Stimulation receptors antigen b cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells can restore the activity of exhausted T cell through reprogramming and is widely used in the treatment of relapsed/refractory (r/r) hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
To test the expansion of infant T lymphocytes by stimulation with artificial antigen presenting cells identical to those used in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART)-19 production. (iu.edu)

The co-stimulatory signal is necessary for T cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. (wikipedia.org)
One complementary therapy could be 're-activating' vasculogenesis (i.e. the differentiation of precursor cells into mature endothelial cells), a mechanism that occurs in the heart during development but is quiescent in adult hearts. (elifesciences.org)
We show that NAD + regulates CD4 + T-cell differentiation through tryptophan hydroxylase-1 ( Tph1 ), independently of well-established transcription factors. (nature.com)
Our findings unravel a new pathway orchestrating CD4 + T-cell differentiation and demonstrate that NAD + may serve as a powerful therapeutic agent for the treatment of autoimmune and other diseases. (nature.com)
Although differentiation of naïve CD4 + T cells has been considered to be an irreversible process, accumulating evidence suggests that T cells are much more flexible than initially believed with the ability to interchange between helper phenotypes 15 . (nature.com)
T cells must substantially increase nutrient uptake to mount a proper immune response and failure to obtain sufficient nutrients or engage the appropriate metabolic pathways can alter or prevent effector T cell differentiation and function. (elifesciences.org)
This review will discuss the metabolic adaptations necessary for T cells to meet changing biochemical needs throughout different stages of differentiation. (elifesciences.org)
CD45 is a signaling molecule that regulates a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, cell cycle, and oncogenic transformation. (biolegend.com)
CD14+ monocytes from IBD patients had significantly decreased cleaved H3T22, suggesting they were epigenetically primed for macrophage differentiation.We describe the first systems-level quantification of histone modifications across immune cells from IBD patients at a single-cell resolution revealing the increased epigenetic heterogeneity that is not possible with traditional ChIP-seq profiling. (stanford.edu)
Alessio M, Ghigo D, Garbarino G, Geuna M, Malavasi F: Analysis of the human CD36 leucocyte differentiation antigen by means of the monoclonal antibody NL07. (exbio.cz)
To assess the potential role of the AhR in PM-mediated activation of DCs, co-stimulation, and cytokine expression, bone marrow (BM)-derived macrophages and DCs from C57BL/6 wildtype or AhR knockout (AhR-/-) mice were treated with PM. Th17 differentiation was assessed via co-cultures of wildtype or AhR-/- BMDCs with autologous naive T cells. (cdc.gov)
In conclusion, PM enhances DC activation that primes naive T cell differentiation towards a Th17-like phenotype in an AhR-dependent manner. (cdc.gov)
T cell differentiation. (cdc.gov)
These signaling pathways are important in many cellular processes such as cell growth and division (proliferation) or maturation (differentiation). (medlineplus.gov)
Neuroblastoma and other cancers occur when a buildup of genetic mutations in critical genes-those that control cell proliferation or differentiation-allows cells to grow and divide uncontrollably to form a tumor. (medlineplus.gov)
We have examined the ability of peripheral blood helper T cells coexpressing CD57 to participate in B cell activation/differentiation and evaluated their responses to polyclonal stimulation. (lu.se)
Furthermore these cells do not induce differentiation of B cells into immunoglobulin-producing cells. (lu.se)
Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)

Under these M cells and in close proximity, B cells, CD4 + T cells, and APCs (including dendritic follicular cells [DFCs]) are found. (medscape.com)
NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. (frontiersin.org)
The focus of my lab is on the role of the cytoskeleton in T cell and dendritic cell function. (upenn.edu)
In dendritic cells, actin regulatory proteins control the uptake and presentation of antigens, migration of antigen-bearing cells from sites of infection to lymphoid organs, and defining the outcome of T cell stimulation. (upenn.edu)
Topics could include analyzing regulation of T cell actin dynamics at the immunological synapse, analyzing actin function during antigen presentation in dendritic cells, or manipulating cytoskeletal signaling pathways to modify T cell migration during T cell immunotherapy. (upenn.edu)
Follicular dendritic cells also express CD19. (thermofisher.com)
Guo Z, Zhang M, Tang H, Cao X: Fas signal links innate and adaptive immunity by promoting dendritic-cell secretion of CC and CXC chemokines. (exbio.cz)
Dendritic cells (DCs) bridge the connection between innate and adaptive immunity. (nih.gov)
The secretion of Hsp70 from the ovarian cancer cells will allow the Hsp70-associated antigenic peptide to be concentrated and targeted to dendritic cells (DCs) with subsequent DC activation. (acgtfoundation.org)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
Here we demonstrate that stimulation of mouse CD4(+) T cells by immature allogeneic dendritic cells combined with pharmacological inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE) resulted in a functional enrichment of Foxp3(+) T cells. (lu.se)
Ambient particulate matter activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in dendritic cells and enhances Th17 polarization. (cdc.gov)
The objective of this study was to explore the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in ambient particulate matter (PM)-mediated activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and Th17-immune responses in vitro. (cdc.gov)

Non-virally transformed T cells, induced to genomically integrate CAR by Sleeping Beauty transposase, were numerically expanded on artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC) derived from K562. (bmj.com)

In a very interesting review, P. MARRACK & J. KAPPLER focus on naïve, activated, and memory T cells survival separately, and discuss experiments done in vitro and in mice lacking or containing normal populations of lymphocytes. (scielo.br)
Prior studies of CAR-dependent T cell effector function evaluated CAR design on T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo. (bmj.com)
Our study assesses the effect ex vivo co-stimulation imparts on in vitro and in vivo effector function of CAR+ T cells. (bmj.com)
Although B- and T-cell development were normal, CD4(+)T cells lacking Emk exhibited a marked upregulation of the memory marker CD44/pgp-1 and produced more gamma interferon and interleukin-4 on stimulation through the T-cell receptor in vitro. (jcvi.org)
CD36 is expressed by most resting marginal zone B cells but not by follicular and B1 B cells, and it is rapidly induced on follicular B cells in vitro upon TLR and CD40 stimulation. (exbio.cz)
Objective: To study the inhibitory effect of ezetimibe in an experimental model of human hepatoma cell line (HepaRG) infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) positive human serum in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
These cells inhibited T cell proliferation in a standard in vitro mixed lymphocyte assay and, moreover, attenuated the development of vasculopathy mediated by autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a functionally relevant humanized mouse transplant model. (lu.se)
Their CD4 T cells do not respond to mitogens or allogeneic cells in vitro and do not produce CD8 cytotoxic T cells. (msdmanuals.com)
The CD4 + CD57 + T cells do not express mRNA for a number of different cytokines or for the CD40 ligand after activation in vitro. (lu.se)

