• A concentration of 5 μmol l -1 of XTZ completely inhibited biofilm formation by S. mutans at adherent phases of growth, whereas 50 μmol l -1 of XTZ removed 76% of biofilm at q1plateau accumulated phase when exposed to S. mutans biofilm for 60 min. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Objective: This study aimed to compare in vitro the Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation on conventional light-cured composite resin with that on experimental light-cured composite resin, modified with silver nanoparticles. (bvsalud.org)
  • Variation in Enamel Formation Genes Influences Enamel Demineralization In Vitro in a Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Model by: Liangyue Pang, et al. (uitm.edu.my)
  • on the Streptococcus mutans biofilms in vitro. (elsevierpure.com)
  • shows promise as an antibacterial agent for inhibiting and removing S. mutans biofilms in vitro. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Rukayadi, Y & Hwang, JK 2006, ' In vitro activity of xanthorrhizol against Streptococcus mutans biofilms ', Letters in Applied Microbiology , vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 400-404. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Furthermore, the antimicrobial abilities evaluated in vitro with Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans ), Fusobacterium nucleatum ( F. nucleatum ) and Candida albicans ( C. albicans ) using the live/dead, MTT and colony-forming units (CFUs) assay. (peerj.com)
  • In this study, the effect of manuka honey on S. pyogenes (M28) was investigated in vitro with planktonic and biofilm cultures using MIC, MBC, microscopy and aggregation efficiency. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • To evaluate in vitro the effect of a red propolis ethanolic extract (RPE) in the prevention of growth of a cariogenic biofilm and its cytotoxic potential. (bvsalud.org)
  • S. mutans biofilm model to evaluate antimicrobial substances and enamel demineralization by: Renzo Alberto Ccahuana-Vásquez, et al. (uitm.edu.my)
  • Antimicrobial peptide temporin derivatives inhibit biofilm formation and virulence factor expression of Streptococcus mutans . (bvsalud.org)
  • Effect of a berry polyphenolic fraction on biofilm formation, adherence properties and gene expression of Streptococcus mutans and its biocompatibility with oral epithelial cells. (cranberryinstitute.org)
  • The berry polyphenolic preparation dose-dependently inhibited S. mutans biofilm formation while not reducing bacterial growth. (cranberryinstitute.org)
  • Overall, this study presents a safe and effective approach to decrease the dental biofilm formation without disrupting the ecological balance of the oral cavity. (illinois.edu)
  • Introduction: Currently, new methods to reduce biofilm formation on biomaterials are very studied, for example the use of silver nanoparticles, which were bactericidal. (bvsalud.org)
  • Significance and Impact of the Study: XTZ could be used as a potential antibacterial agent against biofilm formation by S. mutans. (elsevierpure.com)
  • A symbiotic relationship with S. mutans and Candida albicans leads to increased glucan production and increased biofilm formation. (wikipedia.org)
  • It stimulates the formation of S. mutans microcolonies. (wikipedia.org)
  • The formation of a biofilm begins with the attachment of free-floating microorganisms to a surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ideal therapeutics for this disease will aim to selectively inhibit the biofilm formation process while preserving the natural bacterial flora of the mouth. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Numerous studies have shown that flavonols and polyphenols can inhibit Gtf and biofilm formation at millimolar concentrations. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Discovery of natural products capable to inhibit biofilm formation is of high importance for developing health care products. (alquds.edu)
  • To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the effect of sumac extract and its constituent MG on biofilm formation using an optical profilometry assay. (alquds.edu)
  • Recently, we observed that a sustained-release varnish containing triclosan and cannabidiol (CBD) was more efficient than each compound alone in preventing biofilm formation by the fungus Candida albicans, which is frequently involved in oral infections together with S. mutans. (huji.ac.il)
  • Increased biofilm formation was observed at sub-MIC concentrations of each compound alone, while combining the drugs at these sub-MIC concentrations, the biofilm formation was prevented. (huji.ac.il)
  • The inhibition of biofilm formation was confirmed by CV biomass staining, MTT metabolic activity, HR-SEM and live/dead together with exopolysaccharide (EPS) staining visualized by spinning disk confocal microscopy. (huji.ac.il)
  • Two major thrusts in the last decade have dramatically impacted our understanding of biofilms: the utilization of the confocal laser scanning microscope to characterize biofilm ultrastructure, and an investigation of the genes involved in cell adhesion and biofilm formation. (cdc.gov)
