AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Reference ValuesReference StandardsRadiometrySensitivity and SpecificityLaboratoriesReproducibility of ResultsFilm DosimetryRadiation DosageThermoluminescent DosimetryBody BurdenWhole-Body CountingRelative Biological EffectivenessClinical Laboratory TechniquesObserver VariationRadiotherapy DosageTomography, X-Ray ComputedRadiopharmaceuticalsPhantoms, ImagingRadioimmunotherapyDiagnostic Techniques and ProceduresAlgorithmsPredictive Value of TestsQuality ControlRadiotherapy Planning, Computer-AssistedDiagnostic Tests, RoutineIodine RadioisotopesROC CurveLaboratories, HospitalImaging, Three-DimensionalProspective StudiesYttrium RadioisotopesCalibrationTissue DistributionRadiation ProtectionReagent Kits, DiagnosticAnimals, LaboratoryRadiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-AssistedTime FactorsPositron-Emission TomographyMagnetic Resonance ImagingRheniumImage Processing, Computer-AssistedContrast MediaImage Interpretation, Computer-AssistedRetrospective StudiesRadiation MonitoringPolymerase Chain ReactionRadiographic Image EnhancementRadiologyAngiography, Digital SubtractionMedical Laboratory PersonnelNuclear WarfareKazakhstanBignoniaceaeLutetiumEvaluation Studies as TopicFeasibility StudiesTomography, Emission-Computed, Single-PhotonRadiobiologyStandard of CareTreatment OutcomeDose-Response Relationship, RadiationReagent StripsPoint-of-Care SystemsIndium RadioisotopesDiagnostic ErrorsImage EnhancementWhole Body ImagingAutomationMicroscopyMagnetic Resonance AngiographyScintillation CountingMonte Carlo MethodClinical CodingChromatography, High Pressure LiquidRadioactive FalloutCineradiographyNatural Language ProcessingImmunoassaySoftwareBrachytherapyFalse Positive ReactionsPhotographyPhysical ExaminationRadioactive Hazard ReleaseUnited StatesMolecular Diagnostic TechniquesBiological AssayInfant, NewbornMass ScreeningMultidetector Computed TomographyClinical Laboratory Information SystemsModels, StatisticalEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayMetabolic Clearance RateEquipment DesignOphthalmoscopySeverity of Illness IndexDatabases, FactualMultimodal Imaging
RadiotherapyNational LaboratoryRadiologicalCalibrationPracticeNISTProton TherapyBiologicalExposuresDoseStandardization2021Animals and humansDiagnosticDosimetersMeasurementsMeasurementExposureIAEAUraniumUncertaintiesMonitoringEnvironmentalHumansSecondaryCalibrationsClinical trialsPredictSources of ionizingIsotopeGroupTissueDevelopmentsParticlesEpidemiologicalEvaluationProtocolsServiceSafetyMethodsResearchPersonalTraceableNeutronNuclearRadiation ProtectionDataSystemCurveTechniquesInternational standardsPhysicalAbsoluteCheckReview
Radiotherapy2
  • To maximize the accuracy and consistency of radiation dose measurement in proton radiotherapy, NPL developed the Primary Standard Proton Calorimeter ( PSPC ) to directly measure the absorbed radiation dose in proton radiotherapy beams. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Radiation dose measurement always comes with a level of uncertainty, but NPL's PSPC reduces this uncertainty by more than half (0.9% instead of 2.3%) as reported by the international Code of Practice for radiotherapy dosimetry (TRS-398), making it more accurate than current international protocols. (medicalxpress.com)
National Laboratory4
  • The Evaluated Atomic Data Library of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA, was released in 1992 in the ENDL format. (oecd-nea.org)
  • He is also a past member of the Board of Management of TRIUMF, Canada's national laboratory for particle and nuclear physics research. (spacesymposium365.org)
  • Herein, the revised Oak Ridge National Laboratory stylized phantom series and the University of Florida/National Cancer Institute voxel phantom series were compared. (nih.gov)
  • You can put your innovative stamp on real world research projects such as radiation detector design and medical isotope production with partners like Idaho National Laboratory and the Department of Energy. (oregonstate.edu)
Radiological3
  • While these assays can be very sensitive and specific, the standard methods need to be adapted to increase sample throughput in the case of a large.scale radiological/nuclear event. (genome-integrity.org)
  • Recent activities include serving on the Board of Directors of the Canadian Light Source, a national center of excellence committed to advancing synchrotron science, and serving for over 30 years as the Canadian Chair of ISO (International Organization for Standards) Technical Committee 85 (for peaceful applications of nuclear technologies and the protection of individuals and the environment from ionizing radiations) Sub-Committee 2 (Advisory Group on Radiological Protection). (spacesymposium365.org)