During the activation of lymphocytes, co-stimulation is often crucial to the development of an effective immune response. (wikipedia.org)
Compelling evidence has however shown that without the assistance of the helper T lymphocytes, it is indeed difficult for the "helpless" B cells to become functional enough to trigger SLE-related inflammation. (hindawi.com)
Recent studies indicate that memory T lymphocytes contain distinct populations of central memory (T CM cells) and effector memory (T EM ) cells characterized by distinct homing capacity and effector function. (scielo.br)
Lymphocytes proliferate and differentiate in response to various concentrations of different antigens. (thermofisher.com)
Separation of human CD95 positive T cells (red-filled) from CD95 negative lymphocytes (black-dashed) in flow cytometry analysis (surface staining) of human peripheral whole blood stained using anti-human CD95 (LT95) PE-DyLight® 594 antibody (4 μl reagent / 100 μl of peripheral whole blood). (exbio.cz)
This review will discuss the metabolic changes that drive T cells into different stages of their development and how the TME imposes barriers to the metabolism and activity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. (elifesciences.org)
The introduction of genes that code for tumor-specific receptors into T lymphocytes, which are cells of the immune system that mediate tumor elimination, was a novel approach to cancer therapy. (acgtfoundation.org)
In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a disorder that involves the following: (1) low levels of most or all of the immunoglobulin (Ig) classes, (2) a lack of B lymphocytes or plasma cells that are capable of producing antibodies, and (3) frequent bacterial infections. (medscape.com)
Le pourcentage de CD44 dans les lymphocytes T périphériques était significativement plus élevé chez les patients que chez les témoins, comme détecté par la cytométrie en flux. (who.int)

The roles of the M cells include absorption, transport, processing, and presentation of antigens to subepithelial lymphoid cells. (medscape.com)

The most active T cell endogenous inhibitory pathway is the immunoglobulin superfamily such as CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4): B7-1/B7-2 receptor/ligand grouping, which plays a central role in coordinating immune responses [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Various biological processes including immunoreaction of infection, tumor prevention, and human aging could cause telomere damage, tumor-related stress responses, and T regulatory (Treg) cells activation, which even trigger T cell senescence showing the distinctive phenotypic and functional alternation [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Blockade of CTLA-4 by antibodies has potentiated antitumor T-cell responses in both preclinical models and clinical trials. (aacrjournals.org)
The authors also argue that memory B and T cell responses are long-lived in the absence of antigen, but they are modulated and influenced by other infections and that memory B and T cells can either provide protective immunity or contribute to immunopathology on infection with homologous or heterologous viruses. (scielo.br)
provides an overview of the dynamic in vivo life of NK cells from their development in the bone marrow to their mature cellular responses in the periphery and their ultimate demise, with emphasis on mouse NK cells and viral infections. (scielo.br)
DCs present antigens to T cells and stimulate potent cytotoxic T-cell responses. (nih.gov)
In addition, B-cell responses to T-cell-dependent and -independent antigen challenge were altered in vivo. (jcvi.org)
Won WJ, Bachmann MF, Kearney JF: CD36 Is Differentially Expressed on B Cell Subsets during Development and in Responses to Antigen. (exbio.cz)
We have recently demonstrated that vaccination with irradiated murine allogeneic ovarian cancer cells secreting heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) were capable of generating potent tumor antigen-specific immune responses and strong anti-tumor effects against ovarian cancers (Chang et al. (acgtfoundation.org)
Responses to mitogens and to standard vaccine antigens are determined to evaluate WBC and antibody function. (msdmanuals.com)
Therefore, murine airway CD8 + T cell-responses to aspiration of Aspergillus conidia may be mediated in part by the ability of conidia to germinate in the host lung tissue. (cdc.gov)

The counterpart of the co-stimulatory signal is a (co-)inhibitory signal, where inhibitory molecules interact with different signaling pathways in order to arrest T cell activation. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, SLE is currently believed to be a T cell-driven condition and, indeed, targeting molecules expressed on T cells and their signalling pathways can be one of the potential therapeutic strategies in SLE. (hindawi.com)
Stimulation of TCRs upon antigen binding triggers downstream signalling pathways which enables various physiological functions of the T cells. (hindawi.com)
This is a mathematical mechanistic immunobiochemical model that incorporates T cell pathways that control programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expression. (ebi.ac.uk)
Here, we proceed to ground the experimental observations in a mechanistic immunobiochemical model that incorporates T cell pathways that control PD-1 expression. (ebi.ac.uk)
Click on one of the subfamilies of IgSF or TNFRSF co-signaling receptors shown in the Explore Pathways box below to see how the different members of each family affect T cell activation. (rndsystems.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)

Phenotypic and functional alterations in lupus T cells including expansion of the Th17 population, perturbations of the physiology of T-cell receptors (TCRs) and postreceptor downstream signalling, oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes result in exaggeration of TCR response to stimuli and the propensity of lupus T cells to get activated [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
T cells recognize antigens presented to them by the major histocompatibility complex of antigen-presenting cells via the TCRs expressed on their surface. (hindawi.com)
After deploying Medigene's proprietary algorithms for evaluation of the unique characteristics of each of the 3S TCRs, including peptide specificity, tumor cell recognition and off-target toxicity, the Company has prioritized one of the 3S TCRs as the lead to move forward to the pre-clinical stage for Medigene's MDG2011 program. (nwahomepage.com)
The selection of this first mKRAS (mutant KRAS) lead TCR further validates our capabilities to generate 3S TCRs across both neoantigens and cancer-testis antigens. (nwahomepage.com)
These TCRs will be combined with the PD1-41BB and/or the CD40L-CD28 costimulatory switch proteins to enhance penetration, proliferation, persistence and enhanced cytotoxic function of Medigene's TCR-T cells while mitigating the immunosuppressive effects of the tumor microenvironment. (nwahomepage.com)
The sale and licensing deal with BioNTech is an important validation from a global leading biotech company of our proprietary technologies to discover and characterize highly specific TCRs and empower resulting TCR-T cells to fight solid tumors. (pressetext.com)
Dennoch bestätigen funktionelle Assays eine höhere Avidität von Treg TCRs im Vergleich zu Nicht-Tregs TCRs gegenüber dem endogenen Selbst-Antigen MOG35-55. (tu-berlin.de)