  • A practical approach utilized in this study involves the preparation of an antibacterial thin film on the surfaces, which can effectively inhibit and reduce biofilm formation and bacterial adherence. (nature.com)
  • The virulence factors of Candida albicans are germ tube and biofilm formation, adherence to host tissues, and production of hydrolytic enzymes. (hindawi.com)
  • angustifolia extract on the germ tube and biofilm formation of C. albicans . (hindawi.com)
  • SEM results showed concentration dependent reduction in biofilm and hyphae formation. (hindawi.com)
  • DVA extract has ability to reduce virulence of C. albicans by inhibiting germ tube and biofilm formation through damage to the cell wall. (hindawi.com)
  • Pathogenic characteristics such as germ tube and biofilm formation and production of tissue damaging enzymes are possible targets of new drugs. (hindawi.com)
  • The present study investigated the effect of subinhibitory concentration of crude extract of DVA on the germ tube and biofilm formation by C. albicans . (hindawi.com)
  • Biofilm formation requires three different stages: cell attachment to a solid substrate, adhesion, and growth. (intechopen.com)
  • Any drug impairing crucial processes for bacterial life will inevitably lead to the development of drug-resistant strains, whereas the inhibition of biofilm formation might prevent the onset of bacterial resistance. (intechopen.com)
  • In this section, we will focus on proteins involved in biofilm formation as useful targets for the development of new drugs that can effectively and specifically impair biofilm formation with slight effects on cell survival, thus avoiding the generation of drug-resistant strains. (intechopen.com)
  • Saliva and its components are essential for the maintenance of oral health through the formation of the biofilm that covers the teeth and oral mucosa. (positivehealth.com)
  • Therapeutic failures of antibiotics used to treat macrolide-susceptible Streptococcus pyogenes infections may be due to biofilm formation. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Fibrinogen induces biofilm formation by Streptococcus suis and enhances its antibiotic resistance. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Cellulose membrane disks (13 mm, N=12) were used for biofilm formation (24 h) of S. mutans and L. casei , which were treated (1 min) with 0.4% RPE or 0.12% Chlorhexidine (CHX). (bvsalud.org)
  • The control group of biofilm formation was not submitted to any treatment. (bvsalud.org)
  • In 2014, a study was performed at the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology in Brazil to determine the effects of burdock root on Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans , Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata . (yeastinfectionadvisor.com)
  • The three species of Candida build biofilms as well. (yeastinfectionadvisor.com)
  • In 2006, research Gentil and associates from the University of Ribeirão Preto in Brazil, implanted 27 teeth with a bacterial mix of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus acidophilus , Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans . (yeastinfectionadvisor.com)
  • To the best of our knowledge, in all previous scientific reports, a colorimetric assay was applied to test the effect of sumac and methyl gallate (MG) on S. mutans adherence. (alquds.edu)
  • citation needed] It is believed that Streptococcus mutans acquired the gene that enables it to produce biofilms through horizontal gene transfer with other lactic acid bacterial species, such as Lactobacillus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Luvbiotics product line is also available in mouthwash and toothpaste, however, these products contain Lactobacillus parcasei which has been shown to inhibit Streptococcus mutans , the main bacteria that causes cavities. (healthnews.com)
  • The colony counts of Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans ), Streptococcus sanguinis ( S. sanguinis ), and Lactobacillus acidophilus ( L. acidophilus ) and the diameters of growth inhibition zones were measured at 3, 15, and 30 days after exposure to the materials. (thejcdp.com)
  • Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei were determined. (bvsalud.org)
  • Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. (bvsalud.org)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate a berry (wild blueberry, cranberry, and strawberry) polyphenolic fraction, commercialized as OrophenolR, for its antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and anti-adhesion properties on S. mutans. (cranberryinstitute.org)
  • The findings are important for the development of novel pharmaceuticals and formulations of natural products and extracts that possess anti‑biofilm activities with primary applications for oral health, and in a broader context, for the treatment of various bacterial infections. (alquds.edu)
  • We observed that the combined treatment of triclosan and CBD had stronger anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activity than each compound alone, thus enabling the use of lower concentrations of each drug to achieve the desired effect. (huji.ac.il)
