Stress induced apoptosis endoplasmic. Medical search. Frequent questions

The protein is implicated in adipogenesis and erythropoiesis, is activated by endoplasmic reticulum stress, and promotes apoptosis. (novusbio.com)

Subsequently, we found that exposure to H-GBHs triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and further induced apoptosis by upregulating the expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), Caspase3, Caspase9 and Caspase12. (nih.gov)

We found remifentanil postconditioning markedly improved the spatial learning and memory as well as attenuated neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. (springer.com)
The results suggest that remifentanil postconditioning exhibits neuroprotective effects against global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats, and its mechanisms might involve inhibition of neuronal apoptosis through the PI3K pathway. (springer.com)
Its pathophysiological mechanisms involve various biological events such as neuronal apoptosis, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory cascade[ 2 - 5 ]. (ijpsonline.com)

Various physiological and pathological conditions such as glucose starvation, inhibition of protein glycosylation and oxidative stress may cause an accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy. (spandidos-publications.com)
Ma C, Zhang D, Ma Q, Liu Y and Yang Y: Arbutin inhibits inflammation and apoptosis by enhancing autophagy via SIRT1. (spandidos-publications.com)
To observe the effect of H2O2 induced oxidative stress on autophagy and apoptosis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). (researchsquare.com)
Under oxidative stress conditions, hMSCs can promote protective autophagy and reduce cell apoptosis or the level of apoptosis caused by excessive autophagy. (researchsquare.com)
Autophagy is the process of maintaining cell homeostasis under oxidative stress conditions. (researchsquare.com)
This experiment intends to activate the oxidative stress response by H2O2, regulate the autophagy level of human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), and observe the effect of autophagy on the proliferation and apoptosis of hMSCs under oxidative stress. (researchsquare.com)
Inhibition of Autophagy Prevents Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS) Protection on Cardiac Myocytes Against Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Injury, Ca2+ Homeostasis and Associated Apoptosis. (abcam.com)
The goal of this study was to explore the regulatory mechanism of trehalose on the autophagy death of SHSY5Y cells induced by oxygen and sugar deprivation from the aspect of glycolysis. (ijpsonline.com)

First, we found that GS-002 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in dose-dependent manners. (hindawi.com)
ATF-3 induces DNA synthesis and expression of cyclin D1 in hepatocytes [ 21 ] and is involved in serum-induced cell proliferation as a target gene of c-myc [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
New anticancer therapy strategies refer to the inhibition of CDK-cyclin complexes as an important target to prevent uncontrolled proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer cells ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Characterization of PRP-Exos, and effects of PRP-Exos on proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis of cells treated with GCs in vitro and in vivo were examined. (thno.org)
During hypoxia, an intricate balance exists between factors that induce or counteract apoptosis, or even stimulate proliferation. (bmj.com)

Among the three main signal pathways in ER stress, the PERK (protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase)/CHOP (CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein) pathway has been considered to be closely associated with apoptosis. (thno.org)
Consequently, we hypothesized that PRP-Exos prevent apoptosis induced by glucocorticoid-associated ER stress in rat ONFH via the Akt/Bad/Bcl-2 signal pathway. (thno.org)
Furthermore, the mechanism by which PRP-Exos rescue the GC-induced apoptosis through the Akt/Bad/Bcl-2 pathway was also investigated. (thno.org)
The results indicate that PRP-Exos have the capability to prevent GC-induced apoptosis in a rat model of ONFH by promoting Bcl-2 expression via the Akt/Bad/Bcl-2 signal pathway under ER stress. (thno.org)
Diclofenac inhibited ER-stress-induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells by suppressing the activation of caspases in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. (elsevierpure.com)
This agent induces cytotoxicity via ER stress pathway as shown by the increased expression of glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP). (cns.org)
SE-induced activation of the BDNF receptor tyrosine kinase, TrkB, is one signaling pathway by which SE induces TLE. (jneurosci.org)
Work by multiple investigators including ourselves implicates the receptor tyrosine kinase, TrkB, and its canonical ligand, BDNF, as one signaling pathway by which SE induces development of TLE ( McNamara and Scharfman, 2012 ). (jneurosci.org)
PPAR γ Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Liver Injury by Inhibiting Hepatocyte Pyroptosis via Inhibition of the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway. (nih.gov)
Ulinastatin protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury by alleviating ferroptosis via the SIRT1/NRF2/HO-1 pathway. (nih.gov)
Yuan Y, Guo Q, Ye Z et al (2011) Ischemic postconditioning protects brain from ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis through PI3K-Akt pathway. (springer.com)
HADHA alleviates hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in NAFLD via inactivation of the MKK3/MAPK pathway. (abcam.com)
The expressions of retinal GLP-1R, mitochondria-dependent apoptosis-associated genes, reactive gliosis markers, and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related pathway genes were studied by western blotting and immunohistochemistry in vivo and in vitro. (molvis.org)
Interestingly, rbf1 -induced apoptosis leads to a debcl - and drp1 -dependent Reactive Oxygen Species production, which in turn activates the Jun Kinase pathway to trigger cell death. (sdbonline.org)

