Stem cells germ cell differentiation occurs differentiation of cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Predicated on the observation that meiosis and intimate differentiation may appear when primordial germ cells stray in to the section of the adrenal gland, the primordial germ cell continues to be regarded as responsible for its licensing. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
We found that in the lack of the genital ridge, primordial germ cells migrate over the correctly developing embryo, but of going through licensing rather, these cells retain their primordial germ cell features. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
In brevity, the oogonium (the female primordial germ cell) undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid egg cells. (biologyonline.com)
Quintessentially, the spermatogonium (the male primordial germ cell) will go through meiosis to give rise to four haploid sperm cells. (biologyonline.com)
Factors that alter the differentiation of the primordial germ cell, resulting in the presence of an embryonal stem cell, can increase the risk of NSGCT. (medscape.com)

These transcription factors cause the pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells to select a germ layer fate. (wikipedia.org)
It thoroughly investigated the unique ability of mouse embryonic stem cells to develop into cells of any organ ("pluripotency"), created new tools for functional genomic studies and thus provided key knowledge to understanding the commitment of cells to differentiate into cells of a particular germ layer. (europa.eu)
Using a novel iterative framework developed in a companion manuscript, we have analyzed single-cell RNA-seq data obtained from mouse embryonic stem cells taken at various time points during early germ layer differentiation to identify cell types as well as the lineage relationships between these individual cell types. (harvard.edu)

Mouse nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells (NT-ESCs) were first established in 2000, and then proved to be able to differentiate either in vivo or in vitro, and give rise to individual tissues through germ line transmission or tetraploid complementation. (benthamscience.com)
Our findings reveal that cell types found during early in vitro germ layer differentiation are discrete both transcriptionally as well as functionally. (harvard.edu)
Although the genome-wide histone modification landscapes of mouse in vivo germ cells and in vitro PGCLCs have been profiled and several germline-specific properties of epigenetic reprogramming have been revealed, the study of genome-scale chromatin states in human FGCs is still challenging, due to the scarcity of materials and technical difficulties. (nature.com)
Garcia-Castro noted the study also establishes a novel in vitro specification test to determine the differentiation capacity of specified neural crest cells into other germ layers such as mesoderm and endoderm cell types . (phys.org)
Here, we present the most relevant advances in in vitro gametogenesis of interest to livestock science, including new types of pluripotent stem cells with potential for germline derivation, characterization of the signaling environment in the gonadal niche, and experimental systems used to reproduce different stages of germ cell development in the laboratory. (bvsalud.org)
Accelerated uptake of ESC based cell therapy on in vivo and in vitro principle is expected to fuel growth through to 2024. (grandviewresearch.com)
Human testisderived cells (hTCs) are suitable candidates for the initiation of in-vitro spermatogenesis for these types of patients. (ijfs.ir)
As of 2004, several studies have shown that embryonic stem cells may restore the spermatogenesis and functional sperms in mouse and human, known as in vitro gametogenesis (IVG) (2-4). (ijfs.ir)
We created an in vitro model of acquired cisplatin resistance by long term exposure of three well established germ cell tumor cell lines to cisplatin, resulting in sublines with significantly increased resistance to cisplatin. (biomedcentral.com)

FUNGENES identified the gene subsets that are active in self-renewing cells, during the exit from pluripotency and at specific stages of mouse ES cell differentiation. (europa.eu)
Moreover, we find that the distal NDRs are enriched specifically for binding motifs of the pluripotency and germ cell master regulators such as NANOG, SOX17, AP2γ and OCT4 in human FGCs, indicating the existence of a delicate regulatory balance between pluripotency-related genes and germ cell-specific genes in human FGCs, and the functional significance of these genes for germ cell development in vivo . (nature.com)
According to this model, a sequential loss of pluripotency markers occurs during the pluripotent stem cell state as cells transition to neural crest cells. (phys.org)
That is, in stem cell niche, stem cell progeny become transit amplifying(TA) cells and then turn into post mitotic cells when they lose pluripotency. (idnps.com)
TA cell population include young TA cells with high pluripotency and more mature TA cells that lose pluripotency in a matter of a few hours. (idnps.com)
In contrast primed pluripotency occurs in cells such as epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) that can form teratomas but can rarely form chimeras [1-3]. (ecolowood.com)
These observations suggest that P19 and F9 ECCs resemble different pluripotent states a feature that has been successfully used in cell fusion reprogramming experiments to decipher the mechanisms underlying cellular pluripotency and reprogramming [14 15 In the current study we investigated the relationship between the pluripotency state and the reprogramming potential. (ecolowood.com)
We found that EpiSCs and P19 ECCs typically exhibit a lower reprogramming potential than ESCs and F9 ECCs respectively demonstrating that cell types presenting na?ve pluripotency have a higher reprogramming potential. (ecolowood.com)
Results EpiSCs exhibit a low reprogramming potential ESCs and EpiSCs exhibit features of pluripotency as evidenced by the ability to differentiate into cell types of all three germ layers [1 3 Though previous reports have thoroughly characterized the potential of ESCs to reprogram somatic cells using cell fusion [14 15 the reprogramming potential of EpiSCs have not been assessed yet. (ecolowood.com)
Moreover, in parallel, several groups have demonstrated the pluripotency of germ-line stem cells (GSCs) following SSCs culture in rodents, though, there is a debate about pluripotency of GSCs in primates and humans (5). (ijfs.ir)
Specialized iPSCs are reprogrammed from adult skin or infant cord blood cells and can become any cell type in the body - a condition called pluripotency that mimics the function of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). (neurosciencenews.com)
Pluripotency can be tested to determine if iPSC lines are able to form what are called teratomas - benign tumors made up of different cell types (teeth, bone, brain, etc. (neurosciencenews.com)
Oct3/4 acts to keep pluripotency in the internal cell mass (ICM) from the blastocyst. (biopaqc.com)

The study used a robust human model of neural crest formation to demonstrate a fast transition from the pluripotent stem cell state to the neural crest precursor state. (phys.org)
Our work demonstrates that neural crest cells depart from the pluripotent stem cell state soon after the activation of Wnt signaling, an ancient and evolutionarily conserved pathway that regulates crucial aspects of the cell," he said. (phys.org)
Induced pluripotent stem cells are a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated directly from a somatic cell. (scitechdaily.com)
A pluripotent stem cell is a cell capable of giving rise to various precursors that eventually will acquire specific identity and physiological function via a process called differentiation . (biologyonline.com)

During mammalian development, embryonic stem cells undergo cell-fate decisions to commit to one of three germ layer lineages: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. (harvard.edu)
A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell that can undergo an asymmetric self-renewal division to produce one descendant like itself and one descendant whose progeny ultimately differentiate into a defined cell type( Fuchs and Segre, 2000 ). (biologists.com)
During gastrulation, as the epiblast cells migrate through the primitive streak, they undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition and form the mesoderm. (mechanobio.info)
However, these germ cells didn't undergo licensing and maintained qualities of PGCs instead. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
BACKGROUND: We recently published evidence to suggest that two populations of stem cells including very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) and ovarian stem cells (OSCs) in ovary surface epithelium (OSE) undergo proliferation/differentiation, germ cell nests (GCN) formation, meiosis and eventually differentiate into oocytes that assemble as primordial follicles on regular basis during estrus cycle. (bvsalud.org)
Cancer A clonal growth (cells all descended from one ancestral cell) that undergo continuing mitotic divisions and are not inhibited in their growth when they come in contact with neighboring cells (contact inhibition). (agemed.org)
As a major part of differentiation, sperm undergo extensive post-meiotic maturation en route to the oocyte. (silverchair.com)

