Domains consisting of ankyrin tandem repeats mediate protein-protein interactions and are among the most common structural motifs in known proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Most proteins that contain the motif have four to six repeats, although its namesake ankyrin contains 24, and the largest known number of repeats is 34, predicted in a protein expressed by Giardia lamblia. (wikipedia.org)
Ankyrin repeats typically fold together to form a single, linear solenoid structure called ankyrin repeat domains. (wikipedia.org)
Considering the atomic structures of individual ankyrin repeats, the loop is often a type 1 beta bulge loop, while both alpha-helices commonly have a Schellman loop at their N-terminus. (wikipedia.org)
More extensive design strategies have used combinatorial sequences to "evolve" ankyrin-repeats that recognize particular protein targets, a technique that has been presented as an alternative to antibody design for applications requiring high-affinity binding. (wikipedia.org)
The same study shows that insertions in the canonical framework of ankyrin repeats are enriched in conflictive interactions, that are related to function. (wikipedia.org)
Ankyrin repeats, by contrast, contain very few such contacts (that is, they have a low contact order). (wikipedia.org)
Most studies have found that ankyrin repeats fold in a two-state folding mechanism, suggesting a high degree of folding cooperativity despite the local inter-residue contacts and the evident need for successful folding with varying numbers of repeats. (wikipedia.org)
BARD1, unlike BRCA1, also contains a centrally located sequence of three ankyrin repeats 11 that are found in many proteins involved in transcriptional regulation. (bmj.com)
26 The suggested role in TP53 dependent apoptotic signalling 27 and interaction with the ankyrin repeats of proto-oncoprotein BCL3, thereby possibly modulating the activity of transcription factor NFKB, 28 represent BRCA1 independent functions of BARD1. (bmj.com)
Ankyrin repeats are about 33 amino acids long and occur in at least four consecutive copies. (embl.de)
Ankyrin repeats are tandemly repeated modules of about 33 amino acids. (embl.de)
Crystal structure of the ARF-GAP domain and ankyrin repeats of PYK2-associated protein beta. (embl.de)
PAPbeta, a protein that binds to and is phosphorylated by the non-receptor tyrosine kinase PYK2, contains several modular signaling domains including a pleckstrin homology domain, an SH3 domain, ankyrin repeats and an ARF-GAP domain. (embl.de)
The crystal structure of the PAPbeta ARF-GAP domain and the C-terminal ankyrin repeats has been determined at 2.1 A resolution. (embl.de)
Four ankyrin repeats are also present, the first two of which form an extensive interface with the ARF-GAP domain. (embl.de)
It shows a stack of six IkappaBalpha ankyrin repeats facing the C-terminal domains of the NF-kappaB Rel homology regions. (embl.de)
Ankyrin (ANK) repeats mediate protein-protein interactions in diverse families of proteins. (thermofisher.com)
The structural repeat unit contains two anti-parallel helices and a beta-hairpin, with repeats stacked in a superhelical arrangement. (thermofisher.com)
Despite this ubiquity, they remain poorly characterised at both a structural and a functional level compared to other common repeat motifs such as leucine-rich repeats, armadillo repeats, WD40 repeats, and ankyrin repeats. (biorxiv.org)
Tankyrases recruit specific motifs (often called RxxPDG "hexapeptides") in their substrates via an N-terminal region of ankyrin repeats. (rcsb.org)
These ankyrin repeats form five domains termed ankyrin repeat clusters (ARCs), each predicted to bind substrate. (rcsb.org)
Subunit organization is facilitated by interactions among cytoplasmic domains, including N-terminal ankyrin repeats. (scienceopen.com)
A code for RanGDP binding in ankyrin repeats defines a nuclear import pathway. (ox.ac.uk)
Here, we identify a code that determines importin-independent nuclear import of ankyrin repeats (ARs), a structural motif found in over 250 human proteins with diverse functions. (ox.ac.uk)
It is comprised of a central Broad-complex, Tramtrack and Bric-a-brac (BTB) domain, a BTB and carboxyterminal Kelch helix bundle, four ankyrin repeats and a disordered salicylic-acid-binding domain. (isaaa.org)
The second subfamily of proteins (p105 and p100) has a C-terminal region that contains multiple copies of ankyrin repeats, instead of a transactivation domain, and can bind to and inhibit Rel proteins. (oncotarget.com)
The Memory (Rbpj-Associated Molecule) and ANK (ankyrin repeats) domains of NICD connect to the BTD and CTD of CSL respectively. (bioinbrief.com)
Protein21
