Penicillin ResistancePenicillinsPenicillin GStreptococcus pneumoniaePenicillin VPneumococcal InfectionsPenicillin-Binding ProteinsAnti-Bacterial AgentsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsDrug Resistance, MicrobialMuramoylpentapeptide CarboxypeptidaseHexosyltransferasesPeptidyl TransferasesDrug Resistance, BacterialMutationPoint MutationPenicillin G ProcainePenicillinaseMutation, MissensePenicillin AmidaseNeisseria gonorrhoeaePenicillin G BenzathineSerotypingLactamsBacterial ProteinsDrug ResistanceAminoacyltransferasesDrug Resistance, MultipleErythromycinMolecular Sequence DataTransformation, BacterialDrug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterialbeta-LactamasesGenes, BacterialStreptococcal InfectionsCarrier ProteinsMacrolidesDNA, BacterialAmpicillinPolymerase Chain ReactionTetracyclineStreptococcusPlasmidsFrameshift MutationCefotaximeSequence Analysis, DNANasopharynxOxacillinTransformation, GeneticBase SequenceAmino Acid SequencePneumococcal VaccinesEscherichia colibeta-LactamsDrug Resistance, NeoplasmMoraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalisStaphylococcusR FactorsPneumonia, PneumococcalStaphylococcus aureusElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldCulture MediaGerm-Line MutationBacterial Typing TechniquesDrug Resistance, ViralCarrier StateGenotypePhenotypeNeisseria meningitidisDNA FingerprintingRespiratory Tract InfectionsDisease ResistanceSpainMolecular EpidemiologyHaemophilus influenzaeCommunity-Acquired InfectionsBacteriaSpecies SpecificityPedigreeVascular ResistanceBacteremiaAllelesCephalosporinsMutation RateCloning, MolecularTetracycline ResistanceAmino Acid SubstitutionVirulenceDNA PrimersStreptomycinHeterozygoteExonsMutagenesis, Site-DirectedChromosome MappingDNA Mutational AnalysisMutagenesisMice, Inbred StrainsGenetic VariationGene Expression Regulation, BacterialSequence Homology, Amino Acid