• Doctors may treat some sprains and strains with a splint or temporary cast . (kidshealth.org)
  • Sprains and Strains: What Is the Difference? (medicinenet.com)
  • Sprains and strains may be caused by repetitive activities or by a single overuse injury. (medicinenet.com)
  • Pain , swelling, and bruising are common signs and symptoms of sprains and strains. (medicinenet.com)
  • Most sprains and strains resolve with time, but occasionally other treatments, including physical therapy and surgery, may be required. (medicinenet.com)
  • Sprains and strains are considered soft tissue injuries. (medicinenet.com)
  • You can expect swelling, tenderness, and pain after a hamstring strain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A hamstring strain can recur, or your hamstring may tear. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cianca J, Mimbella P. Hamstring strain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Hamstring strain is a fairly common injury in physically active individuals. (medscape.com)
  • In a prospective study of 61 male track-and-field athletes, Tokutake et al reported that 30% of them suffered hamstring strain in association with high-speed running, with the incidence of such strains being 2.88 per 1000 practices or competitions. (medscape.com)
  • MR observations of long-term musculotendon remodeling following a hamstring strain injury. (medscape.com)
  • Tokutake G, Kuramochi R, Murata Y, Enoki S, Koto Y, Shimizu T. The Risk Factors of Hamstring Strain Injury Induced by High-Speed Running. (medscape.com)
  • Effects of prior hamstring strain injury on strength, flexibility, and running mechanics. (medscape.com)
  • Hamstring strain injuries: recommendations for diagnosis, rehabilitation, and injury prevention. (medscape.com)
  • Hamstring strain injuries: factors that lead to injury and re-injury. (medscape.com)
  • Green B, Bourne MN, Pizzari T. Isokinetic strength assessment offers limited predictive validity for detecting risk of future hamstring strain in sport: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (medscape.com)
  • The Kansas City Chiefs receiver left Monday night's 24-17 win over the Los Angeles Chargers with a hamstring strain in the first quarter. (nfl.com)
  • 1. One common soft-tissue injury in sports involving sprinting and kicking a ball is the hamstring strain. (nih.gov)
  • It is known that subjects most at risk of a hamstring strain have a previous history of hamstring strains. (nih.gov)
  • We propose that for athletes considered at risk of a hamstring strain, as indicated by the optimum angle for torque, a regular programme of mild eccentric exercise should be undertaken. (nih.gov)
  • A hamstring strain is a partial tear of the hamstring muscles most commonly at the musculotendinous junction. (msdmanuals.com)
  • But the discovery does shed light on how the immune system recognizes and builds a defense against the pathogen and could inform future attempts to design a vaccine that would protect against multiple strains of the disease. (google.com)
  • A complete vaccine must contain a strain from each of these three types. (si.edu)
  • However, the children at the Watson Home received only one type of vaccine matching the strain of their original polio infection. (si.edu)
  • The National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), identified the B. abortus isolate from the calf as the RB51 vaccine strain. (cdc.gov)
  • Before 1996, vaccine was made by using the S19 strain. (cdc.gov)
  • Evidence that intrauterine infection was caused by the RB51 vaccine strain, and not by field strains of B. abortus or by S19, included immunohistochemical staining specific for RB51 (negative for S19), RB51-specific titer of greater than 1:10,000 on experimental dot-blot assay measuring antibody to RB51, and RB51-specific DNA sequences identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (cdc.gov)
  • SAN FRANCISCO - An investigational vaccine being developed by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company is effective against the most common strains of norovirus, a new study shows. (medscape.com)
  • A previous study showed that the vaccine worked against the Norwalk strains of the virus, also known as GI.1. (medscape.com)
  • Cite this: Norovirus Vaccine Works on Common Strain - Medscape - Oct 06, 2013. (medscape.com)
  • Vaccine-induced antibodies to contemporary strains of dengue virus type 4 show a mechanistic correlate of protective immunity. (bvsalud.org)
  • In children with no baseline immunity to DENVs, a leading vaccine (Dengvaxia) is efficacious against vaccine -matched DENV4 genotype II (GII) strains but not vaccine -mismatched DENV4 GI viruses . (bvsalud.org)
  • If you have strained your hamstring, you have pulled one or more of the muscles on the back of your upper leg (thigh). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Strains and sprains are injuries to your child's muscles, ligaments, or tendons. (childrens.com)
