AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
EimeriaEimeria tenellaCoccidiosisOocystsCoccidiostatsPoultry DiseasesChickensProtozoan VaccinesEncyclopedias as TopicChiropteraCamelids, New World
TenellaCoccidiosisMaximaSpeciesChickensParasitesPraecoxOocystsBroilersParasiteInfectionToxoplasmaATCCNecatrixVACCINEPoultry industryOocystIsolateBacillusAntimicrobialVaccinesResistantGenesPerfringensInfectionsMycoplasmaVaccinationMethodsAcanthamoebaPrevalenceImmuneLaboratoryResistanceDiseaseLifeExtractMain
Tenella15
  • Evanovo is a live attenuated parasitic vaccine against coccidiosis in chickens containing Eimeria acervulina , strain 044, live / Eimeria maxima , strain 013, live / Eimeria praecox , strain 007, live / Eimeria tenella , strain 004, live (ATCvet code QI01AN01) as active substance . (europa.eu)
  • Eimeria species identified in descending order of their occurrence were E. tenella , E. acervulina , E. necatrix, E. maxima and E. mitis . (scialert.net)
  • Eimeria tenella has emerged as valuable model organism for studying the biology and immunology of protozoan parasites with the establishment of the reverse genetic manipulation platform. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Anti-coccidial effects of the fruits of Tribulus terrestris (Tribuli fructus) ethanol extract (TTE) were studied with animal experiment following per oral administration with Eimeria ( E .) tenella . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Kaingu F, Liu D, Wang L, Tao J, Waihenya R, Kutima H. Anticoccidial effects of Aloe secundiflora leaf extract against Eimeria tenella in broiler chicken. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lee HA, Hong S, Chung Y, Kim O. Sensitive and specific identification by polymerase chain reaction of Eimeria tenella and Eimeria maxima, important protozoan pathogens in laboratory avian facilities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Stotish RL, Wang CC, Meyenhofer M. Structure and composition of the oocyst wall of Eimeria tenella. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present study is aimed to investigate whether increasing dietary Met levels will improve the anticoccidial effects in broilers medicated or vaccinated against coccidia under Eimeria (E.) tenella -challenged condition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It gives active immunisation to the chicks against Eimeria acervulina, maxima, mitis, praecox and tenella. (poultryworld.net)
  • Nevertheless, in terms of their pathogenicity and economic significance for the commercial poultry industry, Eimeria acervulina , E. maxima , E. necatrix and E. tenella are important. (bri.cz)
  • All species of Eimeria that infect chickens can cause coccidiosis, but four of these ( E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. necatrix and E. tenella ) are generally considered most important due to their pathogenicity, global prevalence and overall economic impact. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Strategies to generate and stabilise populations of transfected Eimeria tenella are described here, together with the identification of optimal parameters for the transfection process. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A series of plasmids expressing selectable markers, including a panel of fluorescent reporter genes and a mutant Toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TSm2m3) gene that confers resistance to pyrimethamine, were electroporated into sporozoites of the E. tenella Wisconsin strain and stabilised by selective passage through chickens. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The yeast was molecularly identified as Meyerozyma guilliermondii, and its anticoccidial activity against Eimeria tenella oocysts was assessed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Zoetis Deccox coccidiostat is a Type A medicated article for the prevention of coccidiosis in broilers caused by Eimeria tenella, E. necatrix, E. acervulina, E. mivati, E. maxima and E. brunetti. (wattagnet.com)
Coccidiosis19
  • Eimeria is a genus of apicomplexan parasites that includes various species capable of causing the disease coccidiosis in animals such as cattle, poultry and smaller ruminants including sheep and goats. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most prevalent species of Eimeria that cause coccidiosis in cattle are E. bovis, E. zuernii, and E. auburnensis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The benefits of Evanovo are its efficaciousness for the active immunisation of chickens to reduce clinical signs (diarrhoea), intestinal lesions and oocysts output associated with coccidiosis caused by Eimeria acervulina , Eimeria maxima and Eimeria praecox , and for the reduction of clinical signs, intestinal lesions and oocysts output associated with coccidiosis caused by Eimeria tenella . (europa.eu)
  • Avian coccidiosis is a major worldwide veterinary health challenge caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa, Eimeria . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The objective of this study was first to investigate the prevalence of poultry coccidiosis and to identify the coccidial species occurring in the study area on local strain and Rhode Island Red breed chicken. (scialert.net)
