State photo induced photochemical processes. Medical search. Frequent questions

We provide a comprehensive analysis of the photochemical and photophysical pathways of nanocaged RB to better understand how to control the function of RB as a photo-active ROS-therapeutic agent. (aiche.org)
Photochemical and photophysical processes in biomolecules are intimately involved in a multitude of functional processes, that include vision, photosynthesis, molecular recognition, gene replication, etc., and can be utilized in areas such as photodynamic therapy. (rsc.org)
Crespo-Hernández, C. E. "Photochemical Stability of 5-Methylcytidine Relative to Cytidine: Photophysical Insight for mRNA Therapeutic Applications", ChemRxiv 2023, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-v0q44. (case.edu)
Based on the detailed photochemical and photophysical characterization a molecular keypad lock and a D-latch memory device were developed and demonstrated. (uhu.es)
Reported in this review are the photochemical and photophysical properties of a group of symmetric, multinuclear complexes of the general form [L′(CN) 4 M(CN)-(PtL 4 )-(NC)-M(CN) 4 L′] n- (where M is a Group 8 metal, L is an amine, and L′ is a σ-donor ligand) that provide for apparent photoinduced multielectron charge transfer. (princeton.edu)

Our proposed mechanism integrates thermodynamic and reaction kinetics of the RB photo-oxidation reaction via the monitoring of the photochemical reactions with multiple spectroscopic techniques in tandem. (aiche.org)
Using small models of organic molecules adsorbed on small salt/water clusters, we reveal the photoinduced reactions and investigate their implication on atmospheric chemistry. (uibk.ac.at)
Through the attachment, chemical reactions are often induced. (uibk.ac.at)
It is only by having a detailed understanding of all these factors that we can design chemical systems in which we have control over the direction and outcome of photochemical reactions. (durham.ac.uk)
This comprehensive approach is applied to the study of a number of photo-induced reactions, such as energy transfer, electron transfer and isomerisation. (durham.ac.uk)
Photochemical reactions occur naturally in many biological membranes and are responsible for diverse processes such as photosynthesis and vision/phototaxis. (bvsalud.org)
B) The use of photochemical reagents to carry out site-specific reactions on DNA, in particular those involving photo-induced electron transfer. (tcd.ie)
2] Photochemical reactions proceed differently than temperature-driven reactions. (nationalvendingblog.com)
In the case of photochemical reactions, light provides the activation energy. (nationalvendingblog.com)
Photochemical paths access high energy intermediates that cannot be generated thermally, thereby overcoming large activation barriers in a short period of time, and allowing reactions otherwise inaccessible by thermal processes. (nationalvendingblog.com)
Understanding the mechanisms of these reactions in detail offers new insight into a range of vital physical and chemical processes, ranging from the breaking of a single chemical bond all the way through to complex multistep processes occurring in biological systems. (ox.ac.uk)
Successful time-resolved crystallography studies have used the pump-probe approach, and the light-induced X-ray crystallographic difference densities have been assigned to reactions and excited-state processes. (nature.com)
Although photoinduced electron transfer reactions have been very intensively studied, several important questions still remain unanswered. (uzh.ch)
Types of reactions include but are not limited to acute inflammatory reactions, granulomatous reactions, lichenoid reactions, sarcoid reactions, photo-aggravated reactions, and MRI sensitivity reactions. (medscape.com)

submitted as part of the Special Issue "Ultrafast Dynamics in Chemical Processes" . (case.edu)
They possess easily accessible close-lying electronic states that lead to a plethora of complex and ultrafast photochemical processes during the first steps of energy conversion. (nature.com)
Because photoisomerization occurs on the timescale of the excited-state (ES) lifetime, ultrafast time resolution is needed for direct structural observations. (nature.com)
Ultrafast dynamics of photochemical nitrile imine formation. (uni-bonn.de)
The topics span a wide range of disciplines, grounded in physical chemistry and chemical physics, and reaching into combustion, atmospheric and interstellar chemistry, heterogeneous catalysis, materials, photochemistry and ultrafast processes, and energy-related science. (grc.org)

