Stem cells to differentiate processes differentiation of cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Zhou JQ, Wan HY, Wang ZX, Jiang N. Stimulating factors for regulation of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. (wjgnet.com)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), distributed in many tissues in the human body, are multipotent cells capable of differentiating in specific directions. (wjgnet.com)
Adipose tissue (AT) represents a commonly used source of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) whose proregenerative potential has been widely investigated in multiple clinical trials worldwide. (mdpi.com)
The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells towards an osteoblastic fate depends on numerous signaling pathways, including activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling components. (medsci.org)
BMP signaling also has a critical role in the processes by which mesenchymal stem cells undergo commitment to the adipocyte lineage. (medsci.org)
Mesenchymal stem cells are the stem cells of the connective tissue and thus the essential stem cells for the restoration of destroyed tissues and organs. (donau-uni.ac.at)
In addition to their regenerative ability, mesenchymal stem cells can also take on immunoregulatory abilities, although the exact mechanisms are unknown. (donau-uni.ac.at)
In this research project, molecular mechanisms as well as physical properties of mesenchymal stem cells will be investigated and correlated to their immunoregulatory abilities. (donau-uni.ac.at)
A team led by Associate Professor Hiromi Miyoshi of Tokyo Metropolitan University have been looking at the nuclei of human mesenchymal stem cells, a type of cell that can mature (or "differentiate") into a wide range of cell types, including muscle, fat, bone, and cartilage. (scitechdaily.com)
Reference: "Intranuclear mesoscale viscoelastic changes during osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells" by Kojiro Matsushita, Chiharu Nakahara, Shun Kimura, Naoya Sakamoto, Satoshi Ii and Hiromi Miyoshi, 25 November 2021, The FASEB Journal . (scitechdaily.com)
Radioactive labeling of cells is an established technique and our research group demonstrated the ability to image 111In labeled mesenchymal stem cells for up to 10 days. (ca.gov)
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have emerged as a leading candidate in cellular therapies due to their unique properties. (selectscience.net)
Osteoblast mainly originates from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and it is involved in bone formation, remodeling, and reconstruction via the formation of a bone matrix and regulation of bone resorption ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
thus, due to the unique characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), they have become the focus of attention and may be the most promising new therapy for periodontitis. (biomedcentral.com)
Notch signaling has been implicated in many microenvironmental processes associated with cancer progression such as vascular remodeling, immunosuppression, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as maintenance of the CSC pool 21 . (nature.com)
Undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells are pluripotent cells that can differentiate into various phenotypes and are a source of osteogenic Cells 1,2 . (bvsalud.org)

3. developed new embryonic stem cell-based approaches to screening of small candidate molecules for therapeutic applications in human diseases. (europa.eu)
Gene therapy and monoclonal antibodies didn't arrive with even a fraction of the hype surrounding embryonic stem cell research. (latimes.com)
We explore the method on three circuits for haematopoiesis and embryonic stem cell development for commitment and reprogramming scenarios and illustrate how the method can be used to determine sequential steps for onsets of external factors, essential for efficient reprogramming. (lu.se)

In one of the locations-called the bulge- these McSCs undergo self-renewal to maintain a population of immature stem cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Treated cells undergo a remarkable shift in structure, acquiring an. (lu.se)
Treated cells undergo a remarkable shift in structure, acquiring an astrocyte-like morphology with star-shaped bodies and radial branched processes. (lu.se)
Undifferentiated spermatogonia divide mitotically to both repopulate the testicular stem cell population and provide progenitor cells that undergo spermatogenesis. (jci.org)
Differentiating spermatogonia in mice undergo five mitotic divisions before converting to preleptotene spermatocytes. (jci.org)
For the past 100 years, it's been ingrained among scientists that differentiated mature nerves are so elaborate that they can't divide, and if they try to divide, they undergo apoptosis," Michael Dyer, Ph.D., an associate member in the St. Jude Department of Developmental Neurobiology, said. (science20.com)
This is the first time that anyone has shown that under certain conditions, a fully mature and differentiated nerve can undergo cell division and multiply. (science20.com)
In such procedures, patients undergo successive treatments with cell mobilization agents to cause mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells from the bone marrow to the peripheral circulation for harvesting. (justia.com)
In stratified epithelia proliferative basal cells adherent to the underlying basement membrane undergo cell cycle arrest then outward migration and terminal differentiation. (stanford.edu)
Subsequently these differentiate into muscle fibres which then undergo no further cell division and can only be altered through hypertrophy. (poultryhub.org)
Cells derived from bone marrow can undergo osteoinduction in vitro in the absence of osteoinductive factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins. (bvsalud.org)
These hypothalamic cell bodies produce hormones that undergo axonal transport through the pituitary stalk and into terminal axons within the neurohypophysis. (medscape.com)

They showed that opposing gradients of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Nodal, two transforming growth factor family members that act as morphogens, are sufficient to induce molecular and cellular mechanisms required to organize, in vivo or in vitro, uncommitted cells of the zebrafish blastula animal pole into a well-developed embryo. (wikipedia.org)

