• The Zhao Lab is located at the Waisman Center of University of Wisconsin-Madison , our laboratory is part of the Department of Neuroscience and Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center . (wisc.edu)
  • The in vitro replication of these in vivo microenvironments will be necessary for the application of stem cells for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine purposes. (ca.gov)
  • Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)
  • Apical GFAP+ cells are admixed within the ependymal layer and some span between the ventricle and blood vessels, occupying a specialized microenvironment. (nih.gov)
  • Stem-cell niche refers to a microenvironment, within the specific anatomic location where stem cells are found, which interacts with stem cells to regulate cell fate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The word 'niche' can be in reference to the in vivo or in vitro stem-cell microenvironment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Interactions between stem cells and their surrounding microenvironment, or niche, are critical for the establishment and maintenance of stem-cell properties. (princeton.edu)
  • Steady-state hematopoietic stem cells' (HSCs) self-renewal and differentiation toward their mature progeny in the adult bone marrow is tightly regulated by cues from the microenvironment. (elsevierpure.com)
  • However, traditional reductionist approaches have only led to the generation of cell culture methods that poorly recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment. (ca.gov)
  • The accumulation of senescent cells in the tumor microenvironment can drive tumorigenesis in a paracrine manner through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). (bvsalud.org)
  • These receptors allow leukemia cells to interact with their microenvironment and are accessible through antibody-mediated targeting, making them a promising therapeutic target. (lu.se)
  • The microenvironment, consisting of lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial elements, and stroma in which hematopoietic cells reside, creates a regulatory niche that determines the local area network. (medscape.com)
  • The function of a cell is defined by its intrinsic characteristics and its niche: the tissue microenvironment in which it dwells. (bvsalud.org)
  • During embryonic development, various niche factors act on embryonic stem cells to alter gene expression, and induce their proliferation or differentiation for the development of the fetus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Human embryonic stem cells are often grown in fibroblastic growth factor-2 containing, fetal bovine serum supplemented media. (wikipedia.org)
  • They are grown on a feeder layer of cells, which is believed to be supportive in maintaining the pluripotent characteristics of embryonic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most effective treatments restore an embryonic phenotype to adult SCs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Unlike embryonic growth, adult organ remodeling is reversible and repeatable, suggesting that it occurs through different mechanisms. (stanford.edu)
  • Nanotopography Promotes Pancreatic Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. (bioscience.co.uk)
  • Direct and Indirect Contribution of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocyte-Like Cells to Liver Repair in Mice. (bioscience.co.uk)
  • The stem cell and developmental biology program at CMB is engaged in a broad range of basic research aimed at understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying diverse aspects of embryonic development and tissue regeneration. (ki.se)
  • Here we show that downregulation of Zeb1 expression in embryonic cortical neural progenitor cells (NPCs) is necessary for proper neuronal differentiation and migration. (stanford.edu)
  • Here we show that VCAM1, a transmembrane protein previously found in quiescent adult NSCs, is expressed by a subpopulation of embryonic RGCs, in a temporal and region-specific manner. (stanford.edu)
  • This in turn diminished the embryonic origin of postnatal NSCs, resulting in loss of adult NSCs and defective V-SVZ regeneration. (stanford.edu)
  • Studies of embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells are covered, along with research shedding light on the roles of these cells in regeneration and cancer. (cshlpress.com)
  • Here we show that integrin-mediated adhesion is important for maintaining the correct position of embryonic hub cells during gonad morphogenesis. (princeton.edu)
  • They can be derived directly from isolated organs or differentiated from embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells. (springeropen.com)
  • We discuss these properties with examples both from the hematopoietic and embryonic stem cell (ESC) systems. (lu.se)
  • We perform in vivo transplantation and lineage-tracing experiments to demonstrate that adult intestinal fibroblast subsets, smooth muscle cells and pericytes derive from Gli1-expressing precursors present in embryonic day 12.5 intestine. (lu.se)
  • Trajectory analysis of single cell RNA-seq datasets of E12.5 and adult mesenchymal cells suggest that adult smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts derive from distinct embryonic intermediates and that adult fibroblast subsets develop in a linear trajectory from CD81 + fibroblasts. (lu.se)