  • We have found that the best way for us to help your child prevent strains and sprains is by properly educating and preparing them so they can protect their muscles, tendons, and ligaments while playing their sport. (childrens.com)
  • Repetitive strain injury (RSI) is a blanket term covering a range of conditions, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis and bursitis, all of which involve damage and inflammation to tendons, nerves, muscles and soft tissues. (healthy.net)
  • There is the possibility that you strained your ab muscles there is also the possibility that you gave yourself a hernia. (askmehelpdesk.com)
  • 1. Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) is a severely disabling and potentially career-ending disorder affecting the muscles, tendons and nerves of the fingers, wrist, forearm, elbow, shoulder and neck. (change.org)
  • This result suggests that previously injured muscles are more prone to eccentric damage and, therefore, according to our hypothesis, more prone to strain injuries than uninjured muscles. (nih.gov)
  • Strains of the hamstring muscles can manifest as an acute painful area in the posterior thigh when sprinting or running or develop more slowly, usually because of inadequate flexibility training. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Utilisez la fonction str_ireplace() pour un remplacement insensible à la casse. (php.net)
  • Use str_ireplace() for case-insensitive replace. (php.net)
  • Use the str_ireplace() function to perform a case-insensitive search. (w3schools.com)
  • They help us look for any potential bone fractures that might be related to a strain, sprain, or what may be misdiagnosed as one. (childrens.com)
  • This can give us more information about your child's the sprain or strain, such as how severe it is and where it is exactly. (childrens.com)
  • Anyone can strain a muscle or sprain a joint. (childrens.com)
  • Can Someone With a Sprain or Strain Play Sports? (kidshealth.org)
  • If you have a sprain or strain, you'll probably need to take some time off from sports. (kidshealth.org)
  • Is it a Sprain or Strain? (medicinenet.com)
  • The diagnosis of a sprain or strain usually can be made after the health care professional takes a history of the injury and performs a physical examination. (medicinenet.com)
  • Physicians grade sprain and strains based on how much damage has occurred to the muscle, tendon, or ligament. (medicinenet.com)
  • A grade three injury, where the muscle or ligament is completely torn, is considered the most severe strain or severe sprain. (medicinenet.com)
  • What is the difference between a sprain and a strain? (medicinenet.com)
  • The grading system for sprain injury is similar to that of strains. (medicinenet.com)
  • So if you have any old injuries and want to enjoy your Veteran's Day relatively pain-free, this is definitely the strain for you. (hightimes.com)
  • Risk factors that contribute to these injuries include: lack of education about Repetitive Strain Injury, improper tool design, sitting for prolonged periods, repetitive movements in awkward postitions and many other factors. (change.org)
  • These guidelines must be written by medical doctors with expertise in Repetitive Strain Injury and soft tissue injuries rather than people with vested interest in selling ergonomic products. (change.org)
  • 7. People with Repetitive Strain Injury have the right to timely, appropriate medical care by physicians who are trained to diagnose and treat these injuries. (change.org)
  • Strain injuries often occur while the contracting muscle is lengthened, an eccentric contraction. (nih.gov)
  • We also measured optimum angles for 18 athletes with no previous history of strain injuries. (nih.gov)
  • Some enteric bacterial strains cause acute outbreaks linked to specific sources. (cdc.gov)
  • In the case of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, the plasmid that provided the ability to make use of lactose and casein originated in a specific Lactococcus lactis bacterial strain grown in the same place. (eurekalert.org)
  • Strains are when your child's tendon is pulled. (childrens.com)
  • Strains typically happen when the muscle or tendon is overstretched, fatigued, or placed under heavy loads. (childrens.com)
  • A strain is when a muscle or tendon (tissue that attaches muscle to bone) is stretched too far. (kidshealth.org)
  • A strain is abnormal stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon. (medicinenet.com)
  • A strain is an injury to muscle or tendon tissue. (medicinenet.com)
  • A strain is a damage caused by an overstretched muscle or tendon, causing its fibers to be pulled apart, losing the ability to adequately contract. (medicinenet.com)
  • The most common cause of a muscle or tendon strain is overuse, which weakens the tissue fibers. (medicinenet.com)
