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Corpus StriatumDopamineMicrodialysisReceptors, Dopamine D2Receptors, Dopamine3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic AcidReceptors, Dopamine D1Dopamine AntagonistsDopamine Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsDopamine AgonistsDopamine Uptake InhibitorsBrainReceptors, Dopamine D3Nucleus AccumbensSubstantia NigraDopamine AgentsNeostriatumExtracellular SpaceRats, Sprague-DawleyCocaineHomovanillic AcidAmphetamineBerberineCorpus LuteumRacloprideNeuronsCaudate NucleusCorpus CallosumReceptors, Dopamine D5Medial Forebrain BundleRats, Inbred StrainsBehavior, AnimalPutamenHaloperidolOxidopamineNomifensineDopamine beta-Hydroxylasealpha-MethyltyrosineMotor ActivityTyrosine 3-MonooxygenaseMethamphetamineDopaminergic NeuronsAgenesis of Corpus CallosumBenzazepinesQuinpiroleStereotyped BehaviorVentral Tegmental AreaPrefrontal CortexExtracellular FluidRewardSelf AdministrationBasal GangliaSalicylamidesDopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32Dose-Response Relationship, DrugLevodopaTegmentum MesencephaliBiogenic MonoaminesApomorphineAutoreceptorsSulpirideCentral Nervous System StimulantsDextroamphetamineCocaine-Related DisordersSerotoninCycloheptanesBrain ChemistryMethylphenidateAnalysis of VarianceNerve Tissue ProteinsSpiperoneTime FactorsHydroxyindoleacetic AcidMesencephalonTropanesElectrochemistryConditioning, OperantSynaptic TransmissionDihydroxyphenylalanineMonoamine Oxidase InhibitorsDialysisRats, WistarRats, Long-EvansSelegilineParkinsonian DisordersParkinson Disease, SecondaryReinforcement (Psychology)Septal NucleiN-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamineLocomotionErgolinesKynurenic AcidElectric StimulationGlutamic AcidIbogaineVesicular Monoamine Transport ProteinsHuntington Disease1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridineMicroinjectionsChromatography, High Pressure Liquid
NeuronsReceptorsUptakeIntact striataContribution of striatalNeuronalNucleus accumbensNigrostriatalCholinergic interneuronsReceptorRatsKinaseBasalBehaviorGraftsVivoDATsVentralAxonalIschemicNomifensineNeostriatumSynapsesStructuresNeurodegenerationLateralLifetimeRegulationPlace preferenceReleaseExperimentalLevelsVolumeSystemOutputMajor
Neurons9
  • The striatum (PL: striata), or corpus striatum (also called the striate nucleus), is a nucleus (a cluster of neurons) in the subcortical basal ganglia of the forebrain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Types of cells in the striatum include: Medium spiny neurons (MSNs), which are the principal neurons of the striatum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Medium spiny projection neurons comprise 95% of the total neuronal population of the human striatum. (wikipedia.org)
  • These neurons of the striatum are not distributed evenly. (wikipedia.org)
  • Injury caused to the striatum stimulates the migration of neuroblasts from the subventricular zone, to the striatum, where they differentiate into adult neurons. (wikipedia.org)
  • The autoregulation of dopamine release and metabolism by intrastriatal grafts of mesencephalic dopamine neurons was examined in vivo using an intracerebral dialysis technique. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Subsequent histological analysis revealed large grafts, rich in dopamine-containing neurons (mean +/- SEM number equalled 3138 +/- 630), giving rise to an approximately normal density of dopamine-containing fibres in the area of the host caudate putamen surrounding the probe. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Intrastriatal transplantation of foetal midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons ameliorates the fundamental symptoms of dopaminergic denervation in clinical and experimental parkinsonism despite providing only restricted reinnervation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In the 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease in the rat, there is a significant reduction in the number of dendritic spines on the principal projection neurons in the neostriatum, presumably attributable to loss of the nigrostriatal dopamine input. (jneurosci.org)
Receptors5
  • A subpopulation of MSNs contain both D1-type and D2-type receptors, with approximately 40% of striatal MSNs expressing both DRD1 and DRD2 mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • The large aspiny cholinergic interneurons themselves are affected by dopamine through D5 dopamine receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • The predominance of dopamine (DA) receptors at extrasynaptic vs. synaptic sites implies that DA signaling is by diffusion-based volume transmission. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action. (lookformedical.com)
  • A subfamily of G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS that bind the neurotransmitter DOPAMINE and modulate its effects. (lookformedical.com)
Uptake6
  • In vivo neurochemical and anatomical heterogeneity of the dopamine uptake system in the rat caudate putamen. (omeka.net)
  • The neurochemical and anatomical heterogeneity of dopamine uptake blockade was studied at a medial and lateral position in each of 3 rostrocaudal areas of the rat caudate-putamen. (omeka.net)