In particular, FUNGENES identified genes controlling the development of pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells into heart cells (cardiomyocytes), nerve cells (neurons), smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, fat cells (adipocytes), liver cells (hepatocytes) and insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. (europa.eu)
Many neurological pathologies are caused by malfunction of telencephalic neurons, as a result of neurodegenerative processes (e.g. (intechopen.com)
On the contrary, we showed that when certain genes are inactivated in the retina, horizontal neurons that are already differentiated and fully integrated into the brain can start multiplying rapidly and produce a very aggressive cancer," Dyer said. (science20.com)
The St. Jude researchers showed that when the mouse retina had reduced Rb family function, fully differentiated horizontal neurons could multiply while retaining all of the differentiated features of normal horizontal neurons. (science20.com)
If the horizontal interneuron cell division was allowed to proceed unchecked, highly differentiated tumors formed that resembled normal horizontal neurons. (science20.com)
Finally, we used this approach to encapsulate human Neural Stem Cells (hNSC) derived from human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hIPSC), which were further differentiated into neurons within the capsules with negligible loss of viability. (rsc.org)
This protocol describes a detailed procedure for resuspending and culturing human stem cell derived neurons that were previously differentiated from neural progenitors in vitro for multiple weeks. (jove.com)
This protocol facilitates the use of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons for high content screening applications. (jove.com)
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons are increasingly relevant in the areas of basic research, drug development, and degenerative medicine. (jove.com)
In addition to human iPSCs, it can be used to replate culture of primary neurons or to resuspend them for fact sorting or single cell sequencing. (jove.com)
Start by gently rinsing the plate of differentiated neurons with PBS. (jove.com)
Our current focus is to learn how to direct and efficiently drive controlled differentiation of human stem cells into subtype-specific neurons. (lu.se)
CRT aims to replace neurons that have degenerated in PD, with donor cells that have the potential to functionally re-integrate into the host circuitry. (lu.se)
This involves transplantation of developing midbrain cells from aborted fetuses, (the part that form mesDA neurons), into the striatum of a PD patient. (lu.se)
A potentially pre-clinical aspect of this thesis is detailed in paper №4 where I describe a robust protocol for the generation of functional mesDA neurons from human embryonic stem cells that are functional in a rat model of PD. (lu.se)
Because of this local degeneration of a relatively small population of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, PD has been considered an especially interesting candidate for cell-replacement therapy. (lu.se)
First, we utilized single cell sequencing to dissect the differentiation of stem cells to midbrain dopaminergic neurons. (lu.se)
Direct neuronal reprogramming of a somatic cell into therapeutic neurons, without a transient pluripotent state, provides new promise for the large number of individuals afflicted by neurodegenerative diseases or brain injury. (lu.se)
This approach could be potentially applied directly in the brain by targeting resident cells as a source of new neurons. (lu.se)
The first part of the thesis (Paper I, II, III) shows the development and improvement of a hESC-based system of for virus-mediated direct reprogramming of human glial progenitor cells into both induced dopaminergic neurons (iDANs) and GABAergic interneurons. (lu.se)

Progenitors are obtained by so-called direct reprogramming or directed differentiation and are also called induced somatic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
Led by Sui Huang, MD, PhD, a Visiting Associate Professor in the Children's Hospital Boston Vascular Biology Program (now also on the faculty of the University of Calgary), and Hannah Chang, an MD/PhD student in Children's Vascular Biology Program, the researchers examined how blood stem cells "decide" to become white blood cell progenitors or red blood cell progenitors. (sciencedaily.com)
Blood stem cells with low levels of Sca-1 differentiated into red blood cell progenitors seven times more often than cells high in Sca-1 when exposed to erythropoietin, a growth factor that promotes red blood cell production. (sciencedaily.com)
Her research identified conserved mechanisms of cell fate determination in mammalian brain progenitors and led to a paradigm shift in understanding how brain progenitor cells self-renew and differentiate. (stanford.edu)
In the healthy brain, neuroglia stem cells generate progenitors, which in turn give rise to differentiating cells that will eventually acquire their final functional state. (stanford.edu)
One of the cell types involved in the regenerative stem cell niche are fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs). (usz.ch)
Today, clinical trials using stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitors have commenced. (lu.se)
These progenitors which are derived from either embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or healthy induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) express wild-type levels of a-syn, thus making them equally susceptible to developing Lewy bodies over time. (lu.se)
Next, in order to study the potential of autologous cell replacement therapy we transplanted progenitors derived from a PD patient into a pre-clinical rat model. (lu.se)
Importantly, the proteomic make-up of blood stem cells and progenitors can regulate their cell fate and susceptibility to initiation as well as progression of leukemia. (lu.se)

In other words, during each growth cycle, the McSCs can differentiate into a pigment-producing partially differentiated state and then revert back to an undifferentiated state. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Transit amplifying cells are partially differentiated cells that migrate upward via a physical crypt exclusion mechanism as the ISCs below them divide. (stemcell.com)

It is usually considered that the differentiation process of MSCs depends on specialized external stimulating factors, including cell signaling pathways, cytokines, and other physical stimuli. (wjgnet.com)
Understanding the genetic pathways underlying differentiation of ES cells to somatic cells would contribute to future therapeutic strategies for degenerative diseases such as heart disease, diabetes and Parkinson's. (europa.eu)
ES cells have been an invaluable resource for advancing fundamental understanding of global transcriptional and epigenetic regulations, signaling pathways, and noncoding RNA in mammalian systems. (utexas.edu)
The conventional view of how stem cells differentiate assumes that cells are "instructed" to progress along prescribed signaling pathways. (sciencedaily.com)
A new study suggests that the conventional view, which assumes that cells are "instructed" to progress along prescribed signaling pathways, is too simplistic. (sciencedaily.com)
1. Exploitation of rare genetic disorders with Mendelian trait may provide novel insights into mechanisms of common disorders and complex biological processes, such as dementia, diabetes or aging, and recognized disease pathways can offer strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. (yale.edu)
Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
After attaching to target cells, EVs can change the physiological state of recipient cells through various pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Researchers at the Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC) in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State, have now investigated the functioning of 31 miRNAs observed in human ESCs and identified signaling pathways involved in both pluripotency and differentiation. (eurekalert.org)
It has been shown that the nutritional status of the animal can cause satellite cells to follow alternative pathways of differentiation, leading to intramuscular fat deposition and breast muscle fibre necrosis (Velleman et al. (poultryhub.org)

They are harvested during a process called in-vitro fertilization. (healthline.com)
They form characteristic cell clusters in suspension culture that express a set of genes associated with pluripotency and can differentiate into endodermal, ectodermal and mesodermal cells both in vitro and in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
Dr. Petritsch is an expert in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, and cancer stem cells, and her team's emphasis is on intra-tumoral heterogeneity, in vitro and in vivo cancer model development, and tumor-immune interactions. (stanford.edu)
Finally, the GM-I and Cedars-Sinai research team has developed a technology development strategy that translates the gamma microscope technology, useful for in vitro and in vivo mouse imaging, into future clinical applications involving the monitoring of stem cells and their progeny as well as the biological processes associated with the differentiation stages. (ca.gov)
Some of these techniques include novel tools for genetic manipulation, 4,5 approaches for in vitro disease modelling 6-9 and innovative co-culture system with autologous cell types 10,11 or bacteria, 12-14 as well as viral infection models. (stemcell.com)
The latter encompass human skin regenerated on immune deficient mice as well as organotypic constructs with epithelial and stromal cells embedded within architecturally faithful mesenchyma in vitro. (stanford.edu)
Protocols for the in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells based on normal developmental processes, have generated insulin-producing cells, though at low efficiency and without full responsiveness to extracellular levels of glucose. (wjgnet.com)
Watch the lecture where Malin Parmar tells about the long history of transplantation trials in Lund and how they have been able to differentiate stem cells into specific dopaminergic cells in vitro. (lu.se)