In 1817, Heinz Christian Pander discovered three primordial germ layers while studying chick embryos. (wikipedia.org)
The mesoderm germ layer forms in the embryos of triploblastic animals. (wikipedia.org)
Depending on the source, stem cells can be classified into two broad categories i.e. embryonic stem cells that are derived from embryos and non-embryonic stem cells that are derived from adult and fetal tissues. (benthamscience.com)
Last year, researchers at the University of California, Riverside, identified the early origins of neural crest cells-embryonic cells in vertebrates that travel throughout the body and generate many cell types-in chick embryos. (phys.org)
This is where stem cells are reverse engineered from adult tissue cells rather than using live human or animal embryos. (scitechdaily.com)
In another article, which was recently published in Nature Cell Biology , researchers from UNSW Medicine & Health revealed the identity of cells in mice embryos responsible for blood stem cell creation. (scitechdaily.com)
For instance, in mouse embryos this occurs as early as day 6.5 post fertilization and involves the development of a population of cardiac precursor cells in the lateral posterior epiblast just prior to formation of the primitive streak - a structure which marks the beginning of gastrulation. (mechanobio.info)
TIF) pgen.1005019.s001.tif (1.4M) GUID:?7DA4691B-692C-4318-B0FD-9162455064E0 S2 Fig: Germ cells in cKO (soma-specific Cre) embryos usually do not express DAZL or MVH. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
TIF) pgen.1005019.s003.tif (2.4M) GUID:?6B67ED8C-7D8D-4CF1-A4AF-BB5037290D25 S4 Fig: Germ cells in KO embryos, but complete degeneration occurs by E15.5 [30]. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
Abstract In mouse embryos at mid-gestation, primordial germ cells (PGCs) go through licensing to be Loxapine gametogenesis-competent cells (GCCs), attaining the capability for meiotic initiation and intimate differentiation. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
Right here we check the hypothesis that germ cell licensing is certainly cell-autonomous by evaluating the fate of PGCs in conditional mutant (cKO) mouse embryos. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
For instance, Science University and Oregon Health are engaged in developing blastocyst staged embryos of around 150 cells in order to provide hESC source. (grandviewresearch.com)

In all vertebrates, these progenitor cells differentiate into all adult tissues and organs. (wikipedia.org)
Eggs are formed from progenitor germ cells that exit the mitotic cycle, thereby ending their ability to proliferate through cell division, and subsequently enter meiosis, a process unique to the formation of eggs and sperm which removes one half of the genetic material from each type of cell prior to fertilization. (science20.com)
While traditional thinking has held that female mammals are born with all of the eggs they will ever have, newer research has demonstrated that adult mouse and human ovaries contain a rare population of progenitor germ cells called oogonial stem cells capable of dividing and generating new oocytes. (science20.com)
Researchers traced the number of divisions a cell has undergone with age (its 'depth') and counted the number of times progenitor germ cells divided before becoming oocytes. (science20.com)
In a new assessment of the work by Shapiro and colleagues, reproductive biologists Dori Woods, Evelyn Telfer and Jonathan Tilly conclude that the most plausible explanation for these findings is that progenitor germ cells in ovaries continue to divide throughout reproductive life, resulting in production of new oocytes with greater depth as animals age. (science20.com)
Adult stem cells can be used to accelerate bone or tendon healing , and they can induce cartilage progenitor cells to produce a better matrix and repair cartilage damage . (thefutureofthings.com)
Part of the Progenitor Cell Biology Consortium, the scientists are working to make sure this growing area of medical research is grounded in safe and sound science. (neurosciencenews.com)
B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)

Its major objective was to produce a gene expression atlas covering the development of ES cells into all three germ layers (ecto-, meso-, and endoderm) and into somatic cells. (europa.eu)
Understanding the genetic pathways underlying differentiation of ES cells to somatic cells would contribute to future therapeutic strategies for degenerative diseases such as heart disease, diabetes and Parkinson's. (europa.eu)
In contrast to the above model, we find that an enhancer trap inserted near the Dpp target gene, Daughters against Dpp ( Dad ), is expressed in additional somatic cells within the germarium,suggesting that Dpp protein may be distributed throughout the anterior germarium. (biologists.com)
Two or three GSCs lie at the anterior tip of the germarium in contact with somatic CpCs and in close apposition to somatic terminal filament (TF) cells. (biologists.com)
A somatic cell is any biological cell forming the body of a multicellular organism other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte, or undifferentiated stem cell. (scitechdaily.com)
In somatic cells, the activity of telomerase, a reverse transcriptase that can elongate telomeric repeats, is usually diminished after birth so that the telomere length is gradually shortened with cell divisions, and triggers cellular senescence. (nature.com)
Thus, even in stem cells, except for embryonal stem cells and cancer stem cells, telomere shortening occurs during replicative ageing, possibly at a slower rate than that in normal somatic cells. (nature.com)
Telomeric DNA consists of short guanine-rich repeat sequences in all eukaryotes with linear chromosomes, and its length in human somatic cells is remarkably heterogeneous among individuals ranging from 5 to 20 kb, according to age, organ, and the proliferative history of each cell ( Wright and Shay, 2005 ). (nature.com)
In most human somatic cells except for stem cells and lymphocytes, telomerase activity is diminished after birth so that telomere length shortens with each cell division. (nature.com)
Our outcomes indicate that licensing isn't cell-autonomous but is certainly induced with the somatic genital ridge purely. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
Soon, a somatic cell could be converted into human sex cells. (biologyonline.com)
In essence, our body consists of two major types of cells - one group involved directly in reproducing sexually (called sex cells ) and another group that are not (called somatic cells ). (biologyonline.com)
The somatic cells, in turn, are the cells in the body that have varying functions, such as nourishing the sex cells as well as keeping the body thriving and functional. (biologyonline.com)
In humans, a sex cell may be identified from a somatic cell in being a haploid cell. (biologyonline.com)
That means a sex cell would have half the number of chromosomes as that of a somatic cell. (biologyonline.com)
Hence, an egg cell or a sperm cell would have 23 chromosomes whereas a somatic cell would have 46. (biologyonline.com)
Intrinsically, a human somatic cell that has " differentiated " could never become a sex cell just as a sex cell could neither become nor give rise to a somatic cell. (biologyonline.com)
Japanese researchers have, for the first time, successfully converted a somatic cell into a sex cell precursor. (biologyonline.com)
If, in the future, research on the conversion of a somatic cell into a sex cell pushes through to completion, it could lead to significant resolves to infertility issues. (biologyonline.com)
These elements include somatic cells (such as Leydig cells, myoid cells, and Sertoli cells), extracellular matrix (ECM) components (including laminin, collagen type IV and collagen type I), as well as growth factors and hormones [including bFGF, glial cell-derived nerve factor, glial cellderived nerve factor (GDNF), and testosterone] that are capable of forming a complex microenvironment where spermatogenesis occurs (6). (ijfs.ir)
Because the reprogramming of adult human terminally differentiated somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) became possible in 2007, only eight years have passed. (biopaqc.com)