  • citation needed] By continuous intravital imaging in mice, researchers were able to explore the structure of the stem cell niche and to obtain the fate of individual stem cells (SCs) and their progeny over time in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
  • New replacement cells-the progeny of basal stem cells-are born without barrier-forming structures such as a specialized apical membrane and occluding junctions. (stanford.edu)
  • Here, we investigate how new progeny acquire barrier structures as they integrate into the intestinal epithelium of adult Drosophila. (stanford.edu)
  • Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in specialized niches, which hold a balanced number of NSCs, their progeny, and other cells. (stanford.edu)
  • Researchers show that the cellular redox state regulated by Wnt signaling is critical for the maintenance and function of the differentiation niche to promote GSC progeny differentiation. (sciencemission.com)
  • Defective Wnt signaling causes the loss of the differentiation niche and the upregulated BMP signaling in differentiated GSC progeny, thereby disrupting germ cell differentiation. (sciencemission.com)
  • Here, we review emerging evidence showing how HSCs and their progeny are regulated by an interdependent network of mesenchymal stromal cells, nerve fibers, the vasculature, and also other hematopoietic cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Here we review the currently known cellular and molecular components of the niche for hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny, highlight their heterogeneity and interdependency, and discuss some open questions in the field. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Green: the stem cells and their progeny express protein. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • To varying degrees, these fates also extend to the Such state stability is required in stem and progenitor cells to immediate progeny of stem cells, known as progenitor or support self-renewal and maintenance of the uncommitted transit-amplifying cells. (lu.se)
  • The proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells give rise to progeny that can populate the entire immunologic and hematopoietic systems through committed progenitors of both the lymphoid and myeloid lineages. (medscape.com)
  • The haematopoietic system provides an exemplar whereby characterisation of the blood lineages during development and the bone marrow niche has resulted in therapeutics now routinely used in the clinic. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Upadhaya S , Krichevsky O, Akhmetzyanova I, Sawai CM, Fooksman DR, Reizis B. Intravital imaging reveals motility of adult hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow niche. (cancerresearch.org)
  • Though the concept of stem cell niche was prevailing in vertebrates, the first characterization of stem cell niche in vivo was worked out in Drosophila germinal development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Prior to the PhD he also worked in the laboratory of Dr. Maneesha Inamdar, JNCASR, India, where he worked on the characterization of pericardial cells in Drosophila Melanogaster. (amrita.edu)
  • Dr. Rajaguru Aradhya and Jagla, K., "Insulin-dependent Non-canonical Activation of Notch in Drosophila: A Story of Notch-Induced Muscle Stem Cell Proliferation", in Notch Signaling in Embryology and Cancer: Molecular Biology of Notch Signaling, vol. 1227, J. Reichrath and Reichrath, S., Eds. (amrita.edu)
  • Many of the mechanistic insights into how niches regulate stem cell maintenance have been obtained using invertebrate models such as Drosophila . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we focus on the Drosophila ovarian germline stem cell niche and review recent studies that have begun to reveal how intricate crosstalk between various signaling pathways regulates stem cell maintenance, how the extracellular matrix modulates the signaling output of the niche and how epigenetic programming influences cell development and function both inside and outside the niche to ensure proper tissue homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Twenty years following Schofield's seminal publication, Xie and Spradling provided compelling experimental evidence that a cellular niche supports the maintenance of germline stem cells (GSCs) in the Drosophila adult ovary [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Taken together, the study of the Drosophila ovary and testis has greatly enhanced our understanding of the basic principles that govern niche formation and function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since Drosophila midgut has recently emerged as an ideal model for the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying somatic stem cell maintenance, it provides an useful system to evaluate the effects caused by loss of function of genes involved in this process. (unina.it)
  • I thus used the GAL4/UAS system to silence in vivo Nop60b/mfl, the Drosophila ortholog of DKC1, and investigate in detail the effects triggered by gene silencing on the formation of larval Adult Midgut Precursor (AMPs) cells. (unina.it)
  • In the Drosophila ovary, two separate niches control germ line stem cell (GSC) self-renewal and differentiation processes. (sciencemission.com)