Breakdown of immune tolerance is believed to be one of the major mechanisms which triggers the production of autoantibodies by B cells and antibody forming cells, leading to inflammation upon binding to autoantigens and consequent tissue damage [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
We use different preclinical mouse models of cancer to investigate the local administration of CTLA-4 blocking antibody and its effect on cancer progression and the antitumor T-cell response. (aacrjournals.org)
The main target and effector cells of the CTLA-4 blockade treatment in the studied tumor models are tumor-specific endogenous CD8 + T cells that are capable of eradicating also distant tumors, whereas CD4 + T cells do not play a prominent role in the antibody-mediated tumor eradication. (aacrjournals.org)
Injecting CTLA-4 blocking antibody in a slow-release formulation close to the tumor is an effective way of activating the antitumor T-cell response. (aacrjournals.org)
Gamma-delta T cells may be involved in antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). (medscape.com)
This Antibody was verified by Knockout to ensure that the antibody binds to the antigen stated. (thermofisher.com)
Flow cytometry analysis of CD19 was performed by staining Raji CD19 Knock out cells with 0.25 µg Mouse IgG1 kappa Isotype Control (P3.6.2.8.1), PE, eBioscience™ (Product # 12-4714-82, yellow histogram) or 0.25 µg CD19 Monoclonal Antibody (HIB19), PE, eBioscience™ (Product # 12-0199-42, blue histogram). (thermofisher.com)
Applications Tested: This HIB19 antibody has been pre-titrated and tested by flow cytometric analysis of normal human peripheral blood cells. (thermofisher.com)
A test is defined as the amount (µg) of antibody that will stain a cell sample in a final volume of 100 µL. (thermofisher.com)
The antibody LT95 reacts with an extracellular epitope on CD95 (Fas/APO-1), a 46 kDa single chain type I glycoprotein of the tumour necrosis factor/nerve growth factor (TNF/NGF) receptor superfamily, expressed on a variety of normal and neoplastic cells. (exbio.cz)
The studies suggest that residual antigen is a major driving force for the immune response that that serum antibody can interact with such residual antigen and suppress the stimulation. (dtic.mil)
The molecular basis of antibody formation was studied using normal lymphoid tissue as well as clones of murine myeloma cells. (dtic.mil)
The final phase of the work led to an examination of the antibody receptors on B cells. (dtic.mil)
The mouse monoclonal antibody CB38 (NL07) recognizes an extracellular epitope of CD36 (GPIIIb), a 85-113 kDa integral membrane glycoprotein expressed on platelets, macrophages, endothelial cells, early erythroid cells and megakaryocytes. (exbio.cz)
CD36 does not affect the development of B cells, but modulates both primary and secondary antibody response. (exbio.cz)
Alessio M, Roggero S, Bussolino F, Saitta M, Malavasi F: Characterization of the murine monoclonal antibody NL07 specific for the human thrombospondin receptor (CD36 molecule). (exbio.cz)
The localization of this cell population to specialized lymphoid structures suggests that it may play a role in the evolution of the antibody response following antigenic stimulation in vivo. (lu.se)

In the B cell system protective memory is mediated by plasma cells that secrete antibodies, whereas reactive memory is mediated by memory B cells that proliferate and differentiate to plasma cells in response to secondary antigenic stimulation. (scielo.br)
The worry has been that if antibodies are generated to this viral "spike protein" after it has had a chance to bind to human cells (post-fusion conformation), that this would give a better chance for non-neutralizing antibodies to arise (and thus provide a better chance for unwanted inflammation of ADE to develop). (educatetruth.com)
cells are activated by interaction with antigens and obtain T indicated that the cell lines representing a defined cell help, they mature into terminally differentiated plasma stage generally presented a high similarity in over- cells secreting large amounts of antibodies [10 -12]. (lu.se)
Another theory sug- perature, blood pressure, and noting signs gests that circulating immune complexes of liver cell failure such as pallor, jaundice, composed of HCV antigens and antibodies palmar erythema, fetor hepaticus and flap- deposit in tissues and initiate an inflamma- ping tremor. (who.int)

In T cell biology there are several co-stimulatory molecules from different protein families. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, it induces the activity of NFAT and NFκB transcription factors through interaction with lymphocyte cell-specific protein-tyrosine kinase (LCK) and GRB2 and/or activation of phopshoinositol-3-Kinase (PI3K) resulting in Akt kinase activation, promoting T cell proliferation and IL-2 production. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, it's involved in other biochemical functions of the cell, including T cell metabolism, post-translational protein modifications or cytoskeletal remodeling. (wikipedia.org)
Important biological events associated with plasma membranes, such as signal transduction, cell adhesion, and protein trafficking, are mediated through the membrane microdomains. (mdpi.com)
Proteins of current interest in the lab include WASP, an actin regulatory protein involved in immunodeficiency disease, HS1, a related protein implicated in autoimmune disease, and Crk family adapter proteins, proteins that control T cell adhesion and migration. (upenn.edu)
Interleukin-2-Receptor (IL-2R) is a protein that is expressed on the cell surface of T and B cells upon activation of by antigen stimulation. (sekisuimedical.jp)
Its activity is directed by intracellular signals mediated by various types of receptors such as G protein-coupled receptors. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Here, we show the association of Dbl with G protein betagamma subunits (Gbetagamma) in transient co-expression and cell-free systems. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Emk is a serine/threonine protein kinase implicated in regulating polarity, cell cycle progression, and microtubule dynamics. (jcvi.org)
ADAMDEC1 protein was mainly released from PDGFRalpha+ cells and accumulated in the mucosal layer lamina propria space near the epithelial basement membrane. (stanford.edu)
CD36 (fatty acid translocase, FAT) is an 88 kDa ditopic glycosylated protein that belongs to the class B family of scavenger receptors. (exbio.cz)
How does the fact that there's an extra step involved in producing the vaccine's protein-based antigen(s) within the human body somehow mean that the final result isn't a true vaccine? (educatetruth.com)
By any rational standard, the mRNA vaccines are true vaccines in every sense of the word since they end up educating the human immune system to recognize a specific type of viral protein antigen which then causes this now educated immune system to specifically target the COVID-19 virus prior to an actual infection by the live virus. (educatetruth.com)
This protein, once produced, is exported from the cell and is then presented to the cells that make up the immune system. (educatetruth.com)
The cells that produce this foreign protein are not attacked because they do not express this viral protein on their own surfaces. (educatetruth.com)
ZAP-70 (zeta-associated protein 70) deficiency is an immunodeficiency disorder involving impaired T-cell activation caused by a signaling defect. (msdmanuals.com)
19 normal healthy in- receptor protein (CD117) that is structurally dividuals were recruited as a control group. (who.int)
The ALK gene provides instructions for making a protein called ALK receptor tyrosine kinase, which is part of a family of proteins called receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). (medlineplus.gov)
The activated kinase is able to transfer a phosphate group to another protein inside the cell, which is activated as a result. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the ALK gene change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in ALK receptor tyrosine kinase. (medlineplus.gov)
DeMarini, and Chapter 20, by Rice and cell death determine the size protein in several signal ing path- and Herceg). (who.int)