  • Importantly, the concentrations required for the anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities toward S. mutans were non-toxic to the normal Vero epithelial cells. (huji.ac.il)
  • Dental plaques are biofilms that cause dental caries by demineralization with acidogenic bacteria. (illinois.edu)
  • Its presence in the biofilm promotes higher levels of S. mutans when looking at early childhood caries. (wikipedia.org)
  • This decreases the biofilm pathogenesis, and therefore its caries promoting potential. (wikipedia.org)
  • Surviving in the oral cavity, S. mutans is the primary causal agent and the pathogenic species responsible for dental caries (tooth decay or cavities) specifically in the initiation and development stages. (wikipedia.org)
  • Streptococcus mutans is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, and an important etiologic agent of dental caries (Loesche 1986 ). (springeropen.com)
  • Finally, the impact of the peptides on the caries induced ability of S. mutans was measured using a rat caries model. (bvsalud.org)
  • Streptococcus mutans has been implicated as the major etiological agent in the initiation and the development of dental caries due to its robust capacity to form tenacious biofilms. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) bacterium is the most well recognized pathogen involved in pathogenesis of dental caries. (alquds.edu)
  • Streptococcus mutans is a Gram-positive bacterium highly associated with dental caries, and it has a strong biofilm-forming ability, especially in a sugar-rich environment. (huji.ac.il)
  • The EEP seems to be a potent antibacterial substance against S. mutans dental biofilm, but presented no inhibitory action on the de-remineralization of caries process. (propolisscience.org)
  • For example, a diet rich in dietary carbohydrate such as refined sugar favors bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans , the organism that causes dental caries. (medscape.com)
  • Among her recent areas of study was a new bi-functional nanotechnology combining natural enzymes with catalytic nanoparticles (termed nanohybrid) that can precisely disrupt cariogenic biofilms and prevent caries onset. (upenn.edu)
  • Dental caries results from surface demineralization caused by an organized biofilm exposed to fermentable carbohydrates from the diet [1]. (bvsalud.org)
  • It progresses through the establishment of a biofilm that may be visible as plaque, followed by demineralization of the enamel resulting in a precavity lesion, or "white spot. (cdc.gov)
  • We propose an antibiotic-free strategy to disrupt the biofilm by engineered clustered carbon dot nanoparticles that function in the acidic environment of the biofilms. (illinois.edu)
  • 90% biofilm inhibition associated with the contact-mediated interaction of nanoparticles with the bacterial membrane, excessive reactive oxygen species generation, and DNA fragmentation. (illinois.edu)
  • An in vivo examination showed that these nanoparticles could effectively suppress the growth of S. mutans. (illinois.edu)
  • In their study, the team compared the therapeutic ability of their nanoparticles with Chlorhexidine, a chemical currently used by dentists to eradicate biofilm. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Our HfO2 nanoparticles are far more efficient at killing the bacteria and reducing the biofilm burden both in cell cultures of bacteria and in [infected] rats," said Ostadhossein, noting that their new technology is also much safer than conventional treatment. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Cariogenic bacteria are found in the complex biofilm which contains many kinds of bacteria called dental plaque. (positivehealth.com)
  • In order to accomplish this, Fatemeh Ostadhossein, a Bioengineering graduate student in Pan's group, developed a plaque detection probe that works in conjunction with common X-ray technology and which is capable of finding specific harmful bacteria known as Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in a complex biofilm network. (technologynetworks.com)
  • The ability of Streptococcus mutans to adhere to oral surfaces and form biofilm is a key step in the tooth decay process. (cranberryinstitute.org)
  • The samples were incubated in bacterial suspension (S. mutans) enriched with 20% sucrose to promote biofilm growth on the surfaces. (bvsalud.org)
  • Conclusion: Resins modified with silver presented reduction of S. mutans biofilm on their surfaces, according to the conditions of this study. (bvsalud.org)
  • Biofilm bacteria attach to surfaces and are surrounded by an extracellular matrix called the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) (Costerton et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Biofilms may form on living (biotic) or non-living (abiotic) surfaces and can be prevalent in natural, industrial, and hospital settings. (wikipedia.org)
  • Microorganisms attach to surfaces and develop biofilms. (cdc.gov)
  • Rediscovery of a microbiologic phenomenon, first described by van Leeuwenhoek, that microorganisms attach to and grow universally on exposed surfaces led to studies that revealed surface-associated microorganisms (biofilms) exhibited a distinct phenotype with respect to gene transcription and growth rate. (cdc.gov)
