• Each stem cell can only proliferate a certain number of times due to the "Hayflick limit", and therefore uncontrolled proliferation can lead to loss of stem cell populations and premature aging. (news-medical.net)
  • It is a product of balanced contribution of many cellular processes, including proliferation, cell death, progenitor self-renewal and differentiation, that integrate cell extrinsic information and cell intrinsic potential. (fredhutch.org)
  • Apoptotic cells can produce signals to instruct cells in their local environment, including ones that stimulate engulfment and proliferation. (elifesciences.org)
  • WAT is characterised by its capacity to adapt and expand in response to surplus energy through processes of adipocyte hypertrophy and/or recruitment and proliferation of precursor cells in combination with vascular and extracellular matrix remodelling. (springer.com)
  • Extracellular ST6GAL1, present in cancer exosomes or the freely soluble recombinant sialyltransferase, compensates for insufficient intrinsic ST6GAL1 by boosting cancer cell proliferation and increasing invasiveness. (nature.com)
  • Our data indicate that extracellular ST6GAL1 from remote sources can compensate for cellular ST6GAL1-mediated aggressive tumor cell proliferation and invasive behavior and has great clinical potential for extracellular ST6GAL1 as these molecules are in the extracellular space should be easily accessible targets. (nature.com)
  • The latter findings point to the participation of Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling in the regulation of other aspects of growth, such as tissue expansion or turnover by cell proliferation. (jneurosci.org)
  • Tight control of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells exists to control proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis. (benthamscience.com)
  • However, the underlying mechanisms involved in the induction of genomic instability, genotoxicity, mutations and consequent increased cell proliferation are still a matter of intense research. (benthamscience.com)
  • In addition to its role in BMP signalling, our findings indicate that PAWS1 controls transcription, cell proliferation and migration and regulates embryogenesis. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Combined treatment with selumetinib and a dose of palbociclib sufficient to reinforce G1 arrest in selumetinib-sensitive cells, but not to impair proliferation of resistant cells, delays the emergence of resistant colonies, meaning that escape from G1 arrest is critical in the formation of resistant clones. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is produced by stromal and mesenchymal cells, and it stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, motility, morphogenesis and angiogenesis in various organs via tyrosine phosphorylation of its cognate receptor, Met. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling controls cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism in dividing cells. (concordia.ca)
  • 2004) mTOR is essential for growth and proliferation in early mouse embryos and embryonic stem cells. (concordia.ca)
  • Low levels of ROS can promote cell proliferation but high levels induce cell death [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells give rise to progeny that can populate the entire immunologic and hematopoietic systems through committed progenitors of both the lymphoid and myeloid lineages. (medscape.com)
  • Cancer is an unregulated proliferation of cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In preclinical and clinical studies, progenitor cell therapy (cord blood and mesenchymal stem cells) has shown promise in reversing the underlying pathology of SNHL, the loss of cochlear sensory hair cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Such development pattern shares an overlapping biological behavior with the growth plate, which is a process of mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into chondrogenic cells and then sequentially into fibrocartilage cells ( Killian, 2022 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • To compare the heterogeneities of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) derived from different donors and test their therapeutic variations in mouse liver fibrosis model. (researchsquare.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely tested for treating a variety of refectory medical indications such as type 1 diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease due to their multiple differentiation potentials and immunomodulation capability [1-5]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Thus, we attempted to present an overview of previously published reports to evaluate the progress and provide molecular basis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy and its application in preclinical and clinical settings, which could aid in designing an effective regenerative therapeutic strategy in the future. (hindawi.com)
  • It has been reported that Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6), a member of the sirtuin family of NAD + -dependent protein deacetylases, is involved in embryonic stem cell differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the crowning achievement arose in 2006 when researchers at Kyoto University discovered the necessary means to reprogram differentiated adult cells to possess embryonic stem cell-like functionality, as if reversing time itself. (papersowl.com)
  • The methodology included inducing differentiated somatic cells with the primary genes responsible for embryonic stem cell potency. (papersowl.com)
  • 2004) Disruption of the mouse mTOR gene leads to early postimplantation lethality and prohibits embryonic stem cell development. (concordia.ca)
  • Marking a vast leap in reproductive therapy, it became possible to isolate these human embryonic stem cells for reproductive purposes, such as in vitro fertilization. (papersowl.com)
  • In 2009 beginning of 2010 we have focused on investigating what factors human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) may produce that enhance regeneration and if those factors have any effects by themselves on regeneration. (ca.gov)
  • A potentially pre-clinical aspect of this thesis is detailed in paper №4 where I describe a robust protocol for the generation of functional mesDA neurons from human embryonic stem cells that are functional in a rat model of PD. (lu.se)
  • Thus, elaborate intracellular-mechanisms based on environmental signals are present to regulate the formation of these cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • As regulation is much more known in the CNS, its mechanisms and components will be focused on here. (wikipedia.org)
  • Understanding the mechanisms in which gliogenesis is regulated provides the potential to harness the ability to control the fate of glial cells and, consequently, the ability to reverse neurodegenerative diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mechanisms determining the ultimate fate of neural stem cells are conserved among both invertebrate and vertebrate species and are determined from extracellular cues generated from neighboring cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • To ensure proper temporal differentiation as well as correct quantities of glial cell formation, gliogenesis is subjected to stringent regulatory mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • The model will be useful for understanding the mechanisms by which the prostatic stem cell niche controls the tumorigeneis of prostatic cancer stem cells. (jcancer.org)
  • We study molecular and cellular mechanisms that are essential for tissue growth during development and tumorigenesis. (fredhutch.org)
  • EGF stimulates tissue growth by initiating a variety of cellular mechanisms. (asu.edu)
  • The mechanisms by which niche molecules and intrinsic factors regulate muscle stem cell quiescence and properties remain largely unknown. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Here, we summarise the mechanisms contributing to adipose tissue (AT) plasticity and function including characteristics and cellular complexity of the various adipose depots and we discuss recent insights into AT origins, identification of adipose precursors, pathophysiological regulation of adipogenesis and its relation to WAT/BAT expandability in obesity and its associated comorbidities. (springer.com)
