• In therapeutic cloning, the blastocyst is not transferred to a womb. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Another long-term hope for therapeutic cloning is that it could be used to generate cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (eurostemcell.org)
  • To date, no human embryonic stem cell lines have been derived using therapeutic cloning, so both these possibilities remain very much in the future. (eurostemcell.org)
  • One of the next preclinical steps, according to the authors, is to evaluate, in the lab, differentiated patient-specific human embryonic stem cell lines for immune-system tolerance, therapeutic efficacy and safety. (scienceblog.com)
  • Note that each and every individual "loophole" discussed below that permits human cloning by default (and most bills have literally dozens of such loopholes) thus permits it for both "therapeutic" and for "reproductive" human cloning. (lifeissues.net)
  • The heated debate in our society over reproductive cloning, as well as therapeutic cloning to obtain embryonic stem cells, has been fueled by misconceptions and hyperbole on both sides. (flfamily.org)
  • What deserves greater attention, however, is therapeutic cloning, a (potential) cloning application considered far more important to the biomedical and scientific communities and one far more ethically challenging. (reasons.org)
  • 1] Therapeutic cloning, on the other hand, creates human embryos merely as a source of embryonic stem cells. (reasons.org)
  • Crudely put, therapeutic cloning looks to generate human embryos solely for the body parts they can provide. (reasons.org)
  • Reproductive cloning in humans and therapeutic cloning in primates: is the ethical debate catching up with the recent scientific advances? (bmj.com)
  • In therapeutic cloning on the other hand, genetic material from a body cell is inserted into an egg cell, replacing the nucleus. (boloji.com)
  • However, the Senate bill does allow for therapeutic cloning, known as 'nuclear transplantation', for research on therapies that could cure several serious and life-threatening diseases. (boloji.com)
  • The Society for Women's Health Research, a non-profit group, agrees that therapeutic cloning should be allowed. (boloji.com)
  • The potential of therapeutic cloning for treating, and perhaps curing, a variety of debilitating diseases demands that the scientific community be allowed to continue this promising work. (boloji.com)
  • While supporting research that would help to determine whether stem cells have therapeutic effects, they point out that those adult stem cells, umbilical cord stem cells, and embryonic stem cells not derived from embryos created for research can be used. (boloji.com)
  • On the topic of cloning we should set an example by outlawing it in all its forms, cloned babies and so called 'therapeutic cloning' (which is a misnomer as at this stage no therapeutic benefit will result from the cloned embryo). (cmq.org.uk)
  • Mr Blair says the European biotech industry will be worth $100 billion by 2005 and the day after the British Parliament gave the green light for therapeutic cloning the leading commercial player was rewarded with a substantial jump in share value. (cmq.org.uk)
  • One important distinction is that while the method might be considered a technique for cloning stem cells, commonly called therapeutic cloning, the same method would not likely be successful in producing human clones otherwise known as reproductive cloning. (ohsu.edu)
  • 5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
  • After many divisions in culture, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original donor who provided the adult cell - a genetic clone. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Hwang and colleagues report that the cells are chromosomally normal, self-renewing and "pluripotent" - meaning they have the ability to form the three major types of cells in the early embryo that give rise to all other cells in the body. (scienceblog.com)
  • To refer to an already existing human embryo, who science has documented for over a hundred years is a new already living human being, as "a child to be" or "future child" is ridiculous on its face, and oddly reminiscent of the draconian government public policies of recent major bioethics British eugenicist and Oxford don R. M. Hare (mentor of Peter Singer). (lifeissues.net)
  • Human embryos do not possess "human status": "In fact, the only result we can see of a law commanding doctors to treat the microscopic embryo as a 'patient' is a not-so-subtle conferring of 'human status' on embryos, which the Council has allegedly disavowed because of disagreement over the moral status of embryos. (lifeissues.net)
  • Thus to use the phrase "of an existing or previously existing human being" to refer to the product of human cloning would not be a scientifically accurate description of the cloned or genetically engineered human embryo -- thus creating yet another loophole in the bill or treaty. (lifeissues.net)
  • This process gets rid of unneeded cells and is particularly important for "sculpting" tissue and organ structure during development of the embryo (or larval metamorphosis in insects), but may occur at any time even in adult cells when a tissue needs to be remodeled. (agemed.org)
