InhibitionActivatesPituitaryEnzymeMembranesReceptorsAdenylyl CyclasesIntracellularAdenosineStimulatesBasalInhibitoryAdrenergic stimulationIncreasesThyroid-stimulaMembrane-boundSensitivityForskolinMyocardiumActivityPhosphodiesteraseProteinsRegulateProteinCellsDependentTissuesContrastProducesVitroEffectConcentrationsSystemEffectsProductionResponse
Inhibition12
- Stimulation of postsynaptic GABA B receptors generally triggers inhibition of adenylate cyclase and activation of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K + (GIRK/Kir3) channels, leading to cell hyperpolarisation (Kaupmann et al. (springer.com)
- The interaction may produce either stimulation or inhibition of the adenylyl cyclase depending on the particular adenylyl cyclase. (reactome.org)
- When activated, Group I mGluRs lead to stimulation of phospholipase and activation of Protein Kinase C. In contrast, activation of Group II metabotropic receptors (mGluR2 and mGluR3) leads to inhibition of adenylate cyclase. (antibodiesinc.com)
- At higher [Ca 2+ ], the cyclase was inhibited to -80 to 90% of basal (half-maximal inhibition=0.3 μM). (uky.edu)
- Particulate fractions prepared by exhaustive washing with EDTA and ethylene glycol bis(β-aminoethyl ether)N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) (in an attempt to deplete the membranes of calmodulin) exhibited no stimulation of adenylate cyclase by Ca 2+ but did show the Ca 2+ -dependent inhibitory phase (halfmaximal inhibition=0.5 μM). (uky.edu)
- The Ca 2+ dependence of calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase exhibited a half-maximal activation at [Ca 2+ ]=0.3 μM, similar to the half-maximal inhibition of cyclase in the two preparations. (uky.edu)
- Likewise, Sr 2+ activation of phosphodiesterase (half-maximal stimulation=0.1 mM) occurred over the same [Sr 2+ ] range as did half-maximal inhibition of cyclase (0.3 mM) in EGTA-and Ca-membranes. (uky.edu)
- The Ca 2+ and Sr 2+ dependence of calmodulin tyrosine fluorescence (an indirect measure of Ca 2+ and Sr 2+ dependence of phosphodiesterase activation and the inhibition of the cyclase. (uky.edu)
- These results suggest that the Ca 2+ dependent inhibition of adenylate cyclase may be mediated either by calmodulin or by a metal binding site which has binding properties similar to calmodulin. (uky.edu)
- EPA produced alterations in G i , the guanine nucleotide binding protein which mediates hormonal inhibition of adenylate cyclase, in addition to altering cAMP production in adipocyte plasma membranes in response to hormonal stimulation. (aston.ac.uk)
- Addition of manganous ion, which activates adenylate cyclase, markedly enhances the inhibition by adenosine analogues. (docksci.com)
- Some adenylate cyclases are stimulated, some inhibited, and yet others show a biphasic effect characterized by stimulation at low concentrations of the nucleoside and inhibition at higher concentrations. (docksci.com)
Activates3
- Beta-adrenergic stimulation activates adenylate cyclase, which increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) levels and causes increased calcium influx into myocardial cells. (medscape.com)
- activates adenyl cyclase (cAMP production) in thyroid cells leading to production and release of the thyroid hormones (T4 and T3). (poisonfluoride.com)
- That's because forskolin is a compound (a diterpene) that acts directly on adenylate cyclase, an enzyme that activates cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) in the cell. (betterhomesandgardensblog.com)
Pituitary2
- Altered Gs and adenylate cyclase activity in human GH-secreting pituitary adenomas / L. Vallar, A. Spada, G. Giannattasio. (unimi.it)
- The primary structure of frog pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) has recently been determined and the results show that the sequence of PACAP has been highly conserved during evolution. (uaeu.ac.ae)
Enzyme4
- the effect resulted from increases in the enzyme itself, as both basal adenylate cyclase and forskolin-stimulation of the enzyme were also increased by dexamethasone. (rti.org)
- The drug is believed to work by activating adenylate cyclase, the enzyme responsible for producing the cellular mediator cAMP. (pediatriconcall.com)