Teratomas are embryonal tumors that normally arise from germ cells and are typically benign. (asu.edu)
Non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs) develop from more differentiated counterparts of embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues. (bvsalud.org)
Moreover, the hASCs presented normal karyotype undergoing senescence, and did not form in vivo tumors, eliminating the possibility that spontaneous immortalization of hASCs had occurred with pooled allogeneic human serum. (biomedcentral.com)
Teratomas, benign tumors containing the developing cells of different body parts, allowed researchers to see if the iPSCs could form the body's three basic germ cell lines - endoderm (gut region), ectoderm (epidermis, nerve tissue, etc.) and mesoderm (muscles, blood cells, etc. (neurosciencenews.com)
Moreover, we describe for the first time an association of the up-regulation of micro-RNA species such as hsa-miR-512-3p/-515/-517/-518/-525 and down-regulation of hsa-miR-99a/-100/-145 with a cisplatin resistant phenotype in human germ cell tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
Our approach was designed to characterize the role of micro-RNAs on the presumably multifactorial phenomenon of acquired cisplatin resistance in germ cell tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
Cancer cells often spread (or metastasize ) throughout the body by way of the bloodstream or lymphatic vessels to form tumors in new locations beyond the primary site of origin. (agemed.org)
Such tumors may arise in males of nearly any age and may be of germ cell or non-germ cell origin. (medscape.com)
This article addresses the demographics, histology, prognosis, and treatment of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs). (medscape.com)
germ cell tumors , non-germ cell tumors, and extragonadal tumors . (medscape.com)
Germ cell tumors, which are the most common, are classified as either seminoma or nonseminoma, based on histology. (medscape.com)
Of the three main types of testicular cancer, nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs) are second only to seminomas in terms of frequency. (medscape.com)
Cancerous tissues (malignancies) can be divided into those of the blood and blood-forming tissues (leukemias and lymphomas) and "solid" tumors (a solid mass of cells). (msdmanuals.com)

Gonadoblastoma is an uncommon tumor that occurs almost exclusively in persons with a disorder of sex development (DSD). (medscape.com)
INTRODUCTION: Intracranial germ cell tumor (iGCT) is a rare disorder and often occurs during childhood and adolescence. (bvsalud.org)
We compared microRNA expression patterns in three cisplatin resistant sublines derived from paternal cisplatin sensitive germ cell tumor cell lines in order to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of cisplatin resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Three cisplatin resistant sublines (NTERA-2-R, NCCIT-R, 2102EP-R) showing 2.7-11.3-fold increase in drug resistance after intermittent exposure to increasing doses of cisplatin were compared to their parental counterparts, three well established relatively cisplatin sensitive germ cell tumor cell lines (NTERA-2, NCCIT, 2102EP). (biomedcentral.com)
The hsa-miR-371-373 cluster (counteracting cellular senescence and linked with differentiation potency), as well as hsa-miR-520c/-520h (inhibiting the tumor suppressor p21) were 3.9-16.3 fold up-regulated in two of the three cisplatin resistant cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
The paternal cell lines are (1) the p53-wt (wild type) pluripotent gonadal germ cell tumor cell line NTERA-2, (2) the p53-mutated pluripotent extragonadal nonseminomatous germ cell tumor cell line NCCIT and (3) the p53-wt nullipotent embryonal cell carcinoma 2102EP, derived from a primary human testicular teratocarcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Ovarian cancer stem cells that reside within the tumor play a role in cancer recurrence and progression. (biomedres.us)
As cancerous cells grow and multiply, they form a mass of cancerous tissue-called a tumor-that invades and destroys normal adjacent tissues. (msdmanuals.com)

However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they "de-differentiate" and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. (jove.com)
These systems promoted the development of precursor blood stem cells which can differentiate into various blood components - white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, and others. (scitechdaily.com)
Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into all types of cells. (idnps.com)
Stem cells in aged ovaries can differentiate into oocytes upon transplantation into young ovaries, however, it is still not well understood why follicles get depleted with advancing age despite the presence of stem cells. (bvsalud.org)
P19 ECCs maintain a male euploid karyotype and can differentiate into all three germ layers indicating that they are pluripotent [10]. (ecolowood.com)
At the top of the list comes the zygote-a fertilized egg, which of course has the ability to divide and differentiate into all cell types in the body and create a new organism. (thefutureofthings.com)
As the embryonic cells divide and the daughter cells differentiate, they become increasingly specific. (thefutureofthings.com)
The ICM continues to differentiate into three germ layers-ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, each of which follows a specific developmental destiny that takes them along an ever-specifying path at which end the daughter cells will make up the different organs of the human body. (thefutureofthings.com)
These adult stem cells are considered multipotent, having the ability to differentiate into different cell types, albeit with a more limited repertoire than embryonic stem cells. (thefutureofthings.com)
A particular field encouraged by the foundation is stem-cell research, with the great hope that it will result in the ability to get cells to differentiate into neurons and support cells to bridge the gap of a spinal cord injury. (thefutureofthings.com)
The approach adopted by researchers at TU Berlin for the natural growth of third teeth is as simple as it is ingenious: They remove dental pulp cells from the interior of an extracted tooth, which they then cultivate and de-differentiate in such a way as to produce an active embryonic tooth germ. (bionity.com)
Stem cells (SCs) are undifferentiated cells with self-renewal ability and capacity to differentiate into specialized cell types. (bvsalud.org)
Due to the ability to self-renew and to differentiate into cells that are found throughout the body, there is a great interest in using stem cells for the regeneration of injured tissues as well as to develop tissue-engineered implants and bio-hybrid organs, in order to restore tissue function. (bvsalud.org)

Some animals, like cnidarians, produce two germ layers (the ectoderm and endoderm) making them diploblastic. (wikipedia.org)
Diploblastic animals, Cnidaria and Ctenophora, show an increase in compartmentalization, having two germ layers, the endoderm and ectoderm. (wikipedia.org)
The endoderm is one of the germ layers formed during animal embryonic development. (wikipedia.org)
Cells migrating inward along the archenteron form the inner layer of the gastrula, which develops into the endoderm. (wikipedia.org)
The endoderm consists at first of flattened cells, which subsequently become columnar. (wikipedia.org)
During gastrulation, some of the cells migrating inward contribute to the mesoderm, an additional layer between the endoderm and the ectoderm. (wikipedia.org)
The specification test involves exposing the potentially specified cells to precise level of signals that stimulate the formation of other germ layers such as mesoderm and endoderm from pluripotent embryonic stem cells. (phys.org)
Being pluripotent means iPSCs can generate cells from each of the three basic germ cell lines that form the body - endoderm (gut region), ectoderm (epidermis, nerve tissue, etc.) and mesoderm (muscles, blood cells, etc. (neurosciencenews.com)
Although interspecies distinctions in cell-type particular factors exist, eventually and pursuing implantation and gastrulation, 3 specific germ levels emerge: endoderm (which forms the liner of organs), mesoderm (gives rise to bone tissue, muscle tissue, and vasculature), and ectoderm (that results the anxious system and epidermis). (biopaqc.com)
CACNA1C Later on, the internal cell mass provides rise towards the epiblast (cells that communicate Oct3/4 and Nanog) and endoderm (expressing Oct3/4 and GATA4). (biopaqc.com)