The residues on the wide lateral surface of ankyrin repeat structures are variable, often hydrophobic, and involved mainly in mediating protein-protein interactions. (wikipedia.org)
Ankyrin-repeat proteins present an unusual problem in the study of protein folding, which has largely focused on globular proteins that form well-defined tertiary structure stabilized by long-range, nonlocal residue-residue contacts. (wikipedia.org)
The ANK2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called ankyrin-B. Ankyrin-B is part of a family of ankyrin proteins, which interact with many other types of proteins in cells throughout the body. (medlineplus.gov)
The ankyrin-B protein is active in many cell types, particularly in the brain and in heart (cardiac) muscle. (medlineplus.gov)
Each of the identified mutations in the ANK2 gene changes a single protein building block (amino acid) in the ankyrin-B protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Most of these mutations alter a region of the ankyrin-B protein important for its function. (medlineplus.gov)
As a result of these genetic changes, the ankyrin-B protein cannot target ion channels and ion transporters to their correct locations in cardiac muscle cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Obscurin targets ankyrin-B and protein phosphatase 2A to the cardiac M-line. (medlineplus.gov)
The ankyrin repeat is one of the most common protein-protein interaction motifs in nature. (embl.de)
It is classified as a type IV DAG kinase (DGK), containing myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate (MARCKS), PDZ-binding, and ankyrin domains, in addition to C1 and catalytic domains that are present in all DGKs. (nih.gov)
I also studied ankyrin, a major spectrin binding protein, in skeletal muscle. (umaryland.edu)
Their sizes were 1.6, 2.0 and 3.5 kb, which are too small to encode full-length ankyrin protein. (umaryland.edu)
He also made significant contributions to computational structural biology, particularly in the analysis of protein-protein interfaces. (psi.ch)
We are interested in protein structure both from a structure determination and from a structural bioinformatics perspective, which means obtaining high resolution "bioimages" of proteins and extracting as much information as possible from them. (psi.ch)
Discovered 25 years ago, scientists have finally gathered its structural data that is crucial in explaining how the protein works to govern plant protection on a molecular level. (isaaa.org)
Long-distance restraints obtained by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy revealed that the "unique N2A" (UN2A) domain of the sarcomeric protein titin shows a defined and structured three-helix bundle and preserves this conformation upon binding of the muscle stress response factor CARP (cardiac ankyrin repeat protein). (gdch.app)
Notably, the "unique N2A" (UN2A) subdomain has been shown to interact with the stress-regulated cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP), which contributes to the regulation of sarcomeric stiffness. (gdch.app)
S. J. Edwards, C. W. Moth, J. A. Smith, T. P. Lybrand, "Automated structure refinement for an ankyrin:CDB3 complex: Specialized functions in the TagDock software suite to utilize EPR data for protein dimer model construction," J. Phys. (uky.edu)
KN motif and ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 1 (KANK1), a member of KANK family, recruits kinesin family member 21A (KIF21A) to the cell cortex to control microtubule growth via its C-terminal ankyrin domain.A stretch of ∼22 amino acids in KIF21A is sufficient for binding to KANK1 and its close homolog KANK2. (bomiprot.org)
In this paper, we will discuss about the component of supramolecular protein assembly and classify their conformation according to structural dimensionality. (springeropen.com)
Furthermore, we implemented an approach that achieves 65% positive predictive value in identifying allosteric sites within the set of predicted cavities of a protein (stricter parameters set, 0.22 sensitivity), by combining the current analysis on dynamics with previous results on structural conservation of allosteric sites. (biomedcentral.com)
Small Ankyrins3
Small Ankyrins (sAnk1) are muscle-specific isoforms generated by the Ank1 gene that participate in the organization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of striated muscles. (mdpi.com)
Antibodies specific for the small ankyrins made by these short transcripts showed them to be located at the Z line and M line of skeletal muscle, in contrast to the full-length ankyrin, which was present only at the sarcolemma. (umaryland.edu)
The small ankyrins are highly enriched in purified fractions of sarcoplasmic reticulum. (umaryland.edu)