  • Clinical coccidiosis occurrence in Rhode Island Red breed and local strain chicken was 22.58% and 12.25% respectively. (scialert.net)
  • The use of feed additives to control Eimeria infection and improve gut health has now become a part of coccidiosis management. (orffa.com)
  • A new generation of vaccines against coccidiosis in chickens , using attenuated oocysts of Eimeria spp . (eimeriaprevention.com)
  • As the Product Manager of EVALON ® explains in this article , this new generation of adjuvanted live attenuated vaccines against coccidiosis in chickens will allow poultry veterinarians and producers to choose Eimeria Prevention using vaccination only . (eimeriaprevention.com)
  • Abstract: Coccidiosis is a disease caused by intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria that affect the intestinal tract of poultry. (embrapa.br)
  • Coccidiosis, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria, is one of the main threats for aviculture, as it causes severe hemorrhagic diarrhea and acts as a predisposing factor for necrotic enteritis, whose causative agent is Clostridium perfringens. (unibo.it)
  • Coccidiosis in poultry is a parasitic disease of the gastrointestinal tract caused by a single cell protozoan parasite of the family Eimeria . (bri.cz)
  • Investigación continua enfocada sobre el estudio de la coccidiosis en los pollos y en el desarrollo de nuevas tecnología en el campo de la producción avícolas. (bri.cz)
  • High levels of Eimeria infection cause clinical coccidiosis which is a significant threat to poultry welfare, and a pre-disposing contributory factor for necrotic enteritis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All three of the newly described species have negative impacts on chicken production parameters and the live vaccines currently available to control coccidiosis confer very low or no protection against them, most likely because of the species-specific nature of immune protection induced by Eimeria infection (Fornace et al. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Avian coccidiosis is a disease caused worldwide by several species of parasite Eimeria that causes significant economic losses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Coccidiosis is a widespread disease reported in numerous vertebrate that is caused by Eimeria species and shows strict host specificity [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Coccidiosis in chickens is a complex disease caused by one or more of several Eimeria species [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The free-range management is certainly an ac- and coccidiosis ( Eimeria sp. (medicpdf.com)
Maxima1
Species16
  • Eimeria species are considered to be monoxenous because the life cycle is completed within a single host, and stenoxenous because they tend to be host specific, although a number of exceptions have been identified. (wikipedia.org)
  • Membrane glyconjugates have been proposed as potential host cell receptors for Eimeria species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Eimeria species have complex life-cycles consisting of three developmental stages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It also provides valuable resources for future studies on Eimeria , and provides insight into the understanding of reproductive mode plasticity in different Eimeria species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With the development of drug resistance in Eimeria species threatening the continued use of prophylactic anticoccidials, vaccination remains a desirable long-term strategy for combatting this disease [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In Europe, few field surveys of Eimeria species are available and even less have been conducted using samples from broiler farms. (hipra.com)
  • In this study, litter samples obtained in broiler farms from Spain, Belgium, Italy and France were evaluated for the presence of the Eimeria species. (hipra.com)
  • Various Eimeria species invade different parts of the intestinal tract and replicate within the epithelial cells, causing severe damage to the intestinal wall. (orffa.com)
  • In the past, the fight against the different Eimeria species was through the use of several molecules in the food. (eimeriaprevention.com)
  • In turkeys there are also seven species of coccidia recognised but the mainly pathogenic ones are Eimeria adenoeides , E. meleagrimitis and E. gallopavovis . (bri.cz)