  • Van Leeuwenhoek, using his simple microscopes, first observed microorganisms on tooth surfaces and can be credited with the discovery of microbial biofilms. (cdc.gov)
  • Bacteria can be found in planktonic form or in specific conditions, as sessile aggregates on both biotic and abiotic surfaces originating complex structures known as biofilm. (intechopen.com)
  • for example, S mutans and Streptococcus sanguis typically adhere to hard surfaces, while Streptococcus salivarius is found primarily on the tongue. (medscape.com)
  • Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans ) is among the most commonly isolated microorganisms from the cariogenic plaques accumulated on tooth surfaces. (thejcdp.com)
  • Direct SEM observation clearly revealed that bacterial cells in a biofilm were extensively surrounded by fibrous or amorphous matrices, which represented the EPS (Marrie and Costerton 1984 ). (springeropen.com)
  • Microbes form a biofilm in response to a number of different factors, [9] which may include cellular recognition of specific or non-specific attachment sites on a surface, nutritional cues, or in some cases, by exposure of planktonic cells to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics . (wikipedia.org)
  • When the good and bad bacteria in our mouth become imbalanced, the bad bacteria form a biofilm (aka plaque), which can cause cavities, and if left untreated over time, can lead to cardiovascular and other inflammatory diseases like diabetes and bacterial pneumonia. (technologynetworks.com)
  • When farnesol is in high concentration, it inhibits the growth of both S. mutans and C. albicans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among experts there's a strong consensus that tooth decay is caused by the acid (mainly lactic acid) produced by the S. mutans bacteria that harbor the oral cavity which feed on fermentable carbohydrates. (stackexchange.com)
  • In this study, S. mutans biofilms were formed on blocks of bovine dental enamel of a predetermined surface hardness (SH). (uitm.edu.my)
  • [8] Biofilms can form on the teeth of most animals as dental plaque , where they may cause tooth decay and gum disease . (wikipedia.org)
  • Influence of a Brazilian wild green propolis on the enamel mineral loss and Streptococcus mutans' count in dental biofilm. (propolisscience.org)
  • This study investigated the anti-demineralizing and antibacterial effects of a propolis ethanolic extract (EEP) against Streptococcus mutans dental biofilm. (propolisscience.org)
  • [ 3 , 4 ] Evidence also exists that significant interaction of bacterial types within biofilm may either enhance or suppress metabolic activity that leads to dental infection. (medscape.com)
  • Streptococcus sanguinis ( S. sanguinis ) is another microorganism found in noncariogenic plaques at a pH of 5.5 and its presence in dental plaque indicates low cariogenic activity of plaque. (thejcdp.com)
  • These carbohydrates act as nutrients for biofilm bacteria, especially acidogenic and aciduric species. (bvsalud.org)
  • [8] [5] The first colonist bacteria of a biofilm may adhere to the surface initially by the weak van der Waals forces and hydrophobic effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • 5 ) in 1978 put forth a theory of biofilms that explained the mechanisms whereby microorganisms adhere to living and nonliving materials and the benefits accrued by this ecologic niche. (cdc.gov)
  • Through this nanohybrid system, we would like to introduce a concept of exploiting the natural settings found in pathological conditions (high sugar and acidic pH) to trigger self-generating chemical weapons used by commensals to fight against pathogenic bacteria to deter cariogenic biofilm establishment," says Dr. Liu. (upenn.edu)
  • Streptococcus mutans is a facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive coccus (round bacterium) commonly found in the human oral cavity and is a significant contributor to tooth decay. (wikipedia.org)
  • Along with S. sobrinus, S. mutans plays a major role in tooth decay, metabolizing sucrose to lactic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • S. mutans uses the enzyme glucansucrase to convert sucrose into a sticky, extracellular, dextran-based polysaccharide that allows them to cohere, forming plaque. (wikipedia.org)
  • S. mutans produces dextran via the enzyme dextransucrase (a hexosyltransferase) using sucrose as a substrate in the following reaction: n sucrose → (glucose)n + n fructose Sucrose is the only sugar that bacteria can use to form this sticky polysaccharide. (wikipedia.org)
  • S. mutans is most prevalent on the pits and fissures, constituting 39% of the total streptococci in the oral cavity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our findings demonstrate therapeutic precision of a bi-functional nanotechnology against a biofilm-related disease in a controlled-manner activated when pathological conditions arise in the oral cavity. (upenn.edu)
