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Kupffer CellsMacrophagesMacrophage ActivationMacrophages, PeritonealMacrophages, AlveolarPhagocytosisLipopolysaccharidesCells, CulturedMacrophage Colony-Stimulating FactorMice, Inbred C57BLLiverTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaMonocytesClodronic AcidMacrophage Migration-Inhibitory FactorsCell LineCytokinesMice, Inbred BALB CPeritoneal CavityMice, KnockoutRNA, MessengerAntigens, Differentiation, MyelomonocyticInflammationMacrophage Inflammatory ProteinsThioglycolatesScavenger Receptors, Class AInterferon-gammaZymosanMice, Inbred C3HSpleenAscitic FluidReceptors, ScavengerReceptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating FactorGadoliniumEndotoxinsNitric OxideGene Expression RegulationNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIInterleukin-6Receptors, ImmunologicSignal TransductionReceptors, Cell SurfaceImmunohistochemistryLipoproteins, LDLToll-Like Receptor 4Mannose-Binding LectinsInterleukin-1Disease Models, AnimalEndotheliumTime FactorsPhagosomesNF-kappa BInterleukin-10Pulmonary AlveoliLungInflammation MediatorsNeutrophilsMacrophage-Activating FactorsDinoprostoneFlow CytometryApoptosisImmunity, InnateHepatocytesPinocytosisPoly IReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionRats, Sprague-DawleyAntigens, CDPhagocytesCell DifferentiationLysosomesBone Marrow CellsMice, Inbred StrainsMicroscopy, ElectronChemokine CCL2Rats, Inbred StrainsReceptors, LipoproteinRats, WistarT-LymphocytesChemokinesUp-RegulationReceptors, FcAtherosclerosisGene ExpressionLatexRecombinant ProteinsCell CountSuperoxidesGranulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating FactorChemokine CCL4Scavenger Receptors, Class BMembrane GlycoproteinsGranulomaCell SurvivalMonokinesCoculture TechniquesCholesterolKineticsLectins, C-TypeToll-Like Receptors

Endothelial cellsHepatocytesDifferentiated Kupffer cellsNeutrophilsCells and Kupffer cellsHSCsMonocytesActivated stellate cellsSecreted by Kupffer cellsDendritic cells and macrophagesAlveolar MacrophagesInflammatoryCollagenSubsetsPrecursorsMyofibroblastsExtracellular matrixPHAGOCYTESFibrosisCellularViabilityTissueTissuesMiceMonocyteSteatosisMononuclearInflammationResidentPhagocyticIncreasesLiver injurySpatialNaturalRoleDevelopmentExpression

Endothelial cells4

• Stellate cells, hepatocytes and endothelial cells imprint the Kupffer cell identity on monocytes colonizing the liver macrophage niche. (ugent.be)
• including hepatic stellate cells, liver adipocytes, liver resident macrophages kupffer cells, endothelial cells and infiltrating immune cells. (edu.au)
• Liver resident cells including hepatocytes hepatic stellate cells Kupffer cells sinusoidal endothelial cells and recruited immune cells participate in the pathogenesis 13103-34-9 IC50 of alcoholic liver disease. (ecologicalsgardens.com)
• We have developed an in vitro preclinical 3D NASH model by coculturing primary human hepatocytes, human stellate cells, liver endothelial cells and Kupffer cells embedded in a hydrogel of rat collagen on a 96-well plate. (xiahepublishing.com)

Hepatocytes6

• We established a 3D liver organoid cell culture model from primary mouse tissue and characterised the capacity of these organoids to model liver characteristics in vitro and used this model to define the interactions between organoid hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells in a co-culture trans-well system. (edu.au)
• 21). Colocalization research had been performed in liver organ areas from EtOH-treated dKO mice to determine whether 4-HNE adducts happened in Kupffer cells or stellate cells furthermore to hepatocytes. (eprf.ca)
• There is accumulating evidence, reviewed in this paper, suggesting that Kupffer cells may act both as effector cells in the destruction of hepatocytes by producing harmful soluble mediators as well as antigen presenting cells during viral infections of the liver. (wanfangdata.com.cn)
• In addition to activated stellate cells and Kupffer cells, hepatocytes are also responsible for TIMP-1 production during liver injury via a STAT3-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
• In response to the elevated glutamate in the liver, the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is up-regulated in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) along with enhanced production of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, which in turn stimulates cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB 1 R) on neighboring hepatocytes to increase de novo lipogenesis. (e-cmh.org)
• In this review, we briefly describe the underlying mechanisms of oxidative stress-mediated glutamate secretion and endocannabinoid production in alcoholic steatosis and suggest a novel metabolic synapse between hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and hepatocytes. (e-cmh.org)