Nevertheless, ex vivo activation with cytokines can restore cytolytic activity of NK cells against GB, indicating that NK cells have potential for adoptive immunotherapy of GB if potent cytotoxicity can be maintained in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
Here, we discuss effects of the GB tumor microenvironment on NK-cell functionality, summarize early treatment attempts with ex vivo activated NK cells, and describe relevant CAR target antigens validated with CAR-T cells. (frontiersin.org)
In contrast, ACT expands a patient's own T cells ex vivo to direct anti-tumor immunity when transfused back into the patient. (elifesciences.org)
These data highlight that the use of co-stimulation in the ex vivo culture could potentially impact the therapeutic potential of CAR+ T cells. (bmj.com)
Dr. Sadelain demonstrated that human peripheral blood T cells could be effectively redirected to recognize the CO19 antigen and eradicate established, systemic human B cell tumors borne by immunodeficient mice, This was the first publication showing that genetically modified human T cells can induce durable remissions in an in vivo setting. (acgtfoundation.org)
Regulatory T cells (T(regs)) manipulated ex vivo have potential as cellular therapeutics in autoimmunity and transplantation. (lu.se)

Direct effects refer to potential HCV infection of B cells, while indirect mechanism includes viral interaction with cell surface receptors via chronic antigen stimulation and/or CD81 engagement. (nih.gov)

Signaling through co-stimulatory molecules from TNFRSF often involves the interaction with TRAF adaptor proteins to enhance T cell stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
The guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Dbl targets Rho family proteins thereby stimulating their GDP/GTP exchange, and thus is believed to be involved in receptor-mediated regulation of the proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The detection of HCV replication in B cells would support the hypothesis of direct virus-mediated lymphomagenesis, where the virus could trigger oncogenic events via intracellular viral proteins. (nih.gov)
3419. M.A. Mancini, D. He, I.I. Ouspenski, B.R. Brinkley, 'Dynamic continuity of nuclear and mitotic matrix proteins in the cell cycle,' J. Cell Biochem. (nanomedicine.com)
IκBζ, an atypical member of the nuclear IκB family of proteins, is expressed at low levels in most resting cells, but is induced upon stimulation of Toll-like/IL-1 receptors through an IRAK1/IRAK4/NFκB-dependent pathway. (oncotarget.com)
To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)

the latter are antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that function as memory cells interacting with type 1 THCs. (medscape.com)
The example of IgSF molecule is one of the most important co-stimulatory molecules expressed on T cells, CD28, which interacts predominantly with CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2), but also with B7-H2 (ICOS-L) in humans, present on the membrane of activated APCs. (wikipedia.org)
Another costimulatory receptor expressed on T cells is ICOS ( Inducible Costimulator), which interacts with ICOS-L expressed mainly on the APCs. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) produced by irradiated tumor cells can be captured by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the TME and presented to T cells. (nature.com)
Efficient recognition of foreign pathogens by T cells requires adhesive interactions between T cells and other cell types, such as endothelial cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and with components of the extracellular matrix. (scielo.br)
discuss the role of integrins in T cell- mediated immunity, with a focus on how these receptors participate in lymphocyte recirculation and T cell activation, how antigen stimulation regulates integrin activity, and how integrins define functionally unique subsets of T cells and APCs. (scielo.br)
Although it is possible to expand naturally occurring T(regs), an attractive alternative possibility, particularly suited to solid organ and bone marrow transplantation, is the stimulation of total T cell populations with defined allogeneic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) under conditions that lead to the generation or expansion of donor-reactive, adaptive T(regs). (lu.se)
Notably, PDE inhibition also enhanced the enrichment of human Foxp3(+) CD4(+) T cells driven by allogeneic APCs. (lu.se)

Stimulation of CD28 on type 1 THCs by B7 costimulatory molecules results in the secretion of interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon gamma by type 1 THCs. (medscape.com)
A first signal, which is antigen-specific, is provided through the T cell receptor (TCR) which interacts with peptide-MHC molecules on the membrane of an antigen presenting cell (APC). (wikipedia.org)
A second signal, the co-stimulatory signal, is antigen nonspecific and is provided by the interaction between co-stimulatory molecules expressed on the membrane of the APC and the T cell. (wikipedia.org)
Some molecules are permanently expressed on non-stimulated cells, such as CD28, others only after TCR triggering, for example 41-BB or CD27. (wikipedia.org)
It is constitutively localized, among other important T cell signaling molecules, in the central SMAC (supramolecular activation complex) of the immunological synapse. (wikipedia.org)
CD28 is important practically for all T cell types, but some other co-stimulatory molecules are expressed in some cell types more than in others. (wikipedia.org)
The current state of clinical trials evaluating therapeutic agents which target molecules expressing on and inside T cells for the treatment of SLE will be updated. (hindawi.com)
Each distinct CD4 + T-cell subset has a specific function and can mainly be distinguished by its cytokine profile, the expression pattern of cell surface molecules, and the activation of specific transcription factors 8 . (nature.com)
In this review, we discuss the changes in irradiated cancer cells and immune cells in the TME under different RT regimens and describe existing and potential molecules that could be targeted to improve the therapeutic effects of RT. (nature.com)
The aAPC were genetically modified to present the target antigen CD19 along with no co-stimulation, or co-stimulation via CD86, CD137L, or both molecules. (bmj.com)
The combination of kinome, transcriptome, and epigenome analyses of mouse PTCLs revealed a NK cell-like reprogramming of PTCL cells with expression of NK receptors (NKRs) and downstream signaling molecules such as Tyrobp and SYK. (nebraska.edu)
CD117 by immunohistochemical methods sion molecules, involved in cell-cell and in order to clarify the role of the infiltrating cell matrix interactions and thought to take inflammatory cells in the pathomechanisms part in cell motility [ 2,3 ]. (who.int)

