Strain of bacillus anthracis. Medical search. Frequent questions

Spores of B. anthracis and B. mycoides retained lectin receptors, although the heating of spores or vegetative cells at 100 degrees C resulted in a decrease in their ability to be specifically agglutinated. (wikigenes.org)
The spores are easily transmitted, and the disease itself (especially inhalational anthrax) has a high mortality rate, making it an effective weapon to spread through a human population. (kenyon.edu)
The spores of B. anthracis , which can remain dormant in the environment for decades, are the infectious form, but this vegetative B. anthracis rarely causes disease. (wikidoc.org)
The spores of B. anthracis , which can remain dormant in the environment for decades, being resistant to heat and disinfectants, are the infectious form, but vegetative B. anthracis rarely causes disease. (wikidoc.org)
The current study helps debunk the claim that a World War I biological weapon containing anthrax-causing spores was still viable 80 years later. (rdworldonline.com)
In 1917, German spy Baron Otto von Rosen was caught in Norway possessing lumps of sugar embedded with glass capillaries filled with a liquid holding spores of Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax. (rdworldonline.com)
In a 1998 Nature paper, they declared that they had revived the anthrax bacterial strain that had spent 8 decades as spores (Ref 1). (rdworldonline.com)
The researchers speculate that during the intense culturing attempts of the sugar samples in 1997, spores from the Ames Ancestor strain, which were likely to be abundant in the Porton Down military defense laboratory facilities, fell into the culture media and grew. (rdworldonline.com)
That work has been cited many times as evidence that spores can survive in liquid for 80 years-and now that's clearly not true," says Keim, leaving it an open question of just how long B. anthracis spores can survive and still cause disease. (rdworldonline.com)
PCR can be used as a reliable alternative for the detection of B. anthracis spores. (who.int)
Cette étude suggère que la PCR multiplex peut être utilisée comme solution de remplacement fiable aux fins de la détection de spores de B. anthracis. (who.int)
The virulent strains of etative cells and activate the spores. (who.int)
in anthrax bioattacks of 2001, spores were spread in envelopes delivered via the United States Postal Service. (msdmanuals.com)
Bacillus anthracis form spores when they are under conditions that are unfavorable for growth (eg, a dry environment). (msdmanuals.com)
To assess potential for early detection of oral infection by B. anthracis spores for preparedness of a bioterrorism attack. (bvsalud.org)
One famous example of such an attack was the letter containing anthrax spores [1]. (bvsalud.org)
Ingested spores will develop as oropharyngeal and gastrointestinal anthrax. (bvsalud.org)

In 2020, CDC confirmed two cases of pneumonia (one fatal) in welders caused by rare Bacillus cereus group bacteria containing anthrax toxin genes typically associated with Bacillus anthracis . (cdc.gov)
Among seven persons in the United States reported to be infected with B. cereus group bacteria containing anthrax toxin genes resulting in pneumonia since 1994, five patients died and two had critical illness with prolonged hospitalization and recovery ( 2 - 5 ). (cdc.gov)
In addition to the seven pneumonia cases, a cutaneous infection with B. cereus group bacteria containing anthrax toxin genes has been reported in a patient with an anthrax eschar in Florida. (cdc.gov)
Several actions can decrease risk for lung injury or infection, including anthrax pneumonia caused by B. cereus group bacteria, among welders and other metalworkers. (cdc.gov)
Clinicians should consider B. cereus group bacteria in the differential diagnosis when treating welders and other metalworkers with severe, rapidly progressive pneumonia or other anthrax-like disease. (cdc.gov)
B. anthracis are rod-shaped bacteria, approximately 3 to 5 μm long and 1 to 1.2 μm wide. (wikipedia.org)
Most bacteria are surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule rather than poly-g-D-glutamic acid which provides an evolutionary advantage to B. anthracis. (wikipedia.org)
It is not active against the penicillinase-producing bacteria, which include many strains of staphylococci. (nih.gov)
Anthrax, which means 'coal' in Greek, is a severe disease caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis , which stays alive in its surroundings by sporulating. (kenyon.edu)
The most common type of anthrax, cutaneous (skin) anthrax, happens when a person has a cut of some type on the skin, allowing the bacteria to enter. (kenyon.edu)
Workers in three CDC laboratories were potentially exposed to live Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) bacteria during the routine transfer of anthrax samples from a BSL-3 facility for research in two BSL-2 facilities. (getinge.com)
a problem because the BSL-2 facilities were not correctly equipped to deal with live strain anthrax bacteria. (getinge.com)
WHEN a new strain of bacteria causes serious illness, being able to tell quickly whether it arose naturally or is the result of bioterrorism can be vital in devising the public health response. (newscientist.com)
image: Bacillus anthracis bacteria using Gram-stain technique. (rdworldonline.com)

