxmd.com)
  • She also develops tools and methods that help bridge the gap between cryo-EM and other types of imaging and structural biology technologies, such as light microscopy , protein crystallography , and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), that the department and campus already utilize. (wisc.edu)
  • in poliovirus (PV), the interaction between the RNA replication complex and intracellular membranes appears to be accomplished by proteins 3A and 2C, which have membrane-binding properties ( 11 , 60 ). (asm.org)
  • The long-term research goal of the lab is to apply computer modeling to gain insight into cellular signal transduction pathways, specifically to provide deeper insight into both the normal and aberrant subcellular targeting of domains contained in proteins which are part of macromolecular complexes and function in various biological processes. (cuny.edu)
  • Degradation of a protein via the ubiquitin pathway proceeds by two discrete and successive steps: (a) covalent attachment of multiple ubiquitin molecules to the protein substrate, and (b) degradation of the targeted protein by the 26S proteasome complex. (justia.com)
  • One approach to the development of innovative antibiotics aims at the degradation process of defective proteins in bacteria. (mpg.de)
  • It plays an important role in bacterial metabolism by ensuring the controlled degradation of defective proteins. (mpg.de)
  • However, this leads to the uncontrolled degradation of essential proteins - with lethal consequences for the bacteria.This unique mechanism of action has considerable innovation potential in the fight against pathogenic bacteria. (mpg.de)
  • 1996. Occurrence of tomato spotted wilt virus in vegetables and ornamentals in Greece. (esciencepress.net)
  • The pseudorabies virus (PRV) Us9 protein plays a central role in targeting viral capsids and glycoproteins to axons of dissociated sympathetic neurons. (princeton.edu)