• Both p20 and p10 bound preferentially to structured RNA molecules. (cshl.edu)
  • RNAi is activated when RNA molecules occur as double-stranded pairs in the cell. (europa.eu)
  • Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) activates a biochemical machinery into the cell which degrades those mRNA molecules with a genetic code complementary to that of the dsRNA. (europa.eu)
  • RNA interference can be induced by synthetic short double-stranded RNA molecules containing around 21-25 nucleotides (short interfering RNAs - siRNAs). (europa.eu)
  • Such silencing RNA molecules can be introduced into the cell and activate the RNA interference machinery to silence the complementary mRNA sequence. (europa.eu)
  • Because alternative RNA splicing allows different types of mRNA molecules to be created from a single gene, it generates the diversity of protein function and structure that is essential to complex organisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • RNA molecules which hybridize to complementary sequences in either RNA or DNA altering the function of the latter. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • More specifically, antisense oligonucleotides that are useful as reagents for target validation , or as drugs, are engineered molecules that differ from natural RNA but that have a base sequence that is recognized as being complementary to a very specific mRNA sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • The proteins involved in homologous recombination have to work around other processes that go on inside the nucleus, such as the transcription of DNA in genes into RNA molecules. (elifesciences.org)
  • Reduced activity of the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase during a heat shock stress. (wikidata.org)
  • Previous research has shown that infection with coronaviruses activates an innate immune response upon sensing of viral RNA by interferon-induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1), also known as MDA5. (frontiersin.org)
  • Whereas the roles of protein-DNA interactions in HR and NHEJ have been fairly well defined, the functions of small and long non-coding RNAs and RNA-DNA hybrids in the DNA damage response is just beginning to be elucidated. (preprints.org)
  • Identification of a 90-kDa polypeptide which associates with adenovirus VA RNAI and is phosphorylated by the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase. (wikidata.org)
  • The double stranded RNA-activated protein kinase induced by interferon: dsRNA-PK. (wikidata.org)
  • Likewise, Z-DNA-binding protein (ZBP1), which senses both Z-DNA and Z-RNA, has been lost during the evolution of pangolins. (frontiersin.org)
  • The double-stranded (ds) RNA-activated protein kinase, DAI (also known as PKR), contains an RNA-binding domain comprising two tandem repeats of a motif, the dsRBM, which is shared with a number of other proteins that interact with structured RNAs. (cshl.edu)
  • Relatively simple, synthetic, double-stranded RNAs can be powerful viral pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) mimics, inducing a panoply of antiviral and antitumor responses that act at multiple stages of host defense. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 87(5): 1663-1667] Specifically, the investigators started by priming whole cerebellar RNA with a synthetic oligonucleotide containing a T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Synthetic antisense RNAs are used to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • RNA interference is an evolutionary conserved gene regulatory mechanism that can be used by introducing exogenous synthetic double-stranded RNAs, so called small interfering RNA (siRNA). (lu.se)
  • DDX58/RIG-I, a sensor of cytoplasmic viral RNA and toll-like receptors (TLR) 3, 7, and 8, which bind RNA in endosomes, are conserved in pangolins. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, to facilitate the transfer of the functional interfering RNA sequences to infected animals, we have constructed a recombinant DNA viral vector commonly used as a vaccine. (europa.eu)
  • After transcription, the shRNA is processed into active 21-nucleotides RNAs by a cellular enzyme called Dicer, and it recognises and destroys the viral mRNA target. (europa.eu)
  • Cellular 5'-3' mRNA exonuclease Xrn1 controls double-stranded RNA accumulation and anti-viral responses. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, we identified three efficient target genes (β‐ Actin , SRP54 , and SNAP ) for RNAi using in vitro double‐stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) fed to HV, and found that dsRNAs targeting β‐ Actin messenger RNA ( dsACT ) induced more potent RNAi than those targeting the other two genes. (jipb.net)
  • Here, we performed a comparative genomics study of RNA sensor genes in three species of pangolins. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cells can inhibit the expression of intrinsic or foreign genes at the mRNA level by RNA interference. (europa.eu)
  • RNA interference occurs in plants, animals, and humans and it is already being used as a method to study the function of genes and as a defence strategy against diseases. (europa.eu)
  • Previous research has reported that forming a double-strand break in the DNA reduces the levels of transcription for the genes that surround the break, but it was not clear how this occurred. (elifesciences.org)
  • In mammalian cells, inhibiting the transcription of genes around a double-strand DNA break depends on a signaling pathway that is activated whenever DNA damage is detected. (elifesciences.org)
  • One of the next challenges will be to see if the resection process makes any contribution to changes in the transcription of genes that surround a double-strand break in mammals as well. (elifesciences.org)
  • RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a powerful technology for pest management. (jipb.net)
  • The strategy is based on the RNA interference (RNAi), a process which has been the winning research of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2006. (europa.eu)
  • RNA isolated from infected RK13 or HeLa cells maintained PKR-activating properties only when dsRNA was present. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The etiological agent, CSF virus (CSFV), is an enveloped virus with a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome, classified as a member of the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae (Becher et al. (usda.gov)