Mutations3
At least ten mutations in the ANK2 gene have been found to cause ankyrin-B syndrome, a condition characterized by a variety of heart problems. (medlineplus.gov)
mPEG-Maleimide (Thiol PEGylation of Proteins) - Structural and Biochemical Consequences of Disease-Causing Mutations in the Ankyrin Repeat Domain of the Human TRPV4 Channel, Biochemistry, 2012, 51 (31), pp 6195-6206, Text . (creativepegworks.com)
Structural changes in NOTCH3 induced by CADASIL mutations: Role of cysteine and non-cysteine alterations. (nih.gov)
Motif5
The ankyrin repeat is a 33-residue motif in proteins consisting of two alpha helices separated by loops, first discovered in signaling proteins in yeast Cdc10 and Drosophila Notch. (wikipedia.org)
The ankyrin-repeat sequence motif has been studied using multiple sequence alignment to determine conserved amino acid residues critical for folding and stability. (wikipedia.org)
A structure-based study involving a range of ankyrin proteins of known structures, shows that consensus-based ankyrin proteins are very stable since they maximize the energetic gap between the folding and unfolding structures, encoding a densely connected network of favourable interactions among conserved sequence motifs, like the TPLX motif. (wikipedia.org)
Besides the conserved ankyrin-repeat and coiled-coil domains, there was a conserved motif at the N-terminal (KN motif) containing potential motifs for nuclear localization and export signals. (bomiprot.org)
The Kank (kidney or KN motif and ankyrin repeat domain-containing) family of proteins has been described as essential for crosstalk between actin and microtubules. (bomiprot.org)
Cytoplasmic1
Members of the families of structural proteins, called spectrins and ankyrins, are present on the cytoplasmic surface of the sarcolemma of vertebrate skeletal muscle fibers. (umaryland.edu)
Neuronal1
Impaired OTUD7A-dependent Ankyrin regulation mediates neuronal dysfunction in mouse and human models of the 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome. (neurotree.org)
Combinatorial1
Contacts occur in discontinuous patches, suggesting a combinatorial quality for ankyrin repeat specificity. (embl.de)
Abstract1
Abstract for "Cryo-electron microscopy structure of the TRPV2 ion channel" by Lejla Zubcevic, Mark A Herzik Jr, Ben C Chung, Zhirui Liu, Gabriel C Lander and Seok-Yong Lee in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology . (neurosciencenews.com)
Cytoskeleton1
Ankyrins help organize the cell's structural framework (the cytoskeleton) and link certain proteins that span the cell membrane to this framework. (medlineplus.gov)
Sequence2
The ankyrin fold appears to be defined by its structure rather than its function, since there is no specific sequence or structure that is universally recognised by it. (wikipedia.org)
Structural basis and sequence rules for substrate recognition by tankyrase explain the basis for cherubism disease. (mshri.on.ca)
Cardiac2
Ankyrin-B ensures these channels and transporters are in their proper locations in the cell membrane so they can regulate the flow of ions into and out of cardiac muscle cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Mohler PJ, Bennett V. Ankyrin-based cardiac arrhythmias: a new class of channelopathies due to loss of cellular targeting. (medlineplus.gov)
Specificity2
In addition, cryo-EM structures of two KARI complexes, with NADH+inhibitor and NADPH+inhibitor at pH 7.5, were solved to address the structural basis of cofactor bi-specificity. (beilstein-institut.de)
1) Use of Cryo-EM to Uncover Structural Bases of pH Effect and Cofactor Bi-specificity of Ketol-acid Reductoisomerase. (beilstein-institut.de)
Molecular Biology1
The new study was published Jan. 18, 2016, in the journal Nature Structural and Molecular Biology . (neurosciencenews.com)
Domain4
The structure of the IkappaBalpha ankyrin repeat domain, bound to a partially truncated NF-kappaB heterodimer (p50/ p65), has been determined by X-ray crystallography at 2.7 A resolution. (embl.de)
The MARCKS domain regulates the nuclear localizations of type IV DGKs while the PDZ-binding and ankyrin domains regulate interactions with several proteins. (nih.gov)
His research interests include mechanistic enzymology of phosphoryl transfer enzymes including DNA polymerases, kinases and phospholipases, and structure-function relationship of proteins in DNA damage response and cancer signaling, including ankyrin repeat proteins and FHA domain proteins. (beilstein-institut.de)
2.Zhu Y, Kakinuma N, Wang Y, Kiyama R. Kank proteins: a new family of ankyrin-repeat domain-containing proteins. (bomiprot.org)
Transporters2