  • Assisted reproductive technology (ART) and embryo research have posed many challenges to the different timeframes of science, ethics and law. (edu.au)
  • It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
  • … "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • … "human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single - living or deceased - human being, fetus, or embryo. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • The creation of an embryo by nuclear transfer is a human being whose right to continued life should be respected. (cmq.org.uk)
  • The intention of Parliament in drawing up the 1990 Act was to totally ban cloning which was then foreseen as transferring a nucleus into an enucleated embryo. (cmq.org.uk)
  • Secondly, widening the scope of research further establishes the human embryo as a mere commodity for use as a research animal and moves away from Dame Warnock's assertion that the embryo deserves special respect. (cmq.org.uk)
  • Britain is almost isolated in Europe in its failure to afford the human embryo any meaningful status, as attested by the huge number of embryos produced and destroyed. (cmq.org.uk)
  • During the process of harvesting embryotic stem cells, the embryo is destroyed. (healthline.com)
  • Opponents believe that an embryo is a living human being. (healthline.com)
  • That's why Father Pacholczyk, director of education at the National Catholic Bioethics Center in Philadelphia, said that the efforts to help people understand the immorality of embryo reserch, including human cloning, must focus on humanizing the issue and appreciating our own embryonic origins, not just on the desired results of embryonic or other types of stem-cell research. (archstl.org)
  • The National Institutes of Health defines a human embryo as "the developing organism from the time of fertilization until the end of the eighth week of gestation. (archstl.org)
  • Further, the ISSCR Guidelines prohibit the transfer of any embryo model to the uterus of a human or an animal. (frogheart.ca)
  • While organoids, chimeras, embryo models, and other stem cell-based models are useful research tools offering possibilities for further scientific progress, limitations on the current state of scientific knowledge and regulatory constraints must be clearly explained in any communications with the public or media. (frogheart.ca)
  • Suggestions that any of the current in vitro models can recapitulate an intact embryo, human sentience or integrated brain function are unfounded overstatements that should be avoided and contradicted with more precise characterizations of current understanding. (frogheart.ca)
  • 2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
  • To produce Dolly, the cloned blastocyst was transferred into the womb of a recipient ewe, where it developed and when born quickly became the world's most famous lamb. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Instead, embryonic stem cells are isolated from the cloned blastocyst. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Stem cells were then derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. (scienceblog.com)
  • The Korean researchers who performed this stem cell research improved upon their protocols that yielded the first embryonic stem cell line from a cloned human blastocyst. (scienceblog.com)
  • A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)
  • From there, Dr. Brinster became interested in modifying the development of animals and their germ lines, and he went on to become the first person to show that it was possible to colonize a mouse blastocyst with stem cells from older embryos. (avma.org)
  • Moreover, Dr. Brinster first demonstrated that teratocarcinoma cells could combine with blastocyst cells to form adult chimeric mice, establishing the feasibility of this approach to change the genetic character of mice. (avma.org)
  • Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep, the first animal to be produced as a genetic copy of another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
  • This method is called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" or SCNT. (scienceblog.com)
  • The single cell line generated in the 2004 Science paper resulted from nuclear transfer in which the oocyte and non-reproductive ("somatic") cell came from the same healthy female. (scienceblog.com)
  • The related concept of Longevity Determination , however, is the result of a species-specific genomic expression during early development that positions the somatic tissues of an organism to survive long after its reproductive period has been completed. (agemed.org)
  • The technique used by Drs. Mitalipov, Paula Amato, M.D. , and their colleagues in OHSU's Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, is a variation of a commonly used method called somatic cell nuclear transfer, or SCNT. (ohsu.edu)
  • Several years of monkey studies that utilize somatic cell nuclear transfer have never successfully produced monkey clones. (ohsu.edu)
  • It became a hot topic in 1996 when Dolly the sheep was cloned via a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (archstl.org)