  • It is thought that the effectiveness is related to the fine manipulation of cell regulation and communication taking place in this power range. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here we will focus on reviewing work describing the formation and regulation of the ovarian stem cell niche. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Regulation of aNSCs is critical for cognitive brain functions and for development of future cell-based therapies of neurodegenerative diseases. (helmholtz.de)
  • Transient Nutlin-3 treatment of FMR1-deficient mice leads to long lasting gene expression changes and many differentially expressed genes are associated adult neural stem cell niche regulation. (wisc.edu)
  • Voluntary running enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis, with consequences for hippocampal-dependent learning ability and mood regulation. (wisc.edu)
  • The key interests lie within the field of genome integrity and variation, cell division, regulation of gene expression, protein turnover and signal transduction. (ki.se)
  • Based on presentations by world-renowned investigators at the 73rd annual Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology, this volume reviews the latest advances in research on the control and regulation of stem cells. (cshlpress.com)
  • The topics covered include nuclear reprogramming, regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, the stem cell niche, and signaling and gene regulation in stem cells. (cshlpress.com)
  • Regulation of skeletal muscle stem cells during homeostasis and regeneration involves the interplay of extrinsic and intrinsic cues. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • In terminally differentiated cell fate is coupled to appropriate regulation of the alternative cells, transcriptional networks must be stable and irreversible, pathways. (lu.se)
  • The misplaced hub in integrin-deficient embryos directs the orientation of cell divisions in the presumptive GSCs, a hallmark of the active germline stem-cell niche. (princeton.edu)
  • This has led to two emerging paradigms in SC biology: the application of developmental biology studies and the manipulation of the SC niche. (ox.ac.uk)
  • His main research areas are developmental biology, cell morphogenesis, adult stem cells and cardiac function analysis. (amrita.edu)
  • Development: For advances in developmental biology and stem cells. (lu.se)
  • p class=\'abstract\'>Barrier epithelial organs face the constant challenge of sealing the interior body from the external environment while simultaneously replacing the cells that contact this environment. (stanford.edu)
  • Abstract for "Multipotency of Adult Hippocampal NSCs In Vivo Is Restricted by Drosha/NFIB" by Chiara Rolando, Andrea Erni, Alice Grison, Robert Beattie, Anna Engler, Paul J. Gokhale, Marta Milo, Thomas Wegleiter, Sebastian Jessberger, and Verdon Taylor in Cell Stem Cell . (neurosciencenews.com)
  • citation needed] A Nature Insight review defines niche as follows: "Stem-cell populations are established in 'niches' - specific anatomic locations that regulate how they participate in tissue generation, maintenance and repair. (wikipedia.org)
  • Interestingly, cells within tumors often exhibit a hierarchy of malignant potential, giving rise to the notion that small populations of cancer stem cells may be responsible for propagating certain cancers [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we use six transgenic reporters to isolate 14 major skin and HF cell populations. (nih.gov)
  • The intestinal epithelium incorporates several distinct cell populations, including the rapidly dividing intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that facilitate the typical four-to-five day turnover cycle of the adult intestinal epithelium. (stemcell.com)
  • Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)
  • Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)
  • This research aims at characterizing molecules and signals involved in controlling the undifferentiated state and self-renewal capacity of stem cells, and to develop methods to direct the differentiation of stem cells into clinically relevant cell types. (ki.se)
  • Overview on self-renewal or differentiation of stem cells in their respective stem cell niche. (hindawi.com)
  • To date, it has been assumed that the differentiation of stem cells depends on the environment they are embedded in. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Ischaemic heart disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and the question remains as to whether these principles can be applied to the heart, in order to exploit the potential of adult SCs for use in cardiovascular repair and regeneration. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The hair follicle (HF) is a complex miniorgan that serves as an ideal model system to study stem cell (SC) interactions with the niche during growth and regeneration. (nih.gov)
  • Our findings provide new insight on how stem cells in the embryo are preserved to meet the need for growth and regeneration. (stanford.edu)
  • Likewise, the knowledge of stem cell biology is crucial to the development of stem cell therapies, based on tissue engineering applied to dentistry, seeking the regeneration of dental tissues damaged or lost by caries, trauma or genetic diseases. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therapies based on the application of stem cells have great potential in the prevention and treatment of several diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, spinal cord injuries, neurological diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, and in the regeneration of various tissues and organs. (bvsalud.org)