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) might be stimulated by a dysfunctional activity of ER dealing with the misfolded or unfold proteins [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
GS-002 also induced endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress as evidenced by increases in ER stress-responsive proteins including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α (eIF2 α ), phosphorylated protein endoplasmic-reticular-resident kinase (PERK), and ATF-3. (hindawi.com)
Lacking proteosomal function on aggregates of unfolded proteins, ER stress may induce autophagic machinery. (spandidos-publications.com)
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle responsible for protein synthesis, folding, post-translational modification of proteins and protein trafficking in eukaryotes ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Apoptosis regulatory proteins are delicately balanced. (bmj.com)
The key regulator of this process, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), can initiate apoptosis by inducing high concentrations of proapoptotic proteins, such as BNIP3, and can cause stabilisation of p53. (bmj.com)
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is a self-protective mechanism resulting from an imbalance in quality control of unfolded proteins when cells are stressed, which plays an active role in lung cancer development, but the relationship between ERS and the pathological characteristics and clinical prognosis of LUAD patients remains unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is a state induced by increased synthesis of intracellular proteins, accumulation of mal-folded proteins, changes in cytosolic calcium levels, or imbalances in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) redox homeostasis [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Fusion of this gene and FUS on chromosome 16 or EWSR1 on chromosome 22 induced by translocation generates chimeric proteins in myxoid liposarcomas or Ewing sarcoma. (novusbio.com)
This may be related to mitochondrial proteins that regulate apoptosis and necrosis and that are shown to be induced in mouse fatty liver models. (medscape.com)
Both proteins can localize at the mitochondrion , but the way they control apoptosis still remains unclear. (sdbonline.org)
These results provide a mechanism by which Drosophila Bcl-2 family proteins can control apoptosis and shed light on a link between Rbf1 and mitochondrial dynamics, in vivo. (sdbonline.org)
The endoplasmic reticulum stress marker proteins, including Grp78/Bip, phospho-eIF2α, phospho-IP3R, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, were elevated significantly in CNGA3−/−/Nrl−/− and CNGB3−/−/Nrl−/− retinas, compared with the age-matched (postnatal 30 days) Nrl−/− controls. (cipsm.de)

These findings suggest that CHOP is a fundamental factor that links protein misfolding in the ER to oxidative stress and apoptosis in β cells under conditions of increased insulin demand. (jci.org)
Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of FOXA2 on inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, as well as ERS in LPS‑induced WI‑38 cells were partly weakened by additional treatment with U46619. (spandidos-publications.com)

ER alerts a self-protective mechanism that is called ER stress during nutrient deprivation, pathogen infection, alterations in redox status, intraluminal Ca 2+ levels and folding defective protein conditions ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Recent studies indicate that nutrient fluctuations and insulin resistance increase proinsulin synthesis in β cells beyond the capacity for folding of nascent polypeptides within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, thereby disrupting ER homeostasis and triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR). (jci.org)
Chronic ER stress promotes apoptosis, at least in part through the UPR-induced transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). (jci.org)
Loss of the tuberous sclerosis complex tumor suppressors triggers the unfolded protein response to regulate insulin signaling and apoptosis. (nih.gov)
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a major mechanism that detects and alleviates protein-folding stresses in the endoplasmic reticulum. (elifesciences.org)
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the major subcellular compartment that is involved in protein folding and secretion. (elifesciences.org)
Western blotting was performed to examine the protein expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)‑associated factors. (spandidos-publications.com)
However, if the stress on the ER is chronic or severe and quality control of protein folding cannot be met, ER activates its stress receptor, the unfolded protein response, which triggers programmed cell death [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cryopyrin (also called NALP3, PYPAF1, or NACHT, leucine-rich repeat [LRR], and PYD domains-containing protein 3) is a member of the APAF-1/NOD1-like protein family, which regulates apoptosis and inflammation. (medscape.com)
In healthy individuals, cryopyrin and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) interact via the oligomerization of ASC to induce both apoptosis and activate nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B. (medscape.com)
The voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), localized at the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is a central protein in controlling energy production, cell growth, Ca 2+ homeostasis, and apoptosis. (pdbwiki.org)
The GSK-3, that is the key enzyme is normally showing its actions by various mechanisms that include its phosphorylation, formation of protein complexes, and other cellular distribution and thus it control and directly affects cellular morphology, its growth, mobility and apoptosis of the cell. (scielo.br)
ATP2A2, located on 12q23-24.1, encodes the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATP isoform 2 protein (SERCA2), which is a calcium pump. (medscape.com)
In a different study, in which researchers systematically analyzed mutations identical to those found in patients with Darier disease, mutant SERCA2 protein aggregates were found to cause stress to the endoplasmic reticulum, subsequently inducing cell apoptosis. (medscape.com)
The Drosophila retinoblastoma protein, Rbf1, induces a debcl and drp1 -dependent mitochondrial apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)
Magnolol induces the distribvutional changes of p160 and adipose differentiation-related protein in adrenal cells. (ntu.edu.tw)
Protein aggregation of SERCA2 mutants associated with Darier disease elicits ER stress and apoptosis in keratinocytes. (medscape.com)