Human myelopoiesis is an exciting biological model for cellular differentiation since it represents a plastic process where multipotent stem cells gradually limit their differentiation potential, generating different precursor cells which finally evolve into distinct terminally differentiated cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The analysis of transcriptome data in the perspective of the genomic organization of genes could certainly shed light not only on the aberrations leading to pathological states but also on the physiological mechanisms of all cellular processes, including cellular differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
This effect was observed at both 24 hours and 7 days' time points, suggesting an early blockage in the cellular differentiation process, which requires further evaluation. (cdc.gov)

Recent findings have revealed other underrated roles in the differentiation process of MSCs, such as material morphology and exosomes. (wjgnet.com)
Cedars' research group successfully demonstrated the expression of the reporter hNIS in MSCs that had differentiated into bone-forming cells - demonstrating the ability to image stem cell differentiation long after the transfection of the reporter gene into the original MSC population. (ca.gov)
Accumulating evidence supports the view that the role of MSCs in regenerative medicine is mainly achieved by the paracrine pathway rather than direct proliferation and differentiation at the injured site. (biomedcentral.com)
MSCs are multipotent stem cells with the ability to self-renew and differentiate in multiple directions [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
By performing local transplants, other non-periodontal-derived MSCs such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), and adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) also aid in the regeneration of periodontal tissue [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, when employing MSC transplantation to treat tissue defects, the research found that: less than one percent of MSCs could home and colonize in the tissue defect area, continuously promoting tissue regeneration, and the paracrine mechanism of MSCs plays a more important role than the replacement of damaged cells by differentiation [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In this process, MSCs can release varieties of bioactive molecules (such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, etc.) through the paracrine mechanism, which has a crucial impact on the control of biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)

The discovery that fully differentiated horizontal interneurons can multiply to form retinoblastoma also challenges the established scientific belief that cancer cells are most aggressive when they are undifferentiated, Dyer said. (science20.com)
Aerosolized nano-zinc oxide (nZnO) exposure alters the cellular composition of the fully differentiated human airway epithelium. (cdc.gov)
Fully differentiated cells were exposed to aerosolized nZnO for 6 minutes, at the indicated doses, using the VitroCell® Cloud Alpha 12 system. (cdc.gov)
The presence of all four major cell types at protein level was confirmed by IF staining of the fully differentiated airway epithelium. (cdc.gov)
A process where fully differentiated or specialized cells revert to pluripotency or a less differentiated cell type. (bvsalud.org)
The process that reverts CELL NUCLEI of fully differentiated somatic cells to a pluripotent or totipotent state. (bvsalud.org)

This means they can potentially produce new cells for any organ or tissue. (healthline.com)
After injury, mature terminally differentiated kidney cells dedifferentiate into more primordial versions of themselves and then differentiate into the cell types needing replacement in the damaged tissue Macrophages can self-renew by local proliferation of mature differentiated cells. (wikipedia.org)
In newts, muscle tissue is regenerated from specialized muscle cells that dedifferentiate and forget the type of cell they had been. (wikipedia.org)
Stem cells in the body are responsible for the regeneration of tissue in the body and can differentiate to form an array of specialized cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
That condensation event triggers the stem cells to differentiate and form cartilage tissue. (tecan.com)
Embryonic stem cells are intriguing because they can differentiate into any of the specialized tissue cells of the body. (latimes.com)
This may allow scientists to culture healthy tissue cells in the lab to replace damaged ones in the human body. (latimes.com)
Tissue and organ regeneration is organized on the one hand by differentiated cells or mediated by the differentiation of stem cells along the individual cell type. (donau-uni.ac.at)
breathing, tissue settling, muscular motion, GM-I is developing correction techniques that follow the motions in real time and compensate for motion blurring of the cells under study. (ca.gov)
Since the introduction of the mouse small intestinal organoid model in 2009, 1 there has been an avalanche of developments in this field, including development of culture conditions for human organoids derived from primary colonic tissue, 2 as well as from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). (stemcell.com)
The goal of Dr. Oxburgh's research is to understand how kidney tissue can be grown from stem cells. (rogosin.org)
What if we could make new kidney tissue from stem cells to increase access to transplantation? (rogosin.org)
And what if we could make new kidney tissue from a patient's own stem cells so that we could reduce the need for immunosuppression? (rogosin.org)
The past 5 years have seen extremely rapid advances in efforts to generate patient-specific kidney tissue from stem cells. (rogosin.org)
This has enabled the development of procedures to differentiate stem cells to the building blocks for kidney tissue through a process known as directed differentiation. (rogosin.org)
Typically, rapidly proliferating tumor cells have glycolytic rates up to 200 times higher than those of their normal tissue of origin, even in the presence of oxygen [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
In periodontitis, EVs play a pivotal role in regulating the biological functions of both periodontal tissue cells and immune cells, as well as the local microenvironment, thereby promoting periodontal injury repair and tissue regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
Their capacity to originate any type of tissue is greater at that stage," said Rodrigo Alexandre Panepucci ( https://bv.fapesp.br/en/pesquisador/57383/rodrigo-alexandre-panepucci/ ), a researcher at the Ribeirão Preto Blood Center and principal investigator of the study. (eurekalert.org)
Our experimental focus is on the mammalian setting using multiomics, informatics, mouse genetics, human genetics, single cell studies, and new human tissue platforms. (stanford.edu)
The members from the large keratin family of cytoskeletal proteins are expressed in a carefully regulated tissue- and differentiation-specific manner. (exposed-skin-care.net)
For instance, the existence of tissue-specific gene clusters may be related to the efficient activation of gene expression in a particular cell lineage, by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, or related to the repression of entire chromosomal regions containing genes expressed in a specific cell type, e.g. during the developmental switches leading to different cell lineages [ 25 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In mammary gland development, Notch-dependent heterotypic signaling between resident tissue macrophages and mammary stem cells supports survival and function of the normal mammary stem cell 20 . (nature.com)
Both miRNAs and siRNAs need to be delivered into the target tissue or cell in order to activate the desired therapeutic effect," Muthiah Manoharan, Ph.D., senior vp, drug discovery, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, explained. (genengnews.com)
Muscle regeneration is characterised by a well-timed network of different cell types providing an environment that allows the activation of muscle stem cells, called satellite cells (SCs) to regenerate the damaged tissue. (usz.ch)
Whether a cell used for a clone produces a specific type of tissue, a specific organ, or an entire organism depends on the potential of the cell-that is, how highly the cell has developed into a particular type of tissue. (msdmanuals.com)
For example, certain cells called stem cells have the potential to produce a wide variety of tissue types or even possibly an entire organism. (msdmanuals.com)
Use of human fetal tissue raises several ethical issues, but are there alternative cell sources that can substitute effectively? (lu.se)
Through understanding functional recovery in terms of neuronal subtype and connectivity, the work presented in this thesis aims to bring the prospect of CRT closer to the clinic, I also describe the generation of a very promising alternative cell source that could rival fetal tissue. (lu.se)
Transplantations of fetal tissue in the 1980s and 1990s provided proof-of-concept for the potential of cell replacement therapy for PD and some patients benefitted greatly from their transplants. (lu.se)
However, post-mortem analysis of transplanted tissue revealed accumulation of pathological Lewy bodies in a small subset of transplanted cells over time, revealing a host-to-graft disease propagation. (lu.se)