What is the Sterne strain (34F2) of Bacillus anthracis ? (cdc.gov)
The Sterne strain, discovered in the 1930s, has naturally lost its pXO2 plasmid, and consequently its ability to produce a capsule. (cdc.gov)
Compared with normal wild type strains which produce both the toxin and the capsule, the Sterne strain is relatively avirulent, however immunization using the Sterne strain is able to stimulate a protective immune response. (cdc.gov)
The Sterne strain is currently the predominant strain used for immunization of domesticated animals against anthrax worldwide, and has been used for this purpose for many decades. (cdc.gov)
The Sterne strain has an excellent safety record, and has been used safely worldwide by laboratory staff involved in its preparation and by hundreds of thousands of veterinarians. (cdc.gov)
Can the Sterne strain cause infections in people? (cdc.gov)
No human disease due to anthrax caused by the Sterne strain has been reported. (cdc.gov)
Theoretically, there are two mechanisms by which the Sterne strain may cause anthrax. (cdc.gov)
Second, the Sterne strain might regain pXO2 and revert to capsule production, resulting in wild-type virulence. (cdc.gov)
No reversion to virulence has been seen in the Sterne strain since its discovery in 1937. (cdc.gov)
What activities might lead to exposure to the Sterne strain? (cdc.gov)
It is probably not possible for humans to acquire a Sterne strain infection by the respiratory or oral route. (cdc.gov)
While it is highly unlikely that the Sterne strain will result in infection, cutaneous anthrax can be successfully treated with antimicrobial agents, making it improbable that a localized infection can become severe or fatal. (cdc.gov)
Whole-genome sequence verification of the deletion of toxin genes in Bacillus anthracis Sterne 34F2 derivatives. (cdc.gov)
Under a low-power magnification of 10X of a digital Keyence scope, this photograph depicts the colonial growth displayed by Sterne strain members of the Gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus anthracis , which were cultured on mannitol, egg yolk, polymyxin agar (MEP) medium, for a 24-hour time period, at a temperature of 37 ° C. (cdc.gov)

Bacillus anthracis is a spore-forming bacterium that causes anthrax in humans and animals. (cdc.gov)
Bacillus anthracis is a gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium that causes anthrax, a deadly disease to livestock and, occasionally, to humans. (wikipedia.org)
The causative agent of anthrax is B. anthracis , a nonmotile , Gram-positive , aerobic or facultatively anaerobic , endospore -forming, rod -shaped bacterium . (wikidoc.org)
B. anthracis was the first bacterium conclusively demonstrated to cause disease, by Robert Koch in 1876. (wikidoc.org)
B. anthracis , the causative agent of anthrax , is a nonmotile , Gram-positive , aerobic or facultatively anaerobic , endospore -forming, rod -shaped bacterium approximately 4 μm by 1 μm, although under the microscope it frequently appears in chains of cells . (wikidoc.org)
This is the bacterium that causes the disease anthrax, and it has the ability to survive for long periods of time without water or nutrition. (brilliantessay.com)
What characteristic of B. anthracis allows the bacterium to survive without water or nutrition? (brilliantessay.com)
Though closely related to B. anthracis , which causes anthrax, B. cereus produces severe infections only if it has gained a cluster of genes from the anthrax bacterium. (newscientist.com)
A team of international researchers has found that a strain of anthrax-causing bacterium thought to have been viable 80 years after a thwarted World War I espionage attack, was, in reality, a much younger standard laboratory strain. (rdworldonline.com)
These sam- obic, spore-forming bacterium that causes ples were analysed for the presence of anthrax in mammals [ 1 ]. (who.int)