In particular, FUNGENES identified genes controlling the development of pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells into heart cells (cardiomyocytes), nerve cells (neurons), smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, fat cells (adipocytes), liver cells (hepatocytes) and insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. (europa.eu)
Then, typically, genes for transcription factors, are delivered by viral vectors into the cell nuclei, where they are incorporated into the genome. (jove.com)
The transcription factors then turn on genes that are expressed by embryonic stem cells. (jove.com)
Then, genes for multiple transcription factors are delivered into the cells using a viral vector, and the transcription factor proteins are expressed using the cell's machinery. (jove.com)
The transcription factors then turn on many other genes that are expressed by embryonic stem cells, returning the cells to an undifferentiated, proliferative, and pluripotent state. (jove.com)
This includes some cell lines contaminated with bacteria or carrying genes and mutations associated with cancer. (neurosciencenews.com)
The cells were generated with a variety of genes, methods and cells of origin, such as adult skin or infant cord blood cells. (neurosciencenews.com)
The different methods included a variety of reprogramming genes, vectors (engineered viruses that deliver genetic material to cells), or the use of plasmids (small DNA molecules that can deliver reprogramming genes). (neurosciencenews.com)
Cells become cancerous by accumulating, stepwise, a series of several mutations that alter the function of genes important for cell growth. (agemed.org)
Among the top ten genes preferentially enriched in these cells, Foxc2 was the only one to code for a protein exclusively present in the nucleus of uSPGs that also expressed ZBTB16, a protein important for SSCs to self-renew. (elifesciences.org)
This finding is consistent with the fact that many FOXC2-regulated genes are involved in cell cycle arrest. (elifesciences.org)
After 10 weeks, exercised and non-exercised males were sampled to determine plasma 11-ketotestosterone levels, testicular mRNA expression levels of genes involved in steroidogenesis and gametogenesis by qPCR, as well as the relative abundance of germ cells representing the different spermatogenic stages by histological examination. (biomedcentral.com)
Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)

In mice, germ layer differentiation is controlled by two transcription factors: Sox2 and Oct4 proteins. (wikipedia.org)
This allowed us to essentially map out a lineage tree in gene expression space that describes the continuous gene expression dynamics of early germ layer differentiation. (harvard.edu)

A germ layer is a primary layer of cells that forms during embryonic development. (wikipedia.org)
Neural crest cells have been thought to originate in the ectoderm, one of the three germ layers formed in the earliest stages of embryonic development, but their capacity to form derivatives, such as bone- and tooth-forming cells, are in conflict with fundamental concepts in developmental and stem cell biology. (phys.org)
Part of the problem is that we still don't fully understand all the processes going on in the microenvironment during embryonic development that leads to the creation of blood stem cells at about day 32 in the embryonic development," Dr. Li said. (scitechdaily.com)
Cardiac specification occurs very early on during embryonic development. (mechanobio.info)

Importantly, using our novel specification test we found that prospective neural crest cells lose the mesodermal and endodermal potential characteristic of pluripotent stem cells just hours upon their induction. (phys.org)
a) Neural induction: neuroectoderm (neural dish) differentiation occurs consuming the AVE. The mesodermal cells begin. (biopaqc.com)
Sarcomas are cancers of mesodermal cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Germ layers eventually give rise to all of an animal's tissues and organs through the process of organogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
This is called autologous transplantation, and it reduces the risk of transplant rejection that can occur when tissues are transplanted between individuals. (jove.com)
They are defined as being composed either of tissues that are foreign to the area in which they form, or of tissues that derive from all three of the germ layers. (asu.edu)
These stem cells are assumed to be extensively involved in generating dermal and follicle fat, blood vessels, connective tissues and glial cells. (idnps.com)
Stem cells derived through such techniques can be converted into liver, nerve, and heart tissues. (grandviewresearch.com)
Applicability for inducing differentiation into a wide range of tissues is attributive to the largest share of regenerative medicine. (grandviewresearch.com)
In addition to their ability to supply cells at the turnover rate of their respective tissues, they can be stimulated to repair injured tissue caused by liver damage, skin abrasions and blood loss. (thefutureofthings.com)
The ability of our body to regenerate some of its tissues is largely owed to the reserves of adult stem cells. (thefutureofthings.com)
The use of hASCs for therapeutic applications has grown substantially in the last years, because the use of stem cells from adult tissues circumvent some ethical issues associated with the application of embryonic stem cells, and because of their accessibility via isolation from lipoaspirates, a disposable byproduct of cosmetic surgery. (biomedcentral.com)
In human postnatal dental tissues, five main sources of DSCs have been identified: dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), 11 stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), 12 periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), 13 dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) 14 and stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs). (bvsalud.org)
The cells have lost normal control mechanisms and thus are able to multiply continuously, invade nearby tissues, migrate to distant parts of the body, and promote the growth of new blood vessels from which the cells derive nutrients. (msdmanuals.com)

During the next stage, cleavage, mitotic cell divisions transform the zygote into a hollow ball of cells, a blastula. (wikipedia.org)
In the human embryo, after about three days, the zygote forms a solid mass of cells by mitotic division, called a morula. (wikipedia.org)
The first three divisions of the zygote give birth to eight totipotent cells, each of which also has the ability to become an entire organism. (thefutureofthings.com)
The introduction of a human being starts with fertilization, a process in which two highly specialized skin cells, the spermatozoon from the male and the oocyte from the female, unite to offer rise to a new organism, the zygote. (e-vocable.com)
At fertilization, the sperm cell and the egg cell unite to form a diploid cell (called zygote). (biologyonline.com)
3,4 The zygote and cells derived from the first two cellular divisions constitute the most primitive cells (totipotent cells) that are capable of forming the embryo and the embryonic annexes (e.g. placenta, amniotic membranes etc). (bvsalud.org)

Prenatal development encompasses the intricate physiological processes that occur during pregnancy, shaping the growth and maturation of the developing fetus. (fnps-society.org)
Dazl can regulate the expression, transport and localization of target mRNAs of proteins which control the differentiation, growth and maturation of germ cells. (ijbs.com)

Germ cell licensing continues to be regarded as a gonad-independent and cell-autonomous event, predicated on observations that some PGCs, having migrated never to the gonad but towards the adrenal gland, non-etheless enter meiosis in a period body parallel to ovarian germ cells - and perform so whatever the sex from the embryo. (cancer-ecosystem.com)