- Adenyl Cyclase - A membrane-bound enzyme that converts adenosine monophosphate to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), an intracellular second messenger. (poisonfluoride.com)
- G(s) and G(i) are guanine nucleotide-binding, heterotrimer proteins that regulate the activity of adenylate cyclase, and are responsible for transferring stimulatory and inhibitory hormonal signals, respectively, from cell surface receptors to the enzyme catalytic unit. (unimi.it)
Membranes4
- Adler GM - "The effect of sialic acid on adenylate cyclase activity and thyrotropin-receptor binding in human thyroid membranes" Acta Biochim Pol. (poisonfluoride.com)
- In the membranes from these tumours no stimultion of adenylate cyclase activity by growth hormone-releasing hormone, by GTP or by fluoride was observed. (unimi.it)
- This altered pattern of adenylate cyclase regulation was reproduced when a cholate extract of the tumour membranes (which contains G proteins) was reconstituted with G(s)-free, cyc- S49 cell membranes. (unimi.it)
- The MAC16 lipolytic factor increased adenylate cyclase activity in adipocyte plasma membranes in a concentration-dependent manner. (aston.ac.uk)
Receptors4
- Glucorticoids and adrenergic stimulation are both thought to control the development of beta-adrenergic receptors/responses. (rti.org)
- Serotoninergic receptors are linked to an adenylate cyclase in the brain of the newborn rat. (erowid.org)
- Neuroleptics block the stimulation of dopaminergic (DA) receptors by LSD while 2-Br-LSD, which is not hallucinogenic in man is not active on DA receptors. (erowid.org)
- Studies on histamine H.sub.2 receptors coupled to cardiac adenylate cyclase", Mol. (everypatent.com)
Adenylyl Cyclases3
- Adenylyl cyclases V and VI are the particular adenylyl cyclases present in beta cells of the human pancreas. (reactome.org)
- The G-protein beta-gamma complex interacts with adenylyl cyclases via protein-protein interactions with the C1 and C2 cytoplasmic loops of adenylyl cyclase. (reactome.org)
- In the case of adenylyl cyclases V and VI the interaction inhibits cyclase activity. (reactome.org)
Intracellular1
- Thus, our results show that there is an inverse relationship between adenylate cyclase activity and phosphodiesterase activity and suggest that intracellular calcium may indicate a coordinated regulation of the rates of synthesis and degradation of cyclic nucleotides. (uky.edu)
Adenosine5
- The primary endpoint was assessment of platelet aggregation after stimulation with adenosine diphosphate 20 μM at 12-month follow-up. (revespcardiol.org)
- Adenosine interactions with thyroid adenylate cyclase. (docksci.com)
- Adenosine and certain adenosine analogues inhibit beef thyroid membrane adenylate cyclase. (docksci.com)
- Among the many actions of adenosine on cells, a great deal of attention has recently been devoted to the effects of this nucleoside on adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1. (docksci.com)
- In an attempt to resolve these paradoxical effects of adenosine on adenylate cyclases, we have compared purine and ribose-modified analogues of adenosine (1). (docksci.com)
Stimulates1
- Forskolin stimulates adenylate cyclase and iodine metabolism in thyroid. (yourhormones.com)
Basal3
- Similarly, prenatal terbutaline exposure evoked increases in basal, isoproterenol-stimulated and forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase in the kidney. (rti.org)
- In the lung, dexamethasone produced an initial postnatal deficit in basal adenylate cyclase and deficient responsiveness to isoproterenol, but the deficit resolved shortly after birth. (rti.org)
- The first was a 2-fold stimulation of basal cyclase activity (half-maximal =0.08 μm). (uky.edu)
Inhibitory1
- The inhibitory effect of EPA on adenylate cyclase activity may be the underlying mechanism which explains its anti-lipolytic and anti-cachectic effect. (aston.ac.uk)
Adrenergic stimulation1
- Moreover, pathologic similarities between cocaine-related cardiomyopathy and cardiomyopathy associated with pheochromocytomas suggest that chronic adrenergic stimulation may play a role in the development of cocaine-related cardiomyopathy . (medscape.com)
