Acoustic StimulationAuditory ThresholdCochleaElectric StimulationHearingCochlear ImplantsAuditory PathwaysHearing AidsOtoacoustic Emissions, SpontaneousEvoked Potentials, AuditoryAudiometry, SpeechEvoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain StemAuditory CortexNoiseDeafnessCochlear NerveCochlear ImplantationTympanic MembranePsychoacousticsHearing LossSound SpectrographyEfferent PathwaysSpeech PerceptionSound LocalizationInferior ColliculiOlivary NucleusAuditory PerceptionCochlear NucleusAudiometryAudiometry, Pure-ToneHair Cells, Auditory, OuterHair Cells, AuditoryTime FactorsGerbillinaeGuinea PigsPhysical StimulationFunctional LateralityNeuronsElectric Stimulation TherapyPhotic StimulationStimulation, ChemicalDeep Brain StimulationTranscranial Magnetic StimulationReaction TimeCells, CulturedAction PotentialsCatsGeneralization, StimulusEvoked PotentialsSignal TransductionVisual PerceptionRats, Sprague-DawleySensory ThresholdsCalciumDiscrimination LearningDiscrimination (Psychology)Brain MappingElectrodes, ImplantedTouchElectrophysiologyVisual CortexPsychophysicsTranscutaneous Electric Nerve StimulationAttentionPattern Recognition, VisualModels, NeurologicalDose-Response Relationship, DrugNeurons, AfferentNeural InhibitionCell LineMuscle ContractionAfferent PathwaysAnalysis of VarianceEvoked Potentials, VisualMotion PerceptionPhosphorylationReflexEnzyme ActivationCuesSynaptic TransmissionElectromyographyVagus NerveEvoked Potentials, SomatosensoryKineticsElectroencephalographyBehavior, AnimalRNA, MessengerOrientationRats, WistarMice, Inbred C57BLNeural PathwaysContrast SensitivityEvoked Potentials, MotorSomatosensory CortexBrainLymphocyte ActivationColor PerceptionConditioning, ClassicalPsychomotor PerformanceMotor Cortex