So when I was recently contacted by an earnest and amiable member of a local school board who was concerned about the questionable manner in which the issue of "stem cell" research - both human embryonic and adult - was presented to the high school students in his district in a currently-used science textbook, I agreed to evaluate that section in the text for him. (lifeissues.net)
In my opinion there is no question but that the scientific information on stem cell research included in this science text book being used in Illinois schools incorporates some inaccurate scientific facts, and seems to be very partial to the use of human embryonic "stem cell" research. (lifeissues.net)
The global Human Embryonic Stem Cells market size was valued at USD 494.7 million in 2015. (grandviewresearch.com)
Variation in the policies across the globe is expected to impact the global human embryonic stem cell market development. (grandviewresearch.com)
In rodents, and even in some preliminary trials in humans, human embryonic stem cells have been shown to bridge gaps in spinal cord injuries , allowing restoration of motor functions. (thefutureofthings.com)
Researchers also compared the molecular and functional characteristics of iPSCs to human embryonic stem cells, which are used sparingly as a gold standard for benchmarking quality. (neurosciencenews.com)

Stem cells are emerging as an important source of material for diseases in regenerative medicine. (benthamscience.com)
The study of biology of stem cells is the hallmark of the recent emerging field of regenerative medicine and medical biotechnology. (benthamscience.com)
The knowledge of the precise time and molecular signals involved, when exactly the neural crest acquires the potential to form jaw and tooth cells, for example, will enable scientists to replicate and modulate their potential in stem cell therapies designed to aid regenerative craniofacial repair approaches, among many others. (phys.org)
These achievements are part of a move in regenerative medicine towards the use of 'induced pluripotent stem cells' to treat disease. (scitechdaily.com)
The differentiated cells are further used for therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine. (grandviewresearch.com)
As the promise of using regenerative stem cell therapies draws closer, a consortium of biomedical scientists reports about 30 percent of induced pluripotent stem cells they analyzed from 10 research institutions were genetically unstable and not safe for clinical use. (neurosciencenews.com)
In recent years, with increasing interest being directed toward cultured cell-based production of vaccines, and in vivo proteins such as enzymes, hormones, antibodies and cytokines, as well as cell grafts for use in regenerative medicine, greater focus has been placed on efficient and convenient methodologies for mass cell culturing. (justia.com)
We conclude by talking about open questions associated with these concepts and exactly how their quality might provide to fortify the guarantee of pluripotent stem cells in regenerative medication. (biopaqc.com)
Conclusion: stem cells from dental origin are an interesting alternative for research and application in regenerative therapies in Dentistry. (bvsalud.org)
The use of ASCs in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering research has important advantages in comparison with ESCs, since there are no ethical complications and the process of differentiation of these cells is better controlled. (bvsalud.org)
8,9 Because dental stem cells (DSCs) are easy to obtain and present a great potential of differentiation, there has been a growing interest in their use in regenerative medicine for treatment of various human diseases. (bvsalud.org)

Various follicle stem cells have so far been found to exist at the sebaceous gland, including epidermal stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and melanin stem cells.The follicle can be called a reservoir of stem cells. (idnps.com)
We previously reported that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), through local injection upon testicular torsion-detorsion, restored the spermatogenesis without differentiation into sperm. (biomedcentral.com)
We previously explored that local injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 30 min before surgical detorsion was applicable to prevent testicular torsion-induced I/R injury on germ cell and maintain the spermatogenesis at acute stage. (biomedcentral.com)
In fact, low levels of telomerase activity have been found in human adult stem cells including haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic stem cells such as neuronal, skin, intestinal crypt, mammary epithelial, pancreas, adrenal cortex, kidney, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ( Table 1 ). (nature.com)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are ASCs, and were first described in 1966 by Friedenstein et al. (bvsalud.org)

Current theories of histogenesis of iGCTs include germ cell theory (from primordial germ cells (PGCs) of aberrant migration) and stem cell theory (transformed embryonic stem (ES) cells). (bvsalud.org)
DISCUSSION: In "germ cell theory," transformation of ectopic PGCs to iGCT is complex and involves multiple transcription factors. (bvsalud.org)
ES cells transformed from ectopic PGCs through molecular dysregulation or de-differentiation may become the source of iGCT. (bvsalud.org)
CONCLUSION: Transformation of PGCs to ES cells is the most logical mechanism for histogenesis of iGCT. (bvsalud.org)
Depending on the species, DAZL is expressed in primordial germ cells (PGCs) and/or pre-meiotic and meiotic germ cells of both sexes. (ijbs.com)

By 5 weeks' gestation, the path of gonadal differentiation is directed by the chromosomal sex of the fetus and, thereafter, the phenotypic sexual development of the individual. (medscape.com)

The response of both the male and female changes with development of the embryonic to the adult gonad, and with differentiation and maturation in the adult. (archive.org)
The primordial germ cells, early oocytes, and differentiating spermatogonia of the adult male are unusually sensitive to the cytotoxic action of noxious agents, but each agent elicits a specific response owing to the intricate biochemical and physiological changes associated with development and maturation of the gametes. (archive.org)

enabling direct and non-invasive measurements of the dynamics of differentiation, and thus the investigation of many new and exciting frontiers in developmental biology regarding how the dynamics of differentiation are regulated. (harvard.edu)
Spermatogenesis is a vital developmental phenomenon in which the production of haploid male gametes from diploid spermatogonia occurs in mammalian testes. (ijfs.ir)
DAZ family proteins are located in the nucleus and/or in the cytoplasm of male and female germ cells at different developmental stages throughout the gametogenesis. (ijbs.com)
1. The Developmental Roots of the Anxious System: A SYNOPSIS The procedure of neurodevelopment can be spatiotemporally controlled and necessitates sequential, intensifying limitations in cell destiny. (biopaqc.com)
Figures ?Statistics11 and 2(a) describe developmental procedures involved in standards from the 3 germ levels. (biopaqc.com)

These antibodies have the potential to cross the placenta and attach to fetal red blood cells, resulting in hemolysis, or destruction of the fetus 's red blood cells. (asu.edu)
However, the comprehensive chromatin state has not yet been analyzed for human fetal germ cells (FGCs). (nature.com)
Here we use nucleosome occupancy and methylation sequencing method to analyze both the genome-wide chromatin accessibility and DNA methylome at a series of crucial time points during fetal germ cell development in both human and mouse. (nature.com)
This activated stem cells in the wound and triggered molecular reactions similar to the fetal development which led to de novo generation of follicles and eventual hair growth. (idnps.com)
Fetal bovine serum is the supplement most widely used for cell culture, but it has disadvantages and it is not safe for cell therapy due to the risks of pathogen transmission and immune reaction. (biomedcentral.com)

Second row (to remaining), in the past due mouse blastocyst Cdx2 positive cells bring about the extraembryonic ectoderm and ectoplacental cone. (biopaqc.com)

By contrast, mammalian embryonic stem cells and many cancerous and 'immortalized' cell lines divide symmetrically, and yet replicate indefinitely. (sheldrake.org)
2012) Cell lineage analysis of the mammalian female germline. (science20.com)
The early mammalian embryo consists of the extra-embryonic cell layers-the trophoblast and a body of cells called the inner cell mass (ICM), which eventually become the embryo proper. (thefutureofthings.com)

