Strains can infect. Medical search. Frequent questions

Number of cases infected with new coronavirus strain rises to 90. (tehelka.com)
Mr Szijjarto was found to be infected with the coronavirus after arriving in Thailand from Cambodia on Nov 3, Thai authorities said earlier. (straitstimes.com)
In January 2021, scientists in Brazil reported that two people had been simultaneously infected with two different strains of the coronavirus--the Brazilian variant known as B.1.1.28 (E484K) and a novel variant VUI-NP13L, which had previously been discovered in Rio Grande do Sul. (eurekalert.org)
The coronavirus that infected this man in Europe is likely not a new strain. (theconversation.com)
According to Eskild Petersen from the Department of Clinical Medicine at Aarhus University, one of the key differences between B117 and the regular coronavirus is that the British variant enables carriers to infect others over longer periods. (cphpost.dk)
Concerns are also growing about mutant variants of the coronavirus, including a California strain that new research strongly suggests spreads more readily than its predecessors. (latimes.com)
The coronavirus can't mutate if it's not infecting people, scientists say. (latimes.com)
Two newborns reportedly are among the more than 28,000 people infected with the novel coronavirus, which now has killed more than 560 people since it was detected in December. (go.com)

Most cases of avian influenza infection in humans have resulted from contact with infected poultry or contaminated surfaces. (cdc.gov)
Here, we investigated, in females of both D. melanogaster and D. nigrosparsa , the gene expression between animals uninfected and infected with w Mel, using RNA sequencing to see if the two Drosophila species respond to the infection in the same or different ways. (nature.com)
We conclude that subtle differences among M. penetrans strains may be critical for this organism to establish an infection in an otherwise healthy individual. (bvsalud.org)
And then the ones that miss that infection, they can get infected later by being tricked into mating with infected individuals. (mystateline.com)
When a pregnant woman has a C trachomatis infection of the cervix, the organism is transmitted when the infant passes through the infected birth canal. (medscape.com)
The aim of this present study was to further investigate the reproducibility of NIRS to identify sporozoite infection in mosquitoes infected using field isolates of P. falciparum gametocytes from asymptomatic carriers. (ox.ac.uk)
Three other intact bitches on the same property were seropositive for N. caninum , suggesting horizontal transmission and a common source of infection, possibly due to consumption of infected meat. (edu.au)
Because people infected with SARS-CoV-2 can often test positive for the virus for weeks to months, likely due to the sensitivity of the test and leftover RNA fragments , the only way to really answer the question of reinfection is by sequencing the viral genome at the time of each infection and looking for differences in the genetic code. (theconversation.com)
A STAT News article reports that the genetic make up of the sequenced virus from the patient's second infection had 24 nucleotides - building blocks of the virus's RNA genome - that differed from the SARS-CoV-2 isolate that infected him the first time. (theconversation.com)
When someone notices the telltale bull's-eye rash that can signal Lyme disease, the infected person may receive antibiotics from a physician but generally will not know what strain of Borrelia burgdorferi caused the infection. (google.com)
But a 2012 study by Wormser's group, published in the New England Journal of Medicine , reported on 17 patients who had been infected multiple times with Lyme disease and had the strain of each infection cultured and identified. (google.com)
The only patient infected by the same strain twice actually had Lyme disease four times in six years, contracting strain K twice, five years apart, with an infection by a different strain in between. (google.com)
Our findings question the dogma that mostly strain-specific immunity is developed after infection and add to our overall understanding of how immunity to S. pyogenes can evolve. (lu.se)
Repeat infections with different viral strains are possible, and most children had several episodes of rotavirus infection in the first years of life. (medicinenet.com)
Infection with different strains of the virus is possible, so it is common to have several separate rotavirus infections in childhood. (medicinenet.com)
The implication is 95% of cases have only resulted in either mild symptoms such that the infected people did not consider it serious enough to seek medical help or indeed the virus may be causing an inapparent infection. (yahoo.com)
The Association between Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying panton-valentine leukocidin genes and the development of deep-seated follicular infection. (medscape.com)

Cerebral malaria complicated by cognitive sequelae is a major cause of morbidity in humans infected with Plasmodium falciparum. (elsevierpure.com)
To model cognitive function after malaria, we created a rodent model of cerebral malaria by infecting C57BL/6 mice with Plasmodium berghei strainANKA.After 7 days, an object-recognition test of working memory revealed a significant impairment in the visual memory of infected mice. (elsevierpure.com)
The Santa Lucia strain of Plasmodium falciparum as a model for vaccine studies. (ajtmh.org)
Studies on the Santa Lucia (El Salvador) strain of Plasmodium falciparum in Aotus trivirgatus monkeys. (ajtmh.org)
Infectivity of the Santa Lucia (El Salvador) strain of Plasmodium falciparum to different anophelines. (ajtmh.org)
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a fast and non-destructive method, has recently been shown to distinguish, with 95% accuracy, between uninfected and sporozoite-infected mosquitoes using laboratory strains of Plasmodium falciparum (PfN54). (ox.ac.uk)