Results: qPCR analysis of the differentiation time-course shows a steady increase in markers of terminally differentiated cells, such as club (SCGB1A1), goblet (MUC5AC) and ciliated cells (FoxJ1). (cdc.gov)

Differentiated airway epithelial cells can revert into stable and functional stem cells in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
Keratins are a large family of proteins which form the intermediate filament (IF) cytoskeleton of epithelial cells and their appendages hairs and nails (reviewed in references 8 and 15). (exposed-skin-care.net)
Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate if aerosolized nZnO exposure leads to changes in the cellular composition of the airway epithelium, using air-liquid interface (ALI)-differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)
Methods: Normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBEpC) (at ≥ 90% viability) were seeded on 12-well porous 0.4 µm- cell culture inserts in basal cell culture medium. (cdc.gov)
Lung epithelial cells are located on the surface of the internal parts of the lung, and they are responsible for gas exchange (i.e., breathing). (lu.se)
Previously, our research team had found that two molecules, or more specifically, co-transcriptional regulators, known as YAP and TAZ, are involved in the damage of the lung epithelial cells. (lu.se)

Induced stem cells (iSC) are stem cells derived from somatic, reproductive, pluripotent or other cell types by deliberate epigenetic reprogramming. (wikipedia.org)
Induced totipotent cells can be obtained by reprogramming somatic cells with somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (wikipedia.org)
The process involves sucking out the nucleus of a somatic (body) cell and injecting it into an oocyte that has had its nucleus removed Using an approach based on the protocol outlined by Tachibana et al. (wikipedia.org)
Its major objective was to produce a gene expression atlas covering the development of ES cells into all three germ layers (ecto-, meso-, and endoderm) and into somatic cells. (europa.eu)
Induced pluripotent stem cells, which have been generated from somatic cells by introducing Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, and which are similar to ES cells in morphology, gene expression, epigenetic status and differentiation, can also differentiate into insulin-producing cells. (wjgnet.com)
Somatic DNMT3A gene mutations are also found relatively frequently in another form of blood cancer called T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (medlineplus.gov)

They focused their attention on nuclei as they differentiated into osteoblasts (bone cells). (scitechdaily.com)
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) are commonly used to evaluate differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts. (frontiersin.org)
Osteoblasts were obtained from human bone marrow cells even in the absence of growth factors and showed a typical morphology. (bvsalud.org)

While a few studies have attempted reprogramming of glioblastoma (GBM) cells toward a neuronal fate, this approach has not yet been used to induce differentiation into other lineages and in vivo data on reduction in tumorigenicity are limited. (lu.se)
We describe high resolution, genome-wide dynamic chromatin interaction maps in human embryonic stem cells (hESC) as they differentiate into four distinct embryonic cell lineages. (nih.gov)
The findings also help explain why the process of differentiating stem cells into specific lineages in the laboratory has been highly inefficient. (sciencedaily.com)
Proper cell fate decisions by neuroglia stem cells are critical for growing the cell lineages that form the brain during development and to maintain adult brain homeostasis. (stanford.edu)
Cell fate decisions within these hierarchical brain cell lineages are tightly controlled and irreversible: e.g. cells in the state of differentiation will not turn into progenitor cells or stem cells. (stanford.edu)
This is especially true for malignant glioma cells, which simultaneously express markers of different lineages and states exhibiting incomplete differentiation. (stanford.edu)
Defects in cell fate control could explain many key defects present in brain tumors Of special emphasis, we study the establishment of cell fates within normal hierarchical brain lineages for comparison to the dysregulated cell-fate hierarchies seen in brain tumors. (stanford.edu)

Recently, miRNA-messenger RNA (mRNA) regulatory relationships have been confirmed during biological processes, including osteogenic differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
In recent years, the availability of the human genome sequence disclosed novel opportunities to study biological processes from a higher level perspective. (biomedcentral.com)
In this book the molecular mechanisms and biological processes in which epigenetic modifications play a primordial role are described in detail. (caister.com)