BNP treatment increased vascularisation and the number of endothelial cells in all areas of infarcted hearts. (elifesciences.org)
Endothelial cell lineage tracing showed that BNP directly stimulated the proliferation of resident endothelial cells via NPR-A binding and p38 MAP kinase activation. (elifesciences.org)
Our results demonstrated that these immature cells have a natural capacity to differentiate into endothelial cells in infarcted hearts. (elifesciences.org)
The origin of new endothelial cells (i.e. resident or infiltrating) as well as the underlying mechanism leading to their proliferation (partial endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition [EndMT] or not) have long been debated. (elifesciences.org)

Of note, CD19, CD20, CD30, CD33, CD123, and CD269 as ideal targets have shown extraordinary potential for CAR-T cell therapy and other targets such as CD23 and SLAMF7 have brought promising future for clinical trials. (hindawi.com)
CD19 is expressed by B cells during all stages of development excluding the terminally differentiated plasma cells. (thermofisher.com)
Signaling through CD19 induces tyrosine phosphorylation, calcium flux and proliferation of B cells. (thermofisher.com)
The CD19 molecule is expressed on 100% of the peripheral B cells as defined by expression of kappa or lambda light chains. (thermofisher.com)
CD19 appears to be expressed on myeloid leukemia cells, particularly those of monocytic lineage. (thermofisher.com)
Leukemia phenotype studies have demonstrated that the earliest and broadest B cell restricted antigen is the CD19 antigen. (thermofisher.com)
The receptor for CD19 is an important functional regulator of normal and malignant B cell proliferation, and is expressed in all B cell precursor leukemias. (thermofisher.com)
B cells were isolated from whole blood of HCV-infected patients and healthy donors and probed for CD19 mRNA and HCV positive-strand RNA. (nih.gov)
CD19 serves as a B cell marker and HCV positive-strand RNA indicates the presence of the virus. (nih.gov)
In this study, the well characterized CD19-specific 2nd generation CAR, signaling through CD28 and CD3-ζ endodomains, was expressed in donor T cells. (bmj.com)

Dysregulation of the NF-κB pathway in B cells from PPARγ +/- was indicated by spontaneous NF-κB activation, as well as increased IκBα phosphorylation and gel-shift activity following LPS stimulation. (jci.org)
We developed BipotentR, a computational approach to find cancer-cell-specific regulators that simultaneously modulate tumor immunity and another oncogenic pathway. (biorxiv.org)
item [-] A distinct pathway for Erk phosphorylation is activated, and those cells are anergized for IgE, but not fMLP stim %note here: maybe we want to do pErk/ 63 staining with fMLP stim \item [-] while peroxide effect is thought to be secondary to PTPs, neither lyn, nor syk are activated %should we try to look at fyn? (openwetware.org)
In type I cells caspase 3 is activated by high amounts of caspase 8 generated at the DISC, in type II cells low concentration of caspase 8 activates pathway leading to the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and activation of caspase 3 by cytochom c. (exbio.cz)
Drosopoulos KG, Roberts ML, Cermak L, Sasazuki T, Shirasawa S, Andera L, Pintzas A.: Transformation by oncogenic RAS sensitizes human colon cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by up-regulating death receptor 4 and death receptor 5 through a MEK-dependent pathway. (exbio.cz)
RAS patients have an anomalous activity of the toll-like receptor TLR2 pathway that probably influences the stimulation of an abnormal Th1 immune response. (medscape.com)

CD95 (Fas, APO-1), a 46 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein, is a cell death receptor of the TNFR superfamily. (exbio.cz)
related to other transmembrane receptors. (who.int)

This receptor is genetically closely related to CD28 but cannot substitute for its function. (wikipedia.org)

The T cell receptor (TCR) is emerging as a key driver of T lymphocyte transformation. (nebraska.edu)
B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)

Furthermore, inflammatory mediators released by irradiated dying cells can attract and regulate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), further killing cancer cells. (nature.com)
While GB tumors are frequently infiltrated by natural killer (NK) cells, these are actively suppressed by the GB cells and the GB tumor microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
As T cell metabolism dictates effector function, it is now apparent that the effect of cancer cell metabolism on the tumor microenvironment (TME) may impair anti-tumor immunity, and these new hallmarks of cancer are therefore inextricably linked. (elifesciences.org)
However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) imposes different mechanisms that facilitate the impairment of DC functions, such as inefficient antigen presentation or polarization into immunosuppressive DCs. (mdpi.com)

In this brief review, a detailed account of the putative mechanisms by which the normal physiology of T cells are disturbed and why regulatory T cells fail to alleviate proinflammatory response in SLE will be discussed. (hindawi.com)
In contrast, regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a cardinal role in protecting against autoimmune diseases, inflammation and tissue damage 13 through secretion of IL-10 (ref. 14 ) and other mechanisms. (nature.com)

However, CAR-T cells can also produce some adverse events after treatment of hematological malignancies, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity, and on-target/off-tumor toxicity, which may cause systemic immune stress inflammation, destruction of the blood-brain barrier, and even normal tissue damage. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, Th1 IFN-γ-producing cells have been shown to have the capacity to produce the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10, initially considered a Th2 cytokine 20 . (nature.com)
Inhibition of top candidate ESRRA (Estrogen Related Receptor Alpha) killed tumors by direct effects on energy metabolism and two immune mechanisms: (i) cytokine induction, causing proinflammatory macrophage polarization (ii) antigen-presentation stimulation, recruiting CD8 + T cells into tumors. (biorxiv.org)
Phagocytic and cytotoxic T cells probably aid in destruction of oral epithelium that is directed and sustained by local cytokine release. (medscape.com)
Importantly, he found that T cell stimulation with the cytokine lnterleukln-15, but not the widely used lnterteukin-2, is critical for sustaining the therapeutic activity of infused CO19-spedflc T cells. (acgtfoundation.org)