  • Therefore, the conversion of the DSB ends from double-stranded to single-stranded DNA, which is necessary to initiate DSB repair by homologous recombination, is responsible for loss of transcription around a DSB in S. cerevisiae . (elifesciences.org)
  • These single-stranded DNA 'tails' are then free to interact with an intact copy of the same DNA sequence from elsewhere in the cell's nucleus, which is used as a guide when repairing the damage. (elifesciences.org)
  • Instead, the experiments indicate that it is the resection of the DNA around a double-strand break to form single-stranded tails that inhibits transcription in budding yeast. (elifesciences.org)
  • RNA Interference-mediated Silencing of Phytochelatin Synthase Gene Reduce Cadmium Accumulation in Rice Seeds [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
  • Sodium Stress in the Halophyte Thellungiella halophila and Transcriptional Changes in a thsos1-RNA Interference Line [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
  • However, a key challenge in translating siRNA into the clinic is the inefficacy to deliver siRNA across the plasma membrane, but most importantly, to escape the endosomal system and reach the cytosol where they can interact with the RNA interference machinery. (lu.se)
  • We have expressed the entire domain and the first copy of the motif in Escherichia coli and purified the two proteins, p20 and p10, to apparent homogeneity in order to study their interactions with RNA and with the intact kinase enzyme. (cshl.edu)
  • Emerging evidence indicate that the mammalian checkpoint kinase ATM induces transcriptional silencing in cis to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through a poorly understood mechanism. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here we describe prime editing, a versatile and precise genome editing method that directly writes new genetic information into a specified DNA site using a catalytically impaired Cas9 endonuclease fused to an engineered reverse transcriptase, programmed with a prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA) that both specifies the target site and encodes the desired edit. (nature.com)
  • RNA-guided human genome engineering via Cas9. (nature.com)
  • However, while there are a few studies investigating the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on mitochondrial metabolism, the effect on the transcription of mitochondrial non-coding RNAs has not been investigated yet. (frontiersin.org)
  • This result suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 infection somehow affected the metabolism of small mitochondrial RNAs specifically without altering the overall mitochondrial transcription. (frontiersin.org)
  • With this adenovirus vector, an active siRNA sequences (N1-PPRV) was transcribed into the infected cells as a short hairpin RNA precursor (shRNA, with approximately 50 nt). (europa.eu)
  • Identification of phlebovirus and arenavirus RNA sequences that stall and repress the exoribonuclease XRN1. (nih.gov)
  • Long ds ACT stably accumulated to up to 0.7% of the total cellular RNA in the transplastomic plants, at least three orders of magnitude higher than in the nuclear transgenic plants. (jipb.net)
  • RNA which contains an intron sequence that has an enzyme- like catalytic activity. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are deleterious lesions that are generated in response to ionizing radiation or replication fork collapse that can lead to genomic instability and cancer. (preprints.org)
  • DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are particularly dangerous for cells, since their inefficient or inaccurate repair can result in deletions and chromosomal translocations that can lead to cancer and/or severe developmental abnormalities in humans. (elifesciences.org)
  • They are targeting the messenger RNA of the nucleoprotein gene of these viruses, then blocking the virus multiplication process. (europa.eu)
  • Originally, it was thought that only intermediate and late gene transcription produced double-stranded (ds) RNA to activate PKR during vaccinia virus (VACV) infection. (elsevierpure.com)
  • No change in the expression of long non-coding RNAs was detected at any stage of the infection, but up to 43 small mitochondrial RNAs have their expression altered during the recovery from COVID-19. (frontiersin.org)
  • Homologous recombination' is one of the main mechanisms used by cells to repair DNA double-strand breaks. (elifesciences.org)
  • Translational control by the Epstein-Barr virus small RNA EBER-1. (wikidata.org)
  • Despite these being only preliminary results on a small cohort, the analyses clearly showed that individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2 retain an altered expression of these small RNAs. (frontiersin.org)
  • This persistent alteration in the expression of small mitochondrial RNAs might be involved in the long COVID syndrome and further studies are needed to confirm the possibility. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, using publicly available data, I explored the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the expression of several mitochondrial non-coding RNAs in patients recovering from COVID-19. (frontiersin.org)
  • We performed more than 175 edits in human cells, including targeted insertions, deletions, and all 12 types of point mutation, without requiring double-strand breaks or donor DNA templates. (nature.com)
  • More recently, another group of researchers reported that they had developed a process for optimizing low- abundance RNA, by combining aRNA amplification with template- switching. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • This process is called 'resection' and it exposes single strands of DNA. (elifesciences.org)
  • The aim of this thesis was to develop novel methods to study the process of endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of RNA. (lu.se)
  • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project. (nih.gov)
  • Is the Subject Area "Non-coding RNA" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
  • Kosicki, M., Tomberg, K. & Bradley, A. Repair of double-strand breaks induced by CRISPR-Cas9 leads to large deletions and complex rearrangements. (nature.com)
  • Breaks that form across both strands in a DNA double helix are considered the most dangerous type of DNA damage, and can cause a cell to die or become cancerous if they are not repaired accurately. (elifesciences.org)