The neural crest is an important embryonic cell population in the developing embryo that generates cells such as neurons, glia, and melanocytes, along with cells that make up bone and cartilage. (phys.org)
The thing that just wows me about this is that blood stem cells, when they form in the embryo, form in the wall of the main vessel called the aorta. (scitechdaily.com)
Cardiomyocytes are the chief cell type in the heart and their coordinated contraction as a mass is responsible for the pumping of blood around the developing embryo. (mechanobio.info)
Author Overview During embryonic advancement, stem cell-like primordial germ cells travel over the developing embryo towards the genital ridge, gives rise towards the gonad. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
P19 is an embryonic carcinoma cell (ECC) line derived from a 7.5 days post coitum (d.p.c.) embryo that was transplanted into the testis [10]. (ecolowood.com)
However, implementation remains a controversial topic due to diverse views in context to the moral and legal status of early embryo cell lines. (grandviewresearch.com)
What is an Embryo in Wanting Stem Cell Research? (e-vocable.com)
Embryo: the expanding organism through the time of feeding until significant differentiation has occurred, if the organism turns into known as a baby. (e-vocable.com)
Embryo: The developing person between the union of the germ cells plus the completion of the organs which characterize the body because it becomes a distinct organism. (e-vocable.com)
This process gets rid of unneeded cells and is particularly important for "sculpting" tissue and organ structure during development of the embryo (or larval metamorphosis in insects), but may occur at any time even in adult cells when a tissue needs to be remodeled. (agemed.org)

The ovarian microenvironment affects the proliferation and differentiation of OGSCs, and immune cells and related cytokines are important components of the microenvironment. (biomedcentral.com)
It is worth noting that the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells cannot be separated from the surrounding microenvironment, and immune system related cells are an important part of the microenvironment of the OGSCs nest [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
It is also the place for proliferation and differentiation of transit amplifying cells(TACs) into hair shaft in the anagen phase. (idnps.com)

MSC-secreted stem cell factor (SCF) played a role in promoting spermatogenesis in the recipient [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Conversely, spermatogenesis (i.e. gametogenesis in males) occurs in the testes to yield sperm cells. (biologyonline.com)
This involves spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) dividing to form undifferentiated spermatogonia (uSPGs), which then progress through the meiotic and haploid phases of spermatogenesis to form mature sperm ( de Rooij, 1998 ). (elifesciences.org)
Transplantation experiments have revealed that most cells which can perform the hallmark feature of SSCs (that is, re-establishing full spermatogenesis in testes lacking germ cells) are found within the single uSPG population, but may also be present among paired and aligned progenitors ( Kubota and Brinster, 2018 ). (elifesciences.org)

Human development and sexual differentiation is a complicated but highly organized process. (medscape.com)
Although surprisingly accurate, this complex multistep process is not universally perfect, and errors in sexual differentiation can occur. (medscape.com)

Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)
Although these investigations were performed in mice, there is emerging evidence that oogonial stem cells are also present in the ovaries of reproductive-age women, and these cells possess the capacity, like their mouse counterparts, to generate new oocytes under certain experimental conditions. (science20.com)
They reported that de novo generation of hair follicles is possible using wounding to activate stem cells in adult mice. (idnps.com)
Basically, given the difference of telomere and telomerase activity in human and mouse cells, the telomere and telomerase status in stem cell populations is different between humans and mice ( Harrington, 2004 ). (nature.com)
Despite presence of stem cells, follicles get exhausted with advancing age in mice and result in senescence equivalent to menopause in women. (bvsalud.org)
Following our previous animal studies performed on mice (9, 10), the aim of this study was to evaluate the viability and proliferation of the cells derived from human TESE samples, which were cultivated on a novel threedimensional (3D) nano-scaffold containing human serum albumin (HSA)/tri calcium phosphate nanoparticles (TCP NPs), as examined by MTT and H&E histological staining assays. (ijfs.ir)
New evidence in mice suggests that cells expressing the transcription factor FOXC2 may form a reservoir of quiescent stem cells that contributes to sperm formation. (elifesciences.org)
transplanted a population of uSPGs enriched in these cells into the testes of mice treated with busulfan, a toxic compound that kills endogenous germ cells. (elifesciences.org)
After two months, these animals had generated a much larger number of colonies of differentiating cells compared to control mice which had received a non-enriched uSPG population. (elifesciences.org)
Following initial vacuolization and liquefaction of the lens cortex first observed at postnatal day three, posterior lens rupture occurs in all AND-34 −/− mice, beginning as early as three weeks and seen in all mice at three months. (molvis.org)

The notion of a biological clock in women arises from the fact that immature egg cells- 'oocytes' - progressively decline in number as females get older, along with a decades-old view that oocytes cannot be renewed in mammals after birth. (science20.com)
If traditional thinking held true, all divisions would have occurred prior to birth, and thus all oocytes would exhibit the same depth regardless of age. (science20.com)
b) If continued proliferation of OSCs (red) and their subsequent differentiation into oocytes (blue) during postnatal life is superimposed on the production-line hypothesis, the emerging picture is consistent with a progressive increase in oocyte depth in females as they age. (science20.com)
In the female, the transition to oocytes occurs in utero, and the female mammal is born with a finite number of oocytes that cannot be replaced. (archive.org)

Induced pluripotent stem cells, another types of pluripotent stem cells derived from any tissue by reprogramming and are the homologous source of stem cells. (benthamscience.com)

The available experimental data support the hypothesis that the cap cells(CpCs) at the anterior tip of the germarium form an environmental niche for germline stem cells (GSCs) of the Drosophila ovary. (biologists.com)
The CB upregulates expression of the novel gene, bag of marbles ( bam ), which is necessary for germline differentiation. (biologists.com)
However, Dad-lacZ expression within the germline is present only in GSCs and to a lower level in CBs, suggesting there are mechanisms that actively restrict Dpp signaling in germ cells. (biologists.com)
These data indicate that there are multiple,genetically redundant mechanisms that act within the germline to downregulate Dpp signaling in the Cb and its descendants, and raise the possibility that a Cb and its descendants must become refractory to Dpp signaling in order for germline differentiation to occur. (biologists.com)
Telomerase can add telomeric repeats onto the chromosome ends, and prevents the replication-dependent loss of telomere and cellular senescence in highly proliferative cells of the germline and in the majority of cancers ( Blasco, 2005 ). (nature.com)

This discovery invalidated the "fixation theory of primordial follicle pool" and suggested for the first time the hypothesis that germ stem cells also exist in the ovary. (biomedcentral.com)
In 1974, I published a paper in Nature on the ageing growth and death of cells in which I put forward a new hypothesis that accounts for many of the facts of cellular senescence and regeneration in plants and in animals. (sheldrake.org)
If so, our understanding of cellular senescence, rejuvenation and potential immortality could be brought together in a new synthesis, which I call the cellular rejuvenation hypothesis: damaged cell constituents build up in all cells, but cells can be rejuvenated either by growth and cell division or, in 'immortal' cell lines, by excreting damaged cell constituents. (sheldrake.org)