Increases2
- Alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulation produces a cascade of second messenger systems that subsequently regulate calcium channels and in turn elicit increases in cytosolic calcium. (medscape.com)
- By increasing cAMP accumulation, forskolin thus increases stimulation of lipolysis, which translates directly into fat breakdown and subsequent energy production. (betterhomesandgardensblog.com)
Thyroid-stimula1
- 16] Hiraiwa M. Adenylate cyclase system responsive to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of porcine thyroid cells in primary monolayer cultures. (yourhormones.com)
Membrane-bound1
- We also compare membrane-bound and solubilized adenylate cyclase in an effort to localize this site. (docksci.com)
Sensitivity2
- All EAs block AC activity even at low concentration (DHergotoxin, 5 x 10 M). An age-related decrease in the sensitivity to DA stimulation of AC in striatum, substantia nigra and DAergic areas of rats has been shown. (erowid.org)
- Beta-adrenergic desensitization reduces the sensitivity of adenylate cyclase for magnesium in permeabilized lymphocytes. (aspetjournals.org)
Forskolin4
- Potential effect of forskolin on TSH-mediated adenylate cyclase stimulation. (yourhormones.com)
- In theory, forskolin aids weight loss by helping create enzymes called lipase and adenylate cyclase. (betterhomesandgardensblog.com)
- Forskolin is a diterpene that acts directly on adenylate cyclase [3]. (betterhomesandgardensblog.com)
- The main mechanism behind how forskolin works are to stimulate the activity of adenylate cyclase, which results in increased accumulation of cAMP, its second messenger 1. (betterhomesandgardensblog.com)
Myocardium2
- Beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptor-mediated adenylate cyclase stimulation in nonfailing and failing human ventricular myocardium. (aspetjournals.org)
- Histamine-mediated adenylate cyclase stimulation in human myocardium", Mol. (everypatent.com)
Activity7
- In the current study, rats were exposed to dexamethasone or terbutaline during late gestation and the development of beta-receptor binding capabilities and adenylate cyclase activity evaluated in membrane preparations from kidney and lung. (rti.org)
- Stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity in monkey anterior limbic co. (erowid.org)
- These studies brought firm evidence that fluoride not only acted like TSH, but fluoride-stimulated cyclase activity could be many times higher than the optimal TSH stimulation, especially in carcinomas. (poisonfluoride.com)
- The alterations in adenylate cyclase activity were complex and not specific to EPA. (aston.ac.uk)
- EPA stimulated adenylate cyclase activity when in a relatively high fatty acid : membrane ratio and inhibited activity when this ratio was lowered. (aston.ac.uk)
- The adenylate cyclase‐stimulating activity of PACAP was tested by using a static incubation technique for hypothalamic slices. (uaeu.ac.ae)
- The discrete localization of PACAP immunoreactivity in the brain and the adenylate cyclase‐stimulating activity of PACAP27 on frog hypothalamic slices suggest that PACAP acts as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the brain of amphibians. (uaeu.ac.ae)
Phosphodiesterase1
- In these photoreceptors, the C-terminus of the rhodopsin is directly linked to either a histidine kinase (histidine kinase rhodopsin), a phosphodiesterase (rhodopsin phosphodiesterase, RPDE), or a guanylyl cyclase (rhodopsin guanylyl cyclase, RGC). (elifesciences.org)
Proteins2
- We show that the posttranslationally fully processed Ki- and Ha-ras p21s activate yeast adenylate cyclase far more effectively than do the unprocessed proteins. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
- G proteins were discovered in 1980 when Alfred G. Gilman and Martin Rodbell investigated stimulation of cells by adrenaline. (wikipedia.org)
Regulate2
- Hypoxia and glucose independently regulate the B-adrenergic receptor-adenylate cyclase system in cardiac myocytes", J. Clinical Investigation, 88, 204 (1991). (everypatent.com)
