• However, a third of sensory neurons do not express receptors for the neurotrophins. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here we show that these neurons express the receptor components for glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) signaling (RET, GFRα-1, and GFRα-2). (jneurosci.org)
  • The trk receptors in general are expressed in a nonoverlapping manner by sensory neurons in combination with the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 ( Wright and Snider, 1995 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • The lateral touch receptor neurons ( ALM in the anterior body, PLM in the posterior body) run on the peripheral side of the hypodermis, whereas VNC, DC, and canal-associated nerves run on the inside between the hypodermis and pseudocoelom. (wormatlas.org)
  • The excitatory neurons (A27h) are premotor and necessary only for forward locomotion, and are modulated by stretch receptors and descending inputs. (elifesciences.org)
  • Stretch receptors in the stomach send signals to the brain that the stomach is filled. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • When you push past that boundary, the stretch receptors in your stomach are triggered which induces emergency-overload vomiting. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Your brain tells you you're full and it's time to stop eating through the stretch receptors in your stomach. (foodrevolution.org)
  • Each time you eat a substantial meal, stretch receptors that are embedded in your stomach wall are stimulated to trigger contractile waves through the smooth muscles that govern your small and large intestines. (drbenkim.com)
  • But, even if you take out the visual component, and instead just stick a tube down people's throats, and feed them whatever volumes of food you want, if you add more water to their stomach, they tend to eat less-perhaps because of the stretch receptors in their stomach sending signals to the brain saying, "We've had enough. (nutritionfacts.org)
  • Intercostal muscles and thoracic diaphragm receive impulses from the respiratory center, stretch receptors in the lungs send impulses to the respiratory center giving information about the state of the lungs. (wikipedia.org)
  • We suggest that the response of a SAPSR to PAE depends on the location of the receptor within the lungs, and we speculate that threshold and fiber type are also related to location. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Benzonatate acts peripherally by anesthetizing the stretch receptors located in the respiratory passages, lungs, and pleura by dampening their activity and thereby reducing the cough reflex at its source. (nih.gov)
  • Comparable organs of arthropods (e.g., insects , crustaceans ) include stretch receptors located on the outsides of muscles and chordotonal organs (special nerves that measure tension changes) within the joints. (britannica.com)
  • This stimulates aortic baroreceptors, cardiac stretch receptors, and the sympathetic nervous system to increase ventricular contractility, venous and arterial vasoconstriction, and fluid shifts into the intravascular system. (medscape.com)
  • In familial TAAD, the aorta can become weakened and stretched (aortic dilatation), which can lead to a bulge in the blood vessel wall (an aneurysm). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Oxytocin levels surge when baby's head stimulates stretch receptors in the cervix. (womanjunction.com)
  • Stretch receptors were subjected to the same mechanical stimuli used on the movement receptors and the responses of the two types of end organs compared. (caltech.edu)
  • G protein-coupled receptors are the largest superfamily of cell surface receptors in the Metazoa and play critical roles in transducing extracellular signals into intracellular responses. (sdbonline.org)
  • Interstitial Cystitis: A Consequence of Weakened Uterosacral Ligaments Failing to Support Visceral Plexuses and Bladder Stretch Receptors, and Therefore Potentially Curable? (einj.org)
  • Moreover, loose ligaments produce down-regulation related to muscle stretch receptors, reducing the proprioception10. (bvsalud.org)
  • It was hypothesized that ligaments subjected to cyclic and static activities develop, over time, creep (stretch) or tension-relaxation (loss of tension) and reduce the mechanical stability of the intervertebral joints. (cdc.gov)
  • It was further hypothesized that with creep or tension-relaxation, the sensory receptors in the ligaments become de-sensitized and that in turn reduces the reflexive activation of lumbar muscles which further reduces mechanical stability and increases exposure to injury and disability. (cdc.gov)
  • Because another growth/trophic factor that signals via a receptor tyrosine kinase (brain derived neurotrophic factor) elicits a long-lasting facilitation of respiratory motor activity in the phrenic nerve, we tested the hypothesis that VEGFA-165 elicits similar phrenic motor facilitation (pMF). (jneurosci.org)
  • When the lung expands, the receptors initiate the Hering-Breuer reflex, which reduces the respiratory rate. (wikipedia.org)
  • List the types of receptors that initiate the long reflexes (CNS). (memory.com)
  • Special neural receptors of the retina become activated when the stretching occurs, creating the sensation of flashing. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Further feedback is provided by nutrient receptors in the upper small bowel and neural signals indicating distention of the stomach's stretch receptors, which are primarily conveyed by the vagal afferent and sympathetic nerves to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in the brainstem. (medscape.com)