  • Stem cells from cord blood or adult tissues do not give rise to the same moral considerations as those derived from embryos or cloned embryos or aborted foetuses. (cmq.org.uk)
  • The rapidly emerging "regenerative" field of medicine is relying heavily on the use of ethically obtained stem cells. (flfamily.org)
  • Those two factors make attempts to clone humans for reproductive purposes ethically troubling. (reasons.org)
  • WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
  • WHA50.37, which states "the use of cloning for the replication of human individuals is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
  • If there are intact cells in this tissue they have been 'stored' frozen. (wikiquote.org)
  • As the cell begins to divide, scientists believe stem cells can be extracted and grown into tissue or organs. (boloji.com)
  • XI - embryonic stem cells: embryonic cells that are capable of modifying the cells of any organism tissue. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • This means they can potentially produce new cells for any organ or tissue. (healthline.com)
  • The team first made mouse PGCs, and then added cells taken from the testicular tissue of newborn mice, as well as other biological molecules. (scientificamerican.com)
  • Cord blood stem cells are harvested from the umbilical cord after childbirth. (healthline.com)
  • The Church also supports research and therapies using adult stem cells, which are cells that come from any person who has been born - including umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, skin and other organs. (archstl.org)
  • In addition, researchers must develop methods to efficiently direct the differentiation of embryonic stem cells to specific stable cell types. (scienceblog.com)
  • The principles of stem cell development and differentiation should be researched in animals. (cmq.org.uk)
  • What is cloning, and what does it have to do with stem cell research? (eurostemcell.org)
  • This form of cloning is unrelated to stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)
  • In a Science "Policy Forum" related to the team's latest findings, David Magnus and Mildred Cho from Stanford University in Palo Alto, CA discuss international oversight and ethical issues in oocyte donation, including the need to promote realistic expectations of the outcomes of stem cell research. (scienceblog.com)
  • This means that critical medical treatments can be refused patients or removed from them without their consent, live organs can be removed, or, as bioethicist Dr. Richard Frye (Senior Scholar, The Hastings Center) publishes, we have a strong moral obligation to use such non-person human beings ("possible people") in purely experimental destructive research for the greater good of society IN PLACE OF THE HIGHER PRIMATES WHO ARE PERSONS. (lifeissues.net)
  • The "pros" and "cons" of human cloning research have already been dealt with at length in the literature, so they will not be reviewed here. (lifeissues.net)
  • Rather, after having published analyses of dozens of state, national, federal and international legislative attempts to ban human cloning research, I simply wish to offer seriously considered suggestions for the use of scientifically accurate language and definitions to be used in such endeavors in order to prevent loopholes which would result in much human cloning not being really banned. (lifeissues.net)
  • Many of these accurate definitions can also be used in bills and treaties concerning related issues, e.g., human embryonic stem cell research, human genetic engineering, abortion, the use of abortifacients, conscience clauses, IVF and other artificial reproductive technology research and regulation, etc. (lifeissues.net)
  • Paul Wagle, M.A., discusses his experience with a life-saving adult stem cell treatment, and the importance of promoting ethical approaches to medical research. (flfamily.org)
  • CLI's Vice President and Research Director, Dr. David Prentice, recently joined Molly Smith, host of From the Median, to explain the science, history, and politics of stem cells. (flfamily.org)
  • Pro-cloning forces have been working hard to convince state governments to pass constitutional amendments enshrining a "right" to clone and to destroy embryos for research. (flfamily.org)
  • Recent and ongoing research suggests an alternative approach that can achieve the same goal (repair of damaged or diseased organs) without destroying human embryos. (reasons.org)
  • 3] An international research team genetically engineered pig cells that lacked a functional form of the gene that codes for a key enzyme involved in the production of the cell surface sugars that cause HAR. (reasons.org)
  • In fact, the research team oversaw the birth of four normal, healthy piglets with organs suitable for human transplants. (reasons.org)
  • Research ethics and lessons from Hwanggate: what can we learn from the Korean cloning fraud? (bmj.com)
  • Is a consensus possible on stem cell research? (bmj.com)