We show that highly oriented ground state vibrational modes of coupled nuclear motion can be populated through RIXS processes by preparation of core-excited state nuclear wave packets with the same directionality. (uni-potsdam.de)
The structural dynamics that result from femtosecond optical excitation have contributions from vibrational and electronic processes and from reaction dynamics that involve the crossing through a conical intersection. (nature.com)
However, we demonstrate that the measured motions are not part of the photoisomerization reaction but instead arise from impulsively driven coherent vibrational processes in the electronic ground state. (nature.com)
Photo-induced primary processes of trans-[Co(acac)2(N3)(py)] in liquid solution studied by femtosecond vibrational and electronic spectroscopies. (uni-bonn.de)
Probing the primary processes of a triazido-cobalt(III) complex with femtosecond vibrational and electronic spectroscopies. (uni-bonn.de)

Our goal is to understand the reactivity of hydrated metal ions through modeling of their spectra (infrared, UV), reactivity in the ground state as well as in the electronically excited states. (uibk.ac.at)
The photochemical reactivity and photophysics of these species are found to be a function of molecular geometry. (princeton.edu)
Photochemical selectivity and multi-state reactivity. (uni-bonn.de)

Therefore, site-selective and orbital-specific K-edge soft X-ray spectroscopy techniques are used here to detect photo-induced proton dynamics in gaseous and liquid sample environments. (uni-potsdam.de)
The research focusses on the development and applications of multinuclear solution-state NMR spectroscopy in the framework of structural, thermodynamic, kinetic and/or dynamic studies and deals with a large variety of systems. (ulb.be)
Our work ranges from fundamental studies of photon and electron-induced chemistry to the development of new types of chemical sensor and applications of spectroscopy in medicine. (ox.ac.uk)
Time-resolved Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy reveals the hidden bimolecular process of the ferrioxalate actinometer. (uni-bonn.de)
Photoinduced dynamics of a diazidocobalt(III) complex studied by femtosecond UV-pump/IR-to-Vis-probe spectroscopy. (uni-bonn.de)

Can we model dissociation induced by IR photons using direct molecular dynamics simulations on GPUs? (uibk.ac.at)
Interpretation of the mechanism and dynamics of photoexcited state processes is of paramount importance to understanding DNA oxidative damage. (rsc.org)
The mechanism and dynamics of photoinduced DNA and protein damage is critically important to our understanding of diseases associated with ultraviolet irradiation as well as to the development of photosensitized therapies. (rsc.org)
To detect these excited-state proton dynamics at the affected atoms, a local probe of molecular electronic structure is required. (uni-potsdam.de)
Despite being an excellent probe mechanism for valence excited-state proton dynamics, the K-edge core-excitation itself also disturbs the electronic structure at specific sites of a molecule. (uni-potsdam.de)
Using these signatures of RIXS transitions into electronically excited states, we investigate proton dynamics induced by N K-edge excitation in the amino-acid histidine. (uni-potsdam.de)
The minor core-excited state dynamics of histidine in basic and neutral chemical environments allow us to establish XAS and RIXS spectral signatures of different N protonation states at its imidazole N sites. (uni-potsdam.de)
Such directional structural deformations, induced by core-excitations, also make proton dynamics in electronic ground states accessible through RIXS transitions into vibrationally excited states. (uni-potsdam.de)
Crespo-Hernández, C. E. "Excited State Dynamics of Dibenzothiophene Derivatives", J. Phys. (case.edu)
Crespo-Hernández, C. E. "Excited State Dynamics of Dibenzothiophene Derivatives", ChemRxiv 2023, https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-kwwr2. (case.edu)
Crespo-Hernández, C. E., "Excited State Dynamics of 2'-Deoxyisoguanosine and Isoguanosine in Aqueous Solutions", Phys. (case.edu)
In excited state molecular dynamics simulations, we have resolved the early steps in the photodissociation of ironpentacarbonyl. (nature.com)
The sensors allow velocity-map or spatial-map images to be acquired for each mass peak in a time-of-flight mass spectrum, opening up a range of new applications in mass spectrometry, state-of-the-art chemical dynamics studies, neutron detection, and other fields of science. (ox.ac.uk)