Differentiated Kupffer cells1

• Bone marrow-derived monocytes give rise to self-renewing and fully differentiated Kupffer cells. (ugent.be)

Neutrophils4

• Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells and sinusoidal endothelium) and infiltrating leukocytes (e.g., monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes). (mdpi.com)
• Recently, LSECs, macrophage, neutrophils, sinusoidal communication, and hepatic immune response has been demonstrated to play a critical role in developing liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. (frontiersin.org)
• CD11a is a leukocyte marker that is expressed in B and T lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils. (thermofisher.com)
• Tissue infiltration by activated innate immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils, if untreated, leads to rapidly progressive organ injury, that can involve many organ systems. (nature.com)

Cells and Kupffer cells1

• In both phases, the level of the subunits LMP2 and LMP7 in the total pool of mononuclear cells and Kupffer cells increases, with maximum values on days 1 and 7. (actanaturae.ru)

HSCs1

• The neural plexuses in the liver closely interact with liver sinusoidal cells, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), Kupffer cells (KCs), and hepatic progenitor cells (HPC). (e-cmh.org)

Monocytes4

• Yolk Sac Macrophages, Fetal Liver, and Adult Monocytes Can Colonize an Empty Niche and Develop into Functional Tissue-Resident Macrophages. (ugent.be)
• Immune cells including monocytes macrophages T-cells and dendritic cells are affected by alcohol and launch pro-inflammatory cytokines chemokines lipid messengers and reactive oxygen species that further augment cell damage24. (ecologicalsgardens.com)
• CD11c is expressed in monocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, some granulocytes and less so in a subset of lymphocytes. (thermofisher.com)
• In addition, the infiltration of monocytes upon liver injury is usually an important cellular mechanism to perpetuate chronic inflammation and to activate profibrogenic hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in mice and men [3, 4]. (globaltechbiz.com)

Activated stellate cells1

• Alleviated excessive hepatic lipid accumulation and enhanced lipolysis, decreased the proportion of M1-type macrophages/Kupffer cells, and activated stellate cells to improve hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, and subsequently reduced the recruitment of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the liver. (poultrydvm.com)

Secreted by Kupffer cells1

• and by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) secreted by Kupffer cells. (clinicalgate.com)

Dendritic cells and macrophages1

• Most tissues harbor resident mononuclear phagocytes, that is, dendritic cells and macrophages. (hindawi.com)

Alveolar Macrophages2

• These novel knock-in mouse models include mice specific for liver resident Kupffer Cells and lung-resident Alveolar Macrophages. (ugent.be)
• Novel mouse models for the study of Kupffer Cells and Alveolar macrophages in vivo . (ugent.be)

Inflammatory5

• Transcriptional profiling revealed a tumour necrosis factor-α mediated apoptotic response in organoids and an inflammatory response in both the organoids and hepatic stellate cells. (edu.au)
• Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are also activated upon liver damage and are considered important for the progression of liver inflammatory diseases (Stewart et al. (biomedcentral.com)
• In liver tissue from patients with chronic viral hepatitis, hSGK1 transcript levels were excessively high in numerous activated Kupffer cells and inflammatory cells localized within fibrous septum formations. (lshtm.ac.uk)
• In the context of AP, the most extensively investigated chemokines are CC-ligand 2 (CCL2, also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 or MCP-1), CXC-ligand 1 (CXCL1, also known as cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant or CINC in rat and keratinocyte cytokine or KC in mouse), and CXC-ligand 2 (CXCL2, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 2-alpha or MIP2a). (pancreapedia.org)
• This image shows steatohepatitis with steatosis and predominantly macrovesicular and inflammatory foci, composed predominantly of lymphocytes and Kupffer cells in the hepatic lobules (hematoxylin-eosin stain, 200× magnification). (medscape.com)