  • Cancer cell-extrinsic mechanisms, which are poorly understood, are also believed to contribute to disease progression and the heterogeneous genetic mutations with diverse presentations. (nature.com)
  • Our work is at the stage of understanding the molecular mechanisms by which the aging of the regenerative potential of organ stem cells can be reversed by particular human embryonic factors that are capable of neutralizing the affects of aged niches on tissue regenerative capacity. (ca.gov)
  • this process often begins with mutations that inactivate normal cellular mechanisms for monitoring the fidelity of DNA replication, resulting in the rapid accumulation of mutations in genes involved in controlling the growth and death of cells. (ernolaszlo.com)
  • The objective of this study was to provide a generalized critique for the role of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in ischemic stroke injury, its underlying mechanisms, and constraints on its preclinical and clinical applications. (hindawi.com)
  • Herein, we presented an overview of a previously published work regarding the role of stem cell therapy in ischemic stroke and its underlying molecular mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
  • Such dysfunctions of osteoblasts may be caused by extrinsic mechanisms, such as changes in levels of systemic hormones and growth factors of bone tissues, and intrinsic mechanisms such as cellular apoptosis and senescence [2C4]. (nostradamus2018.com)
  • of the most critical events which lead to tissue patterning involves mechanisms going beyond single cells. (lu.se)
  • Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
  • Therefore, in this review, we avoid a lengthy repetition of the description of autophagy and cell death processes and focus on the death-promoting roles of autophagy and the intertwined connection between autophagy and apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • We identified a novel mode of communication by which apoptotic cells induce additional apoptosis in the same tissue. (elifesciences.org)
  • Strong induction of apoptosis in one compartment of the Drosophila wing disc causes apoptosis of cells in the other compartment, indicating that dying cells can release long-range death factors. (elifesciences.org)
  • The tissues of developing organisms can be shaped by apoptosis, a form of regulated cell killing. (elifesciences.org)
  • Apoptosis has been thought to resemble a form of silent suicide by cells, but more recent work suggests that apoptotic cells can also transmit signals. (elifesciences.org)
  • created 'undead' cells in which one of these proteins was turned on, but other downstream proteins (that are responsible for the cellular execution phase of apoptosis) had been turned off: these cells were undergoing apoptosis, but could not complete the process and die. (elifesciences.org)
  • Strikingly, undead cells in the posterior (back) region of the wing imaginal disc-the tissue in the larva that gives rise to the wing in the adult fruit fly-could trigger apoptosis in cells in the anterior (front) half. (elifesciences.org)
  • found that the JNK pathway activated apoptosis in anterior cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • when Eiger was absent from posterior cells in the wing imaginal disc, apoptosis in anterior cells ceased, indicating that Eiger might signal at long range. (elifesciences.org)
  • Apoptosis is a distinct form of programmed cell death in which cells activate an intrinsic suicide program to self-destruct. (elifesciences.org)
  • This process plays a major role in development and tissue homeostasis, and abnormal regulation of apoptosis is associated with a variety of human diseases ( Fuchs and Steller, 2011 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • However, apoptosis has been traditionally regarded as a silent process that does not affect surrounding tissues. (elifesciences.org)
  • Differentiation and apoptosis have cell cycle withdraw in common, while cancer and degenerative processes both show altered control of the cell cycle. (benthamscience.com)
  • In addition to inducing necrosis and apoptosis, ROS induces autophagic cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Accelerated hematopoietic cell apoptosis has been demonstrated in virtually all IBMFS. (medscape.com)
  • It involves the formation of highly specialized neurons within the brain, both in fetal and adult growth. (news-medical.net)
  • When neurons develop within embryos, the neural stem cells differentiate in a highly controlled manner. (news-medical.net)
  • Upon stimulation, stem cells within the subventricular and subgranular zones begin to proliferate to form neuroblasts, eventually maturing into neurons. (news-medical.net)
  • Once activated, they proliferate to form transit-amplifying cell, which develop into immature neurons. (news-medical.net)
  • Neurodegeneration is a natural process which occurs in adult brains, particularly at older age, in which neurons are broken down. (news-medical.net)
  • Following the generation of neural stem cells, an option is presented to proceed to enter neurogenesis and form new neurons within the CNS, shift into gliogenesis, or remain in a pluripotent cell state. (wikipedia.org)
  • During periods in which glial cell formation is discouraged, neural stem cells have the option to remain pluripotent or switch pathway lineages and begin forming neurons during neurogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • His scientific career stretched from the early 1920s as a student of Hans Spemann to the late 1980s at Washington University resolving the role of nerve growth factor in the life of neurons. (asu.edu)
  • This is consistent with a negative-feedback loop, in which newly generated neurons modulate cell division of SVZ stem cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • Using a combination of biochemical, behavioral, and imaging approaches, we found that mice lacking mTOR in VIP neurons displayed erratic circadian behavior and weakened synchronization among cells in the SCN, the master circadian pacemaker in mammals. (concordia.ca)
  • Many neurological pathologies are caused by malfunction of telencephalic neurons, as a result of neurodegenerative processes (e.g. (intechopen.com)
  • CRT aims to replace neurons that have degenerated in PD, with donor cells that have the potential to functionally re-integrate into the host circuitry. (lu.se)
  • This involves transplantation of developing midbrain cells from aborted fetuses, (the part that form mesDA neurons), into the striatum of a PD patient. (lu.se)
  • Tissue growth is a fundamental biological process that generates functional organs in development, and maintains them in the adulthood through continuous cycles of renewal and repair. (fredhutch.org)
  • Santiago Ramón y Cajal suggested that nerve growth is due to the extension of nerve fibers as they push through tissue. (asu.edu)
  • The levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were measured in PC12 cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
  • GSOs also mitigated the deleterious effects of GLU on the mitochondrial membrane potential and Cyt C release, thus alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased GSH levels and CAT activity in both cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
  • PCD has fundamental functions in tissue development and homeostasis, as PCD is activated to sculpt or remove structures, regulate cell numbers, and eliminate unnecessary or dysfunctional cells. (nature.com)
  • In contrast, adult stem cells can only give rise to differentiated somatic cells of the particular tissue from which these cells originated (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
  • Until recently, it was believed that they were tissue-specific…however, this concept has been challenged… (multipotent cells) can differentiate in vitro and in vivo into various cell types not only from the tissue of origin" (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