Confocal steady-state and lifetime-resolved fluorescence imaging microscopy data showed that the released PSs are free to target their natural intracellular targets, which are mitochondria and lysosomes for CisDiMPyP and TPPS2a, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
Photochromic molecular switches (fluorophore-appended spiropyrans and a fulgimide) that can deliver distinct fluorescence responses depending on their ring-open and ring-closed states were investigated. (uhu.es)
Dissipation of absorbed light energy as heat energy is induced by the molecular mechanism of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and can be determined from measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence. (iapn.de)
Measurement of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) by chlorophyll fluorescence: Due to reduced assimilation capacity, light energy is in excess to what can be used in photosynthesis and can damage the plant. (iapn.de)

Although inaccessible by thermal activation, transitions to electronically excited and anionic states of CO 2 can bend the molecule as a first step to O 2 production. (nature.com)

Photochemical tissue bonding (PTB) of wounds and surgical incisions relies on the use of photosensitive molecules and light to induce the formation of covalent linkages in collagenous tissue. (aiche.org)
We try to understand experimentally observed changes in spectroscopic properties induced by variation of ions in the solids (e.g. introduction of cobalt ions into MgO) and by adsorption of molecules on the surfaces. (uibk.ac.at)
Light induced chemical and physical processes in small organic-/inorganic-/bio-molecules have been a subject of experimental and theoretical research for several decades. (rsc.org)
Recent advances in high resolution spatio-temporal techniques have offered detailed understanding of excited state processes in small molecules. (rsc.org)
In the course of such processes, photo-excitations promote molecules into thermally inaccessible excited states. (uni-potsdam.de)
This unexpected collision-induced transformation of individual CO 2 molecules provides an accessible pathway for generating O 2 in astrophysical environments and may inspire plasma-driven electro- and photo-catalytic strategies for terrestrial CO 2 reduction. (nature.com)
However, excessive exposure to light in the presence of absorbing molecules produces excited states and other oxidant species that may cause cell aging/death, mutations and innumerable diseases including cancer. (bvsalud.org)

Their physicochemical and photochemical properties were investigated, as well as the efficiency and mechanism of PDT death in a cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). (bvsalud.org)
The mechanism of CO release involves periodic transitions between the initially excited metal-to-ligand charge-transfer state and dissocative metal--centered states. (nature.com)
Therefore, exploring the related process mechanism is of significant importance. (frontiersin.org)
The measured scattering distributions provide a 'fingerprint' for the process under study, and can be analysed in order to unpick details of the reaction mechanism. (ox.ac.uk)

We utilize them to identify photo-induced N deprotonation of 2-thiopyridone on femtosecond timescales, in optical pump N K-edge RIXS probe measurements. (uni-potsdam.de)
The rapid reaction of protons to 1s photo-excitations can yield directional structural distortions within the femtosecond core-excited state lifetime. (uni-potsdam.de)

Major current research topics are (i) the characterization of supramolecular assemblies , (ii) the study of photochemical processes and, more recently, (iii) the characterization of electrochemical processes . (ulb.be)
A major achievement is the development of Photo-Chemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (photo-CIDNP) measurements for the characterization of photo-induced electron transfer processes with metal complexes. (ulb.be)
This doctoral thesis contributes to these activities with the design and characterization of new molecular switches and model systems that can be used to study energy transfer processes. (uhu.es)

In the latter case, excited-state motion may not contribute substantially to measurements made with short observation delays, because the product accumulates thermally by barrier crossing throughout the excited-state lifetime. (nature.com)

We are interested both in the process of electron attachment that can be approached through modeling of potential energy curves in both neutral and anionic state, as well as in the induced chemistry. (uibk.ac.at)
We study photoinduced and electron-induced chemistry in the gas phase, using velocity-map imaging to record scattering distributions of reaction products and covariance-map imaging to investigate correlations between different products. (ox.ac.uk)
Journal of Solid State Chemistry (2011) 184 , 3128-3133. (nyu.edu)

The process involves a previously unknown intramolecular reaction pathway, which occurs in energetic CO 2 ion-surface collisions with a surprising lack of dependence on either the nature of the surface or the surface temperature. (nature.com)
These processes are studied in a range of chemical systems including commercially important materials, e.g. pharmaceuticals & electroluminescent materials, compounds of fundamental interest, e.g. those that show twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) states, and new materials such as C 60 and electroluminescent materials. (durham.ac.uk)