  • The Radiation Protection Department is responsible for the radiation control in and around the facilities, including personnel monitoring, workplace monitoring, consultation on radiological work planning and evaluation, monitoring of gaseous and liquid waste effluents, environmental monitoring, radiological standards, maintenance of radiation monitoring instruments, quality management, and the related research. (iaea.org)
Calibration11
  • A calibration service based on a primary standard calorimeter for the direct determination of absorbed dose for proton beams does not exist. (bvsalud.org)
  • The overall objective of the guideline is to provide up-to-date, evidence-based recommendations for the dosimetry and calibration of ultraviolet (UV) radiation (UVR) therapy. (medscape.com)
  • This can lead to problems for the AAPM Calibration Laboratory Accreditation (CLA) Subcommittee in requesting the timely development of accredited calibration services for AAPM members. (aapm.org)
  • A new WG has been developed with a tight focus of reviewing the development of new technologies and identifying where such developments will have impacts on current NIST standards, ADCL calibration services or could require additional protocols or modification/replacement of current AAPM protocols. (aapm.org)
  • Reference sources - Calibration of surface contamination monitors - Alpha-, beta- and photon emitters. (wanfangdata.com.cn)
  • Reference radiation fields - Simulated workplace neutron fields - Part 2 : calibration fundamentals related to the basic quantities. (wanfangdata.com.cn)
  • 适用范围： Its use is mandatory for the calibration of secondary standard pyranometers according to ISO 9060, and is recommended for the calibration of pyranometers which are used as reference instruments in comp. (wanfangdata.com.cn)
  • However, the difference in dosimeter response between laboratory calibration and clinical use is not well known. (euramet.org)
  • The performance of commercial dosimeters used in calibration and clinical conditions will be investigated, establishing a clear-cut definition between reference and field-class dosimeters. (euramet.org)
  • Results will input into relevant standards, such as IEC 61674, providing the harmonised and standardised calibration and measurement procedures required to ensure traceability and accurate dosimetry, helping to prevent unnecessary radiation over-exposure to patients. (euramet.org)
  • It contains a reference light for calibration. (rsdco.ir)
Practice1
  • A new Code of Practice (CoP) for reference dosimetry of proton beams is being developed by a working party of the UK Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM), which will recommend that ionisation chambers are calibrated directly in their clinical beams against the proposed Primary Standard Proton Calorimeter (PSPC) developed at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL). (bvsalud.org)
NIST1
  • The new facility was built from the ground up, starting with an empty room, based on original design specifications developed by the Dosimetry Group at NIST. (nist.gov)
Proton Therapy1
  • As such, these existing materials cannot be used to provide accurate quality assurance measurements for proton therapy dosimetry. (medicalxpress.com)
Biological2
  • IFC) is a technology that can automatically image and analyze processed blood samples for markers of radiation damage, the microscope.based biodosimetry techniques can be modified for the IFC for high.throughput biological dosimetry. (genome-integrity.org)
  • Other activities carried out by the IPCS include the development of know-how for coping with chemical accidents, coordination of laboratory testing and epidemiological studies, and promotion of research on the mechanisms of the biological action of chemicals. (inchem.org)
Exposures2
  • Relating in vitro to in vivo exposures with physiologically-based tissue dosimetry and tissue response models. (cdc.gov)
  • KINETICS AND METABOLISM IN LABORATORY ANIMALS AND HUMANS 6.1 Absorption 6.1.1 Air 6.1.2 Oral 6.1.3 Dermal 6.2 Distribution 6.2.1 Inhalation exposure 6.2.2 Oral and dermal exposures 6.3 Metabolic transformation 6.4 Elimination and excretion 6.4.1 Inhalation exposure 6.4.2 Oral exposure 6.4.3 Dermal exposure 6.5 Retention and turnover 6.6 Reaction with body components 6.7 Modelling of pharmacokinetic data for benzene 7. (inchem.org)
Dose2
  • The standards are believed to be reasonably protective, and the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery has asserted that if exposure to occupational noise did not exceed a TWA of 85 dBA or a dose of 50%, exposure to occupational noise should be excluded as the cause of hearing loss. (medscape.com)
  • The estimated effective dose caused by gaseous and liquid effluents from the TRP to imaginary members of the public around the Laboratories was 2.0 x 10 -4 mSv. (iaea.org)
Standardization2