It thoroughly investigated the unique ability of mouse embryonic stem cells to develop into cells of any organ ("pluripotency"), created new tools for functional genomic studies and thus provided key knowledge to understanding the commitment of cells to differentiate into cells of a particular germ layer. (europa.eu)
FUNGENES identified the gene subsets that are active in self-renewing cells, during the exit from pluripotency and at specific stages of mouse ES cell differentiation. (europa.eu)
Studies showed that any given population of ESCs could be very heterogeneous and that their potential pluripotency, or capacity to differentiate into other cell types, could vary both among cells from the same embryo and from one lineage to another. (eurekalert.org)
According to Panepucci, the human ESCs used in scientific research are usually in the intermediate development stage of primed pluripotency, when they have not yet differentiated but are primed, i.e., a step closer to assuming a distinct cell identity. (eurekalert.org)
After culture for three to four?days, automated image acquisition and analysis were performed to evaluate the effects on pluripotency maintenance and differentiation. (eurekalert.org)
Based on our analysis of this material, we established multiparameter phenotype profiles to determine the pluripotency stage of the cells and the effects of the miRNAs. (eurekalert.org)
Embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency is thought to be regulated in part by H3K4 methylation. (nih.gov)
Transcriptome analysis revealed the persistent expression of pluripotency genes and underexpression of developmental genes during differentiation in the absence of Kdm5b, suggesting that KDM5B plays a key role in cellular fate changes. (nih.gov)

Differentiation is a complex process involving actions of ES cell core factors, lineage specific regulators, epigenetic modifications, and chromatin remodelers. (utexas.edu)
Epigenetic control of gene expression lasts through multiple cell divisions without alterations in primary DNA sequence and can occur via mechanisms that include histone modification and DNA methylation. (stanford.edu)
The function of histone modifying epigenetic regulators and noncoding RNA as central mediators of epithelial stem cell renewal and differentiation represent major emerging areas of study in the lab. (stanford.edu)
The following chapters cover the epigenetic systems of plants, the epigenetic profile of embryonic stem cells, cell differentiation, imprinting marks, and random X chromosome inactivation. (caister.com)

hESCs can be generated by SCNT using dermal fibroblasts nuclei from both a middle-aged 35-year-old male and an elderly, 75-year-old male, suggesting that age-associated changes are not necessarily an impediment to SCNT-based nuclear reprogramming of human cells. (wikipedia.org)
Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have discovered how the sponginess and stickiness of stem cell nuclei controls how they "differentiate" into specialized cells. (scitechdaily.com)
This was the first time that the viscoelasticity of nuclei was tracked through the whole differentiation process in human stem cells. (scitechdaily.com)
As the cells became more differentiated and specialized, the team found that the nuclei became less solid, and more liquid-like. (scitechdaily.com)
Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue), nestin (red) and beta3-tubulin/Tuj1 (green). (cellimagelibrary.org)
Instead, it is a site where axons project from neuronal cell bodies in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. (medscape.com)

They are classified as either totipotent (iTC), pluripotent (iPSC) or progenitor (multipotent - iMSC, also called an induced multipotent progenitor cell - iMPC) or unipotent - (iUSC) according to their developmental potential and degree of dedifferentiation. (wikipedia.org)
The present invention relates generally to improved methods and pharmaceutical compositions for mobilizing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell from bone marrow into peripheral blood by administration of at least one inhibitor of a GTPase, such as Rac1 and/or Rac2 GTPase. (justia.com)
The various mature blood cell types are all ultimately derived from a single class of progenitor cell known as hematopoietic stem cells. (justia.com)
The basal cell (stem/progenitor cell) marker (KRT5) shows an initial increase in expression, but did not vary much during differentiation. (cdc.gov)

The focus of my research is to understand cell fate specification in the developing brain and in human neural progenitor cells, using cell-based models of neuronal differentiation. (lu.se)

We present here a microfluidic device that generates sub-millimetric hollow hydrogel spheres, encapsulating cells and coated internally with a layer of reconstituted extracellular matrix (ECM) of a few microns thick. (rsc.org)
Various cells release lipid-enclosed particles known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are rich in bioactive substances. (biomedcentral.com)
Upon injury, FAPs enter the cell cycle and expand to produce cytokines and deposit extracellular matrix (ECM) to enhance differentiation of SCs into muscle fibers. (usz.ch)

Our signature-based screen established several categories of genes based on their comparative functions during the differentiation of ES cells. (utexas.edu)
Instead, it supports the idea that cells differentiate through the collective behavior of multiple genes in a network that ultimately leads to just a few endpoints -- just as a marble on a hilltop can travel a nearly infinite number of downward paths, only to arrive in the same valley. (sciencedaily.com)
Again, they found tremendous variability within the apparently uniform cell population: more than 3,900 genes were differentially expressed (turned "on" or "off") between the low- and high-Sca-1 cells. (sciencedaily.com)
This family of related genes is critical to the ability of an immature cell to stop dividing and begin to differentiate so it acquires certain specific characteristics required to do its job in the body. (science20.com)
The Arhgap11a, H2afx, Chek2, Dlgap5, and Chek1 were hub genes downregulated in MC3T3-E1 cells after osteogenic differentiation, verified by RT-qPCR results. (frontiersin.org)
Gene expression data from 24 experiments for 8 different cell types of the human myelopoietic lineage were used to generate an integrated myelopoiesis dataset of 9,425 genes, each reliably associated to a unique genomic position and chromosomal coordinate. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, global analysis of H3K4me3/2 revealed that enhancers of fibroblast genes are rapidly deactivated in the absence of Kdm5b, and genes associated with EMT lose H3K4me3/2 during the early reprogramming process. (nih.gov)
Gene Therapy Although gene therapy is defined as any treatment that changes gene function, it is often thought of as the insertion of normal genes into the cells of a person who lacks such normal genes because. (msdmanuals.com)
Genes and Chromosomes Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or the code for functional ribonucleic. (msdmanuals.com)

This transition can be a part of the normal maturation process, or caused by an inducement. (wikipedia.org)
One example is the transformation of iris cells to lens cells in the process of maturation and transformation of retinal pigment epithelium cells into the neural retina during regeneration in adult newt eyes. (wikipedia.org)
The fact that transdetermination (change of the path of differentiation) often occurs for a group of cells rather than single cells shows that it is induced rather than part of maturation. (wikipedia.org)
In early blood cells, called hematopoietic stem cells, the methylation patterns established by DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha promote maturation (differentiation) into different blood cell types. (medlineplus.gov)