BNP also stimulated the proliferation of WT1 + epicardium-derived cells but only in the hypoxic area of infarcted hearts. (elifesciences.org)
Visualization of this RNA would indicate viral proliferation within B cells. (nih.gov)
Long studied as a key component of the immune response, IκBζ emerges as an important regulator of inflammation, cell proliferation and survival. (oncotarget.com)
Without further manipulation or selection, the resultant population delayed skin allograft rejection mediated by polyclonal CD4(+) effectors or donor-reactive CD8(+) T cell receptor transgenic T cells and inhibited both effector cell proliferation and T cell priming for interferon-γ production. (lu.se)
Although the specific function of ALK receptor tyrosine kinase is unknown, it is thought to act early in development to help regulate the proliferation of nerve cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Constitutive activation of ALK receptor tyrosine kinase may increase the proliferation of immature nerve cells, leading to neuroblastoma. (medlineplus.gov)
In response to mito- pendence between the key mecha- gens, cell proliferation is triggered by nistic characteristics. (who.int)
H - Ras cell proliferation are also linked with haematopoietic cel s. (who.int)

Although NK cells play important roles in host defense against various infectious agents, they are critical in host defense against viral infections. (scielo.br)
Abdominal examination was are local formation of immune complexes done to detect cases of enlarged liver or induced by viral antigens, or a local tissue spleen and presence of ascites as complica- inflammation induced by autoantibodies tions of liver cirrhosis. (who.int)

Immunotherapy mainly includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as inhibitors of PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). (nature.com)
Our long-term goals in the lab are to understand how receptor-ligand interactions at the cell surface trigger remodeling of the cytoskeleton, and how the cytoskeleton in turn affects the immune response. (upenn.edu)

Our metabolomics and lipidomic analyses showed that Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation altered glycerolipids and amino acids in cDC1. (nih.gov)

1 , 2 In addition, mRNA encoding the cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are increased at sites of disease activity, suggesting local activation of antigen specific T cells. (bmj.com)
MS is an inflammatory-mediated demyelinating disease that has been associated with production of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17, two cytokines that are produced by Th1 and Th17 cells, respectively 12 . (nature.com)

Novel understanding in the interaction between immune system and cancer cells of the patient holds great promise for immunotherapy development [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
It is noted that T cell has great potential for immunotherapy of hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
One study reported an increased survival benefit with simultaneous RT compared with sequential administration, 8 while another study found no significant difference between the two strategies, 9 possibly because simultaneous RT plus immunotherapy and the administration of an ICI before RT may kill cancer cells as well a substantial number of immune cells, leading to poor systemic response and toxic side effects. (nature.com)
We then outline preclinical approaches that employ CAR-NK cells for GB immunotherapy, and give an overview on the ongoing clinical development of ErbB2 (HER2)-specific CAR-NK cells currently applied in a phase I clinical trial in glioblastoma patients. (frontiersin.org)
main text % % \newpage{} \linenumbers \section*{Introduction} %----------------------------------- \label{Introduction} Successful immunotherapy (IT) of IgE-mediated allergic disease is defined clinically as a long-lasting diminution of immediate hypersensitivity, \emph{i.e.}, greater tolerance, that is induced by repeated antigen exposure over a relatively long time period (\emph{e.g.} weeks-to-months). (openwetware.org)
Effective immunotherapy of stromal-rich tumors requires simultaneous targeting of cancer cells and immunosuppressive elements of the microenvironment. (aacrjournals.org)
Expanded understanding of the basic biology of T cell activation has enabled immunotherapy to combat cancer, and T cell metabolism now offers the opportunity to optimize and improve these therapeutic strategies. (elifesciences.org)
Finally, we will provide an overview of how utilizing an understanding of T cell metabolism may inform strategies to alter the TME or enhance T cell metabolism to strengthen the immunotherapy arsenal. (elifesciences.org)
In preliminary studies, we have developed genetically engineered T cells as a complementary immunotherapy to augment traditional treatment strategies. (acgtfoundation.org)
Immunotherapy using gene-transduced tumor cells has emerged as a potentially plausible approach for the control of advanced stage ovarian cancer. (acgtfoundation.org)

Neoantigens are tumor-specific antigens, which play a critical role in the growth and maintenance of tumors. (nwahomepage.com)
The physical structure of these solid tumors presents a formidable challenge to drug delivery vehicles that need to penetrate and reach all cancer cells in order to be optimally effective. (acgtfoundation.org)
The engineered T cells eradicate large tumors in pre-clinical experiments. (acgtfoundation.org)

Activation of T cells without co-stimulation may lead to the unresponsiveness of the T cell (also called anergy), apoptosis or the acquisition of the immune tolerance. (wikipedia.org)
TNFRSF4) is another co-stimulatory molecule expressed after T cell activation, but in the later timepoints, since it inhibits apoptosis and increases survival rate several days after the stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
However, from the beginning of puberty after thymus degeneration, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) persists due to the chronic activation of cytomegalovirus in humans causing repeated activation of T cells, which is considered the driving factor of human immune aging [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Currently, three main strategies are applied to restore the activation of senescent T cells, including replacement, restoration, and reprogramming. (hindawi.com)
Here, potential mechanisms involving alterations in T-cell receptor expressions, postreceptor downstream signalling, epigenetics, and oxidative stress which favour activation of lupus T cells will be discussed. (hindawi.com)
Melanoma-specific CD8+ T cells were shunted to the lung in the presence of the infection, where they expressed high levels of inflammation-induced cell-activation blocker PD-1, and became incapable of migrating back to the tumor site. (ebi.ac.uk)
The role that T cell receptor (TCR) activation and feedback loops play in the underlying processes are also highlighted and discussed. (ebi.ac.uk)
This interaction with a T-cell's receptor may result in activation, but, if recognition occurs without collateral molecular interactions which cause 'co-stimulation', these T-cells will be tolerized. (portlandpress.com)
Ezrin and moesin function together to promote T cell activation. (upenn.edu)
The actin cytoskeleton in T cell activation. (upenn.edu)
WAVE2 regulates actin cytoskeletal reorganization and CRAC-mediated calcium entry during T cell activation. (upenn.edu)
sIL-2R value is primarily reflects the degree of T-cell activation. (sekisuimedical.jp)
Stimulation of CD95 results in aggregation of its intracellular death domains, formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and activation of caspases. (exbio.cz)
CD45 plays a critical role in T and B cell antigen receptor-mediated activation by dephosphorylating substrates including p56Lck, p59Fyn, and other Src family kinases. (biolegend.com)
Here, we mapped metabolomic and lipidomic signatures associated with the activation phenotype of human conventional DC type 1, a DC subset specialized in cross-presentation and therefore of major importance for the stimulation of CD8 + T cells. (nih.gov)
However, the role of chronic TCR activation in lymphomagenesis and in lymphoma cell survival is still poorly understood. (nebraska.edu)
ZAP-70 deficiency causes T-cell activation defects. (msdmanuals.com)
suPAR is the soluble form of this receptor that correlates with activation of the immune system and is more elevated in very active and severe forms of disease. (medscape.com)