Collagen3

• Markers characteristic of liver injury and fibrosis, such as Actn1 and Lamb3 were upregulated in hepatic stellate cells, although collagen expression was downregulated in these cells. (edu.au)
• The profibrogenic effects of TIMP-1 are thought to be mediated via preventing collagen degradation through inhibition of MMPs and protecting against activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) death [ 17 - 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
• Along with lysosomal cathepsin release, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis, it leads to further inflammation, and stimulation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and activation of hepatic stellate cells with collagen deposition within the hepatic sinusoids become apparent. (medscape.com)

Subsets2

• We are particularly interested in: (i) identifying the transcription factors that drive DC and MΦ development, (ii) unraveling how tissue-resident macrophages participate to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and (iii) understanding how inflammation influences the development and function of DC and MΦ subsets. (ugent.be)
• Study of the role of dendritic cell and macrophage subsets in the regulation of immune responses. (ugent.be)

Precursors1

• Mononuclear phagocytes are a group of phenotypic distinct members, often referred to as either macrophages or dendritic cells (DC), that derive from myeloid precursors and that contribute to the functions of peripheral tissues [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

Myofibroblasts1

• Their role in fibrosis is well established as they are one of the main sources of TGFβ1 production, which leads to the transformation of stellate cells into myofibroblasts. (wanfangdata.com.cn)

Extracellular matrix3

• Thus, stellate cell activation results in abnormal extracellular matrix, both in quantity and composition. (msdmanuals.com)
• We also observed activation and upregulated phagocytosis in macrophages, as well as proliferation and extracellular matrix overproduction in hepatic stellate cells. (biomedcentral.com)
• The perisinusoidal space is also home to specialized pericytes, hepatic stellate cells or Ito cells, which store vitamin A and are able to synthesize components of the extracellular matrix. (helmberg.at)

PHAGOCYTES1

• Due to their considerable plasticity and heterogeneity, the tissue-based DC and macrophage populations have been defined as mononuclear phagocytes [ 1 , 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)

Fibrosis3

• Activation of the hepatic perivascular stellate cells (Ito cells, which store fat) initiates fibrosis. (msdmanuals.com)
• These findings demonstrate the central role lipid peroxidation plays in mediating progression of alcohol-induced necroinflammatory liver injury, stellate cell activation, matrix remodeling, and fibrosis. (eprf.ca)
• However, evidence derived mostly from animal models, indicates that Kupffer cells may be implicated in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases including viral hepatitis, steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, intrahepatic cholostasis, activation or rejection of the liver during liver transplantation and liver fibrosis. (wanfangdata.com.cn)

Cellular2

• Your liver-resident tissue including Kupffer cellular material, hepatic stellate cells, as well as liver-sinusoidal endothelial tissues are co-opted by the employed tissue, like myeloid-derived suppressant tissue and also tumor-associated macrophages, to ascertain Kidney safety biomarkers a great immunosuppressive lean meats microenvironment suited to tumor mobile or portable colonization and also outgrowth. (malt1inhibitor.com)
• We also uncover the respective spatially-resolved cellular niches of these macrophages and the microenvironmental circuits driving their unique transcriptomic identities. (livercellatlas.org)

Viability1

• Hepatic stellate cell dependent decreases in organoid viability and organoid dependent increases in hepatic stellate cell viability were observed, as well as Halofuginone dependent decreases in hepatic stellate cell viability were also observed. (edu.au)

Tissue4

• ZEB2 is required to maintain the tissue-specific identities of macrophages. (ugent.be)
• Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA), (a Kupffer cell marker), or for the looks of -soft muscle tissue actin (-SMA) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) (a marker of triggered stellate cells). (eprf.ca)
• In this paper we apply the tissue-centric perspective to discuss the role of resident and infiltrating macrophages and dendritic cells in different organs. (hindawi.com)
• This slightly different perspective may somewhat shape our understanding of macrophage heterogeneity and tissue pathology but certainly also raise new questions for future research. (hindawi.com)

