Stem cells including embryonic stem cells apoptosis of somatic cells cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
It is involved in p53 pathways and is implicated in cell death/survival signaling, the cell cycle, and differentiation, thereby playing a regulatory role in carcinogenesis [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Protocols for hepatocyte differentiation from iPS cells have been studied. (spandidos-publications.com)
It was hypothesized that the addition of glucose and galactose promoted hepatocyte differentiation of iPS cell. (spandidos-publications.com)
Our scientists have developed a wide array of stem cell-focused reagents and resources for many applications including flow cytometry , western blotting , ELISAs , and recombinant proteins for cell differentiation. (biolegend.com)
RUNX1 is also required for the differentiation of CD8+, Th17, and regulatory T cells. (biolegend.com)
These findings revealed that RUNX1 acts as a tumor suppressor for myeloid leukemia and is crucial for the development and terminal differentiation of several blood cell lineages 2,3 . (biolegend.com)
STAT3 protein belongs to a group of intracellular transcription factors that mediate a variety of functions such as cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
Does not induce differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells or endothelial cells. (tocris.com)
In recent years, interest in the possible molecular regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation in a wide range of regeneration models has grown significantly, but the cell kinetics of this process remain largely a mystery. (mdpi.com)
Genes expressed in LRECe revealed retention of some stem-like properties along with up-regulation of differentiation factors. (frontiersin.org)
whereas LREC in suprabasal epithelial layers are enriched for more committed progenitor cells, expressing some genes that are associated with stem cell attributes along with those indicative of cell differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
This dictates cycles of mammary growth, differentiation, lactation, and regression, during which mammary stem cells (MaSC) provide for the lineages of luminal and basal (myoepithelial) epithelial cells in the ducts and alveoli. (frontiersin.org)
This protein also forms a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NURD) complex that epigenetically regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
Role of extracellular RNA-carrying vesicles in cell differentiation and reprogramming. (unicyte.ch)
In particular, stem cells are highly sensitive to extracellular signals that play a critical role in mainten- ance of stem cell characteristics, differentiation, and interplay with somatic cells. (unicyte.ch)
Several other environmental factors including oxy- gen concentration and mechanical, metabolic, and bio- chemical conditions have been shown relevant in cell differentiation and have been reviewed extensively (Fig. 1) [3]. (unicyte.ch)
A stem cell commences as an undifferentiated cell that can either undergo self-renewal, whereby it generates daughter cells that remain as stem cells, or mature into a specific cell type via differentiation (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
We demonstrate here that R246S mutant p53 exhibits DN effects with respect to target gene expression, cell survival and cell cycle arrest both in cells that are in the undifferentiated state and upon differentiation. (silverchair.com)
Wild-type ES cells and ES cells deficient for the tumor suppressor p53 were exposed to pulse modulated EMF at 1.71 GHz, lower end of the uplink band of GSM 1800, under standardized and controlled conditions, and transcripts of regulatory genes were analyzed during in vitro differentiation. (drchrisbarnes.co.uk)
Cardiac differentiation and cell cycle characteristics were not affected in embryonic stem and embryonic carcinoma cells after exposure to GSM-217 EMF signals. (drchrisbarnes.co.uk)
These cells are the original precursors of various cells in a tumor, whereas other intratumoral cells are limited in terms of their potential for proliferation and pluripotent differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, normal adult stem cells (ASCs) self-renew, proliferate infinitely, have a multidirectional differentiation potential, similar to that of tumor cells, and can transform more easily into tumor stem cells than non-stem cells [ 20 , 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
FAs are structures composed of clustered transmembrane proteins called integrins that bind to the extracellular matrix and link to the actin cytoskeleton and control cell migration, proliferation, survival and differentiation (Gardel et al. (bio2009.org)
CSCs take charge of a cancer hierarchy, harboring stem cell-like properties involving self-renewal and aberrant differentiation potential. (bmbreports.org)
In this Review, we briefly outline the roles that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone play in regulating spermatogenesis and describe our current understanding of how vitamin A regulates germ cell differentiation and how it may lead to the generation of both the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave. (jci.org)
and the unique differentiation of haploid cells (spermiogenesis) (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)

Retinoblastoma proteins that inhibit the transcription factor E2F until the cell is ready to enter S phase are hyperphosphorylated and inactivated in ESCs, leading to continual expression of proliferation genes. (wikipedia.org)
Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
EBVaGC is defined by monoclonal proliferation of carcinoma cells with latent EBV infection, as demonstrated by EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization. (spandidos-publications.com)
These abnormalities result in significant alterations in gene expression related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and immune signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
Amputation-induced proliferation occurred predominantly within the epidermal and intestinal epithelium, as well as wound-adjacent muscle fibers, where clusters of cells at the same stage of the cell cycle were found. (mdpi.com)
Tissue regeneration occurs due to the proliferation of stem cells, which can not only divide, but also differentiate into cells of the tissue whose regeneration is taking place. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Enriched expression of genes in LRECb was associated with stem cell attributes and identified WNT, TGF-β, and MAPK pathways of self renewal and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
During rapid mammary growth in the mouse, label retaining epithelial cells (LREC) appear to retain label by asymmetric distribution of DNA strands, as evidenced by a rapid proliferation index of the LREC ( Smith, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)
During periods of low mammary proliferation, quiescence of the stem cell population may account for retention of label. (frontiersin.org)
Doxorubicin (DOX) is known as an anticancer drug that acts in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle to arrest cell proliferation and induce cellular senescence (see the upper left figure). (dojindo.com)
It was discovered when pulmonary fibroblasts slowed down their proliferation and eventually ended in cell death after cell passaging had been performed for more than 8 months. (dojindo.com)
We decellularized the metastatic lung sections, measured the micromechanics of the tumor ECM, and stained the sections for ECM proteins, proliferation, and cell death markers. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
DHX15 silencing greatly inhibited leukemia cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis and G1-phase arrest. (oncotarget.com)