  • The effects of shock wave stimulation of mesenchymal stem cells on proliferation, migration, and differentiation in an injectable gelatin matrix for osteogenic regeneration. (uni-rostock.de)
  • A thematic series in Cell Regeneration . (springeropen.com)
  • The Editor-in-Chief of Cell Regeneration will review all submissions prior to peer review and may reject any of them that do not fit the scope of the journal or do not meet the journal's standards for peer review. (springeropen.com)
  • We hypothesized that the mouse myometrium houses somatic smooth muscle progenitor cells that are hormonally responsive and necessary for remodeling and regeneration during estrous cycling and pregnancy. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • These results suggest that conventional myometrial regeneration and repair is executed by hormonally responsive stem or progenitor cells derived from the Müllerian duct mesenchyme. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • 17 This property of rapid regeneration at intestinal stasis makes the intestine a uniquely convenient model system for epithelial cell biology and adult stem cell biology studies both inside and outside the specific context of intestinal function. (stemcell.com)
  • Within the human body, stem-cell niches maintain adult stem cells in a quiescent state, but after tissue injury, the surrounding micro-environment actively signals to stem cells to promote either self-renewal or differentiation to form new tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unlike some other tissues, it has not been possible to identify or purify neural stem cells directly from the tissue. (elifesciences.org)
  • Without the self-renewing capacity of stem cells, these tissues quickly cease to function properly, leading to various conditions including infertility, anemia and immunodeficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
  • First proposed by Schofield in 1978 [ 3 ], the niche hypothesis posits that specific locations or microenvironments within tissues prevent the maturation of resident stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Key areas of investigation are the identification and functional characterization of stem cell niches in developing tissues and adult organs. (ki.se)
  • Understanding how stem cells behave in the niche is extremely important in order to extract these cells from their natural habitat, expand them in vitro and transplant the stem cells back to the patient, to repair and/or regenerate tissues and organs, with no risks to the individual's integrity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Recently, MSCs isolated from bone marrow (bmMSCs) were shown to be a blend of distinct cells and MSCs isolated from different tissues show besides some common features also some significant differences. (hindawi.com)
  • Defining the epithelial stem cell niche in skin. (nature.com)
  • The corneal epithelium is composed of stratified squamous epithelial cells on the outer surface of the eye, which acts as a protective barrier and is critical for clear and stable vision. (wjgnet.com)
  • These organoids include a polarized epithelial layer that surrounds a functional lumen and contains cell types of the intestinal epithelium present in proportions and relative spatial arrangement that mimic what is observed in vivo. (stemcell.com)
  • The intestinal niche has been well-characterized, and shown to consist of spatial gradients of high WNT and Epithelial Growth Factor (EGF), while Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signals are inhibited. (stemcell.com)
  • Diagram of the small intestinal epithelium highlighting the identity and spatial arrangement of key epithelial cell types. (stemcell.com)
  • Cells expressing stem cell markers, including GFAP, and proliferation markers are closely apposed to the laminin-containing extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding vascular endothelial cells. (nih.gov)
  • Several factors are important to regulate stem-cell characteristics within the niche: cell-cell interactions between stem cells, as well as interactions between stem cells and neighbouring differentiated cells, interactions between stem cells and adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix components, the oxygen tension, growth factors, cytokines, and the physicochemical nature of the environment including the pH, ionic strength (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • At these sites, which are a compound of stromal cells, extracellular matrix and soluble factors, complex molecular interactions that maintain the essential properties of stem cells occur, such as self-renewal and differentiation into multiple lineages, according to the organism's needs. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cell Rep . 2016 Mar 29;14(12):3001-18. (nih.gov)
  • Retrieved August 18, 2016 from https://neurosciencenews.com/neural-stem-cells-genetics-4869/[/cbtab][cbtab title="Chicago"]University of Basel. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • https://neurosciencenews.com/neural-stem-cells-genetics-4869/ (accessed August 18, 2016). (neurosciencenews.com)
  • The percentage of neurons in the neuron glia co-culture was increased without affecting the total number of cells, indicating an enhancement of neurogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
