• Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to evaluate the levels of genetic variations and population structure. (innspub.net)
  • Discrimination of Sister-Line IR Rice Varieties by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis and Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. (cerealsgrains.org)
  • A polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed non-hydrolysed protein molecules with MW ≈ 20 kDa. (jfrm.ru)
  • 4. And a support for the buffer such as filter paper, cellulose acetate strips, polyacrylamide gel, or a capillary tube. (slideshare.net)
  • The electrophoresis power source power is designed for use in DNA and RNA separation, RFLP, DNA fragmentation, preparative Page electrophoresis (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and protein separation. (kalstein.pk)
  • studied the heterogeneity in protein banding profiles among wild and cultivated species of jute by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). (scialert.net)
  • The principle of electrophoresis consists in the migration of the molecules through a gel or another type of matrix of a porous nature, in which, by the action of an electric field, they will be separated according to their size or molecular weight, this is achieved thanks to the action of a power source for electrophoresis. (kalstein.pk)
  • a) Vertical Gel Apparatus: It is used for the separation of proteins in SDS-PAGE. (slideshare.net)
  • Prolamin proteins define nutritional value of maize grain not only via amino acid quality but also via starch availability. (intechopen.com)
  • Electrophoresis is a basic method in the field of molecular biology for the analysis (separation, purification, preparation) of nucleic acids and proteins. (kalstein.pk)
  • Finally, once the proteins have migrated, their position is determined, applying a specific stain for the protein under study, which is generally an enzyme, and the same is done for nucleic acid electrophoresis. (kalstein.pk)
  • Like starches from other plants, cassava starch can be fractionated into two types of polymers namely: amylose and amylopectin. (scialert.net)
  • The proportion of amylose to amylopectin in starch determines the physical, chemical and functional properties of cassava starch ( Hoover, 2001 ). (scialert.net)
  • Finally, more economic substrates, including β-cyclodextrin, soluble starch, corn starch and cassava starch could also be used as glycosyl donors, and 4.9, 3.5, 1.3 and 1.5 g/L of AA-2G were obtained, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When the substrate and the enzymes were mechanically activated together, it produced mechanocomposite, an intermediate product with increased reactivity. (jfrm.ru)
  • The study determined the capacity of the substrate in relation to the enzyme preparation. (jfrm.ru)
  • The reagent reacts with the reducing group of glucose released by glucoamylase from the substrate starch. (uni-mysore.ac.in)
  • The enzymes were extracted by fermenting indigenous wheat bran as substrate with the fungi, Aspergillus spp. (scialert.net)
  • In comparison, AmyZ1 showed a broad substrate specificity toward raw starches, including those derived from rice, corn, and wheat. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Enzyme characterization of A-72 cells using starch gel electrophoresis has revealed that their extracted enzymes exhibit identical electrophoretic mobilities to those found in canine peritoneal fibroblasts and primary canine kidney cells. (cls.shop)
  • Starch Characterization of Nixtamalized Corn Flour. (cerealsgrains.org)
  • It can also hydrolyze marine raw starch derived from Chlorella pyrenoidosa , resulting in 50.9 mg/g DW (dry weight of the biomass) of reducing sugars after 4 h incubation at 35 °C. Furthermore, when hydrolyzing raw corn starch using the combination of AmyZ1 and commercial glucoamylase, the hydrolysis rate reached 75% after 4.5 h reaction, notably higher than that obtained in existing starch-processing industries. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 5%) starches have better physicochemical properties compared with those containing amylose making it more useful for industrial applications. (scialert.net)
  • By starch gel and paper electrophoresis the normal serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme is shown to be rarely present in hepatic bile. (bmj.com)
  • Alteration of amylopectin branching patterns in opaque2 starch could contribute to generation of the soft, starchy endosperm. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mutant also had altered expression of a number of starch biosynthesis genes and this was associated with a more highly crystalline starch. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The genomic organization of the granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSS I) in cassava was examined to increase our knowledge of starch biosynthesis and facilitate the production of modified starches in cassava. (scialert.net)