Currently, clinical trials are underway of drugs that selectively eliminate old cells in organs and tissues, thereby preventing degenerative changes in organs and cancer. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
In our body, there are renewing tissues in which there is a pool of constantly dividing cells that replace spent or dying cells. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Stem cells that exist in almost all organs and tissues are able to divide indefinitely. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Stem cells are present in the myocardium, in the brain (in the hypocampus and in the olfactory bulbs) and in other tissues. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
But at the same time, renewing tissues are subject to hyperproliferation, which leads to the formation of tumors, including malignant ones. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
These have variable effectiveness in different tissues, with some tissue types retaining all of their senescent cells, suggesting that no initial clinical treatment is going to be perfect. (fightaging.org)
Even these prototypes are, however, clearing as much as a quarter of senescent cells in some tissues. (fightaging.org)
Thus, naively, a hypothetical highly efficient senescent cell clearance therapy might work just fine in a 40-something adult, with tissues containing comparatively few senescent cells, while having a strong chance of killing patients in their 70s, with tissues containing many more senescent cells and also possessed of less resilient organs. (fightaging.org)
Totipotent stem cells contain all the constituents necessary to produce a living being, given that these cells can supply all embryonic and extraembryonic tissues required for proper growth (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy and apoptosis in Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected chicken cells and tissues. (immune-source.com)
In bottom line, we confirmed that autophagy brought about by genotype VII NDV infections was important for virus-like replication, NDV-induced apoptosis, and cell survival in buy 480-11-5 chicken cells and tissues. (immune-source.com)
Using GO analysis, these alterations do not relate in any simple way to the classic signature of ageing known from somatic tissues. (gotomydoctor.com)
Furthermore, we conclude that the classic features of ageing may not be transposed from somatic tissues to oocytes in a one-to-onefashion. (gotomydoctor.com)
The related concept of Longevity Determination , however, is the result of a species-specific genomic expression during early development that positions the somatic tissues of an organism to survive long after its reproductive period has been completed. (agemed.org)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)

Over the past few years, emerging numerous bioinformatic tools have been developed to identify candidate disease-causing genes [ 4 ], including microRNA (miRNA) genes. (hindawi.com)
The underphosphorylated, active form of Rb interacts directly with E2F1 , leading to cell cycle arrest, while the hyperphosphorylated form decouples from E2F1, thus promoting the transcription of genes promoting entry into the S phase. (biolegend.com)
The methodology included inducing differentiated somatic cells with the primary genes responsible for embryonic stem cell potency. (papersowl.com)
Moreover, in agreement with the high expression of these genes in the testis and ovary, we found significant impairment of the reproductive process and pathological alterations, including tumors, mainly limited to the gonads. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells become cancerous by accumulating, stepwise, a series of several mutations that alter the function of genes important for cell growth. (agemed.org)
The major characteristics of Nrf2 are to some extent mimicked by Nrf2-dependent genes and their proteins including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which besides removing toxic heme, produces biliverdin, iron ions and carbon monoxide. (springer.com)
The discovery of the antioxidant response element (ARE) have led to the conclusion that the battery of genes, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1), NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) is regulated through Nrf2 binding to this consensus binding sequence [ 3 ]. (springer.com)
Several downstream targets of the NF-kB pathway were also down-regulated, and apoptosis-associated genes CASP3 and PARP were activated. (oncotarget.com)

A critical length of telomere repeats is required to ensure proper telomere function and avoid the activation of DNA damage pathways that result in replicative senescence or cell death. (nature.com)
Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
These marker proteins are known to be tumor suppressors and regulate the cell cycle mainly through two pathways (p16Ink4a-RB and p53-p21CIP1). (dojindo.com)
Elucidating the function of the mutated gene, ALMS1 , is critical for the development of specific treatments and may uncover pathways relevant to a range of other disorders including common forms of obesity and type 2 diabetes. (springer.com)
2012). However, FAs also function as signaling platforms, affecting several signaling pathways including Akt (Erez et al. (bio2009.org)

Levels of proteins, including Cyt C, Bcl-2/BAX, and Nrf2 /HO-1-associated proteins, were determined by western blotting and immunofluorescence. (sdbonline.org)
Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
Proteins associated with FAs include the nonreceptor tyrosine kinases FAK and Src. (bio2009.org)
Internal signals producing apoptosis depend on interactions of several proteins and may serve to protect the organism from cancer by killing cells that have pre-cancerous changes. (agemed.org)

A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
With aging, the cell stops dividing: it does not respond to growth factors and becomes resistant to apoptosis. (vechnayamolodost.ru)

We have therefore generated `knock-in' mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells to investigate the effects of expressing a commonly found hot-spot p53 mutant, R246S - the mouse equivalent of human R249S, which is associated with hepatocellular carcinomas. (silverchair.com)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), derived from the blastocyst stage of early mammalian embryos, are distinguished by their ability to differentiate into any embryonic cell type and by their ability to self-renew. (wikipedia.org)
Mammalian chimeras are valuable for studying early embryonic development. (asu.edu)
The process of autophagy in mammalian cells involves six principal actions: initiation, nucleation, elongation, closure, maturation, buy 480-11-5 and degradation [27]. (immune-source.com)
Cloning by nuclear transfer using mammalian somatic cells has enormous potential application. (biomedcentral.com)
CCI 779, RAD001 Mammalian target of rapamycin kinase is an essential mediator of tumor cell growth and prolifera tion. (cox-inhibitors.com)
The importance of independent 3â UTR RNA (referred as I3â UTR) was prompted by results of artificially introducing such RNA species into malignant mammalian cells. (omicsonline.org)