These laboratory strains could be passed between mammals more easily than wild strains of the virus. (scientificamerican.com)

ATLANTA, Ga.-The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently released results of a study suggesting that some North American avian influenza A H7 virus strains have properties that might enhance their potential to infect humans as well as their potential to spread from human to human. (cdc.gov)
Each patient is thought to have had the potential to infect 2.6 others, the scientists add. (yahoo.com)

Avian influenza A H7 viruses are fairly common in birds, but rarely infect humans. (cdc.gov)
Influenza viruses infect humans by attaching to certain sugar receptor molecules found on cells in the respiratory tract in humans. (cdc.gov)
Previous research has reported people infected with different influenza strains [2]. (eurekalert.org)
Research describing two mutant strains of H5N1 avian influenza that spread between mammals is likely to be published in its entirety. (scientificamerican.com)
Two teams of scientists, led by Ron Fouchier of Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and Yoshihiro Kawaoka of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, have created mutant strains of H5N1 avian influenza. (scientificamerican.com)
One particular strain of H5N1, called highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), is responsible for the 'bird flu' scares. (scientificamerican.com)
Avian influenza is an infectious disease of birds caused by type A strains of the influenza virus. (who.int)

State of strain collections and viability of viral isolates. (who.int)
Within a few weeks, this variant took over from the viral strains circulating in this region, and has since spread to more than 50 countries, including Belgium. (eurekalert.org)
3. Prevent drug resistance from developing in order to prevent the transmission of drug-resistant viral strains. (sciencedaily.com)

Analysis using microsatellite-10 (MS10) demonstrated that multiple strains of N. caninum were present. (edu.au)
But the discovery does shed light on how the immune system recognizes and builds a defense against the pathogen and could inform future attempts to design a vaccine that would protect against multiple strains of the disease. (google.com)

they ni tick was infected with a species of Ehrlichia , which infect monocytes, neutrophils, or endothelial cells, we named Ehrlichia sp. (cdc.gov)
strain La Dormida, closely depending on the species involved ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
cies have been reported and different strains of pu- strain Natal from Brazil (79.3%, GenBank accession tative novel Ehrlichia species have been molecularly no. (cdc.gov)
Wolbachia are maternally inherited endosymbionts that infect nearly half of all arthropod species. (nature.com)
B. valaisiana was identified as a genomic species from Strain VS116, and named B. valaisiana in 1997. (wikipedia.org)
On rare occasions, these bird viruses can cross over and infect other species, including cats, pigs and humans and can be a potential cause of pandemics. (who.int)

How different is the second strain that infected the Hong Kong man? (theconversation.com)
The H5N1 virus was first identified in Hong Kong in 1997 where it infected 18 people and caused six deaths. (who.int)

The Wolbachia strain w Mel was recently found to increase locomotor activities and possibly trigger cytoplasmic incompatibility in the transinfected fly Drosophila nigrosparsa . (nature.com)

Characterization of Virulence-Associated Traits in Mycoplasma penetrans Strains Acting as Likely Etiological Agents of Idiopathic Nongonococcal Urethritis. (bvsalud.org)
The Committee concluded that additional work may be needed to assess the viability of the stocks held in VECTOR, and that further molecular characterization of additional strains may be valuable in helping to identify strains from which further DNA sequences could be determined. (who.int)

Both these variants were circulating in Belgium at the time, so it is likely that the lady was co-infected with different viruses from two different people. (eurekalert.org)
Strain" has a particular definition when referring to viruses. (theconversation.com)
Wild H5N1 viruses cannot latch on tothe cells in a person's nose and throat, but the mutant strains created by Fouchier and Kawaoka can spread between ferrets, which are viewed as a good animal model of flu transmission between humans. (scientificamerican.com)
The genome of the airborne strain differed from the original one by just five mutations, which have all been spotted individually in wild viruses. (scientificamerican.com)