Chemical chaperones reduce ER stress and restore glucose homeostasis in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. (nih.gov)

However, resistance to apoptosis is considered to be a characteristic of several types of cancers. (hindawi.com)
Understanding the regulation of apoptosis during hypoxia and the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis might lead to more specific treatments for solid tumours. (bmj.com)

[ 2 , 5 ] MEFV mutation leads to formation of pyrin-marenostrin complex, which interacts with ASC and disrupts the cryopyrin-ASC interaction and specifically inhibits apoptosis and NF-kappa B activation. (medscape.com)
Two bacterial virulence factors are required for effective induction of apoptosis by extracellular GAS: (i) hyaluronic acid capsule that inhibits bacterial internalization and (ii) secreted cytolysin, streptolysin O (SLO), that forms. (lu.se)
Two bacterial virulence factors are required for effective induction of apoptosis by extracellular GAS: (i) hyaluronic acid capsule that inhibits bacterial internalization and (ii) secreted cytolysin, streptolysin O (SLO), that forms transmembrane pores that permit extracellular calcium influx into the cytosol. (lu.se)

Moreover, we determined that during purvalanol-mediated ER stress, autophagic machinery was also activated prior to apoptotic cell death finalization. (spandidos-publications.com)
Although purvalanol-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death were demonstrated in prostate ( 5 ), breast ( 6 ) and colon cancer cells ( 7 ), the exact molecular mechanism of purvanol-induced apoptosis has not been elucidated yet. (spandidos-publications.com)
3- 5 Therefore, during severe hypoxia or anoxia, the cell initiates a cascade of events that leads to apoptotic cell death, thereby preventing the accumulation of cells with hypoxia induced mutations. (bmj.com)

These findings reveal the mechanism of GBHs-induced intestinal damage in offspring, improving our understanding of the risk of GBHs exposure in pregnant women and suggesting the potential protective effects of betaine against GBHs poisoning. (nih.gov)
We now report an alternate mechanism of GAS-mediated apoptosis of primary human keratinocytes, initiated by extracellular GAS and involving dysregulation of intracellular calcium to produce endoplasmic reticulum stress. (lu.se)

In various mouse and rat models of obesity and type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, eCBs generated in various renal cells activate CB 1 receptors and contribute to the development of oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal fibrosis. (degruyter.com)
FOXA2 overexpression alleviated LPS‑induced inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and ERS in WI‑38 cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Although the treatment did not affect hepatic inflammation or endoplasmic reticulum stress, it inhibited the expression of the enzymes for gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis in the liver. (deepdyve.com)
Recently, the role of inflammation in the central nervous system, particularly the hypothalamus in diet-induced IR progress, has been noted in rodent models and human (Posey et al. (deepdyve.com)
2017). The inhibition of hypothalamic inflammation by intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of IKK2 inhibitor (IMD-0354) rectified PM2.5-induced glucose intolerance, IR, energy metabolism dysfunction, and attenuated peripheral inflammation in response to PM2.5 exposure (Song et al. (deepdyve.com)

Previous studies reported that ATF-3 was induced by treating cells with antitumorigenic compounds [ 14 - 18 ] and a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
Diclofenac significantly suppressed SH-SY5Y cell death induced by two types of ER-stress-inducing agents: thapsigargin, an inhibitor of Ca 2+ -ATPase on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, and tunicamycin, a glycosylation blocker. (elsevierpure.com)