  • In August 2015, Akimasa Hirata, Professor at the Nagoya Institute of Technology in Japan, received a Technical Achievement Award from the IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Society for "his contribution to computational dosimetry and standardization for human exposure to electromagnetic fields. (embs.org)
  • Furthermore, the analysis templates can be easily shared between networked biodosimetry laboratories for increased capacity and improved standardization. (genome-integrity.org)
20211
  • This standard was last reviewed and confirmed in 2021. (iso.org)
Animals and humans1
  • This review examines factors governing the dosimetry of inhaled particles in laboratory animals and humans and how complex interac- tions among these factors influence the inhalability, deposition, and clear- ance of particles as well as their temporal translocation and retention with- in the body. (cdc.gov)
Diagnostic2
  • IEC 61674 and TRS-457 define performance limit characteristics for diagnostic radiology dosimeters but fail to clearly distinguish between reference and field-class dosimeters and do not consider the characteristics of dosimeters currently on the market. (euramet.org)
  • Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory has had the privilege in recent years to work with an expert team from CETI in the field of chemical and toxicological analyses of food of animal origin, feed and diagnostic materials of animal origin. (ceti.me)
Dosimeters1
  • However, very recently, the data on existing standard dosimeters and novel solutions which could serve as secondary standard devices in UHDR dosimetry started emerging. (nih.gov)
Measurements3
  • The unusually low energy released in the tritium beta decay makes the decay (along with that of rhenium-187) appropriate for absolute neutrino mass measurements in the laboratory (the most recent such experiment being KATRIN). (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, the new materials developed by NPL closely mimic the properties of human tissue in a proton beam within a 1% to 2% accuracy: this makes them much more effective when used to support radiation dosimetry measurements for complex proton treatment plans and clinical trials . (medicalxpress.com)
  • He has published over 100 scientific papers in the open literature, has authored chapters in reference books and monographs, and has written numerous technical publications and reports for organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the US National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, and many other Canadian and international Government agencies. (spacesymposium365.org)
Measurement4
  • International Neutron cross-section standards are important in the measurement and evaluation of all other neutron reaction cross-sections. (oecd-nea.org)
  • The Radiation Safety Institute of Canada National Laboratories, located in Saskatoon, SK, offers expert Radon Chamber services to radon measurement and mitigation professionals and to manufacturers of radon and radon progeny measuring instruments. (radiationsafety.ca)
  • They are based on measurement technics such as calorimetry, ionometry and chemical dosimetry. (lnhb.fr)
  • The variety of the emitted radiation and physical forms of the sources oblige to adapt the measurement process in order to establish national references: methods with defined geometries, or 4 π countings geometries, coincidence countings, etc . (lnhb.fr)
Exposure6
  • The exposure limits set by OSHA have been empirically derived by using both epidemiologic and laboratory data. (medscape.com)
  • Two methods are used to assess exposure: the amount of noise in a given area can be systemically surveyed, or personal noise dosimetry can be performed. (medscape.com)
  • However, only a few animal and human laboratory studies have investigated the effects of exposure to static electric fields. (icnirp.org)
  • Modeled dosimetry and calculated mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMADs) were used to estimate regional, total respiratory deposition of the inhaled aerosol and exhaled fractions that could pose secondhand exposure risk. (cdc.gov)
  • For continuous radon monitors the standard exposure period is 96 hours. (radiationsafety.ca)
  • SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 1.1 Identity, physical and chemical properties, analytical methods 1.2 Sources of human exposure 1.3 Environmental transport, distribution and transformation 1.4 Environmental levels and human exposure 1.5 Kinetics and metabolism 1.6 Effects on laboratory mammals and in vitro test systems 1.6.1 Systemic toxicity 1.6.2 Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity 1.6.3 Reproductive toxicity, embryotoxicity and teratogenicity 1.6.4 Immunotoxicity 1.7 Effects on humans 1.8 Conclusions 2. (inchem.org)