Stimulation of B cells leads to the production of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) within the Peyer patches, preventing adherence of bacteria and viruses to the epithelium and thus blocking entry to the subepithelial layers of the intestine. (medscape.com)
The sites of synthesis and intracellular transport of immunoglobulin in plasma cells was elucidated. (dtic.mil)
Patients have normal, low, or elevated serum immunoglobulin levels and normal or elevated numbers of circulating CD4 T cells but essentially no CD8 T cells. (msdmanuals.com)
The use of cell lines does, however, introduce a risk the immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting plasma cell in the spleen, of obtaining cell line-specific features as a result of the trans- gut, or BM [1, 2]. (lu.se)

For example, when a cytotoxic T cell recognizes a tumor cell for lysis, specific receptor interactions trigger capping of the cortical actin cytoskeleton, creating a specialized membrane domain that is important for T cell signaling events leading to lysis of the tumor cell. (upenn.edu)

I. To evaluate the biologic activity of azacitidine by pharmacodynamic assessment of global deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of infants treated with azacitidine. (iu.edu)
ICC/IF: Mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (abcam.com)
Flow Cyt: Mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (abcam.com)
We used epigenetic profiling by time-of-flight (EpiTOF) to investigate changes in histone modifications within peripheral blood mononuclear cells from IBD patients.We discovered substantial heterogeneity in histone modifications across multiple immune cell types in IBD patients. (stanford.edu)
A small subpopulation of CD4 + T cells found in peripheral blood coexpresses the CD57 + marker normally found on, e.g. (lu.se)
The findings suggest that this peripheral blood helper T cell population is functionally different from regular CD4 + T cells. (lu.se)

Engineered TCR-modified T cells (TCR-T cells) are reprogrammed to express a TCR that can recognize specific antigens only present on tumor cells, thereby enabling a precise and potent immune response to attack a patient's tumor. (pressetext.com)

Chronic inflammation of MALT from infective or autoimmune disorders can lead to the development of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas, or MALTomas. (medscape.com)
Recently, a number of phenotypic and functional alterations which increase the propensity to trigger lupus-related inflammation have been identified in lupus T cells. (hindawi.com)
The different activity levels of the PD-1 DIFFL components, as a function of the cognate antigen levels and the given inflammation context, manifest themselves in phenotypically distinct outcomes. (ebi.ac.uk)
e.g. inflammation, genotoxicity, and This chapter focuses on issues as- ellers, growth factors, growth factor epigenetic alterations) and can have sociated with the understanding and receptors, signal transducers, and both genetic and epigenetic origins. (who.int)

Moniuszko M, Kowal K, Rusak M, Pietruczuk M, Dabrowska M, Bodzenta-Lukaszyk A: Monocyte CD163 and CD36 expression in human whole blood and isolated mononuclear cell samples: influence of different anticoagulants. (exbio.cz)

M cells in the intestinal epithelium overlying Peyer patches allow transport of antigens to the lymphoid tissue beneath it. (medscape.com)

In this review, we aim to summarize the composition of CAR-T cell and its application in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), multiple myeloma (MM), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (hindawi.com)
Measuring soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor (sIL-2R) can be useful in the aid-in-diagnosis of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and ATL (adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma) as well as for the follow-up of patients who have been diagnosed with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma or ATL (adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma). (sekisuimedical.jp)
Epidemiological studies have shown that chronic HCV infection is associated with increased risk of developing lymphoproliferative disorders, including B cell non-Hodgkin‚Äôs lymphoma. (nih.gov)
This clinical translational proposal aimed to assess the therapeutic potential of genetically targeted T cells in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. (acgtfoundation.org)
At least 15 translocations involving the ALK gene have been identified in people with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), a rare form of cancer involving immune cells called T cells. (medlineplus.gov)

Mice primed with either ovalbumin or methylated BSA also showed enhanced antigen-specific immune response of both T and B cells, an immunological abnormality that exacerbated antigen-induced arthritis. (jci.org)
review the heterogeneity of the current models for memory T cells generation and maintenance in humans and mice. (scielo.br)
Furthermore, the anti-tumor activity of the CAR+ T cells numerically expanded on aAPC with or without co-stimulation was tested by adoptive transfer into mice containing CD19+ tumor. (bmj.com)
Emk(-/-) mice displayed growth retardation and immune cell dysfunction. (jcvi.org)
We observed a significant increase in IFN-γ-producing CD8 + T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of immunocompetent mice that repeatedly aspirated A. fumigatus conidia in contrast to mice challenged with A. versicolor , a species that is not typically associated with invasive, disseminated disease. (cdc.gov)
Airway IFN-γ + CD8 + T-cells were decreased and lung germination was eliminated in mice that aspirated A. fumigatus conidia that were formaldehyde-fixed or heat-inactivated. (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, A. fumigatus particles exhibited greater persistence in the lungs of recipient mice when compared to non-viable A. fumigatus or A. versicolor , and this correlated with increased maintenance of airway memory-phenotype CD8 + T cells. (cdc.gov)

Kapinsky M, Torzewski M, Büchler C, Duong CQ, Rothe G, Schmitz G: Enzymatically degraded LDL preferentially binds to CD14(high) CD16(+) monocytes and induces foam cell formation mediated only in part by the class B scavenger-receptor CD36. (exbio.cz)
uPAR, a receptor that binds plasminogen, is common throughout the body and plays a role in cellular destruction and degradation after plasminogen binds. (medscape.com)