In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cell damage was assessed using MTT assays, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate and flow cytometry were used to detect the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential respectively. (sdbonline.org)
GSOs also mitigated the deleterious effects of GLU on the mitochondrial membrane potential and Cyt C release, thus alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased GSH levels and CAT activity in both cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
As a result, changes in SA-ß-Gal expression, cell cycle progression, and mitochondrial membrane potential were observed. (dojindo.com)

Typically, rapidly proliferating tumor cells have glycolytic rates up to 200 times higher than those of their normal tissue of origin, even in the presence of oxygen [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
According to the hypothesis, only a small group of stem cell-like tumor cells can form new tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
Objectives Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in the development and growth of tumor cells. (immune-source.com)
Cell cycle analysis showed an accumulation of tumor cells predominantly in 511296-88-1 manufacture G0/G1 phase with an increase in concentration of TD-MSCs, which was confirmed by increased mRNA expression of cell cycle negative regulator p21. (immune-source.com)
Apoptosis of tumor cells increased significantly as concentration of cocultured TD-MSCs increased. (immune-source.com)

RUNX1 regulates CD4 gene transcription during multiple stages of T cell development and represses the CD4 gene in CD4-CD8- (double negative) T cells. (biolegend.com)

Human liver organoids are formed from the assembly of hepatocyte-like cells differentiated from iPS cells, human umbilical vascular endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In fact, low levels of telomerase activity have been found in human adult stem cells including haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic stem cells such as neuronal, skin, intestinal crypt, mammary epithelial, pancreas, adrenal cortex, kidney, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ( Table 1 ). (nature.com)
Although the goal of Glioblastoma is not only to treat the disease but to cure it, current animal in vivo studies have shown promising therapeutic effects in mesenchymal stem cells, induced neural stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. (genesispub.org)
These stem cells have self-renewal capabilities, and stem cells, like the mesenchymal stem cells, can differentiate into various lineages from the mesoderm. (genesispub.org)

These germ layers generate each of the more than 220 cell types in the adult human body. (wikipedia.org)
Pluripotency distinguishes embryonic stem cells from adult stem cells, which are multipotent and can only produce a limited number of cell types. (wikipedia.org)
Stem cells are unique due to their ability to limitlessly self-renew and differentiate into each cell type in the adult body. (biolegend.com)
Skeletal muscle growth and regeneration involves the activity of resident adult stem cells, namely satellite cells (SC). (sdbonline.org)
With her research, Platt challenged then current theories about germ layers, the types of cells in an early embryo that develop into adult cells. (asu.edu)
That is to say, one type of stem cell may be capable of differentiating into all adult cell types, while another may only be capable of maturing into one specific somatic cell type. (papersowl.com)
On a macro scale, the two classifications of stem cells are embryonic and adult stem cells. (papersowl.com)
In contrast, adult stem cells can only give rise to differentiated somatic cells of the particular tissue from which these cells originated (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
To delve further into the specifics, embryonic and adult stem cells fall into potency categories reflecting their ability to differentiate: totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, and unipotent. (papersowl.com)
Using these definitions, embryonic stem cells can be classified as totipotent or pluripotent at different developmental stages and locations, whereas adult stem cells can be categorized as pluripotent, multipotent, or unipotent (Figure 1). (papersowl.com)
In the early 1980s, scientists began to exploit two major classes of stem cells: embryonic and non-embryonic, or adult stem cells. (papersowl.com)
However, the crowning achievement arose in 2006 when researchers at Kyoto University discovered the necessary means to reprogram differentiated adult cells to possess embryonic stem cell-like functionality, as if reversing time itself. (papersowl.com)
B ) Histological cross section through an adult mouse testis depicting seminiferous tubules, the peritubular myoid cells, and the interstitium (space between tubules). (jci.org)
however, some species of Hydrozoa react to environmental stress by reverting their life cycle: i.e. an adult medusa goes back to the juvenile stage of polyp. (researchgate.net)
This process gets rid of unneeded cells and is particularly important for "sculpting" tissue and organ structure during development of the embryo (or larval metamorphosis in insects), but may occur at any time even in adult cells when a tissue needs to be remodeled. (agemed.org)

RUNX1-deficient mice fail to generate hematopoietic stem cells. (biolegend.com)
Hematopoietic stem cells, which can produce several different types of blood cells, are prime examples of multipotency. (papersowl.com)
DHX15 was highly expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and leukemia cells but was lowly expressed in mature blood cells. (oncotarget.com)

In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
Cellular senescence is controlled by various factors such as cell type and physiological conditions, such as oxidative stress. (dojindo.com)
HO-1 and their products exert beneficial effects through the protection against oxidative injury, regulation of apoptosis, modulation of inflammation as well as contribution to angiogenesis. (springer.com)
Single cells and organisms may adapt to harmful oxidative stress conditions, through stress-activated factors. (springer.com)
This activates cascade of events which, in the end, affects oxidative status of the cells and provides robust protection against oxidative challenge. (springer.com)