  • The researchers observed that in the patients with ulcerative colitis, severe disease was associated with the presence of high-damaging Candida strains, which turned out to have a key factor in common: all produce the candidalysin toxin. (scienceblog.com)
  • Unfortunately, using these devices has led to severe and permanent Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) to the hand, wrist, arm, shoulder and neck for millions of people around the globe. (change.org)
  • We have proposed that the microscopic damage to muscle fibres that routinely occurs after a period of unaccustomed eccentric exercise can lead to a more severe strain injury. (nih.gov)
  • Vaccinated people were half as likely to suffer severe symptoms compared with those not vaccinated who swallowed water laced with strains of the virus, said lead investigator David Bernstein, MD, from the University of Cincinnati, in Ohio. (medscape.com)
  • In more severe strains, ecchymosis, moderate to severe swelling, and poor muscle function caused by pain and weakness are present. (msdmanuals.com)
  • "The vaccines that we are distributing now in the United States and throughout the world are directed against the original, ancestral or Wuhan strain," Fauci told CNN host Jake Tapper. (rt.com)
  • Introduction status of Meningococcal meningitis vaccines (all strains) over time. (who.int)
  • These data summarize country introduction status of Meningococcal meningitis vaccines (all strains) in the national immunization programme. (who.int)
  • Here we report that members of the family, ivermectin, selamectin, and moxidectin, are bactericidal against mycobacterial species, including multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (nih.gov)
  • My case history of ankylosing spondylitis was of a calcified repetitive strain injury (RSI) of the spine. (healthy.net)
  • In the UK, for instance, you might be a victim of repetitive strain injury (RSI) if you spend hours typing away, or perhaps you might suffer from sick-building syndrome. (healthy.net)
  • That's why there must be an international awareness campaign about Repetitive Strain Injury as well as better tool design (especially input devices), improvements in how RSI is diagnosed and treated, and an emphasis on proper posture and technique in the population who uses these tools. (change.org)
  • The government must institute comprehensive public awareness campaigns warning people about the risk factors and warning signs of Repetitive Strain Injury, and the serious consequences of ignoring them. (change.org)
  • While somewhat helpful, ergonomic adjustments do not cure or necessarily prevent Repetitive Strain Injury and must not be promoted as such. (change.org)
  • 4. The government must fund useful, comprehensive research on the risk factors and effective treatment of Repetitive Strain Injury. (change.org)
  • Repetitive Strain Injury tends to become worse over time. (change.org)
  • 8. Repetitive Strain Injury can become much worse if people are not given prompt, proper medical treatment, postural and biomechanical training and ergonomic equipment. (change.org)
  • The researchers, who reported their findings March 16 in Nature, used an array of techniques to study strains, or genetic variants, of Candida from the colons of people with or without ulcerative colitis, a chronic, relapsing and remitting inflammatory disorder of the colon and rectum and one of the main forms of IBD. (scienceblog.com)
  • We evaluated the temporal and regional replacement of previous SARS-CoV-2 variants by the emergent strains, Alpha and Delta. (who.int)
  • Social media users claim the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has warned that people vaccinated against Covid-19 face a greater risk from a new strain of the virus than the unvaccinated. (yahoo.com)
  • Individual Candida albicans yeast strains in the human gut are as different from each other as the humans who carry them, and some C. albicans strains may damage the gut of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), according to a new study from researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine. (scienceblog.com)
  • In the new study, the investigators initially found that Candida strains, while highly diverse in the intestines of both patients with and without colitis, were on average more abundant in the patients with IBD. (scienceblog.com)
  • To underscore this strain-specific effect, the researchers grew macrophages in the presence of Candida strains and found that the ability of the strains to induce IL-1β corresponded closely to the severity of colitis in the patients. (scienceblog.com)
  • To conduct the screening of in vitro essential oils' antifungal activity from Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree), Cymbopogon winterianus (citronella) and Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) on strains of Candida albicans (ATCC289065) - M1, Candida krusei (ATCC40147) - M2 and Candida tropicalis (ATCC13803) - M3. (bvsalud.org)