  • These processes model and shape tissue and organ relationships in multicellular organisms. (benthamscience.com)
  • In spite of tissue origin, many other elements such as culture method and further modulations also influence the heterogeneity of MSCs, leading to differential gene expression profiles, growth phenotype, and differentiation potentials [15-17]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Finally, our data suggest that muscle stem cells either do not accumulate DNA damage with age or can efficiently repair such damage, when activated for tissue regeneration. (ca.gov)
  • Thus, the use of hESC-produced pro-regenerative factors for boosting the regenerative capacity of organ stem cells is likely to yield healthy, young tissue. (ca.gov)
  • Although functional organ stem cells persist in the old, tissue damage invariably overwhelms tissue repair, ultimately causing the demise of an organism. (ca.gov)
  • In this research, we applied integrated proteomics, statistical, and network biology techniques to study proteome-level changes to bone tissue cells in response to two different conditions, normal loading and fatigue loading . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conditional Met KO mice were generated using Cre‑loxP methodology and characterization of these mice indicated that the HGF‑Met signaling pathway is essential in regeneration, protection, and homeostasis in various tissue types and cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Osteocytes are cocooned in fluid-filled cavities (lacunae) within the mineralized bone and are highly abundant, accounting for 90C95% of most bone tissue cells [13]. (nostradamus2018.com)
  • These dendrite-like processes form a interact and network with various other osteocytes and with osteoblasts in the bone tissue surface area [14]. (nostradamus2018.com)
  • Recent advances in live imaging and genetics of mammalian division, movement and cell differentiation leading to development which integrate observations of biochemical tissue formation [14 ]. (lu.se)
  • Use of human fetal tissue raises several ethical issues, but are there alternative cell sources that can substitute effectively? (lu.se)
  • Through understanding functional recovery in terms of neuronal subtype and connectivity, the work presented in this thesis aims to bring the prospect of CRT closer to the clinic, I also describe the generation of a very promising alternative cell source that could rival fetal tissue. (lu.se)
  • Niches are special microenvironments in tissue where stem cells are located. (bvsalud.org)
  • Likewise, the knowledge of stem cell biology is crucial to the development of stem cell therapies, based on tissue engineering applied to dentistry, seeking the regeneration of dental tissues damaged or lost by caries, trauma or genetic diseases. (bvsalud.org)
  • Likewise, these cells give rise to progenitor cells committed to a particular cell lineage, and play a crucial role in tissue repair and homeostasis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Epidermal growth factor is a signaling molecule that stimulates the growth of epidermal tissues during development and throughout life. (asu.edu)
  • Enthesis development has historically been studied with lineage tracing of individual genes selected a priori, which does not allow for the determination of single-cell landscapes yielding mature cell types and tissues. (elifesciences.org)
  • Totipotent stem cells contain all the constituents necessary to produce a living being, given that these cells can supply all embryonic and extraembryonic tissues required for proper growth (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
  • Stress-adaptive cell plasticity in target tissues and cells for plant biomass growth is important for yield stability. (frontiersin.org)
  • The poor performance of stem cells in an aged organ, such as skeletal muscle, is caused by the changes in regulatory pathways such as Notch, MAPK and TGF‐β, where old differentiated tissues and blood circulation inhibit the regenerative performance of organ stem cells. (ca.gov)
  • In fatigue loading, microdamage such as small cracks in bone tissues may appear, triggering a cascade of bone remodeling processes that attempt to repair damaged bone tissues via sequential bone resorption and formation [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This process requires temporal coordination of osteoblast and osteoblast to repair damaged bone tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mononuclear myeloid cells include terminally differentiated macrophages and dendritic cells (DC), as well as monocytes, which under inflammatory conditions differentiate in tissues to macrophages and DCs. (aacrjournals.org)
  • LN metastases have the potential to seed additional tissues and can induce metastatic tolerance, a process by which tumor-specific immune tolerance in LNs promotes further disease progression. (stanford.edu)
  • HGF is produced and secreted by adjacent stromal and mesenchymal cells, it contributes to the development of epithelial organs in a paracrine fashion, exerts regenerative effects on epithelia in the liver, kidney, lung, and other tissues, and promotes the regression of fibrosis in numerous organs ( 7 , 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Understanding how stem cells behave in the niche is extremely important in order to extract these cells from their natural habitat, expand them in vitro and transplant the stem cells back to the patient, to repair and/or regenerate tissues and organs, with no risks to the individual's integrity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therapies based on the application of stem cells have great potential in the prevention and treatment of several diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, spinal cord injuries, neurological diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, and in the regeneration of various tissues and organs. (bvsalud.org)
  • dGLYAT was found to regulate Gadd45 -mediated JNK pathway activation and cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)
  • Mouse somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by defined factors known to regulate pluripotency, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Differentiated somatic cells can be reprogrammed into a pluripotent-like state through four defined factors known to regulate pluripotency, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sirt6 was previously reported to regulate many different biological processes like genome stability, glucose metabolism, and tumor suppression [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • found that TNF is produced by apoptotic cells in hair follicles, and that blocking TNF inhibits the death of other cells in the same cohort: this suggests that a common mechanism could regulate the communal death of cells in flies and mammals. (elifesciences.org)
  • These hormones regulate the body's growth, and are involved in cell to cell communication, control metabolic activity, sleep-wake homeostasis, and altered regulation or dysregulation of adaptive response in various physiologic and pathophysiologic states. (medscape.com)
  • Most human prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas, which originate from the epithelial cells that line the glands and ducts of prostate [ 2 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • Aggressive breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease caused by a variety of distinct cell-intrinsic genetic alterations in mammary epithelial cells, leading to vastly heterogenic disease manifestation in individual patients and predominantly affecting patient prognosis and treatment options [ 14 ]. (nature.com)
  • HGF was cloned as a growth factor for hepatocytes ( 1 , 2 ), is identical to scatter factor (SF) and was originally discovered as a fibroblast-derived cell motility factor for epithelial cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The production of terminally differentiated cells from such cells, therefore, requires successive changes of cell fates, meaning that genes relevant for the next stage of differentiation must be switched on and genes not relevant anymore must be switched off. (amegroups.org)