Research into apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and cellular senescence is very important for understanding the intracellular functions that control cell survival and death. (dojindo.com)
AMBRA1 is an intrinsically disordered protein, working as a scaffold molecule to coordinate, by protein-protein interaction, many cellular processes, including autophagy, mitophagy, apoptosis and cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Prior analysis reported that a goose-source NDV stress, Herts/33 (genotype II) activated autophagy and function Vegfb of autophagy in NDV duplication and apoptosis in 1d outdated SPF hens. (immune-source.com)
Body 8 evaluation of rapamycin (Hip hop), chloroquine (CQ) and mock-treated poultry groupings contaminated with NDV To additional investigate the function of autophagy in apoptosis and and had been downregulated in the NDV-infected spleen, recommending that the spleen ignored the development of autophagosomes thereby. (immune-source.com)
Therefore, our results exhibited that autophagy was essential for NDV replication and apoptosis. (immune-source.com)
These data indicate that the inhibition of autophagy promotes apoptosis as described for herpes simplex computer virus 1 and mouse herpesvirus 68 [41]. (immune-source.com)
However, we could not demonstrate unique functions of autophagy and apoptosis in response to NDV contamination. (immune-source.com)

This study presents an in-silico model replicating a microfluidic assay where endothelial cells sprout into a biomimetic extracellular matrix, specifically, a large-pore, low-concentration fibrin-based porous hydrogel, influenced by chemotactic factors. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) is expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), while the roles and mechanisms of LEC-A2AR in skin lymphangiogenesis during salt-induced hypertension are not clear. (bvsalud.org)

Self-renewal conditions must prevent the cells from clumping and maintain an environment that supports an unspecialized state. (wikipedia.org)
Due to their plasticity and potentially unlimited capacity for self-renewal, embryonic stem cell therapies have been proposed for regenerative medicine and tissue replacement after injury or disease. (wikipedia.org)
Rb homeostasis is also essential for self-renewal and survival of human embryonic stem cells 10 . (biolegend.com)
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a distinct group of cells within cancerous tissue that possess the ability to initiate tumorigenesis and exhibit potency, self-renewal, and drug resistance. (bmrat.org)

The regulation of telomere length and telomerase activity is a complex and dynamic process that is tightly linked to cell cycle regulation in human stem cells. (nature.com)
The capability of these cells to differentiate depends on the stem cell type, the regulation of gene expression by various transcription factors and interaction with the stem cell niche 1,4 . (biolegend.com)
This is due to irregularities in the regulation of cell division and an increased frequency of mutagenesis in actively dividing cells. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
This gene thus plays a role in both cell-cycle and epigenetic regulation. (cancerindex.org)
A tight spatial and timing regulation of growth factor action during embryonic development has been suggested [4]. (unicyte.ch)
The structure, regulation, and cell types of the mouse testis. (jci.org)
Practically, cycle regulation, chromosome stability and epigenetic F9 cells allow for the efficient metabolic labelling of the modification, in both mouse and human oocytes SILAC reference in vitro, overcoming the difficulty of directly labelling oocytes in vivo. (gotomydoctor.com)

It was suggested that lactate promoted the survival of iPS cells cultured in a medium without glucose and supplemented with galactose. (spandidos-publications.com)
Glucose is essential for cell survival and is metabolized to pyruvate ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Embryonic stem cells of the inner cell mass are pluripotent, meaning they are able to differentiate to generate primitive ectoderm, which ultimately differentiates during gastrulation into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, telomerase activity and telomere maintenance are associated with the immortality of cancer cells, germ-line cells, and embryonic stem (ES) cells. (nature.com)
This pluripotency enables these cells to produce daughter cells of all differentiated somatic cell types, germ cells, and cells of all three embryonic germ layers (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
We demonstrated that the silencing of the ambra1b gene determines a reduction of primordial germ cells (PGCs), a condition that, in the zebrafish, leads to the development of all-male progeny. (biomedcentral.com)

According to a 2002 article in PNAS, "Human embryonic stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types, and, thus, may be useful as a source of cells for transplantation or tissue engineering. (wikipedia.org)

These approaches result in the loss of all histological information pertaining to the in vivo locale of MaSC and progenitor cells. (frontiersin.org)
Instead, we used laser microdissection to excise putative progenitor cells and control cells from their in situ locations in cryosections and characterized the molecular properties of these cells. (frontiersin.org)
MaSC/progenitor cells were identified based on their ability to retain bromodeoxyuridine for an extended period. (frontiersin.org)
Errors arising in stem and progenitor cells have a much greater influence on the tissue in which they are found than errors arising in postmitotic differentiated cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Early progenitor cells, which are designated A spermatogonia in the mouse and A- dark spermatogonia in humans, are defined as "undifferentiated. (jci.org)
Undifferentiated spermatogonia divide mitotically to both repopulate the testicular stem cell population and provide progenitor cells that undergo spermatogenesis. (jci.org)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage pre-implantation embryo. (wikipedia.org)
Despite this difference in the cell cycle when compared to ESCs grown in media containing serum these cells have similar pluripotent characteristics. (wikipedia.org)
Pluripotent stem cells have shown promise in treating a number of varying conditions, including but not limited to: spinal cord injuries, age related macular degeneration, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders (such as Parkinson's disease), AIDS, etc. (wikipedia.org)
Human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can differentiate into somatic cells ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Before delving into the molecular biology and therapeutic potentials of induced pluripotent stem cells, it is crucial to provide foundational definitions and descriptions. (papersowl.com)
Embryonic stem cells have the unique ability to exist in an undifferentiated state indefinitely while also being pluripotent. (papersowl.com)
A pluripotent stem cell has the potential to form all cells of the embryo, but cannot form a placenta. (papersowl.com)
Czyz et al (2004) [1] have used electromagnetic fields (EMF) simulating exposure to the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) signals on pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells in vitro. (drchrisbarnes.co.uk)