Two of the primary immunotherapies are immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive cell transfer (ACT). (elifesciences.org)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) controls adipogenesis and glucose metabolism. (jci.org)
Using tumor metabolism as proof-of-principle, BipotentR identified 38 candidate immune-metabolic regulators by combining epigenomes with bulk and single-cell tumor transcriptomes from patients. (biorxiv.org)
The TME, however, can be metabolically hostile due to insufficient vascular exchange and cancer cell metabolism that leads to hypoxia, depletion of nutrients, and accumulation of waste products. (elifesciences.org)
Further, inhibitory receptors present in the TME can inhibit T cell metabolism and alter T cell signaling both directly and through release of extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. (elifesciences.org)

This phenomenon, known as gene amplification, results in overexpression of ALK receptor tyrosine kinase. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutated or overexpressed ALK receptor tyrosine kinase no longer requires stimulation from outside the cell to be phosphorylated. (medlineplus.gov)

Conversely, cDC1 exhibited increased mitochondrial content and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) upon TLR3 or TLR7/8 stimulation. (nih.gov)

Undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation following TCR stimulation. (lu.se)

This study reported that Nam reduced CD4 + T cell infiltration and demyelination 24 , but failed to identify the protective mechanisms of action. (nature.com)
RT can directly induce cancer cell death through various mechanisms, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. (nature.com)
RAS probably involves cell-mediated mechanisms, but the precise immunopathogenesis remains unclear. (medscape.com)
However, the mechanisms underlying receptor-dependent regulation of Rho family members remain incompletely understood. (embl-heidelberg.de)
This study aims to further elucidate these mechanisms by visualizing HCV positive and negative strand RNA in B cells using RNAscope fluorescent in situ hybridization. (nih.gov)

Co-stimulation is required in addition to the antigen-specific signal from their antigen receptors. (wikipedia.org)
There is oligoclonal expansion of lung T cells bearing certain V beta transcripts and the T cell receptor (TCR) is internalised with upregulation of TCR mRNA transcription suggesting recent occupancy by a specific antigen. (bmj.com)
At the same time, co-infection virus-specific CD8+ T cells remained functional while the infection was cleared. (ebi.ac.uk)
iii) at the same time, virus-specific cells adapt to strong stimulation by their cognate antigen by lowering the transiently-elevated expression of PD-1, remaining functional and mobile in the inflamed lung, while the infection is cleared. (ebi.ac.uk)
However, some immune cells are immunosuppressive or transform into immunosuppressive phenotypes under specific conditions, leading to the development of radioresistance. (nature.com)
The ability of the B cell to respond in a specific, yet sensitive manner to the various antigens is achieved with the use of low-affinity antigen receptors. (thermofisher.com)
This partnership provides Medigene with meaningful financial resources to fuel our next generation development programs targeting potentially novel tumor-specific "dark matter" antigens, further tools to enhance T-cell-based immunotherapies, as well as additional potential strategic deals with future milestone payments and royalties. (pressetext.com)

Based on the encouraging preclinical data, we propose to generate a clinical grade tumor cell-based vaccine engineered to secrete high levels of Hsp70. (acgtfoundation.org)
What happens is that the mRNA in the vaccine enters the cytoplasm of some of the cells in one's body. (educatetruth.com)

Co-stimulation is a secondary signal which immune cells rely on to activate an immune response in the presence of an antigen-presenting cell. (wikipedia.org)
Micro-aspiration of gut bacteria or movement of sensitized immune cells through lymph or bloodstream can also influence immune response of other organs. (frontiersin.org)
Mass-cytometry-based quantitation of global histone post-translational modifications at single-cell resolution across peripheral immune cells in IBD. (stanford.edu)
While earlier work characterized PDAC as an immunologically privileged tumor poorly recognized by the immune system, recent studies revealed the important and nuanced roles of immune cells in the pathogenesis of PDAC. (stanford.edu)

In contrast to T cells, which did not exhibit a significant difference, B cells from PPARγ +/- showed an enhanced proliferative response to stimulation by either lipopolysaccharide or cross-linking of antigen receptors. (jci.org)
DC-T cell co-cultures treated with PM and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) led to elevated IL-17A and IL-22 expression at the mRNA level, which is mediated by the AhR. (cdc.gov)

Second, the authors discuss that inability to resolve infection and prevent disease may not be a consequence of the generation of an inadequate number of Th1 cells but of an intrinsic deficiency in macrophage function that prevents these cells from expressing immunity. (scielo.br)
Th)1 cells.5 Meanwhile, the function and immunity of with genetic predisposition, involving multiple cells, DCs are closely regulated by miRNAs. (cdc.gov)

Removing senescent T cells from the physiological cycle to maintain the homeostasis of memory and effector T cells is the way of replacement. (hindawi.com)

It is a tyrosine phosphatase expressed on the plasma membrane of all hematopoietic cells, except erythrocytes or platelets. (biolegend.com)
Similarly to glucose transporter GLUT4, CD36 is translocated from intracellular pools to the plasma membrane following cell stimulation by insulin. (exbio.cz)

Activating mutations upstream may also underlie some epigenetic or within the ERK1/2 cascade are events that change cell signalling. (who.int)

Poly I:C or pRNA stimulation reduced triglycerides and cholesterol esters, as well as various amino acids. (nih.gov)

One method is to target senescent T cells which have selective apoptosis function. (hindawi.com)

Anatomy35

Organisms20

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs117

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes47

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Chimeric3

Differentiation18

Dendritic13

Artificial antigen prese1

Vitro9

Lymphocytes10

Presentation of antigens1

Responses11

Pathways7

TCRs7

Antibody17

Antibodies4

Protein21

Vivo6

Surface receptors1

Proteins6

APCs8

Molecules12

Endothelial cells4

CD1910

Pathway6

Transmembrane2

CD281

Lymphocyte2

Tumor microenvironment4

Regulatory T cel2

Cytokine5

Proliferation8

Viral2

Ligand2

Toll-like rec1

Cytokines2

Immunotherapy10

Tumors3

Activation18

Immunoglobulin4

Interactions1

Peripheral blood6

Recognize1

Inflammation4

Mononuclear1

Lymphoid tissue1

Lymphoma5

Mice7

Binds2

Adoptive1

Metabolism4

Tyrosine kinase2

Oxidative1

Phosphorylation1

Mechanisms5

Specific7

Vaccine2

Immune cells4

Lipopolysaccharide2

Immunity2

Effector T cel1

Plasma membrane2

Epigenetic1

Amino Acids1

Apoptosis1