  • The implications of these findings on starch biosynthesis and modification are discussed. (scialert.net)
  • Many genes are involved in starch biosynthesis and there is limited natural variation with regards to starch metabolism in cassava compare to other crops such as maize. (scialert.net)
  • Surprisingly within the pgm2/3 lines a sturdy boost in sucrose, at the same time as the starch breakdown derived maltose, was observed. (gardos-channel.com)
  • Neither a gene encoding a maltose phosphorylase (MalP) nor MalP enzyme activity were detected in the wild type. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the electric field the negative end pushes the ions or molecules through the gel, and a positive end pulls the ions or molecules through the gel. (slideshare.net)
  • The different sized molecules form distinct bands on the gel. (slideshare.net)
  • There are two types of electrophoresis: vertical type electrophoresis, where both DNA and protein molecules are analyzed, while horizontal electrophoresis generally works with DNA or RNA. (kalstein.pk)
  • This definition encompasses (1) enzyme variants that are the product of different genes and thus represent different loci (described as isozymes) and (2) enzymes that are the product of different alleles of the same gene (described as allozymes). (wikipedia.org)
  • In the present study, Oryza sativa Disproportionating Enzyme 2 ( OsDPE2 ) gene in Oryza sativa L. subsp. (springeropen.com)
  • Codon optimization is known to be an important strategy which could improve the levels of gene soluble expression in the host and ultimately affects enzyme production [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Alternatively, if the amino acid residue that is changed is in a relatively unimportant part of the enzyme (e.g., a long way from the active site), then the mutation may be selectively neutral and subject to genetic drift. (wikipedia.org)
  • In particular, amino acid substitutions that change the electric charge of the enzyme are simple to identify by gel electrophoresis, and this forms the basis for the use of isozymes as molecular markers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Within this matrix, starch granules are surrounded by protein bodies that limit starch availability. (intechopen.com)
  • Due to the polycrystalline structure in native starch granules [ 2 ], enzymatic hydrolyzation at a higher temperature is required to efficiently disrupt the native starch structure in starch-based industrial processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 95% of the recombinant enzyme was left in the flow-through fraction because of the C-terminal His 6 -tag was partially inaccessible [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Unless they are identical in their biochemical properties, for example their substrates and enzyme kinetics, they may be distinguished by a biochemical assay. (wikipedia.org)
  • We studied the genetic variability of populations of C. capitata (eight wild samples and one laboratory strain) through the use of the horizontal starch gel electrophoresis technique and the assay of fifteen enzyme-coding loci chosen at random. (edpsciences.org)
  • Gel electrophoresis was conducted for the exploration of isozyme markers and studies on the correlation between isazyme markers and some characters of 35 clones of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam). (airitilibrary.com)
  • All of previously reported populations in Korea were sampled and seven loci from six enzymes were analyzed. (e-kjpt.org)
  • Nous avons étudié la variabilité génétique de neuf populations de C. capitata (huit échantillons sauvages prélevés soit sur figues, soit sur pêches, et une souche de laboratoire) par électrophorèse horizontale sur gel d'amidon et analyse de quinze loci d'enzymes de codage choisis au hasard. (edpsciences.org)
  • Three pure carbon sources were evaluated and Sucrose gave best optimal enzyme activity (4.044 ± 0.03 U/ml) at 17.5 g/l followed by xylose at 17.5 g/l (3.088 ± 0.0595 U/ml) and glucose at 15 g/l (2.257 ± 0.08 U/ml) and for the pure nitrogen sources, Yeast extract (4.224 ± 0.079 U/ml) and NH₄NO₃ (2.202 ± 0.051 U/ml) gave the best activity. (com.ng)