To further investigate the genomic diversity among this group and to help characterize lineages of the plague organism that have no sequenced members, we present here the genomes of two isolates of the "classical" antiqua biovar, strains Antiqua and Nepal516. (asm.org)

At that time, Keim noted a very close genetic similarity between the Porton Down strains and what had become the standard laboratory reference strain used in experiments and vaccine development, known as the Ames Ancestor strain. (rdworldonline.com)
Both labs confirmed that the Porton Down 'sugar' strains differed by only two genetic letters from the Ames Ancestor strain-a near identical matching. (rdworldonline.com)

Comparison of the genome of Bacillus anthracis to closely related strains will allow the discovery of proteins which may be involved in pathogenicity. (myexperiment.org)
Bacillus thuringiensis Bt407 strain 407 chromosome, complete genome. (nig.ac.jp)
Genome Sequences of Penicillin-Resistant Bacillus anthracis Strains. (cdc.gov)
However, DNA sequencing of entire organism's genome was in its infancy at this time, so the exact genetic identity of the strain was never defined. (rdworldonline.com)

Propagation of YtlI regulog to Bacillus anthracis str. (lbl.gov)

Organisms susceptible to sulfonamides include certain Gram-positive cocci and diplococci, Gram-negative diplococci, and gram-negative bacilli. (drugs.com)
A blood culture revealed gram-positive, encapsulated, nonmotile rods preliminarily identified as Bacillus anthracis. (brilliantessay.com)
Bacillus anthracis is a gram-positive, aer- of outbreaks of B. anthracis . (who.int)
Anthrax is caused by the gram-positive Bacillus anthracis , which are toxin-producing, encapsulated, facultative anaerobic organisms. (msdmanuals.com)

[3] The species name anthracis is from the Greek anthrax (ἄνθραξ), meaning "coal" and referring to the most common form of the disease, cutaneous anthrax, in which large, black skin lesions are formed. (wikidoc.org)
Cutaneous anthrax is typically not contagious, but in very rare instances skin infection may be transmitted from person to person by direct contact or fomites. (msdmanuals.com)
In a few days, 22 victims were hospitalized, 12 of them identified with cutaneous anthrax and 10 with inhalation anthrax. (bvsalud.org)

Laboratory personnel who prepare anthrax spore vaccines as well as individuals who use such products are exposed to infection if the vaccine is placed in contact with a wound or bruise. (dtic.mil)
Bacillus anthracis strain SPV842 15 was isolated from bovine fetus, while B. anthracis strainBrazilian vaccinal was recovered from a commercial vaccine. (ufrgs.br)
The first animal vaccine against anthrax was developed by French chemist Louis Pasteur in 1881. (wikipedia.org)
Bharat Biotech BBV87 vaccine candidate is an inactivated whole virion vaccine based on a strain derived from an East, Central, South African (ECSA) genotype. (precisionvaccinations.com)
BioThrax, Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed, is made from cell-free filtrates of microaerophilic cultures of an avirulent, nonencapsulated strain of Bacillus anthracis. (precisionvaccinations.com)

In-house generated databases allowed the correct identification of 19 of 20 isolates of B. anthracis within 24 h. (cardiff.ac.uk)
He was suspected of plotting to feed the sugar lumps, which contained the oldest known isolates of B. anthracis, to the reindeer that pulled transports of munitions and foods across the frozen Arctic tundra for the Allied forces. (rdworldonline.com)
In this study soil samples were analysed from endemic regions of the country, and B. anthracis isolates were identified by classical bacteriological and biochemical methods. (who.int)
From these isolates, 23 strains from scab material and previously lyophilized samples were viable in tissue-culture. (who.int)