We take advantage of the similarity between neural developmental processes and cancer hierarchy to mitigate, if not completely abolish, the malignant nature of tumor cells and pave the way for new intervention strategies. (lu.se)
Depicting developmental processes as movements in free energy genetic landscapes is an illustrative tool. (lu.se)
While this relationship is often true in physics models, a . quantitative relationship between the biochemical dynamics and the free energy landscape has not open been widely exploited in developmental processes. (lu.se)
Frontiers in cell and developmental biology. (lu.se)

In addition, the PPARγ agonist clearly increased osteogenic differentiation medium-induced BMP-2 upregulation in the periosteum-derived osteoblastic cells at 2 weeks of culture as determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunoblotting, and immunocytochemical analyses. (medsci.org)
This study aimed to find out more candidate miRNA-mRNA pairs involved in the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. (frontiersin.org)
The MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured and incubated in the osteogenic differentiation medium for 14 days. (frontiersin.org)
There were 7 overlapped miRNA-mRNA pairs identified during osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, including mmu-miR-204-5p-Arhgap11a, mmu-miR-211-5p-Arhgap11a, mmu-miR-24-3p-H2afx, mmu-miR-3470b-Chek2, mmu-miR-3470b-Dlgap5, mmu-miR-466b-3p-Chek1, and mmu-miR-466c-3p-Chek1. (frontiersin.org)
Our study characterizes miR-211-5p targeting Arhgap11a promotes the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, which provides novel targets to promote the osteogenesis process during bone repair. (frontiersin.org)

These new types of cells are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (healthline.com)
To create iPSCs, scientists genetically reprogram the adult stem cells so they behave like embryonic stem cells. (healthline.com)
Differentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) following differentiation protocol. (cellimagelibrary.org)
The advent of iPSCs has opened up the possibility to graft patient-specific cells which most likely would circumvent the need for immunosuppression. (lu.se)

Eventually, the cells begin to differentiate, taking on a certain function in a part of the body. (healthline.com)

This has catalyzed research in both early embryogenesis as a model system for mammalian development as well as regenerative medicine as a renewable source of unspecialized cells which can be converted into nearly any cell type required by a patient. (utexas.edu)
He is also interim president of the state's new stem cell agency, the California Institute for Regenerative Research. (latimes.com)

Broadly, skeletal muscle development results from proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts that fuse to form multinucleated myotubes. (poultryhub.org)
Post-hatch muscle hypertrophy, the subject of Dean's work, occurs through the proliferation and differentiation of myogenic satellite cells into muscle myofibres, which then fuse with existing muscle myofibres to increase their size. (poultryhub.org)

In our previous study, we demonstrated that an agonist of the perioxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation, stimulates osteoblastic differentiation of cultured human periosteum-derived cells. (medsci.org)
Conclusions: This study showed that an osteoblastic cell lineage may be obtained from human bone marrow derived from adherent cells, and that the presence of the rhBMP-4 seems to have an effect during the first stages of differentiation only. (bvsalud.org)

This meant that the cells can change their differentiation pathway. (wikipedia.org)
Consistent with previous observations of repressive role of Rbpj, Rbpj serves as a repressor of ES cell core factors in the absence of Notch signaling pathway. (utexas.edu)
Once spermatogonia enter the "differentiation" pathway, they become known as A1 spermatogonia in the mouse and A- pale spermatogonia in humans and begin a series of irreversible differentiation steps leading to meiosis and spermiogenesis ( 1 ) (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
Less force is transmitted to its inner parts, leaving cells to commit to a certain differentiation pathway. (scitechdaily.com)

Here, we employ cellular reprogramming to induce astrocytic differentiation as a therapeutic approach in GBM. (lu.se)
The work also suggests a much more efficient way of differentiating stem cells for therapeutic purposes. (sciencedaily.com)

Mechanistically, stemness is induced in non-stem cancer cells upon their direct contact with macrophages via Notch-Jagged signaling. (nature.com)
Macrophages are emerging as major cellular factors in the tumor ecosystem that can influence the stem phenotype and cancer progression. (nature.com)
Furthermore, macrophages were shown to contribute to a niche that can support and maintain a breast CSC (BCSC) phenotype through heterotypic CD90/EphA4 signaling between macrophage and tumor cell 14 . (nature.com)

These cells have been successfully used to treat children with blood cancers, such as leukemia, and certain genetic blood disorders. (healthline.com)
Exploring the genetic, molecular and biological features of neural differentiation process from embryonic and patient-specific stem cells may offer an unprecedented chance to understand normal and abnormal human brain development and diseases, with implications for drug development and potential cellular replacement therapy. (yale.edu)
The realization, that dynamic alteration of genetic programs may also play a fundamental role in pathological processes, led to my focus on how various layers of genomic architecture are influencing a phenotype in health and disease. (yale.edu)
However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
Olariu V, Manesso E, commitment and Peterson C. 2017 A deterministic method for estimating free energy genetic network reprogramming paths landscapes with applications to cell commitment and reprogramming paths. (lu.se)
In the now-famous "Dolly" experiments, cells from a sheep (donor cells) were fused with unfertilized sheep eggs from another sheep (recipient cells) from which the natural genetic material was removed by microsurgery. (msdmanuals.com)
Then the genetic material from the donor cells was transferred into the unfertilized eggs. (msdmanuals.com)
As expected, Dolly was an exact genetic copy of the original sheep from which the donor cells were taken, not of the sheep that provided the eggs. (msdmanuals.com)

Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells, meaning that they can give rise to all tissues in the body. (utexas.edu)

This complex process occurs in several steps and controls the development of pluripotent cells into highly specialised cells of an organism. (europa.eu)
The stem cells within the basal layer, which contact the basement membrane, continually divide during the lifetime of the organism, providing a source of cells which progressively migrate upwards through the epidermis, differentiating and stratifying to form the barrier layer of the skin [ 11 , 14 ]. (springer.com)