  • In recent years, several studies identified various stimuli capable of enhancing neurogenesis in adults, a process, which is dysfunctional in the senescent brain as well as in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Garcia AD, Doan NB, Imura T, Bush TG, Sofroniew MV. GFAP-expressing progenitors are the principal source of constitutive neurogenesis in adult mouse forebrain. (uclahealth.org)
  • During adulthood, new neurons are generated by so called adult neurogenesis in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus and in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles. (helmholtz.de)
  • The host laboratory belongs to world leaders in SVZ neurogenesis and has demonstrated technical prowess by developing new techniques such as the cell-clone analysis by long-term live imaging. (helmholtz.de)
  • This proposal thus aims to open new research venues for the field of adult neurogenesis by combining technical and innovative capacities of the host lab with the unique skill set and expertise of the proposing researcher. (helmholtz.de)
  • If it turns out that neurogenesis occurs in the adult human nose but that those nascent neurons never enervate, well, that is what we might expect evolution, which is not intelligent but, rather, pragmatic, to come up with. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Here, we report that deletion of Drosha in adult dentate gyrus NSCs activates oligodendrogenesis and reduces neurogenesis at the expense of gliogenesis. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Neurons that arise in the adult nervous system originate from neural stem cells and neural progenitor cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Neural stem cells can also give rise to neural progenitor cells, which proliferate rapidly during their short lives and then 'differentiate' into neurons or glia. (elifesciences.org)
  • Since neurosphere-forming cells can self-renew and differentiate into neurons and glia, the ability of cells to form neurospheres has generally been taken as evidence that they are stem cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • In these neurogenic niches, the adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) generate new neurons that are critical for establishing factual memories and mood control. (helmholtz.de)
  • turn into functioning adult neurons? (scienceblogs.com)
  • But if there is no Intelligent Designer, and instead, things evolved, then it is quite possible that the lack of novel fully formed and hooked up neurons in an adult human (which seems to be the general rule of thumb, for whatever reason) is not necessarily achieved via some highly sensible planned out feature. (scienceblogs.com)
  • But, when the question comes up "Do humans generate new neurons as adults" please make sure that the assumption that they do is not based on this earlier nose research, or on any studies that merely looked for new neuron proteins. (scienceblogs.com)
  • An early study in mice showed that expression of Ube3a is nearly exclusively maternal in neurons within the CA3 region of the hippocampus and in cerebellar Purkinje cells, with moderate maternal bias in the cerebral cortex 6 . (nature.com)
  • Here, we show that voluntary running induces unique and dynamic gene expression changes specifically within the adult-born hippocampal neurons, with significant impact on genes involved in neuronal maturation and human diseases. (wisc.edu)
  • We identify the regulator of G protein signaling 6 (RGS6) as a key factor that mediates running impact on adult-born neurons. (wisc.edu)
  • Neural stem cells are generally accepted to produce three different cell types: neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Drosha degrades the messenger RNA for NFIB in the adult hippocampal stem cells and prevents the expression of this transcription factor which is necessary for the differentiation of oligodendrocytes and thus blocks their development and therefore biases differentiation towards neurons. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Magenta: the hippocampal stem cells generate newborn neurons. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) are defined by their inherent capacity to self-renew and give rise to neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Secondly, we have developed an all-in-one vector-based strategy to convert adult human dermal fibroblasts directly from Huntington's disease (HD) patients and control individuals into induced neurons (iNs). (lu.se)
  • This is because for regenerative therapies, cell proliferation and differentiation must be controlled in flasks or plates, so that sufficient quantity of the proper cell type are produced prior to being introduced back into the patient for therapy. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mitochondrial electron transport chain is dispensable for proliferation and differentiation of epidermal progenitor cells. (nature.com)
  • Human bmMSCs were described in the late nineties as well [ 6 ] and at the same time a breakthrough study investigated the expression of typical cell surface markers and the proliferation and differentiation properties of human MSCs in more detail [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It was also shown that the two SC compartments acted in accord to maintain a constant cell population and a steady cellular turnover. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stem cells are essential for tissue homeostasis, particularly in organs that exhibit high rates of cellular turnover such as the skin, intestine and hematopoietic system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The concept of the cellular niche represents one of the central paradigms in stem cell biology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we show that ependyma-derived matricellular protein CCN1 (cellular communication network factor 1) negatively regulates niche capacity and NSC number in the adult ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ). (stanford.edu)