Previous molecular characterizations of mammary stem cells (MaSC) have utilized fluorescence-activated cell sorting or in vitro cultivation of cells from enzymatically dissociated tissue to enrich for MaSC. (frontiersin.org)
Until recently, it was believed that they were tissue-specific…however, this concept has been challenged… (multipotent cells) can differentiate in vitro and in vivo into various cell types not only from the tissue of origin" (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
Marking a vast leap in reproductive therapy, it became possible to isolate these human embryonic stem cells for reproductive purposes, such as in vitro fertilization. (papersowl.com)
Cells are collected from donor (a) and cultured in vitro (b). (biomedcentral.com)
The somatic cell and the oocyte is then fused (f) and the embryos is allowed to develop to a blastocyst in vitro (g). (biomedcentral.com)

Cyclin-dependent kinases such as CDK2 that promote cell cycle progression are overactive, in part due to downregulation of their inhibitors. (wikipedia.org)
Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
Common detection indicators for assessing cellular senescence include features related to cell cycle progression (DNA synthesis, p16/p21 expression, etc.), features related to morphology (of the cell, nucleus, nucleolus, etc. (dojindo.com)

In addition to their potential in regenerative medicine, embryonic stem cells provide a possible alternative source of tissue/organs which serves as a possible solution to the donor shortage dilemma. (wikipedia.org)
In tissue engineering, the use of stem cells are known to be of importance. (wikipedia.org)
The second group includes cell- or tissue-specific factors. (nature.com)
The levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were measured in PC12 cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
Persistent infection with H. pylori induces atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, and subsequently leads to gastric malignancies including gastric carcinoma and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma). (spandidos-publications.com)
Cell renewal can occur quite intensively: for example, connective tissue cells in the pancreas are replaced every 24 hours, gastric mucosa cells - every three days, leukocytes - every 10 days, skin cells - every six weeks, approximately 70 g of proliferating small intestine cells are removed from the body daily [1]. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
During cell division, tissue rejuvenation occurs: new cells take the place of damaged ones, while repair (elimination of DNA damage) occurs more intensively and regeneration is possible in case of tissue damage. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
In large numbers senescent cells cause chronic inflammation and their collective signaling actively harms tissue structure and function. (fightaging.org)
The relevance of these phenomena in stem cell biology and tissue repair is discussed. (unicyte.ch)
Mechanistically, loss of C3aR and C5aR increases regulatory T cell (Treg) accumulation in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue during cold exposure or high-fat diet. (bvsalud.org)

The cells are being studied to be used as clinical therapies, models of genetic disorders, and cellular/DNA repair. (wikipedia.org)
This may include oncomir (oncogenic miRNA) inhibition, or tumor suppressor-miRNA replacement therapies [ 6 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
In addition, the novel cancer stem cell paradigm raises the prospect of cell-targeted therapies instead of treatment directed against the whole tumour. (nature.com)
Subsequent improved understanding of the molecular alterations present in the cancer cell has enabled the development of targeted therapies for some forms of cancer. (nature.com)
Therapies for senescent cell clearance as a treatment for aging are going to be an ongoing concern within the next few years. (fightaging.org)

Oligopotent stem cells, though not often widely discussed, have the ability to differentiate into a few cells (Kara et al. (papersowl.com)

In gastric carcinoma cells, EBV is not integrated into the host genome but maintained as a type of plasmid called an episome. (spandidos-publications.com)
The uniformity of the numbers of terminal repeats (TRs) among EBV positive carcinoma cells reflects the clonal origin of a tumor and suggests that EBV is a causative virus for gastric carcinoma ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Insights into the biology of stem cells will be gained by confirmation and characterization of candidate MaSC markers identified in this study. (frontiersin.org)
Cold Spring Harbor, NY -- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (CSHLP) announced the release of The Digital Cell: Cell Biology as a Data Science, available on its website in hardcover format. (cshlpress.com)

Researchers are currently focusing heavily on the therapeutic potential of embryonic stem cells, with clinical use being the goal for many laboratories. (wikipedia.org)
While research has shown that each stem cell poses its own risk to the disease, their therapeutic effects have also shown encouraging and promising results. (genesispub.org)
This review outlines the research, progress, and potential therapeutic effects different stem cells have on Glioblastoma. (genesispub.org)
This study aimed to review the current progress researchers have made regarding stem cell therapeutic effects for Glioblastoma, how it is applied, and to discover the potential future progress and treatments these stem cells can create. (genesispub.org)
According to recent findings, especially targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs) is the most promising therapeutic strategy. (bmbreports.org)
Somatic gene therapy represents mainstream basic and clinical research, in which therapeutic DNA (either integrated in the genome or as an external episome or plasmid) is used to treat disease. (omicsonline.org)

Interest in ALMS1 is heightened by the recent discovery of its involvement in neonatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest, a process with potential relevance to regenerative medicine. (springer.com)

however, the level of telomerase activity is low or absent in the majority of stem cells regardless of their proliferative capacity. (nature.com)
Telomeric DNA consists of short guanine-rich repeat sequences in all eukaryotes with linear chromosomes, and its length in human somatic cells is remarkably heterogeneous among individuals ranging from 5 to 20 kb, according to age, organ, and the proliferative history of each cell ( Wright and Shay, 2005 ). (nature.com)
Telomerase can add telomeric repeats onto the chromosome ends, and prevents the replication-dependent loss of telomere and cellular senescence in highly proliferative cells of the germline and in the majority of cancers ( Blasco, 2005 ). (nature.com)
As stem cells have elongated proliferative capacity, they should have a mechanism that maintains telomere length through many cell divisions. (nature.com)
The telomere length specifies the number of divisions a cell can undergo before it finally dies (i.e. the proliferative potential of cells). (actanaturae.ru)