In addition, ankyrin-B helps ensure that signaling molecules that regulate the activity of ion channels and ion transporters are in the proper location. (medlineplus.gov)
This loss of functional channels and transporters in the heart disrupts the normal flow of ions, which alters the heart's normal rhythm and leads to the heart problems that can be a part of ankyrin-B syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
Domains2
1.Guo Q, Liao S, Zhu Z, Li Y, Li F, Xu C. Structural basis for the recognition of kinesin family member 21A (KIF21A) by the ankyrin domains of KANK1 and KANK2 proteins. (bomiprot.org)
Our group among others possess resolved high-resolution X-ray buildings of energetic Notch transcription complexes and set up intermediates including CSL CSL-RAM and CSL-NICD-MAM ternary complexes bound to DNA (Kovall and Blacklow 2010 As proven in Body 1B and 1C the structural primary of CSL comprises three domains: the NTD (N-terminal area) the BTD (β-trefoil area) as well as the CTD (C-terminal area). (bioinbrief.com)
Proteins involved1
The N2A segment of titin functions as a pivotal hub for signal transduction and interacts with various proteins involved in structural support, chaperone activities, and transcriptional regulation. (gdch.app)
Signaling molecules1
Lipids are the major structural elements of all biological membranes, serving as signaling molecules within and between cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Stability1
Piguel NH, Sanders SS, De Simone FI, Martin-de-Saavedra MD, McCoig E, Dionisio LE, Smith KR, Thomas GM , Penzes P . Palmitoylation controls the stability of 190 kDa ankyrin-G in dendritic spines and is regulated by ZDHHC8 and lithium. (neurotree.org)
Human2
Ankyrin-repeat proteins have been associated with a number of human diseases. (wikipedia.org)
To explain this briefly, if the pathogen's active site is very well conserved in nature it may share important structural features with the human homologue, which could be then bound and inhibited as well by the antimicrobial drug causing toxic side-effects on the patient. (biomedcentral.com)
Family1
A specialized family of ankyrin proteins known as muscle ankyrin repeat proteins (MARPs) are involved with the repair and regeneration of muscle tissue following damage due to injury and stress. (wikipedia.org)
Function3
At least one ANK2 gene mutation prevents ankyrin-B from getting to the cell membrane where it is needed to function. (medlineplus.gov)
These observations provide a structural blueprint for understanding unique aspects of TRP channel function. (scienceopen.com)
Here using a combination of structural biophysical and cellular approaches we characterize the structure and function of CSL in complex with the corepressor KyoT2. (bioinbrief.com)
Functions2
Additionally, ankyrins play key roles in important functions including cell movement (migration) and cell growth and division (proliferation). (medlineplus.gov)
Cryo-EM can facilitate structural comparison at multiple solution conditions (e.g., pH, ligands, or temperature), which will be addressed with ketol-acid reductoisomerase (KARI) from archaea Sulfolobus solfataricus , which is a dodecamer in solution, displays optimal activity at pH 7-8, and is bi-specific to coenzymes NADH and NADPH. (beilstein-institut.de)
Mouse1
The expression of small ankyrin is unaffected in the nb/nb mouse, which lacks full length ankyrin. (umaryland.edu)
Basis1
Structural basis of centromeric cohesion protection. (le.ac.uk)
Muscle2
Accordingly, the volume of SR tubules localized around the myofibrils is strongly reduced in skeletal muscle fibers of 4- and 10-month-old sAnk1 knockout (KO) mice, while additional structural alterations only develop with aging. (mdpi.com)
I studied these proteins in order to identify new spectrin binding proteins, to determine how the spectrins and ankyrins are assembled into a subsarcolemmal skeleton during development, and to learn how different alternatively spliced forms are disposed in developing and adult skeletal muscle fibers. (umaryland.edu)
Display1
The Spectrin-Ankyrin Skeleton Controls CD45 Surface Display and Interleukin-2 Production Pradhan D, Morrow J . The Spectrin-Ankyrin Skeleton Controls CD45 Surface Display and Interleukin-2 Production. (yale.edu)
Response1
β1 also recruits ankyrin to the plasma membrane at sites of cell-cell contact in response to homophilic cell adhesion (Malhotra et al. (jneurosci.org)
Studies1
Experimentally, we are involved, in collaboration with the Glockshuber group (ETHZ), in structural studies of a proteinaceous organelle, the type 1 pilus from uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), and in particular of its main subunit FimA. (psi.ch)