  • The expression patterns of stem cell-specific genes of these DU145 cells were examined. (jcancer.org)
  • Our goal is to identify genes and gene pathways that can be used as targets in cancer therapy with a particular focus on the regulators of the balance between stem cell renewal and differentiation. (fredhutch.org)
  • RNA sequencing was measured to identify the differential expressed genes due to loss of Sirt6 in somatic and pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Notably, we found that Notch/RBPJ-bound regulatory elements are located adjacent to specific collagen genes in adult muscle stem cells, and investigated how extrinsic cues assure stem cell quiescence. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • In the present study, we report a dynamic and correlated expression of carrot AOX genes ( DcAOX1 and DcAOX2a ) during PCS lag phase and during exponential growth. (frontiersin.org)
  • Both genes showed an increase in transcript levels until 36 h after explant inoculation, and a subsequent down-regulation, before the initiation of exponential growth. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, single-cell RNA-profiling at individual stages demonstrated the presence of detailed co-expression modules and subpopulations showing stable co-expression modules such as that of the core pluripotency genes at all stages. (rubendries.com)
  • Bone cells can sense physical forces and convert mechanical stimulation conditions into biochemical signals that lead to expression of mechanically sensitive genes and proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, it is still poorly understood how genes and proteins in bone cells are orchestrated to respond to mechanical stimulations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By carefully developing protein selection filters and statistical models, we were able to identify 42 proteins representing 21 Rat genes that were significantly associated with bone cells' response to quantitative changes between normal loading and fatigue loading conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It still remains unknown what all the mechanically-sensitive genes and proteins in bone cells under mechanical stress are and how their differential expressions are regulated [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Setting aside sporadic mutations, every somatic cell in the body contains an identical genome with an identical complement of genes, each of which encodes a specific protein. (ernolaszlo.com)
  • Thus, gene expression must be tightly regulated so that only appropriate genes are expressed in a particular cell type. (ernolaszlo.com)
  • Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • The precise pathophysiology of inherited single cell and multilineage cytopenias has not been elucidated despite the identification of many of the genes mutated in these disorders. (medscape.com)
  • Firstly, loss of dGLYAT suppressed scrib depletion- or Egr overexpression-induced JNK pathway activation and invasive cell migration. (sdbonline.org)
  • In addition, we identified a microRNA pathway that is modulated by Notch, and that is required for stabilizing muscle stem cells in their niche by regulating the migration capacity of the muscle stem cell. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Eiger is produced in apoptotic cells and, through activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, is able to propagate the initial apoptotic stimulus. (elifesciences.org)
  • The Wnt pathway mediates the biological processes of the canonical or non-canonical pathway, depending on the involvement of β-catenin in signal transduction. (chemdiv.com)
  • The recently described role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the regulation of immune cell infiltration of microenvironment tumor resumes interest because of its potential impact to rection of immune therapy. (chemdiv.com)
  • Our combinatorial experimental approach demon- strates how intrinsically complex transcriptional regulation within a given pathway is during cell fate/state transitions. (rubendries.com)
  • This complex process is regulated by the interplay of transcription factors with a chromatin environment, both of which provide the epigenetic information maintaining cell-type specific gene expression patterns. (amegroups.org)
  • The stimulus for the change of cell fate originates from extrinsic signals which set a cascade of intracellular processes in motion that eventually terminate at the genome leading to changes in gene expression and the development of alternate gene regulatory networks. (amegroups.org)
  • The development of the hematopoietic system has long served as model to understand how changes in gene regulatory networks drive the differentiation of the various blood cell types. (amegroups.org)
  • In the developing embryo, TFs regulating the assembly/disassembly of transcriptional complexes and ultimately gene expression, are directed by complex extrinsic signalling processes which connect all cells within a multi-cellular organism to their environment. (amegroups.org)
  • ExRNAs may be transferred between cells and have functional significance in health and diseases by horizontal gene regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many RNA species have been found in eukaryotic cells by interpretations of gene transcription within genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene expression-based prognostic signatures have a significant effect on predicting the survival of patients with malignant tumors, such as non-small cell lung cancer [ 7 ] and pediatric acute myeloid leukemia [ 8 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • The technology we have described to rapidly produce endogenous reporter systems using CRISPR/Cas9 can be readily applied to study the regulation of transcription of any gene. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Cooperative actions of extrinsic signals and cell-intrinsic transcription factors alter gene regulatory networks enabling cells to respond appropriately to environmental cues. (rubendries.com)
  • To understand intra-family transcriptional regulation as part of this system's actions during development, we selected 95 of its components and investigated their mRNA-expression dynamics, gene-gene interac- tions and single-cell expression heterogeneity in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) transiting to neural progenitors. (rubendries.com)
  • This exposed an intri- cate system of multi-level regulation whereby the majority of gene-gene interactions display a marked cell-stage specific behavior. (rubendries.com)
  • Epigenetic alterations, acting both independently and together with increasing mutational burden, genomic instability, and stem cell exhaustion, can influence gene expression in ways that promote aging (Saul 2021). (ernolaszlo.com)
  • Recent data show that these extrinsic environmental factors synergize with intrinsic age-related changes to influence epigenetic regulation of gene expression, ultimately contributing to the visible-and invisible-signs of skin aging (Chevalier 2019). (ernolaszlo.com)
  • Subsequent sections focus on the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and its relevance to skin aging. (ernolaszlo.com)
  • However, cell types are differentiated by their program of gene expression. (ernolaszlo.com)
  • When a signal is sent to express a specific gene, the DNA sequence encoding that gene is used as a template to produce single-stranded RNA in a process called transcription. (ernolaszlo.com)