This thesis focuses on systems in which photo-induced deprotonation processes occur at specific atomic sites. (uni-potsdam.de)
Most photochemical transformations occur through a series of simple steps known as primary photochemical processes. (nationalvendingblog.com)

Photoinduced charge transfer processes have been implicated in a variety of oxidative processes which ultimately lead to mutations, compromising the biological function of DNA. (rsc.org)

Decay processes towards energetically lower lying states in transient molecular geometries result in the formation of excited state relaxation pathways. (uni-potsdam.de)
We further establish excited state proton transfer mechanisms on picosecond and nanosecond timescales along the dominant relaxation pathways of 2-thiopyridone using transient N K-edge XAS. (uni-potsdam.de)

In the present study, kinetics of degradation of EDTA (20,000 mg/l) by employing either Photo-Fenton process using UV (15 W λ max = 253.7 nm) or Sono-Fenton process using ultrasound at 130 KHz or simultaneous Sono-Photo Fenton process has been investigated. (scirp.org)
Formation of amides was con - firmed during the degradation processes. (scirp.org)
K. Krapfenbauer and N. Getoff, "Comparative Studies of Photo-and-Radiation-Induced Degradation of Aqueous EDTA. (scirp.org)
Abiotic hydrolysis, photodegradation, and biodegradation are all important processes for the transformation and degradation of chlorpyrifos. (cdc.gov)
Although a large amount of chlorpyrifos is used in various environments (see Chapter 4), levels of general exposure are mediated by its limited mobility and persistence, and by environmental degradation processes. (cdc.gov)

In addition, this session will also deal with the photo-repair of nucleic acids and proteins. (rsc.org)

Here we show that this reaction occurs readily when CO 2 ions scatter from solid surfaces in a two-step sequential collision process at hyperthermal incidence energies. (nature.com)
Calculations have suggested that this reaction proceeds on the ground-state potential energy surface, by first forming a cyclic CO 2 intermediate [c-CO 2 ( 1 A 1 )], which then rearranges into a collinear COO( 1 Σ + ) intermediate on its way to dissociation into C + O 2 10 . (nature.com)
Although the latter are commonly assumed to enhance the reaction kinetics, there is compelling evidence that their main function is to passivate surface states. (uzh.ch)
All the above mentioned processes were found to follow a first order kinetics reaction. (scirp.org)
This reaction usually recedes without consequence within 2-3 weeks and is an expected adverse effect of the tattooing process. (medscape.com)

Our expertise also extends to luminescence imaging using both single and two-photon excitation, and steady-state and time-gated modes. (durham.ac.uk)

In sharp contrast, however, information on electronic processes in biomolecules such as isolated proteins and DNA (and their complexes) is still in its infancy. (rsc.org)
Though extremely complicated to uncover, knowledge of photo-excited state processes of such biomolecules in the cellular/biological context is the eventual goal of scientists working in these areas. (rsc.org)
As previously stated, PDT involves the photosensitized oxidation of biomolecules which can be separated in two mechanisms. (oaepublish.com)

A coherent-control experiment using a two-colour and two-pulse optical excitation strongly amplifies the X-ray crystallographic difference density, while it fully depletes the photoisomerization process. (nature.com)

Her research interests include the advanced materials processing of ideal electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage system applications such as supercapacitor, water splitting process, direct methanol fuel cells, and hydrogen generation. (rsc.org)
The direct photo-electrochemical conversion of water and CO 2 into chemical fuels represents an exciting new pathway for the combined conversion and storage of solar energy. (uzh.ch)

Metastasis are characterized by a sequential and complex process during which cancer cells invade specific organs including lung, liver, brain, and bone [ 3 ] . (oaepublish.com)
In their study they resolve the initial events and find that a bright metal-to-ligand charge-transfer transition induces synchronous Fe-CO oscillations, followed by sequential transitions to dissociative metal-centered excited states. (nature.com)