  • To solve this problem, α-amylases capable of directly liquefying raw starch to glucose would have significant industrial implications. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To identify isozymes, a crude protein extract is made by grinding animal or plant tissue with an extraction buffer, and the components of extract are separated according to their charge by gel electrophoresis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1955, Oliver Smithies found that separation of human tissue extracts with high resolution by starch gel electrophoresis. (slideshare.net)
  • Five kinds of enzymes could catalyze the AA-2G production, including α-amylase, α-glucosidase, sucrose phosphatase, α-isomaltosyl glucosaccharide-forming enzyme and cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.19, CGTase). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Starch, the most important energy component of maize grain, is located within starch-protein matrix. (intechopen.com)
  • The heritability values were rather high and they had a considerable variation both between the habitats and across the enzymes. (unideb.hu)
  • Studies of the inheritance of the variation and of liver enzyme levels carried out indicate that the variation, as in rainbow trout Onchorynchus mykiss, reflects co-dominant allelic variation at a cis-acting regulatory locus, designated PGM-1r*, with one allele promoting and the other suppressing expression. (uhi.ac.uk)
  • Comparison of red cell PGM1 patterns of 217 PGM21-1 heterozygous individuals, analysed both as described in this paper and by acid starch-gel electrophoresis, which also distinguishes two common PGM11 (PGM1S1 and PGM1f1) and two common PGM12 (PGM2S1 and PGM2F1) allelic products, has shown that the two sets of four alleles do not coincide. (torvergata.it)
  • Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) is an established technique for high-resolution profiling of complex protein mixtures. (thermofisher.com)
  • Thus, the fabric surface was smoother in enzyme-treated samples compared to untreated control and treated with mixtures of enzymes were more effective than cellulase alone. (scialert.net)
  • OsDPE2 encoded a cytoplasmic Disproportionating Enzyme 2 involved in starch breakdown at the vegetative and reproductive growth stages of rice. (springeropen.com)
  • In rare cases, the mutation may result in an enzyme that is more efficient, or one that can catalyse a slightly different chemical reaction, in which case the mutation may cause an increase in fitness, and be favoured by natural selection. (wikipedia.org)
  • As one of the most abundant storage of carbohydrates, starch has been extensively employed as an inexpensive and renewable raw material for food, pharmaceutical, and bio-fuel industries [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using the reaction, production of glucoamylase by Aspergillus niger was detected on 10% IEF gels within a pH range of 2.5-9.5. (uni-mysore.ac.in)
  • Compared with extracellular expression, intracellular expression would simplify the preservation, facilitate enzyme enrichment and isolate the disturbance of the external circumstances. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Starch Cooking hydrolyzed potato used as Supporting media. (slideshare.net)
  • incubation, pH 7 and temperature of 30˚C. Seven crude organic carbon sources were evaluated for their ability to induce GI production and corn cob (3.088 ± 0.075 U/ml), wheat bran (3.206 ± 0.107 U/ml) and Rice bran (3.185 ± 0.158 U/ml) gave good enzyme activities at 20 g/l, 15 g/l and 15 g/l respectively. (com.ng)
  • Three crude nitrogen sources were evaluated and Soy flour (3.451 ± 0.029 U/ml), Soy chaff (3.49 ± 0.079 U/ml) gave good enzyme activities at 15 g/l respectively. (com.ng)
  • Qualitative improvement of low grade jute and jute cuttings using a crude enzyme preparation from A. niger . (scialert.net)
  • In spite of with the tiny amount of offered leaf materials, first analysis of your starch content in pgm2/3d pgm1 was performed revealing that pgm2/3d pgm1 plants possess pretty minimal quantities of starch (0.2160.02 mmol glc. (gardos-channel.com)
  • Starch Gelatinization in Pasta Cooking: Differential Flux Calorimetry Investigations. (cerealsgrains.org)
  • It was observed that the enzyme was purified 4.754 fold with specific activity of 6.461 U/mg of protein and 30.9% enzyme recovery in the final desalted sample. (com.ng)
  • The highest activity of the enzyme was observed at temperature of 70˚C and pH 7. (com.ng)
  • Furthermore, haplotype OsDPE2(AQ) with higher DPE2 enzyme activity increased the panicle yield of rice. (springeropen.com)