  • Our findings demonstrate that acquisition of MEK inhibitor resistance often occurs through gene amplification and can be suppressed by impeding cell cycle entry in drug. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Various growth factors, cytokines, and prostaglandins upregulate HGF gene expression, including basic fibroblast growth factor, oncostatin M, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • By contrast, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 was demonstrated to markedly downregulate HGF gene expression ( 10 , 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Using the Cre-LoxP system, the mTOR gene was specifically knocked out in cells expressing Vip (vasoactive intestinal peptide), which represent a major population of interneurons widely distributed in the neocortex, suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), olfactory bulb (OB), and other brain regions. (concordia.ca)
  • Knockdown of autophagy-related gene 5 inhibited basal autophagy and diminished oxidative stress-induced autophagy and cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Achieving systematic, genome-scale perturbations within intact biological systems is important for elucidating gene function and epigenetic regulation. (cdc.gov)
  • Regulation of skeletal muscle stem cells during homeostasis and regeneration involves the interplay of extrinsic and intrinsic cues. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Autophagy serves as a major cytoprotective process by maintaining cellular homeostasis and recycling cytoplasmic contents. (nature.com)
  • β-catenin is a multipurpose and evolutionarily conserved molecule that plays a critical role by metazoans in a variety of processes in development and homeostasis. (chemdiv.com)
  • Skeletal muscle growth and regeneration involves the activity of resident adult stem cells, namely satellite cells (SC). (sdbonline.org)
  • RACK1 was expressed transiently in the skeletal muscle of post-natal mice, being abundant in the early phase of muscle growth and almost disappearing in adult mature fibers. (sdbonline.org)
  • That is to say, one type of stem cell may be capable of differentiating into all adult cell types, while another may only be capable of maturing into one specific somatic cell type. (papersowl.com)
  • On a macro scale, the two classifications of stem cells are embryonic and adult stem cells. (papersowl.com)
  • To delve further into the specifics, embryonic and adult stem cells fall into potency categories reflecting their ability to differentiate: totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, and unipotent. (papersowl.com)
  • Using these definitions, embryonic stem cells can be classified as totipotent or pluripotent at different developmental stages and locations, whereas adult stem cells can be categorized as pluripotent, multipotent, or unipotent (Figure 1). (papersowl.com)
  • In the early 1980s, scientists began to exploit two major classes of stem cells: embryonic and non-embryonic, or adult stem cells. (papersowl.com)
  • Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a branch of a functional network that is involved in a broad range of biological systems including stem cells, embryonic development and adult organs. (chemdiv.com)
  • In the adult mammalian subventricular zone (SVZ), GFAP-positive neural stem cells (NSCs) generate neuroblasts that migrate tangentially along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) toward the olfactory bulb (OB). (jneurosci.org)
  • Our findings reveal a new unprecedented function for Nogo-A and NgR1 in the homeostatic regulation of the pace of neurogenesis in the adult mouse SVZ and in the migration of neuroblasts along the RMS. (jneurosci.org)
  • B ) Histological cross section through an adult mouse testis depicting seminiferous tubules, the peritubular myoid cells, and the interstitium (space between tubules). (jci.org)
  • These are critical stages for both larval development and adult growth/regeneration but temporally and spatially separated. (gu.se)
  • Previous work in our group on Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) and nervous system development has highlighted the important role that these growth factors appear to play in key aspects of adult growth and regenerative development. (gu.se)
  • to develop a deep understanding of key early developmental events shared in both larval and adult echinoderms, with a special emphasis on cell lineage and skeletogenesis. (gu.se)
  • Some adult stem cell niches have already been described, but the majority of them remain unclear, including the dental pulp stem cell niches. (bvsalud.org)
  • Finally, microglial cells are derived from glial precursors and carry out macrophage-like properties to remove cellular and foreign debris within the central nervous system ref. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conclusions reached from these studies have directed attention to specific signaling molecules and effector pathways that are responsible for mediating the cellular events required for maintaining or changing the neural stem cell fate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Growth is a net result of cellular processes specific to the physiological system. (fredhutch.org)
  • By employing proteomic and cell-based approaches, we have determined that each FAM83 member has unique interacting partners and subcellular localization profile, suggesting specific cellular roles. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Signaling by Transforming Growth Factor type β (TGFβ) family ligands (eg, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins [BMPs] and Activins/Nodal) exerts cell-type specific and context-dependent transcriptional changes, thereby steering cellular transitions throughout embryogenesis. (rubendries.com)
  • The field started changing in the late 1990s when the Gr1 + CD11b + cellular phenotype was suggested as defining the immune-suppressive myeloid cells in spleens of mice and when these cells were shown to be phenotypically similar but functionally distinct from monocytes and neutrophils ( 2, 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Organisms living in an aerobic environment require oxygen for their vital cellular processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • not unique for the embryonic system but are shared by other ogenesis regulation must consider different scales of multi-cellular modeling areas. (lu.se)
  • Approximately half of congenital SNHL is hereditary and is the result of genetic mutations causing improper development of cochlear hair cells. (intechopen.com)
  • We will present a summary of the effect of hearing loss on auditory development, existing preclinical and clinical data on progenitor cell therapy, and its potential role in the (re)habilitation of non-genetic SNHL. (intechopen.com)
  • Our endogenous reporter cells provide a robust platform for further high throughput chemical and genetic screening. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • This white paper will first provide a brief refresher on the central paradigm of molecular biology, the rigorously controlled process by which genetic information flows within cells and biological systems. (ernolaszlo.com)
  • ERKi treatment of cells drives the poly-ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent turnover of ERK2 and pharmacological or genetic inhibition of Cullin-RING E3 ligases prevents this. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Later, I pursued my Ph.D. at Lund University, focusing on the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells using genetic mouse models under the guidance of Stefan Karlsson. (lu.se)
  • This process starts when the ectoderm forms a neural plate, which is subsequently arranged to form a neural groove, and then fused to form a neural tube and crest. (news-medical.net)
  • Neural stem cells are located within the ventricular zone, where they divide to form the ventricular system of the brain. (news-medical.net)
  • Alternately, within the subventricular zones, neural progenitor cells migrate via the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb, where they differentiate further into many types of highly specialised neuron. (news-medical.net)
  • Therefore, even though neural stem cells are only located in two areas, they can still differentiate to form many varieties of neuron. (news-medical.net)