  • Organoids are cultured cellular structures that consist of the major cell types of a tissue including tissue stem cells and other differentiated cells, resemble the basic features and possess the functions of the tissue. (springeropen.com)
  • Cellular senescence is a cell surveillance mechanism that arrests the cell cycle in damaged cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here we combine single-cell and spatial transcriptomics data to discover cellular niches within eight regions of the human heart. (bvsalud.org)
  • The evolution of pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoids (ROs) has brought remarkable opportunities for developmental studies while also presenting new therapeutic avenues for retinal diseases. (springeropen.com)
  • The mechanisms by which niche molecules and intrinsic factors regulate muscle stem cell quiescence and properties remain largely unknown. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Researchers from the Department of Biomedicine at the University of Basel have now found that the fate of adult hippocampal stem cells is not only controlled by their local niche, but also by a cell-intrinsic mechanism. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • The team lead by Prof. Verdon Taylor was able to demonstrate for the first time a cell-intrinsic mechanism regulating stem cell fate . (neurosciencenews.com)
  • A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)
  • 2008). Historically, this concept is highlighted by the experi- factors are key intrinsic regulators of these fate decisions and mental phenomenon of lineage reprogramming, for example, that fate choice involves modulating networks of transcription by the conversion of fibroblasts to muscles cells following trans- factors. (lu.se)
  • Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) are usually the result of intrinsic stem cell/progenitor defects. (medscape.com)
  • Adult SVZ progenitor cells express the laminin receptor alpha6beta1 integrin, and blocking this inhibits their adhesion to endothelial cells, altering their position and proliferation in vivo, indicating that it plays a functional role in binding SVZ stem cells within the vascular niche. (nih.gov)
  • Scientists are studying the various components of the niche and trying to replicate the in vivo niche conditions in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, even these conditions may not truly mimic in vivo niche conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • A similar dependence of self-renewal potential on proximity to the niche border was reported in the context of hair follicle, in an in vivo live-imaging study. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pre-GEPCOT cells could not form neurospheres but expressed the stem cell markers Slc1a3-CreER T , GFAP-CreER T2 , Sox2 CreERT2 , and Gli1 CreERT2 and were long-lived in vivo. (elifesciences.org)
  • The existence of niches has long been predicted from mammalian studies, but identifying stem cells in their native environments in vivo has remained a challenge in most vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Following his PhD, he pursued a postdoctoral research fellowship at New York University School of Medicine where he developed new techniques to visualize and analyze in-vivo behaviors of stem cells of the immune system. (cancerresearch.org)
  • MSCs were also investigated for stem cell qualities in vivo. (hindawi.com)
  • Through single cell transcriptomics, we identify a population of tumor-associated macrophages that express a unique array of pro-tumorigenic SASP factors and surface proteins and are also present in normal aged lungs. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we examine whether neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) lie close to blood vessels, using three-dimensional whole mounts, confocal microscopy, and automated computer-based image quantification. (nih.gov)
  • Neurosphere formation is commonly used as a surrogate for neural stem cell (NSC) function but the relationship between neurosphere-initiating cells (NICs) and NSCs remains unclear. (elifesciences.org)
  • How niche capacity is regulated to contain a specific number of NSCs remains unclear. (stanford.edu)
  • Adult ependyma-specific deletion of Ccn1 transiently enhanced NSC proliferation and reduced neuronal differentiation in mice, increasing the numbers of NSCs and NSC units. (stanford.edu)
  • During development, neural stem cells (NSCs) undergo transitions from neuroepithelial cells to radial glial cells (RGCs), and later, a subpopulation of slowly dividing RGCs gives rise to the quiescent adult NSCs that populate the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ). (stanford.edu)
  • The MSCs have been described for the first time as colony forming fibroblasts (CFU-F), a rare population of cells residing in the bone marrow of guinea-pigs or mice [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Glioma-associated oncogene 1 expressing (Gli1+) cells are a major source of activated fibroblasts in multiple organs, but the links between injury, inflammation, and Gli1+ cell expansion and tissue fibrosis remain incompletely understood. (bvsalud.org)