  • The specific activity of AmyZ1 towards raw rice starch was 12,621 ± 196 U/mg, much higher than other reported raw starch hydrolases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a novel raw starch-digesting α-amylase with high specific activity, AmyZ1 efficiently hydrolyzed raw starches derived from both terrestrial and marine environments at near ambient temperature, suggesting its application potential in starch-based industrial processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The additive genetic variance of the enzyme activities did not exhibit a consistent habitat pattern. (unideb.hu)
  • In this study, OsDPE2 affected the vegetative plant development of rice via DPE2 enzyme. (springeropen.com)
  • Additionally, OsDPE2 regulated the reproductive plant development of rice by modulating starch content in young panicles. (springeropen.com)
  • In summary, OsDPE2 can regulate vegetative and reproductive plant development of rice by modulating starch content. (springeropen.com)
  • Furthermore, results show that OsDPE2 enzyme may be associated with rice panicle yield. (springeropen.com)
  • When used in raw starch hydrolyzing process, AmyZ1 hydrolyzed 52%, 47% and 38% of 30% (w/v) rice, corn, and wheat starch after 4 h incubation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Seventy five (75) bacteria were isolated from starch milling wastes in Nsukka town, Enugu state, Nigeria. (com.ng)
  • Starch is a carbon sink for most plants, and its biological role changes with response to the environment and during plant development. (springeropen.com)
  • Novex IEF Gels can be used to determine the pI or to detect minor changes in a protein due to deamination, phosphorylation, or glycosylation. (thermofisher.com)
  • Since the method can detect raw and gelatinized starch activities of glucomylase associated with 1 mu g protein, it will be useful for enzyme engineering studies that involve screening of various mutations. (uni-mysore.ac.in)
  • The solubilization buffer is formulated to achieve optimal protein solubilization and prevent precipitation during the rehydration of the IPG strips-supported gel. (thermofisher.com)
  • A set of experiments made it possible to define the optimal conditions for the mechanical activation of pea biomass with proteolytic enzymes. (jfrm.ru)
  • Isozymes were first described by R. L. Hunter and Clement Markert (1957) who defined them as different variants of the same enzyme having identical functions and present in the same individual. (wikipedia.org)
  • At Kalstein we are MANUFACTURERS of excellent laboratory equipment and we offer you an innovative electrophoresis system, with features that provide you with a high level of safety and efficiency, at the best PRICES on the market. (kalstein.pk)
  • By pretreatment with A. terreus enzyme, 36.37% jute cutting was used in hessian weft batch which reduced the batch cost without impairing yarn quality and production efficiency. (scialert.net)
  • Another factor that hampers the application of α-amylases is the low hydrolyzation efficiency towards high concentration raw starches. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis A modified paper developed by Kohn in 1958. (slideshare.net)
  • The process includes a matrix formed by starch, acrylamide, paper or some other substance capable of supplying a homogeneous support. (kalstein.pk)
  • The normal serum level is the result of two factors, the rate of release of the enzyme from the tissues, principally liver and bone, and the rate of inactivation of the enzymes in the serum and body protein pool. (bmj.com)
  • The raised level does not indicate an inability of the liver to excrete the enzyme via the biliary tract. (bmj.com)
  • In liver disease the increase in serum levels is a result of increased liberation of the enzyme from the sinusoidal surface of the liver cell and of regurgitation of the biliary isoenzyme back into the serum. (bmj.com)
  • Correlations between zymotypes and some quantiative trails (marketable root number, marketable root weight, cull root number, call root weight, fresh weight of tops), and chemical composition of storage roots (contents of dry matter, protein, sager, starch and fiber) were studied. (airitilibrary.com)
  • Enzyme treated low-grade jute could be blended in higher amounts with superior quality jute without any adverse effect on the blended product. (scialert.net)
  • High performance NuPage Bis-Tris gels provide a neutral pH environment for the second dimension that reduce in-gel protein degradation. (thermofisher.com)
  • Starch and Enzyme-Resistant Starch from High-Amylose Barley. (cerealsgrains.org)
  • However, most starch-based products are not cost-efficient due to high-energy input needed in traditional enzymatic starch conversion processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • α-glucosidase is an essential enzyme for the production of isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs). (mdpi.com)