  • Gliogenesis is the generation of non-neuronal glia populations derived from multipotent neural stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Integrative and perturbation based analysis of the transcriptional dynamics of TGFβ/BMP system components in transition from embryonic stem cells to neural progenitors. (rubendries.com)
  • Cell invasion is a crucial step of tumor metastasis , finding new regulators of which offers potential drug targets for cancer therapy. (sdbonline.org)
  • However, emerging evidence suggests that autophagy is a primary mechanism of cell death (autophagic cell death, ACD) and implicates ACD in several aspects of mammalian physiology, including tumor suppression and psychological disorders. (nature.com)
  • Tumor-native ST6GAL1 promotes tumor cell behaviors such as invasion and resistance to cell stress and chemo- and radio-treatments. (nature.com)
  • The impact of this non-canonical extrinsic mechanism of ST6GAL1 on tumor cell pathobiology is not known. (nature.com)
  • We found that shRNA knockdown of intrinsic ST6GAL1 expression resulted in decreased ST6GAL1 cargo in the exosome-like vesicles as well as decreased breast tumor cell growth and invasive behavior in 3D in vitro cultures. (nature.com)
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) is a member of the VEGF family of receptor tyrosine kinase proteins, which are expressed on both endothelial and tumor cells, are one of the key proteins contributing to cancer development, and are involved in drug resistance. (researchgate.net)
  • However, in cancer, myeloid cells are largely converted to serve a new master-tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • These cells have emerged as an important contributor to tumor progression. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Reports on the accumulation of immune-suppressive myeloid cells associated with tumor progression were published sporadically beginning in the early 1970s ( 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • The observations of the accumulation in spleens and tumors of large numbers of these cells with potent immune-suppressive activity were readily reproducible in most murine tumor models. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We show that an epigenetically instilled tumor-intrinsic interferon response program confers enhanced LN metastatic potential by enabling the evasion of NK cells and promoting LN colonization. (stanford.edu)
  • LN metastases resist T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, induce antigen-specific regulatory T cells, and generate tumor-specific immune tolerance that subsequently facilitates distant tumor colonization. (stanford.edu)
  • How developmental trajectories are encoded in the genome and how the interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic processes regulates development is one of the major questions in developmental biology. (amegroups.org)
  • We found that Sirt6 is highly expressed in pluripotent stem cells and also it regulates the efficiency of somatic reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this Review, we briefly outline the roles that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone play in regulating spermatogenesis and describe our current understanding of how vitamin A regulates germ cell differentiation and how it may lead to the generation of both the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave. (jci.org)
  • It produces 2 hormones: vasopressin, which causes blood pressure to rise and regulates the amount of water in the body's cells, and oxytocin, which causes the uterus to contract during childbirth and lactation to begin. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, the relationship between autophagy and cell death remains unclear and warrants further study to harness autophagy for the treatment of various human diseases. (nature.com)
  • Overexpression of IRS-1 resulted in inhibition of basal autophagy, and reduced oxidative stress-induced autophagy and cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In Drosophila with depleted RACK1 in all muscle cells or, specifically, in SC lineage resulted in a delayed recovery of skeletal muscle after physical damage as well as the low presence of active SC in the wound area. (sdbonline.org)
  • There are also epigenetic factors which are utilized in the control of neurogenesis, as well as cytokines, morphogens, neurotransmitters and growth factors. (news-medical.net)
  • Recently, alteration of epigenetic state including DNA methylation and discrete alteration of histone modification have been demonstrated to play a critical role during this process [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To further understand the epigenetic regulators for specific lineage differentiation from iPS cell would have great significance for potential regeneration therapy and human disease modeling [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • No evidence of tumour formation was observed in the transplanted animals, a major concern when utilising a pluripotent cell source. (lu.se)
  • We also highlight recent studies identifying the cis -regulatory elements such as enhancers at the global level and explain how their developmental activity is regulated by the cooperation of cell-type specific and ubiquitous transcription factors with extrinsic signals. (amegroups.org)
  • Little is known about coordinated regulation and tran- scriptional interplay of the TGFβ system. (rubendries.com)
  • Progenitor cell therapy may also allow functional reorganization of the auditory pathways including primary auditory cortex (Heschl's gyrus). (intechopen.com)
  • At these sites, which are a compound of stromal cells, extracellular matrix and soluble factors, complex molecular interactions that maintain the essential properties of stem cells occur, such as self-renewal and differentiation into multiple lineages, according to the organism's needs. (bvsalud.org)
  • 1. Wullschleger S, Loewith R, Hall MN (2006) TOR signaling in growth and metabolism. (concordia.ca)
  • The endocrine system-the other communication system in the body-is made up of endocrine glands that produce hormones, chemical substances released into the bloodstream to guide processes such as metabolism, growth, and sexual development. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, understanding the complex process of the enthesis morphogenesis and maturation during development may inform strategies for enhanced BTJ healing. (elifesciences.org)
  • In "The Outgrowth of the Nerve Fiber as a Mode of Protoplasmic Movement," Ross Granville Harrison explores the growth of nerve fibers in vitro. (asu.edu)
  • In vitro systems with reproducible cell plasticity can help to identify relevant metabolic and molecular events during early cell reprogramming. (frontiersin.org)
  • This variability in response, known as in vitro recalcitrance, could be described as varying capacity for plant cells to adapt to new environmental conditions, i.e., the capacity to develop and express new cell programs. (frontiersin.org)
  • We tested the hypothesis that the stromal cells from PZ and transitional zone (TZ) have differential effects on the ability of tumorigenesis. (jcancer.org)
  • Stromal cells isolated from the PZ and TZ of normal human prostates mixed with DU145 cells subcutaneously injected into athymic nude mice. (jcancer.org)
  • The C-Kit inhibitor, imatinib mesylate, was administrated to confirm the effect of stromal cells on the tumorigenesis. (jcancer.org)
  • The volume and weight of tumors were significantly higher in mice transplanted with DU145 and stromal cells from PZ. (jcancer.org)
  • In contrast, the data was significantly lower with DU145 and stromal cells from TZ than DU145 alone. (jcancer.org)
  • The purified DU145 cells isolated from the tumors with DU145 and stromal cells in PZ had increased ability to migrate and proliferate, and had increased expression of C-Kit. (jcancer.org)
  • These effects of the stromal cells in the PZ on DU145 cells could be blocked using imatinib mesylate. (jcancer.org)
  • in contrast, the stromal cells in the TZ inhibit it through down-regulating the expression of C-Kit. (jcancer.org)
  • ERK levels are generally higher in cancer cells adjacent to stromal cells at the invasive front and lower in more central areas of cancer specimens. (researchgate.net)