  • First, during repeated depolarization at a physiological firing frequency, when net extracellular concentrations reflect DA release versus uptake, ambient levels of extracellular DA within the graft are restored to normal. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In this review, we compare characteristics that regulate extracellular DA behavior in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and striatum, including regional differences in structure (a 40% greater extracellular volume fraction in SNc vs. striatum) and in dynamic DA uptake (a 200-fold greater DA uptake rate in striatum vs. SNc). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, we test the assumption of diffusion-based volume transmission for SNc and striatum by modeling dynamic DA behavior after quantal release using region-specific parameters for diffusion and uptake at 37 degrees C. Our model shows that DA uptake does not affect peak DA concentration within 1 mum of a release site in either SNc or striatum because of the slow kinetics of DATs vs. diffusion. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, the model also shows that a primary effect of striatal uptake is to curtail DA lifetime after release. (ox.ac.uk)
Intact striata3
  • However, a subsequent injection of 0.5 mg/kg apomorphine produced a large decrease of the dopamine recovered from both the grafted (maximum 40% decrease) and intact striata (maximum 80% decrease). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Finally, the dopamine reuptake blocker nomifensine (10(-5) M) added to the perfusion medium produced similar large increases in dopamine in perfusates collected from both grafted and intact striata, while 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid did not change. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We show that the concentration of DA released by a single depolarizing pulse is significantly lower in grafted than intact striata. (ox.ac.uk)
Contribution of striatal2
  • Overall, results to date with the LCR/HCR model underscore the contribution of striatal DATs to individual differences in initial cocaine responsiveness and the value of assessing the influence of initial drug response on subsequent expression of addiction-like behaviors. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Beyond and below the cortex: the contribution of striatal dysfunction to cognition and behaviour in neurodegeneration. (gov.gy)
Neuronal3
  • Real-time dynamics of dopamine released from neuronal transplants in experimental Parkinson's disease. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Neuronal loss was found in the motor cortex and striatum after 2VO, especially in females, which was prevented by acrobatic training. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSION: Mild motor damage was found in animals after 2VO when refined movement was evaluated, probably associated to neuronal death in the motor cortex and striatum. (bvsalud.org)
Nucleus accumbens2
Nigrostriatal2
  • Dopamine-rich cell suspension grafts were implanted into the head of the caudate putamen in rats with complete unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Dopamine spillover after quantal release: rethinking dopamine transmission in the nigrostriatal pathway. (ox.ac.uk)
Cholinergic interneurons2
  • Cholinergic interneurons release acetylcholine, which has a variety of important effects in the striatum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dopamine also directly controls communication between cholinergic interneurons. (wikipedia.org)
Receptor4
  • To define the role of ChI further, we will utilize a novel method of selectively activating or suppressing ChI by Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drug (DREADD) system using transgenic mice expressing Cre in ChI and adenovirus-mediated delivery of floxed construct of DREADD to the striatal ChI. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)
  • Extracellular levels of striatal dopamine and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid were monitored bilaterally in the halothane-anaesthetized grafted rat, both under basal conditions, and also following low (0.05 mg/kg) and high (0.5 mg/kg) doses of the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool. (lookformedical.com)
  • A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist. (lookformedical.com)
Rats3
  • Striatal slices from male albino Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated with [ 3 H]DA (10 nM) and then superfused in microperfusion chambers with a modified Tyrode's buffer (pH 7.4). (utmb.edu)
  • The effect of PCP on basal release was unchanged by the removal of extracellular calcium, addition of tetrodotoxin (1 μM) or pretreatment of rats with reserpine. (utmb.edu)
  • Voronkov D, Stavrovskaya A, Olshanskiy A, Guschina A, Khudoerkov R, Illarioshkin S. The Influence of Striatal Astrocyte Dysfunction on Locomotor Activity in Dopamine-depleted Rats. (ac.ir)
Kinase2
  • Repeated L- DOPA administration in parkinsonian mice produces LID, which is associated with hyperexcitability of striatal cholinergic interneuron (ChI) evidenced by extracellular signal- regulated kinase (ERK) activation and enhanced response of ChI to dopamine. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)