IAEA1
  • This report was prepared in response to the recommendation of the IAEA General Conference in 1992 that the Director General develop a process to provide a common basis on which the acceptable level of safety of all operating nuclear power plants built to earlier standards can be judged. (iaea.org)
Uranium1
  • In the Laboratories, the Tokai Reprocessing Plant (TRP), MOX fuel fabrication facilities, the Chemical Processing Facility (CPF), and various other radioisotopes and uranium research laboratories have been operated. (iaea.org)
Uncertainties1
  • The new evaluations of the cross-section standards also include covariance matrices of the uncertainties that contain fully justifiable values. (oecd-nea.org)
Monitoring1
  • The environmental monitoring and effluent control were performed appropriately in compliance with safety regulation and standards. (iaea.org)
Environmental1
  • Historically, the computational techniques for electromagnetic dosimetry have progressed significantly for human safety as public concerns have grown over the adverse health effects of environmental electromagnetic fields such as those created by power lines, mobile phones, etc. (embs.org)
Humans2
  • Other workshop critical review papers are addressing aspects related to homology (the nature of the rat lung tumors and their potential counter- part in humans) as well as the types of nonneoplastic responses seen in laboratory animals and the potential mechanisms responsible for these effects. (cdc.gov)
  • Because humans are the primary subject of interest for regulatory safety testing, it is advantageous to have human reference data available for evaluation of NAMs for assessing chemical safety. (nih.gov)
Secondary2
  • To date, FLASH RT research has been focused on finding pragmatic solutions that allow the use of UHDR beams in the research setting, but there has been limited focus on absolute dosimetry utilizing primary and secondary standard devices. (nih.gov)
  • The Radiation Safety Institute of Canada operates the first Canadian AARST-NRPP accredited secondary reference radon chamber. (radiationsafety.ca)
Calibrations1
  • This project will review a range of radiation fields relevant in medical imaging and produce a proposal to update the reference x-ray qualities used for x-ray calibrations and system testing. (euramet.org)
Clinical trials1
  • The Consortium will consist of a coordinating center, clinical trials sites, network laboratories, and a statistical center. (nih.gov)
Predict2
  • It is essential that we work with individualized head models based on medical images to predict brain activation or other dosimetry. (embs.org)
  • The aerosol properties obtained by DMS were then applied to a Multiple Path Particle Dosimetry (MPPD) model to predict the deposition of aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract. (aaqr.org)
Sources of ionizing1
  • In order to establish and maintain standards for the utilization of sources of ionizing radiation on the campus and properties of Michigan Technological University, a Radiation Safety Committee, RSC, has been established. (mtu.edu)
Isotope1
Group2
  • Data reconnaissance primarily aimed at further understanding the data sets maintained by the Radiation Protection Dosimetry group. (cdc.gov)
  • To introduce a newly established AAPM Working Group (WG) on International Dosimetry Integration (WGIDI), a resource for AAPM members to communicate the need for new primary standards and protocols for emerging technologies. (aapm.org)
Tissue1
  • Reference dashed lines highlighted maximum tissue thicknesses of each target tissue a proton may pass through in a patient (4 cm for bone and 15 cm for muscle). (medicalxpress.com)
Developments2
  • The need to re-evaluate the cross-section standards at the beginning of the 21st century is based on the appearance of a significant amount of precise experimental data and developments in the methodology of analysis and evaluation. (oecd-nea.org)
  • Critical understanding of the most advanced developments in Modern Physics in both theoretical and laboratory aspects and their interconnections, even in interdisciplinary fields. (unict.it)
Particles2
  • The factors governing the dosimetry of particles can be broadly grouped into two categories, one dealing with the physicochemical properties of the particles and the other with species-specifi c factors such as airway structure, ventilatory level, and mucociliary clearance and alveolar rates. (cdc.gov)
  • While particle dissolution rate and chemical composition are important physicochemical properties for the toxicity of many particles, they are basically unimportant for the dosimetry of PSP, such as carbon black, coal, diesel soot, talc, and titanium dioxide, that are the focus of this review. (cdc.gov)
Epidemiological1