  • Gliogenesis results in the formation of non-neuronal glia populations from neuronal cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Particularly, by performing transcriptome analysis, we observed that several pluripotent transcriptional factors increase in knockout cell line, which explains the underlying loss of pluripotency in Sirt6-null iPS-like cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although the current generation of dCas9-based transcription activators is able to achieve up-regulation of some endogenous loci, the magnitude of transcriptional up-regulation achieved by individual single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) 12 typically ranges from low to ineffective 8 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
  • Ident- cult to deduce interaction rules from observations of the ified transcription factors for specific cell fates are, for entire system. (lu.se)
  • AiA provides a mechanism to explain cohort behavior of dying cells that is seen both in normal development and under pathological conditions. (elifesciences.org)
  • Although this process can occur in individual cells, apoptotic signals may also dictate the 'communal death' of many cells simultaneously. (elifesciences.org)
  • Only more recently has it become clear that apoptotic cells are the source of signals that can have profound effects on their neighbors. (elifesciences.org)
  • This fits with our recently published work showing that young muscle regenerates well from strong growth factor signaling and low TGF-beta signals while old muscle regenerated poorly due to weak growth factor signaling and high TGF-beta signaling. (ca.gov)
  • In the next reporting period we will re-confirm that the levels of candidate proteins from the 500 antibody array actually are very highly produced by hESCs and that the signals from these proteins are perceived by regenerating muscle cells. (ca.gov)
  • Classical activation of these cells takes place as a response to strong signals that usually come in the form of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) molecules. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Hematopoietic cells are almost totally absent. (medscape.com)
  • The microenvironment, consisting of lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial elements, and stroma in which hematopoietic cells reside, creates a regulatory niche that determines the local area network. (medscape.com)
  • Before delving into the molecular biology and therapeutic potentials of induced pluripotent stem cells, it is crucial to provide foundational definitions and descriptions. (papersowl.com)
  • An insight into the biology of ischemic stroke indicates that a stream of molecular events initiates instantly after the onset of ischemic stroke, such as oxidative stress, increased level of intracellular calcium, excitotoxicity, and inflammation which results in apoptotic or necrotic neuronal cell death [ 12 - 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • My expertise lies in molecular and developmental biology with a focus on stem cell behaviour and molecular bases of growth and regeneration. (gu.se)
  • It is now timely that the huge advances made in genomics, cell and molecular biology that have undeniably had a major influence in Biomedicine are deployed to help understand and predict the global consequences of ocean acidification. (gu.se)
  • Mattias Magnusson joined the Research School in Stem Cell Biology as its Executive Coordinator earlier in 2023. (lu.se)
  • Lund Stem Cell Center's Research School in Stem Cell Biology has a new Executive Coordinator, Mattias Magnusson. (lu.se)
  • However, around five years ago, I shifted my research towards lung biology, specifically the airway epithelium, studying stem cells in the airway and their connection to chronic lung diseases and lung cancer. (lu.se)
  • Transitioning from a well-established field like hematopoietic stem cells to the relatively new field of lung biology required starting over in many aspects. (lu.se)
  • Q: What inspired you to take on the role of executive coordinator of the Research School in Stem Cell Biology? (lu.se)
  • However, further studies are required to gain complete understanding of stem cell biology, which is fundamental for the development of successful cell-based therapies 1-3 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Nerve growth promoting tumors were implanted into developing embryos to determine whether the tumors stimulated growth by direct contact or by a diffusible substance. (asu.edu)
  • Moreover, the transitivity of exRNA information between cells suggests their functional and probably therapeutic roles in renal diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our findings point to DcAOX1 and DcAOX2a as being reasonable candidates for functional marker development related to early cell reprogramming. (frontiersin.org)
  • We are combining the rapid genome editing capability afforded by CRISPR/Cas9 with advanced knowledge of protein chemistry to engineer robust molecular tools capable of selectively targeting individual proteins for desired functional modulation in cells. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Myeloid cells generated under these conditions, although similar to neutrophils and monocytes in morphology and phenotype, have different genomic and biochemical profiles and functional activity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The main functional characteristic of these cells is their potent ability to suppress various types of immune responses. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Shane Grealish: Cell Replacement Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: The Importance of Neuronal Subtype, Cell Source and Connectivity for Functional Recovery. (lu.se)
  • The aim of this thesis was to understand how particular factors such as neuronal content, placement and cell source, affect functional outcome after transplantation into the rodent brain. (lu.se)
  • In a series of studies, we investigated Notch as a key mediator of muscle stem cell stability and fate. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Our lab seeks to uncover how these processes occur and develops therapies to put a stop to them. (stanford.edu)
  • Recently, a growing number of studies are focusing on mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative disorders. (hindawi.com)
  • The authors provided convincing evidence for the heterogeneity of postnatal enthesis growth and the molecular dynamics and signaling networks during enthesis formation. (elifesciences.org)
  • The HUCMSCs derived different donors have individual heterogeneity, which potentially lead to distinct therapeutic outcomes in mouse liver fibrosis, indicating we could make use of the donor-variation of MSCs to screen out guaranteed general indicators of MSCs for specific diseases in further stem cell therapy. (researchsquare.com)
  • Overall, the presence of stem cells is essential for proper human development and function as they contribute to the growth, maintenance, and repair of numerous physiological systems (Kara et al. (papersowl.com)
  • This library represents a selection of drug-like compounds aimed at modulating protein-protein interaction (PPI) of β-catenin with different proteins involved in significant physiological processes. (chemdiv.com)
  • 1. Introduction Bone remodeling is usually a physiological process that maintains the integrity of the skeleton by removing old bone and replacing it with young matrix. (nostradamus2018.com)
  • Therefore, the abnormal regulation of PCD is associated with numerous human diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. (nature.com)
  • These stem cells are usually maintained in a quiescent state within their niche, and are only activated upon the interaction with intrinsic or niche-derived stimuli. (news-medical.net)
  • Both intrinsic and niche-derived factors are involved in this process, including Sox2, NeuroD1, Pax6, and many other factors. (news-medical.net)