  • These DNA fingerprints represent strains of bacteria. (cdc.gov)
  • But a new study led by researchers from the University of Pennsylvania has some brighter news: Once infected with a particular strain of the disease-causing bacteria, humans appear to develop immunity against that strain that can last six to nine years. (google.com)
  • Humans appear to develop strain specific immunity to the bacteria that causes Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi. (google.com)
  • This approach seems to work because evidence from a group of athletes who have implemented such a programme shows a significant reduction in the incidence of hamstring strains. (nih.gov)
  • In mild strains, tenderness and mild swelling are present. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Identifying a strain as a REP strain is based on many factors, including the number of illnesses, whether illnesses are increasing, the characteristics of the strain (e.g., multidrug resistance , high virulence, increased transmissibility), and whether the strain is the cause of large or frequent outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
  • This does not mean, however, that a human version of H5N1 would have the same highly pathogenic characteristics of the strain which is essentially Avian or Bird Flu. (pravda.ru)
  • Our finding shows that a cell-damaging toxin candidalysin released by "high damaging" C. albicans strains during the yeast-hyphae morphogenesis triggers pathogenic immunological responses in the gut," said the first author Xin Li, who was a Charles H. Revson Postdoctoral Fellow in the Iliev laboratory at the time of the study. (scienceblog.com)
  • The indication that these processes might in part be driven by a fungal toxin released by yeast strains in specific patients could potentially inform personalized treatment approaches. (scienceblog.com)
  • Reider B, Davies GJ, Provencher MT. Muscle strains about the hip and thigh. (medlineplus.gov)
  • As with any muscle strain, the amount of force that caused the muscle to tear determines the degree of injury. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Strains are common when athletes return to a sport after the off-season. (kidshealth.org)
  • By means of isokinetic dynamometry, we have measured the optimum angle for torque for nine athletes with a history of unilateral hamstring strains. (nih.gov)
  • The deletions RD9 and TbD1 are genotyping tools have recently identifi ed several polymor- useful phylogenetic markers for other members of MTBC phisms in the MTBC genome that have provided insight complex and ancestral M. tuberculosis strains ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Consistent with this finding, blocking IL-1β signaling had a dramatic effect in reducing colitis signs in mice that harbored these highly pro-inflammatory strains. (scienceblog.com)
  • Researchers find new strains all the time as they learn more about HIV-1 group M. (webmd.com)
  • Researchers haven't named any strains for this group because there are so few cases of it. (webmd.com)
  • However, researchers haven't identified its separate strains yet because it's so rare. (webmd.com)
  • In a second statistical test, the researchers used the data from the 17 patients in what is known as a stochastic model to determine the expected number of total infections during a set period of time as well as the expected number of infections of the same strain during that time period. (google.com)
  • Under too much strain, layered perovskite ferroelectrics turn off their polarization, researchers have found. (sciencedaily.com)
  • It is back and the worse news is that a mutant strain has been detected of the H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus. (pravda.ru)
  • This strain is known as H5N1 - 2.3.2.1. (pravda.ru)
  • Other strains, referred to as reoccurring, emerging, or persisting (REP) strains , can reoccur and periodically cause acute outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
  • WGS has also enabled investigators to find and investigate groups of illnesses that are caused by the same strain but that occur over time periods longer than an acute outbreak. (cdc.gov)
  • These strains can reoccur and periodically cause acute outbreaks, emerge and increasingly cause illness, or persist and cause illnesses over periods of months or years. (cdc.gov)
  • Strains repeatedly causing acute outbreaks separated by periods during which the strain either does not make people sick or causes illnesses at very low levels. (cdc.gov)
  • This presentation looks at traditional methods of strain measurement and the latest developments in automatic contacting and non-contacting extensometers. (slideshare.net)
  • RB51 is a live, attenuated strain that was licensed conditionally by the Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, on February 23, 1996, for vaccination of cattle in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Most strains and sprains usually heal with rest, modifying or limiting activity, and rehabilitation. (childrens.com)