  • The lead compound also did not affect the growth of two commensal species (Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus gordonii) at least up to 200 μM, indicating that it can selectively inhibit cariogenic biofilms, while leaving commensal and/or beneficial microbes intact. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The composite sample containing both nano-TiO 2 and nano-SiO 2 had the greatest efficacy for reduction of S. mutans and S. sanguinis colony counts at all three time points. (thejcdp.com)
  • It is part of the "streptococci", an informal general name for all species in the genus Streptococcus. (wikipedia.org)
  • This bacterium, along with the closely related species Streptococcus sobrinus, can cohabit the mouth: Both contribute to oral disease, and the expense of differentiating them in laboratory testing is often not clinically necessary. (wikipedia.org)
  • This grouping of similar bacteria with similar tropism can also be seen in the viridans streptococci, another group of Streptococcus species. (wikipedia.org)
  • S. mutans is naturally present in the human oral microbiota, along with at least 25 other species of oral streptococci. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biofilms can attach to a surface such as a tooth or rock, and may include a single species or a diverse group of microorganisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • At concentrations ranging from 250 to 1000 micro g/mL, the fraction inhibited the adhesion of S. mutans to both saliva-coated hydroxyapatite and saliva-coated nickel-chrome alloy. (cranberryinstitute.org)
  • Methods and Results: The biofilms of S. mutans at different phases of growth were exposed to XTZ at different concentrations (5, 10 and 50 μmol l -1 ) and for different time exposures (1, 10, 30 and 60 min). (elsevierpure.com)
  • This is achieved through low concentrations of cross-kingdom metabolites, such as farnesol, derived from the biofilm. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several of these compounds emerged to be biofilm inhibitors at low micro-molar concentrations. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Bactericidal effects were found in both planktonic cultures and biofilms, although higher concentrations of manuka honey were needed to inhibit biofilms. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Recently, proteins involved in the colonization of teeth by S. mutans have been shown to produce antibodies that inhibit the cariogenic process. (wikipedia.org)
  • [2] [3] The cells within the biofilm produce the EPS components, which are typically a polymeric conglomeration of extracellular polysaccharides , proteins , lipids and DNA . (wikipedia.org)
  • Biofilm is a complex matrix consisting of extracellular polysaccharides, DNA, and proteins that protect bacteria from a variety of physical, chemical, and biological stresses allowing them to survive in hostile environments. (intechopen.com)
  • The biofilm matrix consists of polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA and constitutes a stubborn source that protects bacteria from a variety of physical, chemical, and biological stresses. (intechopen.com)
  • The gene expression level of virulence factors of S. mutans was detected by qRT- PCR . (bvsalud.org)
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a novel Triclosan Methacrylate (TM) monomer, which was developed and incorporated into an experimental resin composite, on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilms, focusing on the analyses of vicR, gtfD, gtfC, covR, and gbpB gene expression, cell viability and biofilm characteristics. (unicamp.br)
  • The contact time between TM-composite and S. mutans down-regulated the gbpB and covR and up-regulated the gtfC gene expression, reduced cell viability and significantly decreased parameters of the structure and characteristics of S. mutans biofilm virulence. (unicamp.br)
  • The microbial cells growing in a biofilm are physiologically distinct from planktonic cells of the same organism, which, by contrast, are single cells that may float or swim in a liquid medium. (wikipedia.org)
  • An established biofilm structure comprises microbial cells and EPS, has a defined architecture, and provides an optimal environment for the exchange of genetic material between cells. (cdc.gov)
  • A biofilm is an assemblage of surface-associated microbial cells that is enclosed in an extracellular polymeric substance matrix. (cdc.gov)
  • Biofilms are an ensemble of microbial cells irreversibly associated with a surface and enclosed in an essentially self-produced matrix. (intechopen.com)
  • Due to the role S. mutans plays in tooth decay, many attempts have been made to create a vaccine for the organism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Its virulence arises from its ability to produce a biofilm and acidogenicity, causing tooth decay. (alquds.edu)
  • A biofilm comprises any syntrophic consortium of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • These biofilm microorganisms have been shown to elicit specific mechanisms for initial attachment to a surface, development of a community structure and ecosystem, and detachment. (cdc.gov)