The objective of the present study was to evaluate by clinical trial the efficiency of this vaccine in dual purpose herds naturally infected with brucellosis under tropical conditions. (medwelljournals.com)
To reduce the risk for cervical cancer due to HPV , an HPV vaccine was created to target specific HPV strains that are linked to cervical cancer. (healthline.com)
Before the availability of a rotavirus vaccine , rotavirus infected almost all children by their third birthday. (medicinenet.com)
History of Sabin attenuated poliovirus oral live vaccine strains. (who.int)
The ful data concerning the history of attenuated poliovirus strains developed by one of us (Sabin, 1965) for vaccine production do not appear in a single journal. (who.int)
Over the past few years we have had frequent requests for the details such as isolation and attenuation and accordingly we felt that bringing the data together in the report below would be both helpful and informative to those involved in the production and control of poliovirus vaccine (oral) prepared from these strains. (who.int)

Kawaoka and his team, whose work has been accepted by Nature, created a chimeric virus with the hemagglutinin protein from H5N1 and the genes from the 2009 pandemic strain of H1N1. (scientificamerican.com)
In 2011, 34 people , out of 62 reported cases from five countries, died from a different strain of the flu, H5N1, that can infect humans. (ibtimes.com)
So far, the majority of the human H5N1 (haemagluttinin type 5 and neuraminidase subtype 1) infections have been linked to close contact with infected domestic birds during home slaughtering, de-feathering, butchering and preparation for cooking. (who.int)
The number of humans infected by H5N1 is increasing. (who.int)

Respiratory secretions transmit C pneumoniae from human to human, whereas infected birds transmit C psittaci to humans via a respiratory route through direct contact or aerosolization. (medscape.com)
The presence of both strains was confirmed by PCR on a second respiratory sample, by sequencing of the S-gene and by whole genome sequencing. (eurekalert.org)

Three recent H7N2 strains and two H7N3 strains from North America were tested and found to bind to varying degrees to both avian and human receptors. (cdc.gov)
An outbreak of a strain of avian flu has affected as many as 24 million birds in the U.S. Midwest, and officials say they don't know how it's spreading. (ibtimes.com)

But Betts and other clinicians say the reality on the ground is more complicated, and those binary buckets don't capture all the nuances of patient experiences and care in a system under strain during a pandemic. (cbc.ca)
Even so, it seems likely that this virus has a greater mortality rate than either ordinary seasonal flu or possibly the 1918 pandemic H1N1 strain . (scientificamerican.com)
Fouchier later added, however, that his mutant virus "does not spread yet like a pandemic or seasonal flu virus" and that the ferrets did not die when infected through aerosol transmission. (scientificamerican.com)

MAIN CONCLUSIONS The genetic characterisation of the G10P[14] strain from Honduras suggests that its genome resulted from multiple reassortment events which were possibly mediated through interspecies transmissions. (scielo.br)

Security experts reported a new strain of malware spreading in China, the malicious code rapidly infected over 100,000 PCs in just four days. (cyberdefensemagazine.com)
According to the monitoring and evaluation of the "Colvet Threat Intelligence System", as of the evening of the 4th, the virus infected at least 100,000 computers, not only locked the computer. (cyberdefensemagazine.com)

NSP2 and VP2 genes were most closely related to simian and human strains, respectively, and NSP5 was most closely related to a rhesus strain. (scielo.br)

Notably, residues of receptor-binding domain (RBD) showing crucial interactions with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and cross-reacting neutralizing antibody were found to be conserved among the analyzed virus strains, except for replacement of lysine with arginine at 378th position of the cryptic epitope of a Shanghai isolate, hCoV-19/Shanghai/SH0007/2020 (EPI_ISL_416320). (nature.com)
Antibody binding increased modestly against the infecting isolate and across emm types in convalescent- compared to acute-phase sera for all patients. (lu.se)
For two patients, phagocytosis increased in convalescent-phase serum both for the infecting isolate and across types. (lu.se)

To explore the genomic signatures, we comprehensively analyzed 2,492 complete and/or near-complete genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 strains reported from across the globe to the GISAID database up to 30 March 2020. (nature.com)

Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the addition of probiotic Lactococccuslactis and Lactobacillus casei on the laying hens infected with bacteria Escherichia coli can bacteri increases the income of laying hens. (unila.ac.id)
But a new study led by researchers from the University of Pennsylvania has some brighter news: Once infected with a particular strain of the disease-causing bacteria, humans appear to develop immunity against that strain that can last six to nine years. (google.com)
Humans appear to develop strain specific immunity to the bacteria that causes Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi. (google.com)
Instead, we found that some patients could generate cross-opsonic antibodies, leading to phagocytosis of bacteria across strains. (lu.se)

Little is known about the pathogenic potential of these strains. (frontiersin.org)
The strain is highly pathogenic, meaning it spreads and kills quickly. (ibtimes.com)