  • The petition recognizes that many "Canadians suffer from debilitating illnesses and diseases" and that the petitioners "support ethical stem cell research that has already shown encouraging potential to provide cures and therapies for these illnesses and diseases. (lifesitenews.com)
  • Embryonic stem cell technology is still at a preliminary research stage and announcements about its potential may be premature. (edu.au)
  • Experts from around the world are assessing the difficult issue of the extent to which embryonic stem cell research should be allowed to proceed, and to date there is little international consensus on this matter. (edu.au)
  • How, then, should embryonic stem cell research be regulated in Australia? (edu.au)
  • This issue was considered by the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs in its report entitled Human Cloning: Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Human Cloning and Stem Cell Research (hereafter the Andrews Report , after the Chair of the Committee, Mr Kevin Andrews, MP) released in September 2001. (edu.au)
  • In this article we examine embryonic stem cell research and explore the current regulatory framework associated with this research in Australia, with particular reference to the Andrews Report . (edu.au)
  • He told me that stem cell research carried the promise of a cure -- but that the Bush administration was blocking that research from happening. (ontheissues.org)
  • On the first day I enter the Oval Office, I will repeal the Bush restrictions on stem cell research. (ontheissues.org)
  • American feminists and women's health activists are debating on the difficult issue of human cloning and stem cell research. (boloji.com)
  • The bill also applies Federal ethical regulations on human subject research and outlaws the transfer of cloned embryos to a woman's uterus or to any artificial womb. (boloji.com)
  • At the same time, the statement calls for a five-year moratorium on the use of cloning to create human embryos for research purposes. (boloji.com)
  • There is a range of different views world-wide on the acceptability of research on embryonic stem cells. (cmq.org.uk)
  • Some forms of stem cell research such as the use of cells from adults or cord blood, are not controversial. (cmq.org.uk)
  • What are the potential medical benefits of stem cell research 9 what is the most likely time scale for realising them? (cmq.org.uk)
  • The possible benefits of stem cell research are unknown or at best speculative, though the prospects appear superficially attractive. (cmq.org.uk)
  • Scientists at Oregon Health & Science University and the Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC) have successfully reprogrammed human skin cells to become embryonic stem cells capable of transforming into any other cell type in the body. (ohsu.edu)
  • The research breakthrough, led by Shoukhrat Mitalipov, Ph.D. , a senior scientist at ONPRC, follows previous success in transforming monkey skin cells into embryonic stem cells in 2007. (ohsu.edu)
  • This latest research will be published in the journal Cell online May 15 and in print June 6. (ohsu.edu)
  • The research team found that chemically maintaining metaphase throughout the transfer process prevented the process from stalling and allowed the cells to develop and produce stem cells. (ohsu.edu)
  • This is a remarkable accomplishment by the Mitalipov lab that will fuel the development of stem cell therapies to combat several diseases and conditions for which there are currently no treatments or cures," said Dr. Dan Dorsa, Ph.D. , OHSU Vice President for Research. (ohsu.edu)
  • These political moralities are then used to examine current law and public policy in areas of bioethical concern, such as abortion, pre-birth testing, embryonic stem cell research, reproductive cloning, surrogate motherhood, voluntary euthanasia, and the treatment of newborn infants with severe disabilities. (monash.edu)
  • The unit also considers law and public policy in relation to informed consent, conflict of interest, and the regulation of research on humans. (monash.edu)
  • However, more research is needed to help understand the potential uses of amniotic fluid stem cells. (healthline.com)
  • A decade later, cloning came to the forefront in Missouri with the narrow passage of Amendment 2, a ballot initiative in 2006 that constitutionally protects embryonic stem-cell research and human cloning. (archstl.org)
  • The Catholic Church has always held that stem-cell research and therapies are morally acceptable, as long as they don't involve the creation and destruction of human embryos. (archstl.org)
  • Today, this technique continues to form the foundation for research on mammalian embryos, including technologies such as transgenic engineering, embryonic stem cell therapy, human in vitro fertilization, mammalian cloning, and knockout engineering. (avma.org)
  • Some in the biomedical community hope to develop techniques to generate replacement tissues from these embryonic stem cells. (reasons.org)
  • One such approach, called "xenotransplantation" (the transplantation of living cells, tissues, and organs from one species to another species), turns to pigs as a source of organs for human transplants. (reasons.org)
  • Stem cells may be derived from adult tissues but the most potent are extracted from developing human embryos. (edu.au)