We are using human cells to make the tumors, which yields better data and spares lab animals. (tecan.com)
We think that defective cell fate decisions fuel the intra-humoral heterogeneity and plasticity that makes treatment of human brain tumors so challenging. (stanford.edu)

The researchers were able to identify the minimal conditions and factors that would be sufficient for starting the cascade of molecular and cellular processes to instruct pluripotent cells to organize the embryo. (wikipedia.org)
Direct cellular reprogramming has recently gained attention of cancer researchers for the possibility to convert undifferentiated cancer cells into more differentiated, postmitotic cell types. (lu.se)
This will be a valuable information for other researchers interested in ES cell differentiation from various perspectives. (utexas.edu)
It may also give researchers a method of studying disease processes at the cellular level, yielding insights that could contribute to the development of other therapies. (latimes.com)
Using such techniques, the researchers showed that as the horizontal interneurons multiplied their numbers up to 50-fold, they maintained their normal position in the retina as well as their normal connections to other cells. (science20.com)
It will quite effectively cater to the needs of molecular biologists, molecular geneticists, cell and molecular biologists, animal, plant, and crop geneticists, synthetic biologists, biotechnologists, and researchers involved with the fields of stem cell and molecular aspects of cancer research. (caister.com)
Researchers speculate that the altered gene activity prevents hematopoietic stem cells from differentiating normally, which leads to the overproduction of abnormal, immature white blood cells characteristic of acute myeloid leukemia. (medlineplus.gov)

and the unique differentiation of haploid cells (spermiogenesis) (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)

Psoriasis lesions are characterized by hyper-proliferation with incomplete differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes and decreased keratinocyte apoptosis, associated with inflammatory cellular infiltrate in both dermis and epidermis [ 12 ]. (springer.com)

When stimulated to divide, they give rise to more committed, differentiated daughter cells with less proliferative potential, called "early progenitor" cells. (justia.com)

Myelodysplasia syndrome is an incurable disease without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). (medscape.com)
The cellular elements of blood originate from the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell. (medscape.com)
Future work will include detailed proteomic profiling of ontogeny-specific leukemic features, investigation of the mechanistic details of hematopoietic stem cell plasticity, as well as specific types of post-translational modifications of particular importance in early hematopoiesis. (lu.se)

State-of-the art technologies are used to investigate global molecular changes that arise during neuronal fate specification and differentiation from pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells. (yale.edu)

For instance, multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are stress-tolerant adult human stem cells that can self-renew. (wikipedia.org)
Direct neuronal conversion of resident glial cells is advantageous since they are ubiquitously distributed brain cells able to self-renew and replenish their number, making them ideal candidates for endogenous repair. (lu.se)

Our study suggests that melanocyte stem cells are mobile but can start the regeneration of hair melanocytes only when they are present in a specific area within the hair follicle (hair germ compartment). (medicalnewstoday.com)
17 This property of rapid regeneration at intestinal stasis makes the intestine a uniquely convenient model system for epithelial cell biology and adult stem cell biology studies both inside and outside the specific context of intestinal function. (stemcell.com)
Overall, these processes allow the regeneration of NAD + required for ATP production through glycolysis. (hindawi.com)
Master thesis projects are available to better understand the role of microRNAs in this process using mouse models for muscle regeneration and work with primary muscle cells from mice and humans. (usz.ch)

Embryonic stem cells come from human embryos that are three to five days old. (healthline.com)
However, in recent years, there has been controversy surrounding the way human embryonic stem cells are obtained. (healthline.com)
To this end, we overexpressed key transcriptional regulators of astroglial development in human GBM and GBM stem cell lines. (lu.se)
So, are the microtumors comprised of human cancer cells? (tecan.com)
In this study, we used dorsomorphin, a selective small molecule inhibitor of BMP signaling, to investigate whether BMP signaling is involved in the positive effects of PPARγ agonists on osteogenic phenotypes of cultured human periosteum-derived cells. (medsci.org)
Although further study will be needed to clarify the mechanisms of PPARγ-regulated osteogenesis, our results suggest that the positive effects of a PPARγ agonist on the osteogenic phenotypes of cultured human periosteum-derived cells seem to be dependent on BMP signaling. (medsci.org)
Human neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease can occur when differentiated nerves in the brain try to multiply, and in the process, trigger a self-destruct program called apoptosis. (science20.com)
She returned to UCSF to conduct translational research, and apply her combined expertise in stem cells and signaling on the study of brain neoplasms and human stem and progenitor cells. (stanford.edu)
The mechanisms for cell fate decisions in the human brain are largely unknown. (stanford.edu)
The imaging of stem cell differentiation is possible by linking promoters - in this case a bone-forming promoter known as human Osteocalcin (hOc) - with the expression of hNIS. (ca.gov)
These cells then form specific tissues and organs in the human body. (labroots.com)
In breast cancers from patients, the density of TMEM doorways correlates with the proportion of cancer cells expressing stem cell markers, indicating that in human breast cancer TMEM doorways are not only cancer cell intravasation portals but also CSC programming sites. (nature.com)
The adult human airway epithelium is comprised of four major cell types, basal, club, goblet, and ciliated cells. (cdc.gov)
Objective: This study evaluated the osteogenic induction of human bone marrow cells by human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-4 (rhBMP-4) and proteins released by Saos-2 (human osteosarcoma cell line). (bvsalud.org)
Study design: Osteoinduction in the presence or absence of Saos-2 and/or rhBMP-4 was evaluated in cultured human bone marrow cells. (bvsalud.org)
As human osteosarcoma cells are a source of additional growth they did not affect osteoinduction. (bvsalud.org)
To circumvent these obstacles, we have developed two methods for the investigation of human neural cells in culture. (lu.se)
Firstly, we present a robust 2-week protocol for the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into forebrain neural progenitor cells. (lu.se)
We show that human and chimpanzee cells differentiate in a similar man¬ner and that the difference in interspecies protein abundance is higher than transcript-level differences, suggesting that post-transcriptional mechanisms play a role in the difference between human and chim¬panzee brain development. (lu.se)