METHODS: The in vitro susceptibility of four strains against amphotericin B, fluconazole and anidulafungin was performed by using a reference broth microdilution method and time-kill curves. (who.int)

In the present study, we wanted to see if so few patients were infected by the same strain multiple times because they were protected against subsequent infections with the same strain. (google.com)
In a second statistical test, the researchers used the data from the 17 patients in what is known as a stochastic model to determine the expected number of total infections during a set period of time as well as the expected number of infections of the same strain during that time period. (google.com)
The results of all of their simulations indicated that strain-specific immunity would need to last a minimum of four years in order to result in the suite of infections that the 17 patients acquired. (google.com)
It is unclear if antibodies developed after infections with this pathogen are opsonic and if they are strain specific or more broadly protective. (lu.se)

In this survey, 10 healthy Syrian mice were infected through intraperitoneal inoculation of bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii (Tehran strain). (ac.ir)
Anterior uveitis in a kitten infected with Toxoplasma gondii (Tehran strain)', Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research , 8(1), pp. 91-93. (ac.ir)

In Europe, cases of B. burgdorferi s.l.-infected ticks are found predominantly in Norway, the Netherlands, Germany, France, Italy, Slovenia, and Poland, but have been isolated in almost every country on the continent. (wikipedia.org)
The same held true no matter if the calculations assumed it was equally likely that a patient would be infected with any strain of B. burgdorferi , or if the 'die' was weighted based on the prevalence of each strain in New York state. (google.com)

FINDINGS The next generation sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the 11-segmented genome of the G10P[14] strain allowed classification as G10-P[14]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3. (scielo.br)
Fouchier and his team initially tweaked the virus's genome to create strains that could attach to mammalian nose and tracheal cells, but couldn't spread between individuals. (scientificamerican.com)

140 southern sea otters represent Type II or Type X strains, or variants of these genotypes. (frontiersin.org)

Record-breaking case spikes proved too tough to track, and many areas of the country have scaled back testing, leaving Canada in the dark about just how many people are getting infected each day. (cbc.ca)

Neuropathogenicity of mutant strains of mouse hepatitis virus, 1A and 2C, from DBT cells persistently infected with JHM strain. (utmb.edu)
All work on mutant flu strains has been temporarily halted since January 20, 2012, when Fouchier, Kawaoka and 37 others called for a 60-day pause to allow time for an open debate on the risks and benefits of such research. (scientificamerican.com)

In the murine model, liposomal amphotericin B at 10 mg/kg/day was effective in reducing the tissue burden in kidneys of mice infected with any of the tested strains. (who.int)

Critics argue, however, it can take days for symptoms to develop, allowing newly-infected passengers to be missed, Yahoo UK reported . (yahoo.com)
The country scrambled to find bed space for thousands of newly infected patients. (go.com)

Yet birds have continued to fall sick, with flocks totaling more than 2 million turkeys and chickens reported infected Monday and five more farms suspected of having the virus on Wednesday. (ibtimes.com)

Some patients go in for COVID-19, others are infected alongside another issue. (cbc.ca)
They're now distinguishing between people admitted directly for COVID-19 and those admitted for other health issues who also test positive, since the variant is infecting such a wide assortment of patients. (cbc.ca)
Betts says breaking down hospitalized patients between those admitted for COVID-19 and those infected after being admitted with another condition, can be helpful for planning health-system capacity, given the specialized care and treatments required for patients who have full-blown COVID-19. (cbc.ca)
If there was no strain-specific immunity, then there should be a random distribution of strains in patients, and you would expect several of the patients to be affected by the same strain twice,' Brisson said. (google.com)
Using multinomial probabilities, similar to rolling a die many times, the team found it would be nearly impossible to arrive at the data presented by the 17 patients if no strain-specific immunity were present. (google.com)
Unexpectedly, the patients did not always generate opsonic antibodies against the specific infecting strain. (lu.se)
Patients infected with P. vivax and P. ovale also receive primaquine or a single dose of tafenoquine to prevent relapse. (msdmanuals.com)

One virus, an H7N2 virus strain isolated from an immune compromised man in New York in 2003, was found to have the greatest binding to the human sugar receptors. (cdc.gov)
Borrelia are microaerophilic and slow-growing-the primary reason for the long delays when diagnosing Lyme disease have been found to have greater strain diversity than previously estimated. (wikipedia.org)
Earlier studies suggest that the strains found in humans resulted from interspecies transmission and reassortment between human and bovine rotavirus strains. (scielo.br)
Hungarian Foreign Minister Peter Szijjarto was found to be infected after arriving in Thailand from Cambodia on Nov 3. (straitstimes.com)
The research team found that ARV drug therapy benefits both infected and uninfected persons. (sciencedaily.com)