  • These stem cells come from developed organs and tissues in the body. (healthline.com)
  • VICTORIA, May 31, 2002 (LSN.ca) - The B.C. Liberals tabled draft legislation to scrap the province's Human Rights Commission, leaving only a simple tribunal to hear complaints. (lifesitenews.com)
  • VICTORIA, May 31, 2002 (LSN.ca) - A coalition of Canadian organizations and individuals has launched an emergency petition campaign to address the serious flaws in Bill C-56, The Assisted Human Reproduction Act. (lifesitenews.com)
  • OTTAWA, May 31, 2002 (LSN.ca) - Dr. Dianne Irving, a leading international expert on new reproductive technologies, has reviewed the proposed Canadian legislation, Bill C-56 and has found it completely inadequate. (lifesitenews.com)
  • Their 'Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2002' would prohibit human reproductive cloning by imposing significant criminal and civil penalties in the form of fines (at least $1 million) and up to ten years in prison. (boloji.com)
  • In June 2002, numerous international organizations joined the Collective in issuing a statement on human cloning in which they called on Congress to pass a strong, effective ban on using human cloning to create a human being. (boloji.com)
  • The report arose out of a recommendation for the Committee to review the report of the Australian Health Ethics Committee (AHEC) of the NHMRC entitled Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Considerations Relevant to Cloning of Human Beings (hereafter the AHEC Report ). (edu.au)
  • Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
  • The use of the technique of nuclear transfer for reproduction of human beings is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and controversies and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)
  • 2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
  • 3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
  • 7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
  • 3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
  • General Assembly the adoption of a declaration on human cloning by which Member States were called upon to prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life. (who.int)
  • The work also moves scientists one step closer to the goal of transplanting healthy cells into humans to replace cells damaged by diseases such as Parkinson's and diabetes. (scienceblog.com)
  • Diseases or conditions that might be treated through stem cell therapy include Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, cardiac disease and spinal cord injuries. (ohsu.edu)
  • The stem cells could be studied in the laboratory to help researchers understand what goes wrong in diseases like these. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Before patient-specific stem cells can potentially be used in the clinic, a variety of issues must be addressed, the researchers emphasized. (scienceblog.com)
  • From the 185 donated oocytes, endowed with the genetic material from a different person (or in one case, the same person), the researchers report development of 31 hollow balls of cells called "human nuclear-transfer blastocysts. (scienceblog.com)
  • The researchers generated these stem cell lines ten times more efficiently than in their 2004 Science study, using improved laboratory methods. (scienceblog.com)
  • The researchers then used these cells as the source of genetic material to clone pigs with organs that lacked the sugar groups responsible for HAR. (reasons.org)
  • Through moving findings between monkey cells and human cells, the researchers were able to develop a successful method. (ohsu.edu)
  • But Takashi Shinohara, a reproductive biologist at Kyoto University in Japan, is among researchers who have doubts about the work: he notes that scientists have struggled to replicate several previous claims that sperm can be made in a dish. (scientificamerican.com)
  • The researchers merely place the stem cells in a matrix in appropriate conditions, then stand back and watch them do it. (frogheart.ca)
  • Since stem cells have the ability to turn into various other types of cells, scientists believe that they can be useful for treating and understanding diseases. (healthline.com)
  • Father Tad Pacholczyk is convinced that embryonic stem cells will someday cure diseases. (archstl.org)
  • We observe that diseases are significantly associated with gene modules expressed in relevant cell types, and our approach is accurate in predicting known drug-disease pairs and inferring mechanisms of action. (bvsalud.org)
  • More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. (wikiquote.org)
  • Clonaid's claim to have produced the first human clones propelled the ethical debate about human cloning to the headlines last December. (reasons.org)
  • Given this fanfare, the debate has tended to focus on reproductive cloning-the use of cloning to generate a human being-and its bizarre societal and familial side effects. (reasons.org)
  • and the general public debate about reproductive cloning. (edu.au)