Her postdoctoral studies on neural stem cells and asymmetric cell division in the Lab of Dr. Yuh Nung Jan at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and University of San Francisco, California implied for the first time a minus-end directed myosin in the process of cell fate determination. (stanford.edu)
During two years as an instructor and head of a research group in Munich, Germany, Dr. Petritsch and her team showed that cell fate determinants use a bimodal mechanism (diffusion and active capturing) for proper intracellular location. (stanford.edu)
By using patient-derived cells from brain surgeries, we investigate cell fate decision mechanisms in the normal brain and in brain malignancies. (stanford.edu)
We therefore work to gain an understanding of how brain cells control the fate of their progeny, whereby we unravel novel points of vulnerabilities in brain tumor cells, that could be exploited therapeutically. (stanford.edu)
In normal cells, the fate of pyruvate depends on many factors, one of which is oxygen availability. (hindawi.com)

It was previously thought that once McSCs differentiated into melanocytes, this process was irreversible. (medicalnewstoday.com)
This differentiation of stem cells to a cell type that performs a specific function is thought to be irreversible. (medicalnewstoday.com)
All these diseases are characterised by the irreversible loss of functional cells. (europa.eu)

or movements in a free energy landscape such that lineage choices are paths between stable cell states. (lu.se)
However, they fail to differentiate to extraembryonic endoderm cells due to markedly reduced enhancer binding of GATA6, the lineage-determining transcription factor driving extraembryonic endoderm development. (nih.gov)
Together, our findings highlight a lineage-selective, but enhancer activation-independent, role of MLL3/4 methyltransferase activities in mammalian embryonic development and ESC differentiation. (nih.gov)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can give rise to many different types of tissues and organs. (eurekalert.org)
At the turn of the present century, these cells were believed to offer hope of treatment for several health problems, but as research advanced, scientists realized that understanding and controlling the behavior of ESCs would be a more daunting challenge than initially imagined. (eurekalert.org)
At this stage, they are less versatile than mouse ESCs, which are typically isolated when the cells are naive and hence widely used as a research model. (eurekalert.org)
From hundreds of morphological parameters observed in the images, we selected approximately ten that enabled us to classify the differentiation stage of the ESCs," Panepucci said. (eurekalert.org)
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) lacking MLL3/4 enzymatic activities can differentiate towards the three embryonic germ layers including endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, we show that MLL3/4-catalyzed H3K4me1 is largely dispensable for enhancer activation during early EB differentiation and neural differentiation of ESCs. (nih.gov)

and it is generally not aggressive until the tumor cells sustain mutations that block differentiation. (science20.com)
It is known that brain tumor cells, on the other hand, defy many general principles of neurobiology. (stanford.edu)
Tumor cell hierarchies are poorly understood, providing no explanation for why tumor cells with stem-like, progenitor-like, and differentiated features co-exist and interact with normal brain cells and immune-infiltrating cells within a single tumor entity, and how this heterogeneity relates to the lack of active immune infiltration. (stanford.edu)
Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
CSCs display the slow-migratory, invadopod-rich phenotype that is the hallmark of disseminating tumor cells. (nature.com)
60% of circulating tumor cells. (nature.com)

Overexpression of embryonic transcription factors in stem cells could efficiently induce their differentiation into insulin-expressing cells. (wjgnet.com)

In the other location-called the hair germ area-McSCs can differentiate to form melanocytes that produce melanin pigment for hair. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Instead, a recent study published in Nature suggests that the McSCs can migrate back and forth between the two aforementioned locations, differentiating to produce hair pigment-producing melanocytes in the hair germ area and then translocating to the bulge and dedifferentiating to ensure the maintenance of an adequate supply of stem cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In this Review, we briefly outline the roles that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone play in regulating spermatogenesis and describe our current understanding of how vitamin A regulates germ cell differentiation and how it may lead to the generation of both the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave. (jci.org)

My group works with translational stem cell biology. (lu.se)
Increasing evidence emphasize that a substantial variance of protein expression is conveyed at the levels of protein synthesis and degradation, and that post-transcriptional control of gene expression plays a critical role in multiple aspects of cell biology, including coordination of cellular processes and rapid alteration of cellular phenotype. (lu.se)

Enjoy the comics, based on Malin Parmars research, about how a skin cell can be turned into a neuron. (lu.se)
I also describe the development of a novel behavioural task that is predictive of mesDA neuron cell loss in mice. (lu.se)
2001. Subchronic dermal application of N,N-diethyl m-toluamide (DEET) and permethrin to adult rats, alone or in combination, causes diffuse neuronal cell death and cytoskeletal abnormalities in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus, and purkinje neuron loss in the cerebellum. (cdc.gov)

Some types of mature, specialized adult cells can naturally revert to stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
While they normally produce digestive fluids for the stomach, they can revert into stem cells to make temporary repairs to stomach injuries, such as a cut or damage from infection. (wikipedia.org)

A new study in mice shows that these melanocyte stem cells migrate between two sites in the hair follicle during each cycle of hair growth and shedding- from a site where they produce the pigment for hair color to another where they produce stem cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Anatomy66

Organisms12

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs68

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment44

Phenomena and Processes57

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Mesenchymal16

Embryonic stem3

Undergo12

Opposing gradien1

Neurons20

Progenitors10

Partially differentiated2

Pathways11

Vitro8

Cellular differentiation3

MSCs7

Fully differentiated6

Tissue30

Terminally differentiated cells1

Epithelial cells6

Somatic6

Osteoblasts3

Lineages7

Biological processes3

Pluripotency8

Epigenetic4

Nuclei6

Progenitor cell4

Neuronal Differentiation1

Extracellular3

Genes9

Maturation4

Developmental4

Osteogenic differentiation5

IPSCs4

Begin to differentiate1

Regenerative2

Proliferation and differentiation2

Osteoblastic2

Pathway4

Therapeutic2

Macrophages3

Genetic9

Mouse embryonic1

Organism2

Tumors2

Researchers7

Unique differentiation1

Incomplete differentiation1

Proliferative potential1

Hematopoietic stem3

Pluripotent embryonic1

Self-renew2

Regeneration4

Human19

Fate5

Irreversible3

Lineage3

ESCs6

Tumor6

Induce1

Germ3

Biology2

Neuron3

Revert2

Migrate1