Serological assays detected anti-T. cruzi antibodies in all naïve females mated with infected males and in 60% of naïve males mated with infected females. (scielo.br)
Asymptomatic gametocyte carriers were recruited for mosquito feeding assays, direct membrane feeding (DMFA) and direct skin feeding (DFA), using insectary-reared Anopheles gambiae s.s (Kilifi strain). (ox.ac.uk)

That includes the generation of antibodies - through what's known as the adaptive immune response - and through the actions of T-cells, which can help to educate the immune system and to specifically eliminate virus-infected cells. (theconversation.com)

A total of 134 (7%, 134/1881) sporozoite-infected mosquitoes were obtained from 9 successful experiments. (ox.ac.uk)
The PLS models were unable to distinguish between sporozoite-infected and uninfected mosquitoes. (ox.ac.uk)
Nearly all are acquired abroad, but a small number result from blood transfusions or rarely from transmission by local mosquitoes that feed on infected immigrants or returning travelers. (msdmanuals.com)

The strains differ in clinical symptoms and/or presentation as well as geographic distribution. (wikipedia.org)
Serogroup A strains are by the disc diffusion method and in- ~10% in treated cases but varies widely homogeneous and have the same an- cluded penicillin G, amoxicillin, cefo- depending on the clinical presentation tigenic formula, A:4:P1.9 ( 2 , 10 , 11 , 14 ), taxime, chloramphenicol and rifampin. (who.int)

Strains that infect humans generally cause mild symp- toms. (cdc.gov)
Adults sometimes become infected, but the resulting illness is usually mild. (medicinenet.com)

We cannot say definitely how specific poultry operations are becoming infected at this point," Ed Curlett, a spokesman for the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service at the Department of Agriculture, said in an email. (ibtimes.com)
We are examining affected poultry operations in order to learn more about how they are becoming infected and have yet to come to conclusions. (ibtimes.com)

The findings come after scientists from Imperial College London estimated each patient in China infected between 1.5 and 3.5 people up to January 18. (yahoo.com)

That means while unprecedented numbers of people became infected in mere weeks, many aren't presenting in hospitals with classic COVID-19 pneumonia, but rather a wider array of symptoms, or while coping with another health issue. (cbc.ca)

2020. Pengaruh suplementasi probiotik melalui pakan terhadap konsumsi ayam petelur strain Isa Brown. (unila.ac.id)

The in vivo efficacy was evaluated by determination of fungal load reduction in kidneys of infected animals receiving deoxycholate AMB at 0,8 mg/kg i.v., liposomal amphotericin B at 10 mg/kg i.v., fluconazole at 50 mg/kg, or anidulafungin at 10 mg/kg. (who.int)
CONCLUSIONS: Liposomal amphotericin B showed the higher activity and efficacy against the two strains of C. guilliermondii, in contrast to the poor effect of fluconazole and anidulafungin. (who.int)

Both mutants spread easily among ferrets, but whereas Fouchier's strain reportedly killed all of the animals it infected, Kawaoka's did not. (scientificamerican.com)

Lyme disease, if not treated promptly with antibiotics, can become a lingering problem for those infected. (google.com)

five primary scab isolates, four of nine frozen cultures and all six lyophilized strains have demonstrable viability. (who.int)

BACKGROUND Although first detected in animals, the rare rotavirus strain G10P[14] has been sporadically detected in humans in Slovenia, Thailand, United Kingdom and Australia among other countries. (scielo.br)
OBJECTIVES In this study, a G10P[14] rotavirus genotype detected in a human stool sample in Honduras during the 2010-2011 rotavirus season, from an unvaccinated 30-month old boy who reported at the hospital with severe diarrhea and vomiting, was characterised to determine the possible evolutionary origin of the rare strain. (scielo.br)
Rotavirus infects most unvaccinated children by age 3. (medicinenet.com)
Rotavirus is a virus that infects the bowels, causing severe inflammation of the stomach and bowels (known as gastroenteritis). (medicinenet.com)
RÉSUMÉ Des données sur le fardeau économique de l'infection à rotavirus en Tunisie sont nécessaires pour décider ou non d'inclure le rotavirus dans les vaccinations infantiles systématiques. (who.int)

Treatment would both benefit the infected individuals and would eventually lead to eradication of HIV in the community. (sciencedaily.com)

FINDINGS Parasitological analysis showed trypomastigotes in the blood of 20% of the naïve mice after mating with infected partners. (scielo.br)

Cytotoxicity to HeLa cells was similar to HF-2, and all strains could clear extracellular traps produced by innate immune cells . (bvsalud.org)

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