These results suggest that the induction of apoptosis by the propolis derivative, GS-002, is partially mediated through ER stress and ATF-3-dependent pathways, and GS-002 has the potential for development as an antitumor drug. (hindawi.com)
In the past decade, induction of apoptosis has become the major strategy to combat cancer. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, a search for innovative strategies other than induction of apoptosis is urgently needed. (hindawi.com)
2 In addition, hypoxia induces genetic instability by the induction of fragile sites causing gene amplification. (bmj.com)
Induction of keratinocyte apoptosis by wild-type GAS was accompanied by cell detachment and loss of epithelial integrity, a phenomenon not observed with GAS deficient in capsule or SLO. (lu.se)
Induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis by a marine prostanoid in human hepatocellular carcinoma. (ntu.edu.tw)

In both genetic and diet-induced models of insulin resistance, CHOP deficiency improved β cell ultrastructure and promoted cell survival. (jci.org)

POH induced apoptosis in TMZ-sensitive and TMZ-resistant glioma cells. (cns.org)

In this paper, we will discuss whether PGE 2 can induce activation of ERS and GSK-3 β in chondrocytes and the protection role of TMF. (hindawi.com)
Purvalanol induced mitochondrial membrane potential loss, caspase-7 and caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage following a 48 h treatment. (spandidos-publications.com)
Diclofenac suppressed the activation of caspases induced by both ER stresses. (elsevierpure.com)
Although activation of TrkB signaling promotes development of epilepsy in this context, it also reduces SE-induced neuronal death. (jneurosci.org)
These findings strengthen the evidence that desirable and undesirable consequences of status epilepticus-induced TrkB activation are mediated by distinct signaling pathways downstream of this receptor. (jneurosci.org)
Yang KT, Pan SF, Chien CL , Hsu SM, Tseng YZ, Wang SM, and Wu ML. Mitochondrial Na+ overload is caused by oxidative stress and leads to activation of the caspase 3- dependent apoptotic machinery. (ntu.edu.tw)
Yen ML, Su JL, Chien CL , Tseng KW, Yang CY, Chen WF, Chang CC, and Kuo ML. Diosgenin induces HIF-1 activation and angiogenesis through estrogen receptor-related PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK pathways in osteoblasts. (ntu.edu.tw)

Whether 5,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF) plays the chondroprotective role in inhibition of PGE 2 -induced chondrocytes apoptosis associating with ERS has not been reported. (hindawi.com)
Ding ZM, Wu B, Zhang WQ et al (2012) Neuroprotective Effects of Ischemic Preconditioning and Postconditioning on Global Brain Ischemia in Rats through the same effect on inhibition of apoptosis. (springer.com)
The directed expression of Buffy in the dopamine producing neurons, via aDdc-Gal4 transgene, resulted in flies with increased climbing ability and enhanced survival, while the inhibition of Buffy in the dopaminergic neurons reduced climbing ability over time prematurely, similar to the phenotype observed in the alpha-synuclein-induced Drosophila model of PD. (sdbonline.org)

Subsequently, the expression of Buffy was altered in the alpha-synuclein-induced Drosophila model of PD. (sdbonline.org)

Apoptosis is one of the major mechanisms that lead to neuronal death after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. (springer.com)
Many mechanisms of ethanol-induced fatty liver have been proposed. (medscape.com)

In addition, we observed a nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G in CNGA3−/−/Nrl−/− and CNGB3−/−/Nrl−/− retinas, implying a mitochondrial insult in the endoplasmic reticulum stress-activated cell death process. (cipsm.de)

It has been established by recent studies that pomegranate derived products abrogate chemically induced tumors of lung, skin, breast and colon and it also abates the metastasis of xenografted lung and prostrate tumors in rodents 13 . (nature.com)

This study demonstrates that debcl and the pro-fission gene drp1 are necessary downstream of buffy to trigger a mitochondrial fragmentation during rbf1 -induced apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)

Taken together, our findings suggest a crucial role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in cone degeneration associated with CNG channel deficiency. (cipsm.de)

The Apoptotic Process of Human Bladder Carcinoma T24 Cells Induced by Retinoid. (ntu.edu.tw)

Oxidative stress occurs when the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a system exceeds the system's ability to neutralize and eliminate them. (nih.gov)

Along with these, up-regulation of the cysteine protease calpains and cleavage of caspase-12 and caspase-7 were found in the channel-deficient retinas, suggesting an endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis. (cipsm.de)
Lead-induced apoptosis in PC 12 cells: involvement of p53, Bcl-2 family and caspase-3. (who.int)

Low ATP concentrations in hypoxic tumour cells disable the apoptotic cascade and induce cell death by necrosis. (bmj.com)