  • Strains and sprains usually heal without any lasting problems. (kidshealth.org)
  • So the investigators set out to identify the characteristics of these strains that cause damage and how they relate to individual patients. (scienceblog.com)
  • Our team can diagnose strains and sprains with a physical examination and a review of your child's medical history. (childrens.com)
  • The finding rules out some theories, "including a hypothesis that the strain might be related to a 1990s South American outbreak, Braden said. (kff.org)
  • divided MTBC strains into 3 princi- into 4 major lineages, and a maximum parsimony tree was pal genetic groups (PGG1-PGG3) based on SNPs in codon constructed suggesting a more complex phylogeny for M. 463 of katG and codon 95 of gyrA ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • These strong strains originate from regions known for high-THC weed, and THC contents of around 10 to 15 percent became commonplace. (hightimes.com)
  • According to the press release, additional "information about this strain, including the possibility that it might be found in other regions of the world, is anticipated from additional studies" (11/1). (kff.org)
  • Compared with pre-existing strains, the variant with the N501Y mutation showed transmission advantages of 48.2% and 40.3% in the Kanto-Koshin and Kinki regions, respectively, while the variant with the L452R mutation showed transmission advantages of 60.1% and 71.9%, respectively. (who.int)
  • He said the strain was 'fairly common. (kff.org)
  • Furthermore, the new LGG strain can potentially be better equipped to grow, for example, in the infant gut where it would be able to utilise the lactose and casein found in breastmilk, producing more lactic acid than the original strain. (eurekalert.org)
  • Moreover, in larger numbers the new LGG strain can potentially be more effective at protecting infants than the old strain. (eurekalert.org)
  • Notably, residues of receptor-binding domain (RBD) showing crucial interactions with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and cross-reacting neutralizing antibody were found to be conserved among the analyzed virus strains, except for replacement of lysine with arginine at 378th position of the cryptic epitope of a Shanghai isolate, hCoV-19/Shanghai/SH0007/2020 (EPI_ISL_416320). (nature.com)
  • Assuming that all previous strains would be replaced by one variant, the new variant detection rate was estimated by fitting a logistic growth model. (who.int)
  • The stress-strain relations are typically understood through various experiments and formulated using simple equations. (hindawi.com)
  • To explore the genomic signatures, we comprehensively analyzed 2,492 complete and/or near-complete genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 strains reported from across the globe to the GISAID database up to 30 March 2020. (nature.com)
  • The B strain is the most common in the U.S. Worldwide, the most common HIV strain is C. (webmd.com)
  • OG Kush is also a great strain for mood disorders as well as insomnia, a common effect of PTSD. (hightimes.com)
  • Both groups drank water containing the GII.4 strain of the virus, the most common strain. (medscape.com)
  • Hamstring strains are common among runners. (msdmanuals.com)
  • When the virus multiplies, the copies sometimes change (mutate) and develop into another HIV strain in your body. (webmd.com)
  • Also worrying is the mutant strain of the virus found in the People's Republic of China and parts of northern and central Vietnam. (pravda.ru)
  • However, Mr. Lubroth stated recently on UN Radio that "There is no indication that the new virus strain will behave differently than the previous one or that it is more dangerous to humans. (pravda.ru)
  • The polio virus exists in hundreds of different strains, all of which fall into three major types. (si.edu)
  • The Mahoney strain of the polio virus was isolated in 1941 from three children in the Mahoney family of Akron, Ohio. (si.edu)
  • Dr. Bernstein cautioned that the results of this trial, in which a carefully controlled intentional infection was used, cannot be extrapolated to the general population subjected to wild strains of the virus. (medscape.com)
  • We estimated the transmission advantage of each new variant over the pre-existing virus strains. (who.int)
  • Determination of the DNA genome sequence of this strain has been or is being determined either in whole or in part. (nih.gov)
  • But it can make your HIV worse, especially if you have a strain drugs won't work well against. (webmd.com)
  • At least 16 different strains of the Lyme disease bacterium have been shown to infect humans in the United States, so being bit by a tick carrying a different strain of the disease is entirely possible. (google.com)