The unceasing impact of intense sunlight on earth constitutes a continuous source of energy fueling countless natural processes. (uni-potsdam.de)
On a molecular level, the energy contained in the electromagnetic radiation is transferred through photochemical processes into chemical or thermal energy. (uni-potsdam.de)
In conventional materials based upon conjugated polymers only the singlet state excitons can emit light, and triplet excitons, are effectively wasted energy. (durham.ac.uk)
Potential energy surfaces of electronic states of interest displayed along selected Fe-C coordinates. (nature.com)
These transitions are usually summarized in a state energy diagram or Jablonski diagram, the paradigm of molecular photochemistry. (nationalvendingblog.com)
Some of the mentioned photochromic switches rely on energy transfer as excited state process. (uhu.es)
The various aspects of erbium glass laser characteristics were carefully examined, including the influences of pumping pulsewidth, dopant concentration, output wavelength, relaxation oscillation and energy transfer processing between Yb 3+ and Er 3+ . (spie.org)
Under such conditions, the absorption of light in the light harvesting complexes of the photosystems is excessive, i.e., the available energy cannot be consumed by the photosynthetic processes. (iapn.de)
Therefore, the excessive energy might react with ground state molecular oxygen which leads to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the photosynthetic machinery. (iapn.de)

Following the ensuing Auger-Meitner cascade, the second X-ray pulse probes the Fe 1s3p transitions in resultant novel core-excited electronic states. (stanford.edu)

The research simulates the photochemical impact of starlight and the electromagnetic erosion of stellar wind on the atmosphere of the exoplanets. (princeton.edu)

Corral, I. "Disclosing the role of C4-oxo substitution in the photochemistry of DNA and RNA pyrimidine monomers: Formation of photoproducts from the vibrationally-excited ground state", J. Phys. (case.edu)

As they absorb sun photons, it is fundamental to understand their photochemical properties. (uibk.ac.at)
Transition metal ions serve as nanolaboratories to explore the most fundamental chemical processes with unprecedented detail. (uibk.ac.at)
Studies of Phthalocyanines Our group carries out fundamental research into the photochemical properties of phthalocyanines, a class of compound that that has a wide range of applications including photodynamic therapy, PDT. (durham.ac.uk)

Although true multielectron charge transfer processes do not exist within the realm of molecular photochemistry, one can design mimicking systems via the production of a reactive one-electron charge transfer intermediate. (princeton.edu)

The light-induced cross-linking of collagenous matrices in the presence of RB has yielded promising results in laboratory and clinical trials in terms of wound closure, reduced inflammation and less scaring. (aiche.org)
We covered topics going from the photochemical mechanisms involved, the different cell death mechanisms being triggered by a myriad of photosensitizers up to the more recent-on-going clinical trials. (oaepublish.com)
Bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction (BIND) refers to the clinical signs associated with bilirubin toxicity (ie, hypotonia followed by hypertonia and/or opisthotonus or retrocollis) and is typically divided into acute and chronic phases. (medscape.com)

Kinetic steady-state analysis showed that dimeric species are not as effective as monomeric RB for the photochemical ROS-mediated therapy. (aiche.org)

Malign consequences of mis-function in higher life forms can include blindness (retinal pigmentosa), as well as photomutation leading, in DNA, to the primary cause of various types of cancer which (when light induced) can lead to melanomas. (rsc.org)
ii) response to light and ii) electron transfer processes in a variety of organisms are subjects of great importance. (rsc.org)

The active layer of such photovoltaic devices often consists of a conjugated polymer, blended with a fullerene derivative in a solid-state thin film. (uzh.ch)

Weathering processes are divided into physical and chemical weathering. (wikipedia.org)
Physical weathering, also called mechanical weathering or disaggregation, is the class of processes that causes the disintegration of rocks without chemical change. (wikipedia.org)
The photo-chemical relaxation mechanisms depend on the studied system itself, the interactions with its chemical environment and the character of the involved states. (uni-potsdam.de)
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA 82 CYPERMETHRIN This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, or the World Health Organization. (inchem.org)
In the few steps of the process, there are very few equipments used like the chemical reagent, maskants, and etchants. (nationalvendingblog.com)
The benefits of chemical etching should be considered in the Design For Manufacturing process when choosing a manufacturing method for industrial components. (nationalvendingblog.com)
The elimination of mechanical tooling and its long lead time, the absence of surface burrs and deburring requirements, plus the speed with intricate designs makes photo chemical etching a fast manufacturing process for prototypes or large production. (nationalvendingblog.com)
The presence of EDTA in decontamination wastes can cause complexation of the cations resulting into interferences in their removal by various treatment processes such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange etc. (scirp.org)