The mudpuppy is an aquatic salamander commonly used by embryologists because its large embryonic cells and nuclei are easy to see. (asu.edu)
These developmental defects have been attributed to incomplete reprogramming of the somatic nuclei by the cloning process. (biomedcentral.com)
These observations suggest that further studies on nuclear reprogramming are needed in order to understand the underlying mechanisms of reprogramming and significantly improve the ability of the differentiated somatic nuclei to be reprogrammed. (biomedcentral.com)

Reproduction (2014) 148 55-72 (Thus, ageing of oocytes may The 'maternal age effect' in reproduction, characterized be viewed as a life-long maintenance of cellular by a negative relationship between maternal age and homeostasis in the same cell, unlike ageing of the male reproductive success, is a poorly understood phenom- germline. (gotomydoctor.com)

In somatic cells, the activity of telomerase, a reverse transcriptase that can elongate telomeric repeats, is usually diminished after birth so that the telomere length is gradually shortened with cell divisions, and triggers cellular senescence. (nature.com)
Irreversible cell cycle arrest is one of the phenomena that characterize cellular senescence. (dojindo.com)
Recently, various fields have given particular attention to cellular senescence due to the recent discoveries of SASP (a known cancer-causing factor) and senescence-related phenomena in stem cell research. (dojindo.com)

The first group includes pharmacological and physiological factors such as drug metabolism and excretion, inadequate access of the drug to the tumour, inadequate infusion rate and inadequate route of delivery. (nature.com)
Abnormal metabolism and the evasion of apoptosis are considered hallmarks of cancers. (hindawi.com)
In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
It turned out that old cells, on the one hand, act as tumor suppressors (since they irreversibly stop dividing themselves and reduce the risk of transformation of surrounding cells), and on the other hand, the specific metabolism of old cells can cause inflammation and degeneration of neighboring precancerous cells into malignant ones. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
RNA helicases are ubiquitous, highly conserved enzymes that participate in nearly all aspects of RNA metabolism, including transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA export, ribosome biogenesis, translation and RNA degradation. (oncotarget.com)

In most human somatic cells except for stem cells and lymphocytes, telomerase activity is diminished after birth so that telomere length shortens with each cell division. (nature.com)
Basically, given the difference of telomere and telomerase activity in human and mouse cells, the telomere and telomerase status in stem cell populations is different between humans and mice ( Harrington, 2004 ). (nature.com)
Stem cells are characterized by a lower telomerase activity, which enables only partial compensation for the shortening of telomeres. (actanaturae.ru)
Somatic cells are usually characterized by the absence of telomerase activity. (actanaturae.ru)

Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4-5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of 50-150 cells. (wikipedia.org)
Isolating the inner cell mass (embryoblast) using immunosurgery results in destruction of the blastocyst, a process which raises ethical issues, including whether or not embryos at the pre-implantation stage have the same moral considerations as embryos in the post-implantation stage of development. (wikipedia.org)
Platt followed the paths of cells in developing mudpuppy embryos to see how embryonic cells migrated during the formation of the head. (asu.edu)

The classification of each glioma is based on its cell origin and molecular characteristics, which includes acquired mutations [4]. (genesispub.org)
We speculate that precancerous stem cells (pCSCs) arise during the evolution of carcinomas based on long-term experimental findings, published literature, and the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory, wherein pCSCs exist in precancerous lesions and have characteristics of both CSCs and normal stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Cancer cells continue to produce lactate via glycolysis when oxygen is abundant (the Warburg effect) ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Thus, even in stem cells, except for embryonal stem cells and cancer stem cells, telomere shortening occurs during replicative ageing, possibly at a slower rate than that in normal somatic cells. (nature.com)
In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Metabolic adaptations of cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
Glucose and glutamine are the 2 major substrates used by cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
Cell invasion is a crucial step of tumor metastasis , finding new regulators of which offers potential drug targets for cancer therapy. (sdbonline.org)
In addition to basic science investigations in such areas as tumor cell invasion, oncogenes, immunotherapy and genetic inheritance, our scientists and physicians participate in national cancer trials. (upstate.edu)
T lymphocytes for adoptive cell therapy against hematological cancer. (upstate.edu)
This is probably a defense against cancer, removing from play those cells most likely to become cancerous. (fightaging.org)
This is a well known problem in the cancer research community, a section of the medical establishment very focused on selectively killing cells. (fightaging.org)
The surviving cells become cancer cells, which are capable both of dividing indefinitely and maintaining telomere length (usually with the aid of telomerase). (actanaturae.ru)
Therefore, investigations on testing and maintaining the integrity of genomic DNA within precancerous stem cells (pCSCs), which are within the framework of the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, are necessary. (biomedcentral.com)
For the past 20 years, plenty of studies have suggested that only a small subpopulation of the cancer cells with tumor-initiating capability is the core origin of the tumorigenesis and the subset of cancer cells was named cancer stem cells (CSCs). (bmbreports.org)
Through 1990â s to 2000â s, world scientists found several 3â UTR RNAs that functioned as artificial independent RNAs in cancer cells and resulted in tumor suppression. (omicsonline.org)
Patients and methods: Elderly cancer patients ≥60 years old who visited the oncology department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2008 and 2012 were included. (bvsalud.org)
Cancer A clonal growth (cells all descended from one ancestral cell) that undergo continuing mitotic divisions and are not inhibited in their growth when they come in contact with neighboring cells (contact inhibition). (agemed.org)
Cancer cells often spread (or metastasize ) throughout the body by way of the bloodstream or lymphatic vessels to form tumors in new locations beyond the primary site of origin. (agemed.org)
On the other hand, the disturbances in the proper HO-1 level are associated with the pathogenesis of some age-dependent disorders, including neurodegeneration, cancer or macular degeneration. (springer.com)

Scientists have discovered that, in the absence of resident stem cells, senescent cells can instruct neighboring somatic cells to reprogram. (dojindo.com)