The hair shaft is synthesized in the precortical hair matrix which is the place of secondary hair germ(SHG) during the telogen phase. (idnps.com)
This sequence in turn can stimulate the proliferation of hair germ cells. (revivserums.com)

All specialized cells originate from stem cells. (benthamscience.com)
GBM originate from poorly differentiated glial cells and have the characteristics of nuclear atypia, cellular polymorphism, and a high degree of mitotic activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Connective tissue sheath(CTS) and dermal papilla(DP) originate from mesynchemal cells and are morphologically different from follicle epidermis. (idnps.com)

It also shows the neural crest lineage is distinct from pluripotent stem cells . (phys.org)
We address the precise timing when pluripotent stem cells diverge toward the neural crest cell lineage by exploring the distinctive molecular and functional attributes of early neural crest cells-something that had never been established," Prasad said. (phys.org)
More specifically, the lineage-tracing experiments showed that FOXC2-producing uSPGs could produce paired uSPGs that would then either divide to form two single uSPGs (including some that retained Foxc2 expression), or form chains of aligned uSPGs containing at most one FOXC2-producing cell ( Figure 1A ). (elifesciences.org)
Even though some interspecies distinctions in both cytoarchitecture and molecular equipment do can be found between mouse and guy, rodent models have got illuminated Palomid 529 key root systems of lineage limitation to a number of cell types. (biopaqc.com)

In recent years, the discovery of ovarian germ stem cells (OGSCs) has provided a new research direction for the treatment of female infertility. (biomedcentral.com)
Niikura [ 5 ] and others observed germ cells expressing Stra8 (stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8) in the ovarian surface epithelium, indicating that there may be germ cells with meiotic function in the ovary. (biomedcentral.com)
Although some reviews are available on this topic, this review is comprehensive and provides novelty as it includes the role of cancer stem cells in ovarian cancer development in addition to other risk factors. (biomedres.us)

We conclude that licensing of embryonic primordial germ cells for gametogenesis would depend on signaling through the genital ridge. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
Our body produces sex cells through the process called gametogenesis . (biologyonline.com)
Oogenesis (i.e. gametogenesis in females) takes place in the ovaries to produce ova or egg cells. (biologyonline.com)

The FUNGENES project aimed to achieve a detailed basic understanding of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. (europa.eu)
However, FOXC2-producing uSPGs were also capable of self-renewal, forming cells which feature genetic markers associated with SSCs. (elifesciences.org)

In this study, molecular mechanisms of MSCs in regulating germ cell activity induced by testicular torsion-detorsion were investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
Human stem cell factor contributed the activation of Akt/GSK3 axis when sperm suffered from testicular torsion-detorsion-induced germ cell injury. (biomedcentral.com)
Testicular torsion is an urology emergency and which threats 1/4000 of male population younger than 25 years old with infertility as a sequela of germ cell ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, in a cord twisting higher than 360° plus symptom duration more than 24 h, complete or severe testicular atrophy is inevitable due to cell necrosis starting from 4 h after testicular torsion. (biomedcentral.com)
In our series studies, animal model with severe cell necrosis in testis was created by a 720° testicular torsion for 3 h. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells harvested from the testicular sperm extraction (TESE) samples of the azoospermic patients were cultured on the 3D porous scaffolds containing human serum albumin (HSA)/tri calcium phosphate nanoparticles (TCP NPs) for two weeks. (ijfs.ir)
TESE samples were taken after obtaining written informed consent from two non-obstructive azoospermic patients (with the ages of 27 and 36 years) who had rare immotile spermatozoa in testicular biopsies with complete spermatogenic arrest, unremarkable spermatogonia, normal Leydig cells, and normal serum hormones. (ijfs.ir)
Testicular cancer is relatively uncommon, with approximately 8720 new cases predicted to occur in 2016 in the United States. (medscape.com)

A critical length of telomere repeats is required to ensure proper telomere function and avoid the activation of DNA damage pathways that result in replicative senescence or cell death. (nature.com)
These studies have served to highlight the role of AND-34/BCAR3 and p130Cas in cell adhesion and migration signaling pathways. (molvis.org)

It starts from spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in the seminiferous tubules with gradual differentiation toward spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa (1). (ijfs.ir)
By contrast, the gonocytes of the male initiate divisions soon after birth to form the spermatogonial stem cells, which persist throughout reproductive life of the male and are capable of regenerating the seminiferous epithelium after injury. (archive.org)
In the male, a temporary sterile period may be induced owing to destruction of the differentiating spermatogonia, but the stem cells are the most resistant spermatogonial type, are capable of repopulating the seminiferous epithelium, and fertility usually returns. (archive.org)

It was found that ovoid cells in the epithelial layer of the ovary simultaneously expressed the germ cell specific marker MVH and the proliferation of cell marker BrdU using double-immunofluorescence staining. (biomedcentral.com)
Epithelial stem cells are thought to be slow cycle cells with potent proliferation. (idnps.com)
Reliable markers of epithelial stem cell are lacking and many studies used cellular dynamics to distinguish slow-cycling stem cells from faster cycling TA cells.To detect slow-cycling stem cells, tritiated thymidine(3H-T) or bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU) was continuously perfused to distinguish all differentiated cells. (idnps.com)
Expression of AND-34 regulates epithelial cell growth pattern, motility, and growth factor dependence. (molvis.org)
Western blot analysis and in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of AND-34 RNA and protein in lens epithelial cells, particularly at the lens equator. (molvis.org)
While Akt Ser 473 phosphorylation was readily detectable in AND-34 +/+ lens epithelial cells, it was markedly reduced in the AND-34 −/− lens epithelium. (molvis.org)
These results demonstrate the loss of AND-34 dysregulates focal adhesion complex signaling in lens epithelial cells and suggest that AND-34-mediated signaling is required for maintenance of the structural integrity of the adult ocular lens. (molvis.org)

Although they have differentiated cells (e.g. collar cells), they lack true tissue coordination. (wikipedia.org)
For example, retinal cells that could be used to replace damaged retinal tissue. (jove.com)
Callus tissue, in which no vascular differentiation occurs, contains only low cellulase activity. (sheldrake.org)
Study co-author Associate Professor Robert Nordon said he was amazed that not only did the device create blood stem cell precursors that went on to produce differentiated blood cells, but it also created the tissue cells of the embryonic heart environment that is crucial to this process. (scitechdaily.com)
Controlled differentiation that can be achieved in tissue committed cells through the co-culturing with basic fibroblast growth factor is expected to induce growth. (grandviewresearch.com)
Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs) are attractive cells for therapeutic applications and are currently being evaluated in multiple clinical trials. (biomedcentral.com)
and (2) through the paracrine release of trophic factors to induce tissue repair by endogenous cells [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
By means of scaffolds, cells, and growth factors, tissue engineering has provided enormous hope and interest in academia, industry, and the public to cure various disorders (7). (ijfs.ir)
8) indicates that tissue engineering might be helpful for the transplantation of germ cells by improving the cellular environment using scaffolds to enhance graft outcomes for prepubertal boys exposed to gonadotoxic treatments. (ijfs.ir)
If you were to implant this embryonic tooth germ into a patient, the idea goes, it would begin to communicate with the surrounding tissue, thus releasing the entire cascade of messengers and initiating the process of tooth development. (bionity.com)
In explant method, the dental tissue is placed on a plastic surface and the cells migrate out from the tissue fragment adhering to culture flasks or dishes ( Figure 1 ). (bvsalud.org)
Cancerous (malignant) cells can develop from any tissue within the body. (msdmanuals.com)
Cancerous cells that are still contained within the tissue where they have started to grow and that have not yet invaded surrounding normal tissue or spread to other parts of the body. (msdmanuals.com)