  • The intestinal lamina propria contains a diverse network of fibroblasts that provide key support functions to cells within their local environment. (lu.se)
  • We show that the sinoatrial node is compartmentalized, with a core of pacemaker cells, fibroblasts and glial cells supporting glutamatergic signalling. (bvsalud.org)
  • The objective of this study was to identify the mouse myometrial smooth muscle progenitor cell and its niche, define the surface marker phenotype, and show a functional response of these cells to normal myometrial cycling. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23684459-phosphorylation-of-ezh2-activates-stat3-signaling-via-stat3-methylation-and-promotes-tumorigenicity-of-glioblastoma-stem-like-cells/ [Accessed 28 Feb. 2020]. (bioscience.co.uk)
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26089346-enhanced-metabolizing-activity-of-human-es-cell-derived-hepatocytes-using-a-3d-culture-system-with-repeated-exposures-to-xenobiotics/ [Accessed 28 Feb. 2020]. (bioscience.co.uk)
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26857609-comparison-of-adult-stem-cells-derived-from-multiple-stem-cell-niches/ [Accessed 28 Feb. 2020]. (bioscience.co.uk)
  • Dermal papilla (DP) cells are required for SC activation during the adult hair cycle, but signal exchange between niche and SC precursors/transit-amplifying cell (TAC) progenitors that regulates HF morphogenetic growth is largely unknown. (nih.gov)
  • However, further studies are required to gain complete understanding of stem cell biology, which is fundamental for the development of successful cell-based therapies 1-3 . (bvsalud.org)
  • We therefore briefly discuss differences found in subsets of human bmMSCs and in MSCs isolated from some other sources and touch upon how this could be utilized for cell-based therapies. (hindawi.com)
  • Understanding the interaction mechanisms in these intricate niches will provide great opportunities for HSC-related therapies and immune modulation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Gene and cell therapies present novel alternatives to disease management, offering the promise of a single treatment and a lifelong cure. (bvsalud.org)
  • The proliferative potential of the two groups was unequal and correlated with the cells' location (central or border). (wikipedia.org)
  • Identification of proliferative and mature β-cells in the islets of Langerhans. (ucsf.edu)
  • The neurosphere-forming cells, named GEPCOT cells, were short-lived and highly proliferative in the brain. (elifesciences.org)
  • Reactive astrocytes are closely related to adult neural stem cells and are involved in proliferative niches in the adult CNS. (uclahealth.org)
  • Reactive astrocytes are present around CNS tumors but their roles are incompletely understood, and their interactions may either contribute to favorable proliferative niches or restrict the spread of tumor cells. (uclahealth.org)
  • These insights will probably inform the study of mammalian niches and how their malfunction contributes to human disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The niche model is consistent with many observations made in mammalian cell transplantation experiments, but difficulties in unequivocally identifying individual stem cells within their native environment prevented further testing of this hypothesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Blencowe's research team studies the mechanisms by which genes are regulated and coordinated to provide critical functions in mammalian cells. (unibas.ch)
  • Mammalian cell lines are most commonly used for recombinant antibody production, although cell lines of bacterial, yeast, or insect origin are also suitable. (cellsignal.com)
  • We previously observed persistent expression of UBE3A in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, the master circadian regulatory region in the mammalian brain, of AS model mice 15 , thus identifying a novel site for relaxation of maternal expression bias of Ube3a in the adult brain. (nature.com)
  • Specialized microenvironments called niches help maintain stem cells in an undifferentiated and self-renewing state. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Niches are special microenvironments in tissue where stem cells are located. (bvsalud.org)
  • Constructing stem cell microenvironments using bioengineering approaches. (ca.gov)
  • These architecturally diverse microenvironments serve to balance stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. (ca.gov)
  • Within each of these microenvironments, a myriad of chemical and physical stimuli interact in a complex (synergistic or antagonistic) manner to tightly regulate stem cell fate. (ca.gov)
  • In this review, the application of these technologies for the dissection of stem cell microenvironments will be analyzed. (ca.gov)
  • Moreover, the use of these engineering approaches to construct in vitro stem cell microenvironments that precisely control stem cell fate and function will be reviewed. (ca.gov)
  • Finally, the emerging trend of using high-throughput, combinatorial methods for the stepwise engineering of stem cell microenvironments will be explored. (ca.gov)