  • A biofilm usually begins to form when a free-swimming bacterium attaches to a surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • Manuka honey permeated 24 h established biofilms of S. pyogenes, resulting in significant cell death and dissociation of cells from the biofilm. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • S. mutans is one of a few specialized organisms equipped with receptors that improve adhesion to the surface of teeth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biofilm, on teeth termed plaque, can build up in the mouth and reach substantial numbers. (medscape.com)
  • In practice, Pan envisions a dentist applying the probe on the patient's teeth and using the X-ray machine to accurately visualize the extent of the biofilm plaque. (technologynetworks.com)
  • A morphological analysis of biofilm was also performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been successfully used to image biofilms because of its high resolution and magnification. (springeropen.com)
  • Many early biofilm studies used scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed in detail the surface morphologies of microbial biofilms and their structure. (springeropen.com)
  • Much of the work in the last 2 decades has relied on tools such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or standard microbiologic culture techniques for biofilm characterization. (cdc.gov)
  • Biofilms were grown on coverslips in the presence of plant extracts and processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (hindawi.com)
  • The EPS has many functions, such as promoting the microbial adhesion and structural stability of the biofilm (Flemming et al. (springeropen.com)
  • It has been shown that the peptides inhibited biofilm rapid accumulation by weakening the initial adhesion of S. mutans and reducing the production of EPS. (bvsalud.org)
  • Compared with samples prepared by the conventional method, the ionic-liquid-treated samples do not exhibit a fibrous extracellular matrix structure and cracking on the biofilm surface. (springeropen.com)
  • Biofilm-associated cells can be differentiated from their suspended counterparts by generation of an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix, reduced growth rates, and the up- and down- regulation of specific genes. (cdc.gov)
  • It precisely kills the cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans and degrades the extracellular matrix while sparing commensals such as Streptococcus oralis in a low-pH environment, resulting in localized biofilm disruption," says Dr. Liu. (upenn.edu)
  • However, other sugars-glucose, fructose, lactose-can also be digested by S. mutans, but they produce lactic acid as an end product. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lactic acid is the major end-product of glycolysis by Streptococcus mutans under conditions of sugar excess or low environmental pH. (stackexchange.com)
  • Since milk contains lactose which is converted to lactic acid by S.mutans, doesn't this support the argument that milk is actually cariogenic? (stackexchange.com)
  • It has been suggested that when both microbes are present, more biofilm matrix is produced, with a greater density. (wikipedia.org)
  • Testing antibacterial activity of the sumac extract and its fractions revealed that MG is the most bioactive component against S. mutans bacteria. (alquds.edu)
  • Red propolis extract showed antibacterial activity against the tested strains, exhibited acceptable cytotoxicity and reduced the colonization of S. mutans and L. casei in a biofilm membrane model. (bvsalud.org)
  • Iron (Fe) may have an anticaries effect by specific inhibition of glycosyltransferase (GTF) enzymes of Streptococcus mutans, but this hypothesis has not yet been clarified. (uitm.edu.my)
  • GHaR and GHa11R might be promising candidates for controlling S. mutans infections . (bvsalud.org)
  • Biofilms have great importance for public health because of their role in certain infectious diseases and importance in a variety of device-related infections. (cdc.gov)
  • They also concluded that by removing these biofilms burdock would help the host immune system fight these infections . (yeastinfectionadvisor.com)
  • Oral streptococci comprise both harmless and harmful bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacterial survival assay, fluorescent staining assay and transmission electron microscopy observation were applied to explore how the peptides inhibited and killed S. mutans. (bvsalud.org)
  • 3 ) used scanning and transmission electron microscopy to examine biofilms on trickling filters in a wastewater treatment plant and showed them to be composed of a variety of organisms (based on cell morphology). (cdc.gov)
  • We have screened a group of 14 hydroxychalcones, synthetic precursors of flavonols, in an S. mutans biofilm assay. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Quantitative assessment of the developed biofilm should be further performed by applying an optical profilometry assay, and by testing the effect on both surface roughness and thickness parameters of the biofilm. (alquds.edu)
  • Another study that was published by scientists Rajasekharan et al in the Journal Microbiol Biotechnology , was performed on the biofilm building K. pneumoniae . (yeastinfectionadvisor.com)