Apoptosis can be induced in response to hypoxia. (bmj.com)
Cells adapt to this environmental stress, so that after repeated periods of hypoxia, selection for resistance to hypoxia induced apoptosis occurs. (bmj.com)
7 Severe hypoxia in the presence of energy stimulates cells to undergo apoptosis, whereas oxygen levels above 0.5% prevent cell death. (bmj.com)
However, clinical practice and experiments have shown that ischemia, hypoxia, and inflammatory cell infiltration at the injured site will produce a large amount of ROS, forming an oxidative stress microenvironment. (researchsquare.com)

Importantly, genetic disruption of TrkB-Shc signaling exacerbated hippocampal neuronal death induced by SE. (jneurosci.org)

By treatment with PGE 2 , the chondrocytes apoptosis was significantly increased, the proapoptotic CHOP and JNK were upregulated, the prosurvival GRP78 and XBP1 were downregulated, and GSK-3 β was also upregulated. (hindawi.com)

[ 1 ] This pump maintains a low cytoplasmic Ca 2+ level by actively transporting calcium ions from the cytosol into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. (medscape.com)

The cross-talk between the mitochondrion and the nucleus regulates cellular functions, including differentiation and adaptation to stress. (pdbwiki.org)
We propose that cell signalling initiated by extracellular GAS compromises the epithelial barrier by inducing premature keratinocyte differentiation and apoptosis, thereby facilitating GAS invasion of deeper tissues. (lu.se)

The role of the early growth response-1 (EGr-1) transcription factor is thought to be essential for ethanol-induced fatty liver injury in mice. (medscape.com)
Hepatocyte death by apoptosis occurs in alcoholic fatty liver and has been demonstrated in rats and mice after ethanol feeding. (medscape.com)

In addition, we found that isolated islets from Chop -/- mice displayed increased expression of UPR and oxidative stress response genes and reduced levels of oxidative damage. (jci.org)

Wang JY, Shen J, Gao Q et al (2008) Ischemic postconditioning protects against global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in rats. (springer.com)

Liang HW, Qiu SF, Shen J et al (2008) Genistein attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal damage following transient global cerebral ischemia in rat hippocampus. (springer.com)

HCT 116 colon cancer cells were exposed to purvalanol, which activated ER stress via upregulation of PERK, IRE1α gene expression, eIF-2α phosphorylation and ATF-6 cleavage at early time-points in the HCT 116 colon cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

PM2.5 exposure leads to hepatic insulin resistance (IR) that was accompanied by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis (Laing et al. (deepdyve.com)

On the other hand, ATF-3 is rapidly induced in cells treated with growth stimulators such as serum and growth factors [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)

Finally, the inflammatory cytokine PGE 2 can activate ERS signaling and promote chondrocytes apoptosis, which might be associated with upregulation of GSK-3 β . (hindawi.com)
Inflammatory cytokines were evaluated using ELISA kits and oxidative stress markers were assessed using a malondialdehyde assay kit, superoxide dismutase assay kit and CATalase assay kit. (spandidos-publications.com)

This is the first report to find that diclofenac has protective effects against ER-stress-induced apoptosis. (elsevierpure.com)
In conclusion, FOXA2 served a protective role against LPS‑induced pneumonia by regulating p38/STAT3 signaling, providing a novel idea for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for pneumonia. (spandidos-publications.com)

Activating transcription factor-(ATF-) 3, a stress-inducible transcription factor, is rapidly upregulated under various stress conditions and plays an important role in inducing cancer cell apoptosis. (hindawi.com)

Hepatic fibrosis in rats was induced by the intra-peritoneal injection of NDEA (10 mlkg −1 b.wt. (nature.com)

Anatomy31

Organisms9

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs134

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes51

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Activated by endoplasmic reticulum1

Triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress1

Neuronal apoptosis3

Autophagy8

Proliferation5

Pathway14

Proteins13

Oxidative stress and apoptosis2

Protein17

Homeostasis1

Resistance to apoptosis2

Inhibits3

Apoptotic cell3

Mechanism2

Inflammation5

Inhibitor2

Induction6

Diet-induced1

Glioma cells1

Activation7

Inhibition3

Subsequently1

Mechanisms2

Translocation1

Chemically induced1

Fragmentation1

Deficiency1

Cells induced1

Reactive oxygen1

Caspase2

Necrosis1

Hypoxia4

Hippocampal1

Significantly1

Lumen1

Differentiation2

Fatty liver2

CHOP1

Protects1

Ischemia1

PERK1

Insulin1

Serum1

Inflammatory2

Protective2

Transcription factor1

Hepatic1