  • Seven species of Eimeria that infect domestic chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) (Reid et al. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2019 ), and on the basis of genotypic and phenotypic properties these were recently proposed to be previously unrecognised parasite species and given the names Eimeria lata , Eimeria nagambie and Eimeria zaria (Blake et al. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The emergence of what appear to be previously undetected Eimeria species suggests that there is potential for additional pathogenic and economic threats in the future. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A toolbox facilitating stable transfection of Eimeria species. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Stable transfection of Eimeria species has been difficult to achieve because of the obligate requirement for in vivo amplification and selection of the parasites. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Using the disease model, it was shown that under the conditions tested, factors such as co-infection with Eimeria species, genotype of chicken and the strain of C. perfringens were the most critical factors involved in disease development, while other factors such as age of chickens, contact with litter and protein content of the diet played a lesser role. (uconn.edu)
Chickens5
Parasites3
  • Eimeria is a common genus of apicomplexan parasites that infect diverse vertebrates, most notably poultry, causing serious disease and economic losses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This disease is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria . (orffa.com)
  • Successful development of methods to generate and isolate stable populations of transfected Eimeria parasites will now stimulate rapid expansion of reverse genetic studies in this important coccidian. (ox.ac.uk)
Praecox1
  • HIPRACOX ® vaccine was launched in 2008 in Europe and is still today, the only vaccine for broilers with Eimeria praecox . (eimeriaprevention.com)
Oocysts3
  • The oocysts of what was later called Eimeria stiedai were first seen by the pioneering Dutch microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) in the bile of a rabbit in 1674. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Eimeria life cycle has an exogenous phase, during which the oocysts are excreted into the environment, and an endogenous phase, where parasite development occurs in the host intestine. (wikipedia.org)
  • The principle of vaccination relies on artificial infection of susceptible animals with controlled numbers of either virulent or attenuated strains of coccidian oocysts that elicit a low-level infection upon which the organism responds with specific immunity. (bri.cz)
Broilers2
  • Some think the vaccine-strains will push out field strains because the broilers are infected with the vaccine-strains at day one and start to excrete vaccine oocytes two weeks later after a full lifecycle of the protozoa. (poultryworld.net)
  • Use of a synthetic or chemical product once a year is recommended for broilers to clean up field strains. (wattagnet.com)
Parasite1
  • With its distinct biology and immunology, the Eimeria parasite also holds promise as a model organism for protozoan research. (biomedcentral.com)
Infection2
  • This finding indicated that coccidial infection in Rhode Island Red breed was significantly higher than in local strain chicken (p (scialert.net)
  • Infection with Eimeria spp. (bioone.org)
Toxoplasma1
  • Due to lack of efficient in vitro tissue culture model and an effective selection marker, the technical capability for genetic modification of Eimeria has lagged behind for that of Toxoplasma and Plasmodium . (biomedcentral.com)
ATCC2
  • Specific ATCC strains can be arranged if requested for. (agrivet.in)
  • Clostridium perfringens ATCC® 13124 strain (105 CFU/mL) was incubated with the substances under anaerobic conditions in Reinforced Clostridial Medium at 37°C for 24 h. (unibo.it)
Necatrix1
  • Total RNA extracted from second- (MZ-2) and third-generation merozoites (MZ-3) of Eimeria necatrix was subjected to transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) followed by qRT-PCR validation. (biomedcentral.com)
VACCINE5
  • Live vaccine against Avian Infectious Laryngotracheitis strain CHP50, in oculonasal freeze-dried tablet. (hipra.com)
  • Unfortunately, non-attenuated strains are used in this vaccine and some medication with anticoccidials is very often still needed after vaccination. (eimeriaprevention.com)
  • With vaccination, the introduction of a safe vaccine strain of coccidioses, we can push out the resistant field strains," De Gussem said. (poultryworld.net)
  • Others think the field strains will crossbreed with vaccine strains, making the 'end product' (partly the old field strain) again sensible for anti-coccidials. (poultryworld.net)
  • This happens because the vaccine strains were selected on their sensitivity on coccidiostats. (poultryworld.net)
Poultry industry1
  • Eimeria infections are particularly damaging to the poultry industry and costs the United States more than $1.5 billion in annual loses. (wikipedia.org)
Oocyst2
  • Frequency detection of oocyst in the fecal samples from Rhode Island Red breed and local strain chicken was 80.65% and 61.25% respectively. (scialert.net)
  • The lesion score and mean oocyst output per gram feces was also considerably higher in Rhode Island Red breed than in local strain chicken (p (scialert.net)
Isolate1
  • The ability of these strains to produce disease was evaluated in the NE model and it was determined that only strains that possess netB were capable of producing NE regardless of the source of the isolate. (uconn.edu)