In the earliest stages of development, the physical properties of the microenvironment can direct cell differentiation, and initiate the coordinated movement of groups of cells to establish the patterns that will define how the body is arranged. (mechanobio.info)

This process informs animal model development to enhance scientific rigor during in vivo studies in experimental or naturally occurring disease models. (upenn.edu)
Prior to their clinical application, hASCs must be expanded ex vivo to obtain the required number of cells for transplantation. (biomedcentral.com)

Stem cell theory" is transformation of endogenous ES cells or primitive neural stem cell to iGCTs. (bvsalud.org)

They have been found to contain pluripotent cells such as skin-derived precursor cells, Nestin+ cells or SOx2+cells. (idnps.com)
In the case of teeth, certain precursor cells cluster together in the jaw beneath the outer skin layer. (bionity.com)

Sox2 promotes ectodermal differentiation, while Oct4 promotes mesendodermal differentiation. (wikipedia.org)

This early embryonic form undergoes gastrulation, forming a gastrula with either two or three layers (the germ layers). (wikipedia.org)

It further relates to a method of culturing cells by allowing them to migrate onto a porous polyimide film. (justia.com)

The non-embryonic stem cells like adult stem cells are in clinical use for many years and embryonic stem cells are now emerging as an alternative source for the same purpose with huge potentials in drug discovery and toxicological studies. (benthamscience.com)
Adult stem cells can be used to replace damaged heart-muscle cells and are used in practice today . (thefutureofthings.com)
The most common application of adult stem cells is probably the restoration of blood cells for patients with leukemia, and there are many more applications currently in practice. (thefutureofthings.com)
1,2 Regarding the origin, they can be classified as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and adult stem cells (ASCs). (bvsalud.org)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can grow infinitely and give rise to all types of cells in human body, thus of tremendous therapeutic potentials for a variety of diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, and diabetes. (benthamscience.com)
Moreover, the combination of gene modification and directed differentiation of ESCs provides perfect tool for disease modelling and drug discovery. (benthamscience.com)
What is more, by deriving NT-ESCs from patient cells, the problem of immune rejection may be avoided. (benthamscience.com)
The ground na?ve pluripotent state refers to cells such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that can form teratomas and contribute to chimeras. (ecolowood.com)
In female cells both X chromosomes remain activated in the na?ve ESCs while one chromosome XL-147 is randomly inactivated in the primed EpiSCs [1-3]. (ecolowood.com)
3 Embrionic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and form all cell types, derived from the three germ layers, and are therefore pluripotent. (bvsalud.org)

however, the level of telomerase activity is low or absent in the majority of stem cells regardless of their proliferative capacity. (nature.com)
As stem cells have elongated proliferative capacity, they should have a mechanism that maintains telomere length through many cell divisions. (nature.com)
Specific properties, such as proliferative and differentiation potential, are slightly different among DSCs. (bvsalud.org)

Now the researchers have used a human model to figure out when neural crest cells acquire distinctive molecular and functional attributes. (phys.org)
The study, published in Stem Cell Research , provides new insight into the formation of neural crest cells and outlines transient prospective stages in their development. (phys.org)
We also identified unique molecular signatures during the transition stages of neural crest formation from pluripotent stem cells. (phys.org)
Maneeshi S. Prasad et al, Distinct molecular profile and restricted stem cell potential defines the prospective human cranial neural crest from embryonic stem cell state, Stem Cell Research (2020). (phys.org)

MSCs with 3 × 10 4 cells were locally injected into left testis 30 min before detorsion. (biomedcentral.com)

Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic-that is, they no longer divide. (jove.com)
The relationship to genetic effects on the other hand, is indirect, and acts primarily by limiting the cell stages available for testing, by affecting the distribution of mitotically active stem cells among the different stages of the mitotic cycle, and thereby, changing both the type and frequency of genetic effects observed. (archive.org)

The first step was for the team to follow the fate of these cells for six weeks following transplantation. (elifesciences.org)

That is, the dormant embryonic molecular mechanism was activated through the induced wound and supplied stem cells. (idnps.com)
Intrinsic aging or senescence occurs silently from within starting at the molecular level, in the same sense that termites, if unchecked, will, sooner or later, destroy the structural integrity of even the largest wooden house. (agemed.org)

Importantly, our results show that cell types occupy discrete locations in gene expression space and correspondingly, cells exhibit abrupt changes in gene expression profile as they transition from one cell type to another. (harvard.edu)
Taking advantage of the finding that certain locations in gene expression space are more "stable" (i.e., far more cells are found in these locations than expected by chance) than others, we used a novel framework to build a probabilistic model of the underlying gene regulatory network. (harvard.edu)
These models allowed us to make and experimentally test predictions as to how cells respond to various signals and gene expression changes. (harvard.edu)
Significant similarities in gene expression profiles between calorie restricted WT cells and a non-restricted ade4 mutant suggested the possibility of common gene expression biomarkers of all chronologically long lived cells that could also provide insights into general mechanisms of lifespan extension. (refine.bio)
Using these varied methods to extend CLS, we compared gene expression profiles in the aging cells (at day 8) to identify functionally relevant biomarkers of longevity. (refine.bio)
immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)
the gene expression profile during B lymphoid differentiation. (lu.se)

Anatomy64

Organisms13

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs72

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Phenomena and Processes59

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Primordial germ5

Mouse embryonic stem3

Vitro9

Pluripotency13

Pluripotent stem4

Undergo7

Embryos12

Progenitor8

Somatic21

Tumors13

Tumor8

Differentiate13

Endoderm10

Genes14

Layer differentiation2

Embryonic development4

Mesodermal3

Tissues11

Zygote6

Growth and maturation2

Meiosis1

Human embryonic6

Regenerative11

Mesenchymal stem5

PGCs5

Gonadal1

Maturation2

Developmental5

Fetal5

Ectoderm1

Mammalian3

Embryo10

Proliferation and differentiation3

Spermatogenesis4

Sexual differentiation2

Mice10

Oocytes4

Types of pluripotent stem1

Germline5

Hypothesis3

Hair germ2

Originate3

Lineage4

Ovarian3

Gametogenesis3

Self-renewal2

Testicular8

Pathways2

Spermatogonial3

Epithelial7

Tissue13

Microenvironment1

Vivo2

Endogenous1

Precursor2

Sox21

Undergoes1

Migrate1

Adult stem4

ESCs6

Proliferative3

Neural4

MSCs1

Mitotic2

Transplantation1

Molecular2

Gene7