- The effect of Ca 2+ on guinea pig brain adenylate cyclase has been studied using metal buffers to regulate the free Ca 2+ concentration. (uky.edu)
Protein2
- Mammalian ras genes substitute for the yeast RAS gene, and their products activate adenylate cyclase in yeast cells, although the direct target protein of mammalian ras p21s remains to be identified. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
- Long-term activation of protein kinase c causes chronic Na/H antiporter stimulation in cultured proximal tubule cells. (jci.org)
Cells2
- Birnbaumer L, Rodbell A - 'Adenyl Cyclase in Fat Cells. (poisonfluoride.com)
- Upon stimulation, adenylate cyclase is activated within the parietal cells. (wikidoc.org)
Dependent2
- Synthetic PACAP27 (lO −10 to 3 · 10 −6 M) induced a dose‐dependent stimulation of cAMP production. (uaeu.ac.ae)
- Results from using an in vitro tissue bath technique indicated that propranolol and preferential beta(2)-adrenoceptor antagonists (ICI-118,551 and butoxamine), in a concentration-dependent manner, blocked the relaxation induced by nicotine (100 microM) without affecting the relaxation elicited by transmural nerve stimulation (TNS, 8 Hz). (lookformedical.com)
Tissues1
- Fluoride had been found to be an activator of adenyl cyclase in many tissues, and investigators now used fluoride to learn more about TSH. (poisonfluoride.com)
Contrast1
- In contrast, adenylate cyclase stimulation by Mg2+ was enormously increased. (unimi.it)
Produces2
- An example is adenylate cyclase, which produces the second messenger cyclic AMP. (wikipedia.org)
- The 1971 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Earl Sutherland for discovering the key role of adenylate cyclase, which produces the second messenger cyclic AMP. (wikipedia.org)
Vitro1
- While many pro-fluoridation organizations and dental groups claim that the amounts of fluoride used in the TSH in-vitro experiments were 100 to 1000 times higher, and 'such levels could never be obtained in humans', they fail to realize that these experiments were made in isolated environments - specifically to investigate adenyl cyclase. (poisonfluoride.com)
Effect1
- Alaca R, Goktepe A, Yildiz N, Yilmaz B, Gunduz S. Effect of penile vibratory stimulation on spasticity in men with spinal cord injury. (scireproject.com)
Concentrations1
- In the system, when other nucleotides are present, fluoride will - just like TSH - activate adenyl cyclase at low concentrations, while inhibiting same at higher concentrations. (poisonfluoride.com)
System1
- In this investigation, we have studied whether the posttranslational processing of Ki- and Ha-ras p21s is critical for their stimulation of yeast adenylate cyclase in a cell-free system. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
Effects4
- Although dexamethasone and terbutaline also caused significant changes in development of beta-receptor binding capabilities, in neither tissue could these effects account for the direction or magnitude of the changes in adenylate cyclase reactivity. (rti.org)
- During the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s many studies were conducted to investigate the effects of TSH on adenyl cyclase. (poisonfluoride.com)
- Barolat G, Myklebust J, Wenninger W. Effects of spinal cord stimulation on spasticity and spasms secondary to myelopathy. (scireproject.com)
- The unique and defining characteristic of For the purposes of this commentary, allergy is defined as chemical respiratory allergens, which in most instances the adverse health effects that may be provoked following distinguishes them from contact allergens, is the ability to the stimulation of a specific immune response. (cdc.gov)
Production2
- Intracellularly, the actions of orciprenaline are mediated by cAMP, the production of which is augmented by beta stimulation. (pediatriconcall.com)
- Proton pump inhibitors are more potent at reducing gastric acid production since that is the final common pathway of all stimulation of acid production. (wikidoc.org)
Response1
- The major regulated secretory pathway involves large granules that are exocytosed in response to autonomic stimulation 4 . (bvsalud.org)