  • Each of the 11 new human embryonic stem cell lines was created by transferring the nuclear genetic material from a non-reproductive cell of a patient into a donated egg, or "oocyte," whose nucleus had been removed. (scienceblog.com)
  • It involves transplanting the nucleus of one cell, containing an individual's DNA, into an egg cell that has had its genetic material removed. (ohsu.edu)
  • Furthermore, because these reprogrammed cells can be generated with nuclear genetic material from a patient, there is no concern of transplant rejection," explained Dr. Mitalipov. (ohsu.edu)
  • Metaphase is a stage in the cell's natural division process (meiosis) when genetic material aligns in the middle of the cell before the cell divides. (ohsu.edu)
  • For example, stem cells could be generated using the nuclear transfer process described above, with the donor adult cell coming from a patient with diabetes or Alzheimer's. (eurostemcell.org)
  • The Government has now used a legal loophole to allow cloning, relying on the 'defective' legal definition in that the technique (as in 'Dolly') used an unfertilised ovum. (cmq.org.uk)
  • When the cloning process is used in this way, to produce a living duplicate of an existing animal, it is commonly called reproductive cloning. (eurostemcell.org)
  • What are stem cells and why are they so fraught with both hope and controversy? (flfamily.org)
  • Though fraught with problems, reproductive cloning at least strives to reproduce a human being and, in principle, preserves the value of human life. (reasons.org)
  • These stem cells are genetically matched to the donor organism, holding promise for studying genetic disease. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Internal signals producing apoptosis depend on interactions of several proteins and may serve to protect the organism from cancer by killing cells that have pre-cancerous changes. (agemed.org)
  • A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
  • A number of scientists are trying to create life in the lab, specifically artificial cells. (reasons.org)
  • For example, Zhou and Zhao report that, on the basis of a genetic analysis, their artificial PGCs were similar to mouse cells at 12.5 days of development. (scientificamerican.com)
  • But Saitou and others say that artificial PGCs should look more like 9.5-day-old cell. (scientificamerican.com)
  • And other stages of germ-cell development occurred unexpectedly quickly: in a real mouse, it takes more than 4 weeks for the PGC to become a spermatid, for example, but the Chinese team reports a 14-day interval between artificial PGC and spermatid. (scientificamerican.com)
  • One of the less convincing aspects of the last fortnight's flurry of announcements about advances in simulating early human development (see here) concerned their name. (frogheart.ca)
  • Doctors have been performing stem cell transplants, also known as bone marrow transplants, for decades using hematopoietic stem cells in order to treat certain types of cancer. (healthline.com)
  • In this procedure, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced by the nucleus of a cell from another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
  • After being inserted into the egg, the adult cell nucleus is reprogrammed by the host cell. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Pig organ size and physiology are comparable to that of humans. (reasons.org)
  • For his pioneering work in the field of genetics, Dr. Ralph L. Brinster, the Richard King Mellon Professor of Reproductive Physiology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, has been awarded the 2010 National Medal of Science. (avma.org)
  • AN - check the tag INFANT HN - 2008 FX - Child Nutrition FX - Infant Nutrition Physiology FX - Milk FX - Milk, Human DH - Adolescent Nutrition DI - 052508 MN - SP6.021.067 MS - Nutrition of persons 10 through 19 years of age. (bvsalud.org)
  • check the tag ADOLESCENCE HN - 2008 BX - Nutrition in Adolescence FX - Adolescent Nutrition Physiology MH - Peritoneal Stomata UI - D054048 MN - A01.047.025.600.700 MN - A10.810 MS - Natural openings in the subdiaphragmatic lymphatic plexus in the PERITONEUM, delimited by adjacent mesothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Considered contrary to the moral law, since (it is in) opposition to the dignity both of human procreation and of the conjugal union. (wikiquote.org)
  • The focus on human dignity, human flourishing, and justice provides a normative basis. (anselmacademic.org)
  • This technique is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)
  • develop sufficient understanding of the ethics of regulating various reproductive and health care practices to provide a basis for forming your own views on these matters. (monash.edu)
  • The ethical and legal controversies that were aroused in the ART debates during the 1980s have been re-ignited with the development of stem cell technology. (edu.au)
  • Thus, a kind of 'regenerative medicine' gives people access to therapies derived from their own cells. (boloji.com)
  • It is believed that stem cell therapies hold the promise of replacing cells damaged through injury or illness. (ohsu.edu)
  • Further, cloning advocates are seeking to appropriate the language of reproductive rights and freedom of choice to support their case. (boloji.com)