Rb , or retinoblastoma protein, is a key regulator of the cell cycle, particularly during the transition from the G1 to S phases. (biolegend.com)

One of them is the replicative aging of cells (senescence), which consists in the irreversible stopping of cell division at the G1 stage of the cell cycle. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Consider the study from some years back that showed as many as 20% of the skin cells in old baboons exhibited the signature for senescence. (fightaging.org)
Telomere shortening leads to the attainment of the Hayflick limit, the transition of cells to a state of senescence. (actanaturae.ru)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of human malignancies, and its incidence appears to be increasing globally [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Human embryonic stem cells also exhibit the Warburg effect ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Recently, the importance of telomere maintenance in human stem cells has been highlighted by studies on dyskeratosis congenital, which is a genetic disorder in the human telomerase component. (nature.com)
Here we review the role of telomeres and telomerase in the function and capacity of the human stem cells. (nature.com)
Although traditionally associated with the last stages of the disease, recent findings with minimally transformed pretumorigenic primary human cells indicate that the ability to generate drug resistance arises early during the tumorigenic process, before the full transformation. (nature.com)
EBV was the first virus to be associated with human malignancy, which was discovered from a Burkitt's lymphoma cell line in 1964 ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Subsequent studies revealed that EBV caused a number of different human malignancies, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), Hodgkin's lymphoma, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type and lymphoproliferative disorders of immunocompromised hosts ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Mutations occur rarely, and in order for a cell to become cancerous - this is calculated for human fibroblasts - about 100 divisions must occur (this number of divisions usually occurs in a person at about the age of 40) [5]. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
It turned out that cells in human fibroblast culture live for a limited time under good conditions and are able to double approximately 50±10 times, and this number was called the Hayflick limit [6, 7]. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Overall, the presence of stem cells is essential for proper human development and function as they contribute to the growth, maintenance, and repair of numerous physiological systems (Kara et al. (papersowl.com)
It wasn't until over a decade later, in the late 1990s, that human-derived stem cells were propelled to the forefront of experimentation. (papersowl.com)
The knock-in cells contain higher levels of p53 that localizes to the nucleus even in the absence of genotoxic stress and yet remains non-functional, reminiscent of mutant p53 found in human tumours. (silverchair.com)
Thousands of studies mainly on in vivo animal and human cell lines and some animal studies produce mixed and inconclusive results. (drchrisbarnes.co.uk)
This protease activity has recently been ascribed to serine metalloprotease(s), including pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), which was first detected in human follicular fluid nearly 20 yr ago. (bioone.org)

Somatic cell cloning (cloning or nuclear transfer) is a technique in which the nucleus (DNA) of a somatic cell is transferred into an enucleated metaphase-II oocyte for the generation of a new individual, genetically identical to the somatic cell donor (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
A matured oocyte (c) is then enucleated (d) and a donor cell is transferred into the enucleated oocyte (e). (biomedcentral.com)

The zygote and the cells within the initial zygotic divisions are considered totipotent (Kara et al. (papersowl.com)

Genetic changes that are characteristic of EBVaGC include frequent mutations in PIK3CA and ARID1A and amplification of JAK2 and PD-L1/L2. (spandidos-publications.com)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
Cells require three to six genetic mutations to become carcinogenic, and these accumulate over time [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Persistent stem cells in the oral epithelium of adults are the only cells that can accumulate sufficient mutations for OSCC to develop [ 18 , 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This protein was found to also interact with DNA polymerase alpha/primase and mediate the phosphorylation of the large p180 subunit, which suggests a regulatory role in DNA replication during the S-phase of the cell cycle. (cancerindex.org)
Shortening of the 5'-terminus of the daughter strand, caused by the removal of the terminal RNA-primer and the subsequent incomplete replication of linear DNA molecules, is observed during the genome replication occurring upon cell fission. (actanaturae.ru)

When provided with the appropriate signals, ESCs initially form precursor cells that in subsequently differentiate into the desired cell types. (wikipedia.org)
A senescent cell stops replicating and secretes signals that both adjust the behavior of surrounding cells, making them more likely to become senescent, and make the senescent cell itself a target for destruction by the immune system . (fightaging.org)
These vesicles can transfer signals capable of altering cell function and/or reprogramming targeted cells. (unicyte.ch)
Similarly, reprogramming of somatic cells involves a complex interaction among intracellular and extracellular signals leading to epigenetic remodeling [6]. (unicyte.ch)
The cell phenotype is therefore determined by signals that target the cells received within a defined microenvironment. (unicyte.ch)
This process involves the ability of cells to change pheno- type depending upon specific signals. (unicyte.ch)
This concept is based on the observation that vesicles may transfer different types of signals between cells [7, 8]. (unicyte.ch)
Signals to trigger apoptosis may come from within the cell or from outside, by stimulating suicide receptors in the cell's external membrane. (agemed.org)

Natural herbal compounds like Milk Thistle may be useful for a number of cancers including Melanoma. (drchrisbarnes.co.uk)

This cycle involves gluconeogenesis and is performed solely by hepatocytes. (spandidos-publications.com)
Membrane vesicles, actively released by cells, represent a mechanism of intercellular communication that is conserved evolutionarily and involves the transfer of molecules able to induce epigenetic changes in recipient cells. (unicyte.ch)

The generation of cellular models of drug resistance has been pivotal in unravelling the main effectors of resistance to traditional chemotherapy at the molecular level (i.e. intracellular drug inactivation, detoxifying systems, defects in DNA repair, apoptosis evasion, membrane transporters and cell adhesion). (nature.com)