  • Static stretching has been shown to decrease muscle stretch by up to 9% for 60 minutes following the stretch and decrease eccentric strength by 7% followed by a specific hamstring stretch. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • PAE increased the peak firing rate of 18 of these receptors, and there was a close relationship between the discharge frequency of these SAPSRs and the Ptr during PAE. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • The mode of activation by nicotine and the intracellular recording data are combined to form a partial explanation of the movement receptors' discharge pattern. (caltech.edu)
  • When the bladder becomes full, the stretch receptors of the detrusor muscle send a signal to the pons, which in turn notifies the brain. (medscape.com)
  • As the bladder begins to fill with liquid, receptors within the walls of the bladder perceive stretch. (pelvicpainrehab.com)
  • The position and motion sensors of the muscles and joints, and the touch receptors of the extremities (proprioceptive system) send signals regarding bodily position, particularly in relation to the support surface. (cdc.gov)
  • It was found that the adequate stimulus to movement receptors is a change of the length of the elastic strand into which they send their distal processes. (caltech.edu)
  • His research also demonstrated that antipsychotic medications, used primarily in the treatment of schizophrenia, affect the transmission of signals via dopamine by blocking dopamine receptors. (lu.se)
  • Additionally, leucine substitutions at this position caused similar signaling defects in the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), Galanin receptor (GALR1), AKH receptor (AKHR), corazonin receptor (CRZR), and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mACHR1) . (sdbonline.org)
  • We believe that RhoGEF12 is so important for the hypertrophy reaction because it combines signals from stretch and hormone receptors," said Wettschureck. (mpg.de)
  • Renin is not commonly referred to as a hormone , albeit it having a receptor, the (pro)renin receptor, also known as the renin receptor and prorenin receptor (see also below), [4] as well as enzymatic activity with which it hydrolyzes angiotensinogen to angiotensin I . (wikipedia.org)
  • Renin is secreted from juxtaglomerular kidney cells, which sense changes in renal perfusion pressure, via stretch receptors in the vascular walls. (wikipedia.org)
  • Often in static stretching, you are advised to move further into the stretch position as the stretch sensation subsides. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • Dynamic stretching consists of functionally based exercises that use sport-specific movements to prepare the body for movement. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • Physical activity - be it a leisurely walk, engaging in stretching and mobility exercises, or playing sports - facilitates movement of waste materials through your intestines. (drbenkim.com)
  • The neuropeptide Leucokinin (Lk) and its receptor ( Lkr ) are essential for the reduction of responses to noxious heat. (sdbonline.org)
  • The receptors in the skeletal (striated) muscles and on the surfaces of tendons of vertebrates provide constant information on the positions of limbs and the action of muscles. (britannica.com)
  • Three 15-second stretches of the hamstrings, quadriceps, and calf muscles reduced the peak vertical velocity of a vertical jump in the majority of subjects (Knudson et al. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • Visualization of modified receptors through the incorporation of a fluorescent tag revealed a severe reduction in plasma membrane expression, indicating aberrant trafficking of these modified receptors. (sdbonline.org)
  • HNSCC cell lines (HSC-3, SCC-25, SCC-9, and H-400) and the human oral keratinocyte (HOK) cell lines were assessed for GC receptor (GR) expression. (techscience.com)
  • Gleim & McHugh (1997) would also challenge the premise that stretching, or indeed increased flexibility, reduces the risk of injury. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • The activation of crab movement receptors and of crayfish movement and stretch receptors was studied. (caltech.edu)
  • A hypothesis is presented that accounts for the differential sensitivity of these two groups of cells, and the difference between movement and position receptors in the same sense organ. (caltech.edu)
  • The unusual spiking pattern of movement receptors was examined using intracellular and extracellular recording. (caltech.edu)
  • Caffeine was found to block the mechanical activation of movement receptors and it is concluded that this is due to a direct effect on the mechanotransducer membrane. (caltech.edu)
  • Several drugs which affect the crayfish stretch receptor were found to have no effect on movement receptors and conversely nicotine and caffeine were found to have no effect on stretch receptors. (caltech.edu)
  • The similarities and differences of movement and stretch receptors are discussed. (caltech.edu)
  • When this happens, the areas where it adheres to the retina are stretched, especially with eye movement. (everydayhealth.com)