  • This report describes occupational exposure to animals infected with the RB51 strain and emphasizes the need for surveillance of unintentional exposure of humans to RB51 to assess outcomes of such exposures. (cdc.gov)
  • The variant with the N501Y mutation was first identified in the Kinki region in early February 2021, and by early May, it had replaced more than 90% of the previous strains. (who.int)
  • When scientists identify a group of people who got sick around the same time with a strain with the same DNA fingerprint, this represents a possible outbreak. (cdc.gov)
  • Scientists haven't done much research on strains other than B, so information on the rest is limited. (webmd.com)
  • PulseNet uses a combination of different WGS tools for identifying and tracking these strains and will develop more as new strains are identified and investigated. (cdc.gov)
  • Grade 1 strain usually causes stretching of a few of the muscle fibers. (medicinenet.com)
  • Grade 2 strain has more significant damage, and some muscle fibers are damaged or torn. (medicinenet.com)
  • Strains causing illnesses consistently over a long time. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC uses information gained from investigations of REP strains to better understand their sources, track how they change over time, and collaborate on measures to reduce their spread. (cdc.gov)
  • Some of the first strains to contain over 20 percent THC were probably grown around this time. (hightimes.com)
  • Based on the experimental observations, a simple and rational stress-strain model was established mathematically. (hindawi.com)
  • However, no such experimental observations on the stress-strain relations of Ca(OH) 2 -activated Hwangtoh concrete are available in existing literature. (hindawi.com)
  • Previously novel or rare strains that increasingly cause illnesses or show the potential to cause increasing illness. (cdc.gov)
  • Because str_replace() replaces left to right, it might replace a previously inserted value when doing multiple replacements. (php.net)
  • This study examined the stress-strain behavior of 10 calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 )-activated Hwangtoh concrete mixes. (hindawi.com)
  • The proposed stress-strain model predicted the actual behavior accurately, whereas the previous models formulated using OPC concrete data were limited in their applicability to Ca(OH) 2 -activated Hwangtoh concrete. (hindawi.com)
  • When someone notices the telltale bull's-eye rash that can signal Lyme disease, the infected person may receive antibiotics from a physician but generally will not know what strain of Borrelia burgdorferi caused the infection. (google.com)
  • But a 2012 study by Wormser's group, published in the New England Journal of Medicine , reported on 17 patients who had been infected multiple times with Lyme disease and had the strain of each infection cultured and identified. (google.com)
  • The only patient infected by the same strain twice actually had Lyme disease four times in six years, contracting strain K twice, five years apart, with an infection by a different strain in between. (google.com)
  • Our method is efficient in monitoring and estimating changes in the proportion of variant strains in a timely manner in each region. (who.int)
  • Using multinomial probabilities, similar to rolling a die many times, the team found it would be nearly impossible to arrive at the data presented by the 17 patients if no strain-specific immunity were present. (google.com)
  • They found that certain strains, which they call "high-damaging," produce a potent toxin, candidalysin, that damages immune cells. (scienceblog.com)
  • Tests have shown that the strain in Haiti's cholera outbreak  is similar to cholera strains found in South Asia, the CDC said on Monday, Agence France-Presse reports (11/1). (kff.org)
  • From the strain mapping of the nanowire device, we found how the contacting of the nanowire bends the nanowire resulting in a tilt normal to the substrate. (lu.se)
  • The str_replace() function replaces some characters with some other characters in a string. (w3schools.com)
  • Is there possibly a bug in the str_in_str() function in pdftexdir/pdftex.ch:1189 (snapshot 20010806)? (tug.org)
  • Depending on the level of muscle strain, it may heal within a few weeks, but reinjury can happen. (kidshealth.org)
  • If you ask me whether there is a strain already, yes, there is, absolutely," Rafal Kostrzynski, spokesperson for the U.N. Refugee Agency in Poland, told Yahoo News. (yahoo.com)
  • In the present study, we wanted to see if so few patients were infected by the same strain multiple times because they were protected against subsequent infections with the same strain. (google.com)
  • The results of all of their simulations indicated that strain-specific immunity would need to last a minimum of four years in order to result in the suite of infections that the 17 patients acquired. (google.com)