It was found that GSOs reversed GLU-induced reductions in cell viability and the LDH release rate, and rescued ROS accumulation. (sdbonline.org)
In contrast, the restoration of DHX15 expression rescued cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis. (oncotarget.com)

After clinical diagnosis, a bone marrow biopsy is usually advised selleck DNMT inhibitor for the reason that primarily based on existing details it can't be predicted no matter if the genetic alterations inducing pathological mast cell exercise in affected mast cells have not also induced disturbances in hematopoie tic non mast cell lineages. (cox-inhibitors.com)

Mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest are of great interest partly because reversing this process could provide a way to stimulate cardiac regeneration after injury [ 17 ]. (springer.com)

Nonetheless, having too many senescent cells is a bad thing, and that is exactly what happens with advancing age: senescent cells that evade destruction linger indefinitely, and their numbers grow over time, especially once the immune system starts to decline in old age . (fightaging.org)

Multiple different methods have been demonstrated to selectively kill senescent cells in mice, including the genetic engineering approach used a few years ago and the various senolytic drug candidates discovered more recently. (fightaging.org)
Senescent cell clearance treatments could be made much more efficient than the prototypes demonstrated so far in mice. (fightaging.org)
From this point forward, the steps and cell types of spermatogenesis are conserved between mice and humans. (jci.org)
Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)
Lymphatic endothelial cell-specific A2AR knockout mice fed HSD exhibited 17 ± 2% increase in blood pressure and 17 ± 3% increase in Na+ content associated with decreased lymphatic density (-19 ± 2%) compared with HSD-WT mice. (bvsalud.org)

It is, however, quite possible for a therapy to be too good at killing senescent cells. (fightaging.org)
Lin A, Gallicchio VS. (2023) Stem Cell Therapy for Glioblastoma. (genesispub.org)
Somatic cell therapy is viewed as a more conservative, safer approach because it affects only the targeted cells in the patient, and is not passed on to future generations. (omicsonline.org)
Such single gene disorders are good candidates for somatic cell therapy. (omicsonline.org)

Rapid cell division allows the cells to quickly grow in number, but not size, which is important for early embryo development. (wikipedia.org)
Pax6 is a transcription factor present during embryonic development. (biolegend.com)
Within the brain, the protein is involved in the development of specialized cells that process smell. (biolegend.com)
Animals and plants have biological clocks that help to regulate circadian cycles, seasonal rhythms, growth, development and sexual maturity. (karger.com)
The development of drugs that eliminate senescent cells in the body (senolytic drugs) is also attracting the attention of researchers as a possible strategy to extend healthy life expectancy. (dojindo.com)
Immunoreceptor signaling during development, homeostasis, and effector function of T cells and NK cells. (upstate.edu)
Evolution likes reuse, and senescent cells are also transiently involved in wound healing and structural control over embryonic development . (fightaging.org)
Increases in the amount of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells during follicular development occurs in some but not all species, indicating that other proteases or protease inhibitors may be involved in IGFBP degradation. (bioone.org)
It really is activated in 50% of lung carcinomas, It is located downstream, along the PI3K AKT pathway exactly where it serves like a central sensor for nutrient energy availability, In the presence of stimulation in the EGFR receptor in combination with adequate nutrients and energy, the mTOR pathway is activated, and cell development is initiated. (cox-inhibitors.com)

In the present review we focus on the extracellular vesicle-induced epigenetic changes in recipient cells that may lead to phenotypic and functional modifications. (unicyte.ch)

In recent years, molecular mechanisms of cell aging, their connection with oncological diseases and inflammation have been discovered. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Our results support the use of DNA label retention to identify MaSC and also provide a molecular profile and novel candidate markers for these cells. (frontiersin.org)
Unlike the male germline, the bulk of The synthesis of the aforementioned molecular oocytes do not have a gonial stem cell population. (gotomydoctor.com)

Conclusions We conclude that ARAP2 affects Akt signaling in some cells by a mechanism independent of FAs or membrane traffic. (bio2009.org)

Under defined conditions, embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewing indefinitely in an undifferentiated state. (wikipedia.org)

Cell Reports, 2023. (dojindo.com)

We isolated four categories of cells from mammary epithelium of female calves: bromodeoxyuridine label retaining epithelial cells (LREC) from basal (LRECb) and embedded layers (LRECe), and epithelial control cells from basal and embedded layers. (frontiersin.org)

Such cells exist in the crypts of the intestine, in the basal layer of the skin epithelium, in the bone marrow (hematopoietic cells). (vechnayamolodost.ru)

Anatomy50

Organisms12

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs83

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment45

Phenomena and Processes64

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Differentiation28

Proliferation15

Tissues17

Genes8

Pathways5

Proteins4

Resistant to apoptosis2

Mouse embryonic1

Mammalian6

Mitochondrial4

Tumor cells5

Regulates1

Mesenchymal4

Adult15

Hematopoietic stem3

Oxidative5

Autophagy7

Endothelial cells2

Self-renewal4

Regulation7

Survival2

Germ4

Differentiate into various1

Progenitor6

Pluripotent8

Vitro5

Progression3

Tissue10

Therapies5

Ability to differentiate1

Carcinoma cells2

Biology2

Therapeutic6

Regenerative1

Proliferative5

Nuclei3

Reproductive1

Cellular senescence3

Metabolism5

Telomerase activity4

Embryos3

Characteristics2

Cancer19

Reprogram1

Regulator1

Senescence3

Human14

Oocyte2

Totipotent1

Mutations4

Replication2

Signals8

Cancers1

Involves2

Evasion1

Viability2

Lineages1

Arrest1

Immune1

Mice5

Therapy4

Development9

Epigenetic1

Molecular3

Affects1

Indefinitely1

20231

Epithelial1

Bone marrow1