Bacillus3
  • Previous studies have shown that secondary metabolites of Bacillus subtilis strain Z15 (BS-Z15) are effective in treating fungal infections in mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Potential control of the infective stage of Taenia pisiformis using Bacillus thuringiensis GP526 strain. (uaem.mx)
  • 2017. The colonization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains in bryophytes. (dacaruso.com)
Antimicrobial1
  • A. abyssinica, A. absinthium and A. annua ) and evaluate their antimicrobial activities against bacterial strains. (springeropen.com)
Vaccines3
  • 4. Significance of not including all the strains in one vaccines. (hazarteb.com)
  • Now it is time for Eimeria Prevention with vaccines. (eimeriaprevention.com)
  • Live vaccines of either virulent or attenuated lines of Eimeria are currently used throughout the world with the exception of Europe, where virulent vaccines are not allowed. (bri.cz)
Resistant3
  • The prolonged use of anticoccidials has further led to the development of resistant Eimeria strains. (orffa.com)
  • Recombination is a mechanism whereby high level and multidrug-resistant strains may be generated in individual treated patients. (cdc.gov)
  • The threshold depends upon the capacity of the virus to mutate to strains resistant to the drugs. (cdc.gov)
Genes1
  • Nevertheless, the absence of an effective gene editing system has left many questions about functions of Eimeria 's unique genes unanswered. (biomedcentral.com)
Perfringens3
  • The importance of the strain of C. perfringens in the development of NE was further investigated, by examining the role of the recently discovered NetB toxin in the pathogenesis of NE. (uconn.edu)
  • Finally, this work demonstrated for the first time, that C. perfringens strains, regardless of disease producing capability were capable of binding to extracellular matrix molecules (ECMM) and in some cases to Caco-2 cells. (uconn.edu)
  • The finding that C. perfringens strains that are capable of producing severe disease in the NE model were also capable of binding to collagen type III, IV, fibrinogen, laminin and vitronectin better than less severe disease producing strains, suggests that the ability to adhere to ECMMs might be an important virulence factor for C. perfringens in producing NE. (uconn.edu)
Infections1
  • Conversely, there are indications that bacteria influence the course of disease after infections with Eimeria spp. (bioone.org)
Mycoplasma1
  • Mycoplasma strains have also been isolated from sheep having respiratory distress and typed as M. agalactiae by using reference sera (National Collection of Type Culture, London). (cswri.res.in)
Vaccination2
  • After a few rounds of vaccination without the use of anti-coccidials we have strains in the barn that are susceptible again for regular coccidiostats so we were able again to introduce a regular treatment program. (poultryworld.net)
  • This review summarises current trends in strategies for control of Eimeria , focusing on three main areas: good husbandry, chemoprophylaxis and vaccination. (biomedcentral.com)
Methods3
  • He is also the Inventor of "Compositions and methods of enhancing immune responses to Eimeria" (United States Patent 8956849). (walshmedicalmedia.com)
  • Methods: Forty actinomycetes strains were isolated from different sediments and seawater samples collected from the Red Sea coast in Egypt. (oaji.net)
  • There is a need for efficient laboratory methods for strain-level characterization to assist in outbreak investigations. (cdc.gov)
Acanthamoeba2
  • Acanthamoeba castellanii str. (ensembl.org)
  • Neff (GCA_000313135.1) (Acanthamoeba castellanii str. (ensembl.org)
Prevalence1
Immune1
  • In previous studies, secondary metabolites of B. subtilis strain Z15 (BS-Z15) were found to be highly effective as a broad-spectrum antibacterial in vitro and could act as an elicitor to regulate systemic resistance in plants by inducing the immune response of plants [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Laboratory1
  • From CSWRI, Avikanagar, P. multocida serotype B was isolated from an outbreak of pneumonia and it was compared with a reference strain obtained from FAO regional reference laboratory, Sri Lanka. (cswri.res.in)
Resistance1
  • However, strain resistance and drug residue in the carcass have drawn the attention of the productive sector. (embrapa.br)
Disease1
  • netB negative strains including those isolated from cases of NE were unable to produce NE in the disease model. (uconn.edu)
Life1
Extract2
  • The results indicated that the crude extract of these plants was effective against selected bacterial strains. (springeropen.com)
  • 3 mm) was recorded for test extract of A.ap against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC1053 T . Ethyl acetate extract of A, absinthium (A.abe) was more effective against these selected bacterial strains and the zone of inhibition ranged from 5 to 35 mm. (springeropen.com)
Main1
  • The main component of the research activities is the study of genomic DNA of Eimeria. (bri.cz)