Tissues2

• In regards to his discovery of "Kupffer cells" in 1876, he initially suggested that this type of cell belonged to a group of perivascular cells (pericytes) of the connective tissues or to the adventitial cells. (wikipedia.org)
• All solid organs and most other tissues harbor a network of DC or macrophages (Table 1 ). (hindawi.com)

Mice3

• Construction of dendritic cell- and macrophage-specific knock-in mice for the study of the functional specialization of these cells in vivo . (ugent.be)
• In line with this, we observed a higher number of macrophages in the livers of vagotomized mice compared with sham as measured by flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)
• Interestingly, RNAseq revealed that a key activation marker for hepatic stellate cells (HSC), Pnpla3 , was the most significantly differentially expressed gene between vagotomized and sham mice. (biomedcentral.com)

Monocyte1

• In addition, we also zoomed in on the monocyte and macrophage clusters in a separate UMAP to be able to more fully interrogate the data. (livercellatlas.org)

Steatosis1

• Liver examples were set in 10% natural buffered formalin and prepared, and paraffin-embedded areas had GSK690693 been stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E). H and E-stained liver organ sections were obtained for steatosis, swelling (macrophage infiltration), and necrosis with a veterinary pathologist without prior understanding. (eprf.ca)

Mononuclear2

• Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. (lookformedical.com)
• On the basis of the data obtained, we can conclude that the induction of DST is an active process characterized by two phases during which the level of the proteasome immune subunits LMP2 and LMP7 in liver mononuclear cells, including Kupffer cells, and the number of Kupffer cells change. (actanaturae.ru)

Inflammation1

• It is usually well known that innate immune cells are important causes of hepatic inflammation, because the liver is usually selectively enriched in macrophages (Kupffer cells), natural monster (NK), and natural monster T (NKT) cells [1]. (globaltechbiz.com)

Resident1

• Kupffer cells, the resident liver macrophages have long been considered as mostly scavenger cells responsible for removing particulate material from the portal circulation. (wanfangdata.com.cn)

Phagocytic1

• For example, organs like the lung and the liver are exposed to pathogen components from the air or from the gut barrier, respectively, which explains the predominance of a macrophage phenotype that has a higher capacity for phagocytic clearance of pathogen components. (hindawi.com)

Increases2

• In addition, the total number of Kupffer cells increases in both phases with a shift in several days. (actanaturae.ru)
• Furthermore, PNS activation increases the expression of IL-6 in macrophages by acting on muscarinic Ach receptors (mAChRs). (e-cmh.org)

Liver injury1

• After a comprehensive review of all the current in vitro models of the liver we hypothesised that a liver organoid cell culture model co-cultured with myofibroblast like hepatic stellate cells can model liver injury. (edu.au)

Spatial1

• Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. (livercellatlas.org)

Natural1

• Two additional cell types, both part of the innate immune system, are found within the sinusoids, in direct contact with the blood: a large number of macrophages, called Kupffer cells, and Pit cells, a type of natural killer (NK) cells. (helmberg.at)

Role1

• In this review we propose a model that demonstrates the role of Kupffer cells in the pathogenesis of liver disease. (wanfangdata.com.cn)

Development3

• Our research focuses on the development and functional specialization of macrophages (MΦs) and dendritic cells (DCs). (ugent.be)
• In the present work, we first studied the change in the content of immunoproteasomes and macrophages of the liver at early stages of the development of allospecific portal tolerance in rats by Western blotting and flow cytofluorimetry. (actanaturae.ru)
• We demonstrate that bile-duct LAMs are induced by local lipid exposure, leading to their induction in steatotic regions of the murine and human liver, while Kupffer cell development crucially depends on their crosstalk with hepatic stellate cells via the evolutionarily-conserved ALK1-BMP9/10 axis. (livercellatlas.org)

Expression1

• Osteopontin Expression Identifies a Subsetof Recruited Macrophages Distinctfrom Kupffer Cells in the Fatty Liver. (livercellatlas.org)