  • These observations lead us to propose a two-step mechanism for niche occupancy by muscle stem cells. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Stem cell niche. (bvsalud.org)
  • A particular focus on early events in cell lineage regulation together with key events in skeletogenesis/biomineralisation. (gu.se)
  • Lymphoid and myeloid stem cells are ideal examples of oligopotent stem cells. (papersowl.com)
  • Myeloid cells developed evolutionarily as a major mechanism to protect the host. (aacrjournals.org)
  • This process is epitomized by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Myeloid cells are a highly diverse population. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Granulocytic myeloid cells include populations of terminally differentiated polymorphonuclear neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • During the 1980s and early 1990s, work from the laboratories of Diana Lopez, Jim Talmadge, M. Rita Young, and Hans Schreiber demonstrated that various types of myeloid cells could inhibit immune function in cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
  • These include brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), Wingless (Wnt) and Sonic hedgehog (Shh). (news-medical.net)
  • Stanley Cohen is a biochemist who participated in the discovery of nerve growth factor (NGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). (asu.edu)
  • Stanley Cohen discovered epidermal growth factor (EGF) during studies of nerve growth factor as a side effect of other experiments. (asu.edu)
  • Nevertheless, the definition of autophagic cell death (ACD) has been neither universally understood nor unanimously accepted in the field 4 . (nature.com)
  • Proneural factors are expressed in high concentrations during times in which glial cells are not to form or neuron development is needed. (wikipedia.org)
  • With sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), the damaged hair cells of the organ of Corti within the cochlea interfere with typical hearing and, as a result, cause impaired language development. (intechopen.com)
  • Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a signaling protein and growth factor implicated in a wide range of development and maintenance functions. (asu.edu)
  • His work led to the discovery of many other growth factors and their roles in development. (asu.edu)
  • This paper represents a valuable single-cell level analysis of tendon enthesis development. (elifesciences.org)
  • This occurs frequently in animal development: in human fetuses, for example, cells in the hand are directed to die to remove webbing between the fingers. (elifesciences.org)
  • Delineating the molecular function and regulation of PAWS1 in cells, development and cancer is one of the key goals of the lab. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • These advances have coincided with an exponential growth in the development of -omics technologies. (stanford.edu)
  • I also describe the development of a novel behavioural task that is predictive of mesDA neuron cell loss in mice. (lu.se)
  • As noted for receptor-proteins, in vivo interactions among different growth factor responsible for gliogenesis and other cell fates produce very different roles than when isolated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Autophagy is generally considered as a cell survival/protection mechanism because it removes toxic or obsolete proteins and organelles and recycles the degradation products for use as sources for energy and metabolites in anabolic pathways 3 . (nature.com)
  • Regulation of proteins through post-translational modifications, including reversible phosphorylation and ubiquitylation. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • After acute injury in muscle of both mouse and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (used as alternative in vivo model) this study found that RACK1 accumulated in regenerating fibers while it declined with the progression of repair process. (sdbonline.org)
  • It is within the cell-autonomous context that ST6GAL1 involvement in cancer progression has been interpreted. (nature.com)
  • A multitude of pathways control cyclin-dependent kinase activities as the major event for cell cycle progression. (benthamscience.com)
  • Here, we find graded ERK phosphorylation correlating with cell differentiation in patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids with and without KRAS mutations. (researchgate.net)
  • Melanoma in particular exhibits a high incidence of activating BRAF and NRAS mutations and such cells are addicted to the activity of these mutant oncoproteins. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • However, the discovery of RNAs outside the cells is more striking because of the assumption that high levels of RNAse in plasma and various body fluids will immediately destroy extracellular RNA (exRNA). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given the levels of RNAse in extracellular spaces, RNA function is considered to be applicable only within the cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, ST6GAL1 is also released into the extracellular milieu and extracellularly remodels cell surface and secreted glycans. (nature.com)
  • We hypothesize that ST6GAL1 action is the combined effect of natively expressed sialyltransferase acting cell-autonomously within the ER-Golgi complex and sialyltransferase from extracellular origins acting extrinsically to remodel cell-surface glycans. (nature.com)
  • This pluripotency enables these cells to produce daughter cells of all differentiated somatic cell types, germ cells, and cells of all three embryonic germ layers (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
  • Cell-to-cell signalling is induced by specific ligands such as growth factors which activate their cognate receptor molecules. (amegroups.org)
  • He shared the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Rita Levi-Montalcini for their work on the discovery of growth factors. (asu.edu)
  • However, an active role of metalloproteinases (MMP), growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and a crucial role of inflammatory elements and cytokines was demonstrated. (frontiersin.org)
  • Moreover, ESWT increases the expression of growth factors, such as transforming growth factor β(TGF-β), (VEGF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), as well as the synthesis of collagen I fibers. (frontiersin.org)
  • We found that hESCs produce both positive growth factors and negative regulators of the TGF-beta family. (ca.gov)
  • We confirmed that typical growth factor signaling was in fact occurring in muscle cells exposed to hESC produced factors, and that hESCs produce a TGF-beta antagonist. (ca.gov)
  • Our current running hypothesis is that the positive growth factors produced by hESCs trigger injured muscle to initiate and maintain regeneration, the TGF-beta inhibitors produced by hESCs reduce the TGF-beta signaling, and the combination assures the robust regeneration of muscle. (ca.gov)
  • In addition we will analyze the effect on regeneration of administering the growth factors that we found in Aim 2, both alone and in combination with the inhibitors of TGF-beta. (ca.gov)
  • The etiology of bone marrow failure (BMF) includes defective stem/progenitor cells and/or stroma/accessory cells/growth factors, as well as deficient nonspecific nutrients or, as in the case of acquired aplastic anemia, immune-mediated abnormalities. (medscape.com)
  • We still do not know what specific factors contribute to the success in transplantation i.e. what cells are responsible for motor recovery? (lu.se)
  • Anemia, a decrease in the number of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb) content, or hematocrit (Hct), can result from decreased RBC production (erythropoiesis), increased RBC destruction, blood loss, or a combination of these factors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • When reported in host susceptibility - the intrinsic and that are not strongly associated with epidemiological studies, these tu- extrinsic factors that have an impact host susceptibility include the follow- mour sites are also noted in some on variable response to carcinogens: ing. (who.int)