  • [8] 'Dynamic stretching, according to Kurz, 'involves moving parts of your body and gradually increasing reach, the speed of movement, or both. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • These features include tall stature, stretch marks on the skin, an unusually large range of joint movement (joint hypermobility), and either a sunken or protruding chest. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Static stretching involves gradually easing into the stretch position and holding the position. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • These force "receptors" rely on physical distortions-bending, stretching, curling-to signal to the brain. (singularityhub.com)
  • Multipark is a transnational research network that stretches from preclinical research to studies of life circumstances for patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's as well as related brain diseases. (lu.se)
  • Earlier this year, for example , a team from Columbia engineered a "feeling" robotic finger using overlapping light emitters and sensors in a way loosely similar to receptor fields. (singularityhub.com)
  • Hormones bind to various receptors throughout your body and work by activating various pathways and cellular activities to keep your body in a state of homeostasis. (womanjunction.com)
  • Leucokinin neuropeptide (LK) and its receptor ( LK-R ) were found to be required for normal behavioral rhythms. (sdbonline.org)
  • He found no differences in the occurrence of injury between those recruits who statically stretched and those who did not. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • One question that has been debated for some time is whether the stretching we chose to perform at the start of our training session will affect our performance and injury levels. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • Are receptors that are sensitive to changes in O2, H+, and CO2 levels. (freezingblue.com)
  • The amount of time a static stretch is held may be anything from 6 seconds to 2 minutes. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • Single-molecule fluorescence measurements of the ensemble kinetics for DNA ejection from WT phage λ over time in 10 mM MgCl2 Tris-buffer at 22 and 37°C. YOYO dye shows particles with ejected DNA stretched in the flow. (lu.se)
  • The ejection is triggered by LamB receptor addition at time 0 and flown continuously with YOYO in the flow chamber. (lu.se)
  • Here, we use phrenic motor facilitation (pMF) as a general term, including pLTF after acute intermittent hypoxia and other forms induced, for example, by spinal administration of receptor agonists. (jneurosci.org)
  • The rest are sensory in nature, although the largest sensory receptors, the neuromuscular spindles, have a motor supply of their own. (medscape.com)
  • The modification of the Drosophila leucokinin receptor shows that substitution of any non-aromatic amino acid for the tryptophan leads to a loss of receptor function. (sdbonline.org)
  • A comparative assessment of the risk of receptor influence via the fish plasma model shows a very low risk for all substances studied. (janusinfo.se)
  • Ballistic stretches involve trying to force a part of the body beyond its range of motion. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • Balance receptors in the inner ear (the vestibular system) provide information to the CNS about head and body movements. (cdc.gov)
  • Sympathetic nervous system activity, which also controls blood pressure, acting through the β 1 adrenergic receptors . (wikipedia.org)
  • Static flexibility improves static flexibility and dynamic flexibility improves dynamic flexibility, so it does not make sense to static stretch before a dynamic activity. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • Taken together, these results suggest a novel role for the WxFG motif in GPCR trafficking and receptor function. (sdbonline.org)
  • The following are a few studies conducted on the topic of static stretching. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • [9] Several professional coaches, authors, and studies have supported or shown the effectiveness of dynamic stretching. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • Research has shown that static stretching can be detrimental to performance and does not necessarily lead to decreases in injury. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • New research has shown that static stretching decreases eccentric strength for up to an hour after the stretch. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • Rod Pope, an army physiotherapist in Australia, carried out a study to assess the relationship between static stretching and injury prevention. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • Does static stretching before activity achieve the goals of injury prevention and performance enhancement? (brianmac.co.uk)
  • Static-based stretching programs seem best suited following an activity. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • In surface waters, bezafibrate was shown to attenuate rapidly over a river stretch of 1 km, with unquantified adsorption to undissolved solids being noted. (janusinfo.se)
  • Many trainers advocate the use of static stretching before exercise. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • Gerard van der Poel stated that static stretching caused a specific decrease in the specific coordination of explosive movements. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • If we should not take a static stretch, how can we stretch to optimize performance? (brianmac.co.uk)