Other organisms sensitive in vitro to penicillin V are Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Bacillus anthracis, Clostridia, Actinomyces bovis, Streptobacillus moniliformis, Listeria monocytogenes, Leptospira and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. (nih.gov)
Listeria monocytogenes str. (ncrnadatabases.org)

Welding and metalworking employers, trade associations, and unions might consider targeted outreach to increase workers' awareness about pulmonary infections, including anthrax, especially those workers in the U.S. Gulf Coast states. (cdc.gov)
Culture and sensitivity studies recommended when treating suspected staphylococcal infections as reports indicate rising numbers of penicillin G-resistant strains. (drugs.com)
Penicillin G Potassium for Injection, USP is indicated in the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated micro organisms in the conditions listed below. (rxlist.com)

Untreated B. anthracis infection is usually deadly. (wikipedia.org)
By not containing this macromolecule in the capsule, B. anthracis can evade a neutrophilic attack and continue to propagate infection. (wikipedia.org)
Symptoms of the anthrax will generally appear within 7 days after infection [5]. (kenyon.edu)
Anthrax is a zoonotic infection caused by Bacillus anthracis. (medscape.com)

Five strains of the closely related B. cereus/thuringiensis group were misidentified as B. anthracis. (cardiff.ac.uk)
B. anthracis is closely related to sev- posit was suspended in sterile PBS. (who.int)

subtilis str. (lbl.gov)

It is the only permanent (obligate) pathogen within the genus Bacillus. (wikipedia.org)

B. anthracis has a single chromosome which is a circular, 5,227,293-bp DNA molecule. (wikidoc.org)

Understanding the extent to which Bacillus species other than B. anthracis carry anthrax toxin genes and whether their geographic range extends beyond the U.S. Gulf Coast states is limited. (cdc.gov)
Features such as the location within the rod, the size and shape of the endospore, and whether or not it causes the wall of the rod to bulge out are characteristic of particular species of Bacillus. (wikipedia.org)
The differential interactions between Bacillus species and lectins afforded a means of distinguishing B. anthracis from other bacilli. (wikigenes.org)
Lectins may prove useful in the laboratory identification of B. anthracis and possibly other pathogenic Bacillus species, such as B. cereus. (wikigenes.org)
The results presented here clearly demonstrate the differences between the two biovar antiqua lineages and support the notion that grouping Y. pestis strains based strictly on the classical definition of biovars (predicated upon two biochemical assays) does not accurately reflect the phylogenetic relationships within this species. (asm.org)

Bacillus thuringiensis serovar konkukian str. (weizmann.ac.il)

and the 2001 anthrax attacks in the U.S. (Cole, 2003 ). (cdc.gov)
In 2001, Keim was tapped to help investigate the anthrax-containing letters mailed by a terrorist across the US. (rdworldonline.com)
The LRN played a critical role in the anthrax investigation in 2001, as well as other incidents where suspicious substances were found. (cdc.gov)

Solution structure of the putative copper-ion-binding protein from Bacillus anthracis str. (berkeley.edu)
We found 453 single nucleotide polymorphisms in protein-coding regions, which were used to assess the evolutionary relationships of these Y. pestis strains. (asm.org)

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 3 str. (up.ac.za)
Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai str. (ncrnadatabases.org)

Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis str. (up.ac.za)

1%). Anthrax caused by inhalation is usually fatal, and symptoms usually begin days after exposure. (medscape.com)

Bacillus subtilis subsp. (lbl.gov)

Most B. anthracis strains produce a capsule that gives colonies a slimy mucus-like appearance. (wikipedia.org)

Fluorescein-conjugated lectin of G. max stained vegetative cells of B. anthracis uniformly, suggesting that the distribution of lectin receptors was continuous over the entire cellular surface. (wikigenes.org)
B. anthracis have a characteristic square-ended appearance, traditionally associated with its vegetative state, although this may not always be very clear. (wikidoc.org)