  • Supporting activities include the development of epidemiological, experimental laboratory, and risk-assessment methods that could produce internationally comparable results, and the development of manpower in the field of toxicology. (inchem.org)
Evaluation2
  • No laboratory studies are appropriate in the evaluation of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). (medscape.com)
  • Biodistribution, radiation dosimetry, and semiquantitative evaluation of 89 Zr-Df-IAB22M2C uptake were performed in all patients. (snmjournals.org)
Protocols2
  • The development of new primary dosimetry standards and reference dosimetry protocols for a range of beam modalities is often done in an ad hoc or iterative way, and is commonly lagging clinical implementation. (aapm.org)
  • The laboratory exercises will be delivered in-class at the ORAU PTP training facility in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, where we will employ safe distancing, smaller lab groups, and disinfection protocols. (orau.org)
Service1
  • Our radon chamber, first developed to support the Institute's federally licensed Personal Alpha Dosimetry Service, has been in operation for more than 35 years. (radiationsafety.ca)
Safety2
  • Awareness of safety problems in laboratory work. (unict.it)
  • A radiation safety officer who is directly responsible to the RSC helps ensure compliance with University, state, and federal standards with regard to the use of radiation and radiation- producing devices. (mtu.edu)
Methods1
  • Implemented methods for the establishment of national references must be adapted to the radiation type and its intensity. (lnhb.fr)
Research3
  • Research coming out of our laboratory at the Nagoya Institute of Technology provides rationale of the metrics and limits for human protection that are set in the international standards/guidelines by IEEE and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), which are mentioned by the World Health Organization. (embs.org)
  • C entre for Ecotoxicological Research (CETI doo Podgorica) was established in pursuance of the policy of the Government of Montenegro for the purpose of performing quality control of all segments of the environment for the needs of Montenegro and as a reference institution for the quality control of food and other products and diagnostics of toxicants. (ceti.me)
  • Graduate students work with world renowned faculty and have access to a breadth of unique research facilities and laboratories. (oregonstate.edu)
Personal1
  • Personal dosimetry is performed by having an individual wear a microphone on the shoulder, approximately 5 inches lateral to the ear. (medscape.com)
Traceable1
  • For this reason, the dimensions of the device, i. e. collimator diameter and source-detector distance, are known with an uncertainty of a few micrometers and are traceable to national dimensional metrology standards. (lnhb.fr)
Neutron1
  • The evaluations of the neutron cross-section standards were finalized in October 2005. (oecd-nea.org)
Nuclear2
  • The reference to the ENDB/B-VII.1 library is Nuclear Data Sheets, Vol. 112, Issue 12, December 2011. (oecd-nea.org)
  • en] This annual report summarizes the various activities on radiation control at the nuclear fuel cycle facilities in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories, which were undertaken by the Radiation Protection Department in fiscal 2008. (iaea.org)
Radiation Protection1
Data1
  • European Standards and partners need your consent to the use of individual data so that they can, among other things, show you information about your interests. (en-standard.eu)
System2
  • CRMs that agree with our reference system, within +/-25%, are considered to be operating properly. (radiationsafety.ca)
  • The dosimetry laboratory relies on a software system, known as DIEM, to govern the circulation and processing of the dosemeters, and to run items of handling machinery.Closing date 29 December. (ukita.co.uk)
Curve1
  • During this course, you'll explore the crucial aspects of Reference Dosimetry TRS398 and stay ahead of the curve with the latest field updates. (iba-dosimetry.com)
Techniques1
  • These techniques are particularly useful when physical dosimetry is absent or questioned. (genome-integrity.org)
International standards1
Physical1
  • 1 National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK. (nih.gov)
Absolute1
  • Not many cross-sections can be defined as absolute - most cross-sections are measured relative to the cross-section standards for normalization to absolute values. (oecd-nea.org)
Check1
  • PMT background and reference light check based on user demand. (rsdco.ir)
Review1
  • For the purpose of this review, dosimetry refers to estimating or mea- suring the amount (mass, or number, surface area, volume, etc.) of PSP at specific target sites at a particular point in time. (cdc.gov)