  • It regulates the activities of PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE-1 and PROTEIN KINASE A, and it is a key mediator of the biochemical, electrophysiological, transcriptional, and behavioral effects of DOPAMINE. (lookformedical.com)
Basal2
  • The striatum is the largest structure of the basal ganglia. (wikipedia.org)
  • LCRs have higher basal numbers of striatal dopamine transporters (DATs) than HCRs and exhibit marginal cocaine inhibition of in vivo DAT activity and cocaine-induced increases in extracellular DA. (elsevierpure.com)
Behavior2
  • The ventral striatum is associated with the limbic system and has been implicated as a vital part of the circuitry for decision making and reward-related behavior. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell-surface proteins that bind dopamine with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. (lookformedical.com)
Grafts3
  • Autoregulation of dopamine release and metabolism by intrastriatal nigral grafts as revealed by intracerebral dialysis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • On the other hand, the extracellular lifetime of DA in grafts is extended due to a marked reduction in the rate maximum (V(max)) for DA reuptake by the DA transporter. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Thus, these data demonstrate that dopaminergic grafts restore striatal dopaminergic function with extracellular dynamics of DA that are different from those of intact striatum but which can normalize ambient DA levels and permit transmission over an extended sphere. (ox.ac.uk)
Vivo1
DATs1
  • In striatum, the lack of effect of the DAT within 1 mum of a release site means that perisynaptic DATs do not "gate" synaptic spillover. (ox.ac.uk)
Ventral3
  • In primates, the striatum is divided into a ventral striatum, and a dorsal striatum, subdivisions that are based upon function and connections. (wikipedia.org)
  • More studies have been carried out on the dorsal striatum but the compartments have also been identified in the ventral striatum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Engel JA , Pålsson E, Vallöf D, Jerlhag E. Ghrelin activates the mesolimbic dopamine system via nitric oxide associated mechanisms in the ventral tegmental area. (neurotree.org)
Axonal1
  • These cells regulate axonal growth, produce extracellular matrix molecules, and remove cell debris ( Sofroniew & Vinters, 2010 ). (ac.ir)
Ischemic2
  • This has been noted in the human striatum following an ischemic stroke. (wikipedia.org)
  • The normal passage of SVZ neuroblasts is to the olfactory bulb but this traffic is diverted to the striatum after an ischemic stroke. (wikipedia.org)
Nomifensine1
Neostriatum1
  • Numerical synaptic density of asymmetric synaptic contacts was 17% lower in the neostriatum deprived of dopamine innervation and, in absolute terms, there were 3 billion (19%) fewer contacts. (jneurosci.org)
Synapses1
  • Furthermore, astrocytes provide a compensatory regulation of neurotransmission, interacting with synapses and maintaining the concentration of extracellular glutamate, gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), and dopamine ( Sofroniew & Vinters, 2010 ). (ac.ir)
Structures1
Neurodegeneration1
  • Dopamine (DA) replacement therapies and deep brain stimulation relieve motor symptoms but do not slow down the progressive neurodegeneration 2 . (nature.com)
Lateral1
  • Neuroblasts that form in the lateral ventricle adjacent to the striatum, integrate in the striatum. (wikipedia.org)
Lifetime1
  • Second, the protracted extracellular lifetime of DA will increase the number and extracellular sphere of its postsynaptic actions. (ox.ac.uk)
Regulation1
  • These cells produce DOPAMINE, an important neurotransmitter in regulation of the sensorimotor system and mood. (lookformedical.com)
Place preference1
  • Vallöf D, Vestlund J, Engel JA , Jerlhag E. The Anorexigenic Peptide Neuromedin U (NMU) Attenuates Amphetamine-Induced Locomotor Stimulation, Accumbal Dopamine Release and Expression of Conditioned Place Preference in Mice. (neurotree.org)
Release1
  • The perfusate from the grafted striatum showed levels of dopamine which were not statistically different from those of the intact contralateral striatum, indicating that the baseline release of dopamine from the graft was close to normal. (ox.ac.uk)
Experimental1
  • Vickroy, TW & Johnson, KM 1982, ' Similar dopamine-releasing effects of phencyclidine and nonamphetamine stimulants in striatal slices ', Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , vol. 233, no. 3, pp. 669-674. (utmb.edu)
Levels1
  • Both the low and the high dose of apomorphine reduced extracellular dopamine metabolite levels, a response which was essentially similar for both the intact and grafted sides. (ox.ac.uk)
Volume1
  • In the dorsal striatum striosomes make up 10-15 per cent of the striatal volume. (wikipedia.org)
System2
  • Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. (lookformedical.com)
  • Engel JA , Jerlhag E. Alcohol: mechanisms along the mesolimbic dopamine system. (neurotree.org)
Output1
  • Finally, we will examine the effect of ChI on the excitability of the medium spiny neuron that is the major striatal output neuron. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)
Major1