  • Developmental studies can reveal how SCs are orchestrated to build organs, the understanding of which is important in order to instigate tissue repair in the adult. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Brain metastases are cancer cells that have spread to the brain from primary tumors in other organs in the body (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • To metastasize, tumor cells have to gain access to the circulation, survive while circulating, pass through the microvasculature of the adopted organs, extravasate into the organ parenchyma, and reestablish themselves at the secondary site. (medscape.com)
  • We introduce a druggable target prediction tool, drug2cell, which leverages single-cell profiles and drug-target interactions to provide mechanistic insights into the chronotropic effects of drugs, including GLP-1 analogues. (bvsalud.org)
  • The niche must have both anatomic and functional dimensions. (wikipedia.org)
  • But, basic questions remain largely unanswered: How do stem cells sense different levels of functional demand? (stanford.edu)
  • Using a custom CellPhoneDB.org module, we identify trans-synaptic pacemaker cell interactions with glia. (bvsalud.org)
  • Using a new p16-FDR mouse line, we show that macrophages and endothelial cells are the predominant senescent cell types in murine KRAS-driven lung tumors. (bvsalud.org)
  • Most tumors that metastasize to the brain are not chemosensitive, though small-cell lung cancer, breast cancer, and lymphoma respond to chemotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • Resolving the Pathogenesis of Anaplastic Wilms Tumors through Spatial Mapping of Cancer Cell Evolution. (lu.se)
  • Two to three GSCs reside at the anterior tip of the germarium immediately adjacent to the niche, which includes a small cluster of five to seven cap cells attached to eight to 10 terminal filament cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Within the adult organism, stem cell reside in defined anatomical microenvironnments called niches. (ca.gov)
  • Through detailed characterization of fundamental molecular mechanisms of normal and perturbed cells, the theme strives to unravel information that increases the understanding of various diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and inflammatory disorders. (ki.se)
  • not only can gene expression be manipulated and lineages traced at single-cell and whole-tissue levels, but complete population counts of all cell types are possible. (stanford.edu)
  • Loss of function mutations of human DKC1 gene cause Dyskeratosis Congenita X-linked (X-DC), a multisystemic syndrome accompanied by telomerase defects, premature aging, increased cancer susceptibility and stem cell dysfunction. (unina.it)
  • Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)
  • In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)
  • Although challenges remain, investment in the field has started to bear fruit, with a number of gene and cell therapeutics reaching the market in the past decade. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our goal is to understand how this nutrient-driven mechanism regulates stem cell behavior for lifelong optimization of organ form and function. (stanford.edu)
  • Here we show that the small and large intestinal lamina propria contain similar fibroblast subsets that locate in specific anatomical niches. (lu.se)
  • In particular in intestinal crypt, two distinct groups of SCs have been identified: the "border stem cells" located in the upper part of the niche at the interface with transit amplifying cells (TAs), and "central stem cells" located at the crypt base. (wikipedia.org)
  • We have found that when dietary load increases, midgut stem cells activate a reversible growth program that increases total intestinal cell number and digestive capacity. (stanford.edu)
  • Understanding of these niche signals heavily informed development of the culture conditions for intestinal organoids. (stemcell.com)
  • The adult intestinal epithelium is primarily composed of six cell types that are arranged in a crypt-villus structure (Figure 1). (stemcell.com)
  • 18 At the base of the intestinal crypt, the ISCs are found intercalated with Paneth cells, 17 credited with much of the signaling required to maintain the stem cell niche. (stemcell.com)
  • Our results provide insights into intestinal stromal cell diversity, location, function, and ontogeny, with implications for intestinal development and homeostasis. (lu.se)
  • SC niche studies can reveal cues that maintain SC 'stemness' and how SCs may be released from the constraints of the niche to differentiate and repopulate a 'failing' organ. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Dental pulp stem cells have been isolated from deciduous and permanent teeth and have the potential to self-renew and differentiate. (bvsalud.org)
  • Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the potential to differentiate into many cell types. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • As these cells move upward out of the crypt, they move along signaling gradients that trigger them to differentiate, giving rise to the mature cell types that populate the villus domain. (stemcell.com)
  • We show that human and chimpanzee cells differentiate in a similar man¬ner and that the difference in interspecies protein abundance is higher than transcript-level differences, suggesting that post-transcriptional mechanisms play a role in the difference between human and chim¬panzee brain development. (lu.se)