  • Science, supported by the human genome project has already shown that many of the basic 'cell control' processes are common across a wide range within both animal and plant kingdoms. (cmq.org.uk)
  • Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
  • Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)
  • While there is much work to be done in developing safe and effective stem cell treatments, we believe this is a significant step forward in developing the cells that could be used in regenerative medicine. (ohsu.edu)
  • If the claim stands up to scrutiny, it could point the way to making human sperm in the lab for fertility treatments. (scientificamerican.com)
  • Aging is a physical process that doesn't normally reveal itself until after the completion of a species-specific interval of reproductive competence during which adults rear their progeny from childhood to independence (See Life History ). (agemed.org)
  • The process has been rife with delay, people caught within human rights complaints usually feel like they're lost in some kind of Kafkaesque nightmare. (lifesitenews.com)
  • In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
  • The key to this success was finding a way to prompt egg cells to stay in a state called "metaphase" during the nuclear transfer process. (ohsu.edu)
  • Now, Xiao-Yang Zhao, a development biologist at the Southern Medical University in Guangzhou, and Qi Zhou, a cloning specialist and stem-cell biologist at the Institute of Zoology in Beijing, along with colleagues from Nanjing Medical University, say that they have trumped Saitou's work by carrying out more of the process in a dish. (scientificamerican.com)
  • Practical implementation of reproductive cloning suffers significant problems. (reasons.org)
  • Let's say that one in a thousand cells were nevertheless viable, practical issues come into play. (wikiquote.org)
  • A patient transplanted with these cells would not suffer the problems associated with rejection. (eurostemcell.org)
  • The chief one is hyper-acute rejection (HAR)-the rejection of pig organs by the human recipient. (reasons.org)
  • Scientists have isolated the first human embryonic stem cell lines specifically tailored to match the nuclear DNA of patients, both males and females of various ages, suffering from disease or spinal cord injury. (scienceblog.com)
  • From the 31 nuclear-transfer blastocysts, the scientists derived 11 stem cell lines. (scienceblog.com)
  • Scientists are hoping that the cells can be made from someone's own skin to treat a disease. (healthline.com)
  • But some scientists are not convinced by the report, which is published today in Cell Stem Cell . (scientificamerican.com)
  • Other scientists raise specific concerns that mainly relate to the timing of the processes that lead to the sperm cells. (scientificamerican.com)
  • Currently, the procedure for isolating non-reproductive cells for the nuclear transfer method involves animal enzymes and serum. (scienceblog.com)
  • Human cloning involves creating embryos with the intent of implanting them in women to produce children. (boloji.com)
  • Other improvements over the last paper include the reduced use of animal products in laboratory procedures and better evidence that the cell lines matched the patients' cells and did not have a parthenogenetic origin, where unfertilized eggs can divide on their own. (scienceblog.com)
  • More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)
  • 1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
  • There is no way that human cloning could be developed without unethical mass experimentation on women and children,' they said. (boloji.com)
  • For example, the stem cells can differentiate into cells that display characteristics of skin and retina cells, muscle cell bundles, bone matrix cells and cells of the gastrointestinal and respiratory lining. (scienceblog.com)
  • Eventually, the cells begin to differentiate, taking on a certain function in a part of the body. (healthline.com)
  • Adult stem cells can't differentiate into as many other types of cells as embryonic stem cells can. (healthline.com)
  • They can differentiate into all types of specialized cells in the body. (healthline.com)
  • In their new paper, Science author Woo Suk Hwang from Seoul National University in Seoul, Korea and colleagues replaced the nuclei from donated oocytes with nuclei from skin cells from male and female patients, ranging in age from 2 to 56, who had spinal cord injuries, juvenile diabetes and the genetic disease "congenital hypogamma-globulinemia. (scienceblog.com)
  • Aging is not normally observed in wild populations, but typically manifests itself in zoos, as virtually all post-reproductive feral creatures are removed from the population by predators once they lose their agility. (agemed.org)
  • These cells can give rise to virtually any other type of cell in the body. (healthline.com)
  • The zygote divides into two cells, then four cells, and so on. (healthline.com)
  • When a stem cell divides, it can either remain a stem cell or turn into a differentiated cell, such as a muscle cell or a red blood cell. (healthline.com)