When an electron is attached to a molecule, a different charge state is reached, i.e. we are confronted with a molecule with different properties. (uibk.ac.at)
This induces adaptations of their molecular geometry according to the properties of the excited state. (uni-potsdam.de)

Photoinduced inter-protein electron transfer is also responsible for various biological processes. (rsc.org)
Oxygen atom functionalization has played an indispensable role in industrial applications and biological processes. (rsc.org)

Devices based upon organic materials rely upon the recombination of holes and electrons that are injected into the material producing excited states, known as excitons, which can be either triplet or singlet character. (durham.ac.uk)
An host-guest complex between the cucurbit[7]uril organic macrocycle and a pH-dependent fluorescent naphthalimide-benzimidazole guest were used to demonstrate the macrocycle-induced control of photoinduced electron transfer of the guest. (uhu.es)

Such processes in DNA are also of interest to both the biological and materials communities as memory devices and structural building blocks. (rsc.org)

Here we analyze the relationships between membrane alterations induced by photo-oxidation and the biochemical responses in mammalian cells. (bvsalud.org)
From the observed pH changes during the oxidation processes, it can be concluded that there is a loss of chelating ability of EDTA. (scirp.org)

Many of Earth's landforms and landscapes are the result of weathering processes combined with erosion and re-deposition. (wikipedia.org)

Examples of photochemical systems we have studied recently include photolysis of neutral and ionic ethyl bromide and ethyl iodide, which play a role in the marine boundary layer of the Earth's atmosphere, and photolysis of N,N-dimethylformamide, a model for peptide bond fragmentation. (ox.ac.uk)

In this process, numerous complex processes take place in the chloroplast, including the xanthophyll cycle, which involves the conversion of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin by the enzyme violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) and the protonation of the photosystem II protein subunit PsbS. (iapn.de)

Little is known about antifungal prescribing practices in the United States, which is concerning given emerging resistance in fungi, particularly to azole antifungals. (cdc.gov)

Photoexcitation of the ironpentacarbonyl complex from the electronic ground state (GS) into a metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) state triggers Fe-CO oscillations, which after electronic rearrangement into a metal-centered state (MC) lead to periodic bursts of carbonmonooxide (CO). (nature.com)

We apply these probes in optical pump X-ray probe experiments to investigate valence excited-state proton transfer capabilities of aqueous 2-thiopyridone. (uni-potsdam.de)
Further investigate reveals that the nanotwins inside the Cu 7 S 4 microcages can facilite the transport of free charges, decrease the recombination of photoinduced electrons and holes, and elongate the lifetime of the electron-hole pairs. (frontiersin.org)

We are currently studying electron-initiated processes relevant to radiation-induced damage to DNA and formation and destruction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in interstellar gas clouds. (ox.ac.uk)

Photoinduced Rearrangement of Aromatic N-Chloroamides to Chloroaromatic Amides in the Solid State. (nyu.edu)

The research aims at understanding how the photosynthetic processes are affected at a range of Mg concentrations and corresponding how photoprotection is affected by Mg supply. (iapn.de)

Anatomy2

Organisms1

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs5

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes8

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Health Care3

Photophysical5

Reactions14

Ultrafast5

Vibrational5

Reactivity3

Spectroscopy5

Dynamics13

Fluorescence4

Electronically excited1

Molecules7

Mechanism4

Femtosecond2

Characterization3

Thermally1

Chemistry3

Intramolecular2

Occur2

Oxidative1

Pathways2

Degradation5

Nucleic acids1

Reaction5

Photon1

Biomolecules3

Excitation1

Electrochemical2

Sequential2

Energy9

Transitions1

Electromagnetic1

Vibrationally excited1

Fundamental3

Photochemistry1

Clinical3

Steady-state1

Light2

Fullerene1

Chemical8

Properties2

Biological processes2

Organic2

Structural1

Oxidation2

Erosion1

Neutral1

Protein1

Resistance1

Ground state1

Investigate2

Formation1

Amides1

Concentrations1