Only the plasmid pX01 sequence, which carries genes for toxinssynthesis, was detected and completely assembled for both strains. (ufrgs.br)

Bioterrorism must be suspected in any case of inhalational anthrax. (medscape.com)

B. anthracis has 3 main virulence factors coded on 2 plasmids, pXO1 and pXO2. (cdc.gov)
In mice, the attenuated strains possess a low degree of virulence, due to toxin production. (cdc.gov)
These genomic data generateinsights about vaccinal B. anthracis virulence. (ufrgs.br)
This is one of the two established in vivo virulence factors of B. anthracis . (wikidoc.org)
A comparison of four virulent Y. pestis strains with the human-avirulent strain 91001 provides further insight into the genetic basis of virulence to humans. (asm.org)

Routine manipulation of the strain in a microbiology laboratory is not likely to result in exposure. (cdc.gov)
The study, published this week in mBio ®, an open-access journal of the American Society for Microbiology, highlights the advances in genomic sequencing that now enable precise tracking of bacterial strains used in biological warfare and terrorist attacks around the world. (rdworldonline.com)
Working in tandem, Keim's Arizona team and Herman Meyer and Markus Antwerpen at the Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology in Munich, sequenced the strains using next-generation sequencing (NGS), a technique that allowed them to analyze every genetic difference at the level of single letter changes to the genetic code. (rdworldonline.com)

when B. cereus with anthrax toxin is suspected, laboratorians and clinicians should pursue additional testing through their state Laboratory Response Network laboratory. (cdc.gov)

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease that can infect both humans and animals [3]. (kenyon.edu)

Regional health departments and the Laboratory Response Network serve pivotal roles in pathogen detection and procuring anthrax antitoxin for confirmed cases. (cdc.gov)
In one of the CDC anthrax incidents, workers did not wear the proper personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling the potential live strains, even though standard laboratory protocol required PPE be worn. (getinge.com)
The German-American physician Anton Dilger established a secret biological laboratory in Chevy Chase, Maryland, with the intent to grow the causative agents of anthrax and glanders. (medscape.com)
The laboratory study used saliva with a range of initial anthrax concentrations, to compare detection by direct observation from conventional blood agar culture and by anthrax-specific PCR after a shorter culture in BHI broth. (bvsalud.org)
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), to define the diagnosis of anthrax requires stepwise laboratory testing first in a local laboratory, referral laboratory and final validation by a national laboratory. (bvsalud.org)
Previous laboratory studies have shown that in military personnel that received anthrax vaccination through nasal and oral mucosal membranes, specific antibody and specific IgG are detectable from saliva [8,9]. (bvsalud.org)
Laboratory personnel must take level II biohazard precautions to avoid contracting anthrax from specimens. (medscape.com)

See also the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Emergency Preparedness regarding anthrax. (msdmanuals.com)

Even eating rare meat from an infected animal is enough to cause anthrax. (kenyon.edu)

Sequence analyses and subtyping of Bacillus anthracis strains from Georgia reveal a single distinct lineage (Aust94) that is ecologically established. (nau.edu)
TSA: Nitella hyalina strain KGK0190 nhya_c43280_c mRNA sequence. (nig.ac.jp)

Besides being a threat to the human population, anthrax has also been used in acts of biological warfare. (kenyon.edu)

For clinical aspects of the disease, see Anthrax . (wikidoc.org)
Anthrax, an often fatal disease of animals, is transmitted to humans by contact with infected animals or their products. (msdmanuals.com)
They can also detect specific strains of disease agents and perform other specialized tests. (cdc.gov)

Saliva can provide useful samples for diagnosis of oropharyngeal anthrax. (bvsalud.org)
Saliva is common in diagnostic sampling with high sensitivity, specificity and reliability for other purposes, but uncommon for defining the diagnosis of anthrax. (bvsalud.org)

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